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Journal articles on the topic 'Neural trunks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cejnek, Matous, Jan Vrba, Jakub Jura, Pavel Trnka, and Lubor Zeleny. "Comparative Analysis of Popular CNN Based Deep Learning Models for Tree Trunk Detection in Orchards." Neural Network World 34, no. 5 (2024): 263–77. https://doi.org/10.14311/nnw.2024.34.014.

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This study compares machine vision deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks to detect tree trunks in orchards from camera images, with a primary focus on apple trees. Two distinct datasets are used, one original with apple trees and another publicly available featuring vineyard trunks. Multiple deep learning models are tested and compared in order to evaluate their efficacy in tree trunk detection. Research not only provides insight into the performance of various models but also serves as a valuable benchmark for assessing achievable results in orchard-based machine vision

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Christensen, Katie, and Hamid Kulosman. "Some remarks about trunks and morphisms of neural codes." Mathematics for Application 9, no. 1 (2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/ma.2020.01.

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F de Alcântara, Francisco Rener. "Anatomical study of the origin and area of innervation that form the brachial plexus of monkey-nail (Sapajus libidinosus)." Clínica Veterinária XXIII, no. 135 (2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2018.xxiii.n.135.p.74-81.

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We studied, and herein describe, the anatomy of the brachial plexus in the Sapajus libidinosus, a New World primate species. The study of origin and distribution of the nerves that form the brachial plexus of primates contributes to the body of knowledge of veterinary functional anatomy, and can have important ramifications to clinical, surgical, and anesthetic procedures, as well as to the understanding of injuries in these species. We found that the brachial plexus of Sapajus libidinosus is composed of neural fibers originating from the union of the dorsal and ventral roots of the cervical v

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Wang, Chen, Cao, et al. "Individual Rubber Tree Segmentation Based on Ground-Based LiDAR Data and Faster R-CNN of Deep Learning." Forests 10, no. 9 (2019): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090793.

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Rubber trees in southern China are often impacted by natural disturbances that can result in a tilted tree body. Accurate crown segmentation for individual rubber trees from scanned point clouds is an essential prerequisite for accurate tree parameter retrieval. In this paper, three plots of different rubber tree clones, PR107, CATAS 7-20-59, and CATAS 8-7-9, were taken as the study subjects. Through data collection using ground-based mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR), a voxelisation method based on the scanned tree trunk data was proposed, and deep images (i.e., images normally used

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Zuzzaifa, Nur, and Rianto Rianto. "Convolutional Neural Network Untuk Perbandingan Optimizer Pada Citra Batang Pohon." Jurnal Sistem Cerdas 6, no. 3 (2023): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37396/jsc.v6i3.268.

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In the surrounding environment, there are various types of trees with different characteristics. One characteristic of a tree that is difficult to distinguish is its trunk. After researchers made observations, the trunks of Pine and Tabebuya trees had the same characteristics, namely cracking. The problem of incorrectly identifying the characteristics of a tree's trunk can be overcome by classification. Deep Learning with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm is a method commonly used in image classification. The stages in this research include image data retrieval, data preprocessi

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Yasuo, Hitoyoshi, and Patrick Lemaire. "Role of Goosecoid, Xnot and Wnt antagonists in the maintenance of the notochord genetic programme in Xenopus gastrulae." Development 128, no. 19 (2001): 3783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.19.3783.

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The Xenopus trunk organiser recruits neighbouring tissues into secondary trunk axial and paraxial structures and itself differentiates into notochord. The inductive properties of the trunk organiser are thought to be mediated by the secretion of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Ectopic repression of BMP signals on the ventral side is sufficient to mimic the inductive properties of the trunk organiser. Resultant secondary trunks contain somite and neural tube, but no notochord. We show that inhibition of BMP signalling is sufficient for the initiation of the trunk organiser genetic

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Reynolds, R. P. E., G. W. Effer, and M. P. Bendeck. "The upper esophageal sphincter in the cat: the role of central innervation assessed by transient vagal blockade." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 1 (1987): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-019.

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Studies were performed on four cats to assess the role of extrinsic innervation via the cervical nerve trunks in the control of upper esophageal sphincter function. Transient vagal nerve blockade was accomplished by cooling the cervical vagosympathetic nerve trunks previously isolated in skin loops on each side of the neck. Upper esophageal sphincter pressure was measured using a multilumen oval manometry tube and a rapid pull-through technique. The upper esophageal sphincter response to cervical intraesophageal balloon distention and acid perfusion was assessed. The feline upper esophageal sp

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Schlüter, Andreas Marco, Konstantin Redl, Thomas Tschernig, Stephan Maxeiner, and Gabriela Krasteva-Christ. "Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report." Diagnostics 14, no. 12 (2024): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121239.

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During routine dissections of cadavers as part of the medical curriculum, we identified a rare unilateral variation in the brachial plexus on the right side of a female body donor. This variation consisted of four unusual changes to the regular pattering of nerve bundles and the dorsal scapular artery permeating the complex neural network. The variation included contributions of root C4 to the plexus by a root C4/C5 anastomosis, a rare fusion of the superior and middle trunks to a ‘superomiddle’ trunk, a preliminary, proximal branching of the suprascapular nerve off the C5 root. We further obs

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Tubbs, R. Shane, Robert G. Louis, Christopher T. Wartmann, et al. "Histopathological basis for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 8, no. 4 (2008): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi/2008/8/4/347.

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Object To the best of the authors' knowledge, no report exists that has demonstrated the histopathological changes of neural elements within the brachial plexus as a result of cervical rib compression. Methods Four hundred seventy-five consecutive human cadavers were evaluated for the presence of cervical ribs. From this cohort, 2 male specimens (0.42%) were identified that harbored cervical ribs. One of the cadavers was found to have bilateral cervical ribs and the other a single right cervical rib. Following gross observations of the brachial plexus and, specifically, the lower trunk and its

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Hrabar, Ivan, and Zdenko Kovačić. "Localization of Mobile Manipulator in Vineyards for Autonomous Task Execution." Machines 11, no. 4 (2023): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11040414.

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Although robotic systems have found their place in agriculture, there are still many challenges, especially in the area of localization in semi-structured environments. A robotic system has been developed and tested to perform various tasks in the steep vineyards of the Mediterranean region. In this paper, we describe a method for vine trunk localization, based solely on the visual recognition of vine trunks by neural networks fed by an RGB camera. Assuming that the height of the first wire in the vineyard is known, the proposed method is used to determine the location of vines in the immediat

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Al-Ani, Rami Raad Ahmed, and Basim Hussein Khudair Al-Obaidi. "Prediction of Sediment Accumulation Model for Trunk Sewer Using Multiple Linear Regression and Neural Network Techniques." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091227.

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Sewer sediment deposition is an important aspect as it relates to several operational and environmental problems. It concerns municipalities as it affects the sewer system and contributes to sewer failure which has a catastrophic effect if happened in trunks or interceptors. Sewer rehabilitation is a costly process and complex in terms of choosing the method of rehabilitation and individual sewers to be rehabilitated. For such a complex process, inspection techniques assist in the decision-making process; though, it may add to the total expenditure of the project as it requires special tools a

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Guimarães, André, Maria Valério, Beatriz Fidalgo, Raúl Salas-Gonzalez, Carlos Pereira, and Mateus Mendes. "Cork Oak Production Estimation Using a Mask R-CNN." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249593.

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Cork is a versatile natural material. It can be used as an insulator in construction, among many other applications. For good forest management of cork oaks, forest owners need to calculate the volume of cork periodically. This will allow them to choose the right time to harvest the cork. The traditional method is laborious and time consuming. The present work aims to automate the process of calculating the trunk area of a cork oak from which cork is extracted. Through this calculation, it will be possible to estimate the volume of cork produced before the stripping process. A deep neural netw

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YASUTOMI, T., H. KOIKE, and Y. NAKATSUCHI. "Granular Cell Tumour of the Ulnar Nerve." Journal of Hand Surgery 24, no. 1 (1999): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.1998.0044.

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Although granular cell tumours have been demonstrated to have a neural origin, they rarely arise in peripheral nerve trunks. We report a case of granular cell tumour of the ulnar nerve in a 51-year-old man. Though dissectable from the nerve, this intraneural tumour showed microscopic involvement of focal nerve fibres. This tumour tended to infiltrate the nerve in the same manner as a neurofibroma.

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Tanriover, Necmettin, Albert L. Rhoton, Masatou Kawashima, Arthur J. Ulm, and Alexandre Yasuda. "Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 5 (2004): 891–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0891.

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Object. The purpose of this study was to define the topographic anatomy, arterial supply, and venous drainage of the insula and sylvian fissure. Methods. The neural, arterial, and venous anatomy of the insula and sylvian fissure were examined in 43 cerebral hemispheres. Conclusions. The majority of gyri and sulci of the frontoparietal and temporal opercula had a constant relationship to the insular gyri and sulci and provided landmarks for approaching different parts of the insula. The most lateral lenticulostriate artery, an important landmark in insular surgery, arose 14.6 mm from the apex o

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Poelmann, Robert E., Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Charissa Goerdajal, Nimrat Grewal, Merijn A. G. De Bakker, and Michael K. Richardson. "Ventricular Septation and Outflow Tract Development in Crocodilians Result in Two Aortas with Bicuspid Semilunar Valves." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 10 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8100132.

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Background: The outflow tract of crocodilians resembles that of birds and mammals as ventricular septation is complete. The arterial anatomy, however, presents with a pulmonary trunk originating from the right ventricular cavum, and two aortas originating from either the right or left ventricular cavity. Mixing of blood in crocodilians cannot occur at the ventricular level as in other reptiles but instead takes place at the aortic root level by a shunt, the foramen of Panizza, the opening of which is guarded by two facing semilunar leaflets of both bicuspid aortic valves. Methods: Developmenta

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Svoikin, Fedor, Kirill Zhuk, Vladimir Svoikin, et al. "Classification of Tree Species in the Process of Timber-Harvesting Operations Using Machine-Learning Methods." Inventions 8, no. 2 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8020057.

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This article presents the constraining factors that limit the increase in the efficiency of logging production by modern multi-operation machines operating on the Scandinavian cut-to-length technology in the felling phase, namely the selection and registration of wood species. The factors for creating a complete architecture of a fully connected neural network (NN) are given. The dependence of the prediction accuracy of a fully connected NN on a test sample on the size of the training dataset, and an image of the dependence of the prediction accuracy on the number of trees in the random forest

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Karmakar, Manoj Kumar, Jatuporn Pakpirom, Banchobporn Songthamwat, and Pornpatra Areeruk. "High definition ultrasound imaging of the individual elements of the brachial plexus above the clavicle." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 5 (2020): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-101089.

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Background and objectivesUltrasonography of the brachial plexus (BP) has been described but there are limited data on visualization of the T1 ventral ramus and the inferior trunk. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate a high definition ultrasound imaging technique to systematically identify the individual elements of the BP above the clavicle.MethodsFive healthy young volunteers underwent high definition ultrasound imaging of the BP above the clavicle. The ultrasound scan sequence (transverse oblique scan) commenced at the supraclavicular fossa after which the transducer was s

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Guan, D., W. T. Phillips, and G. M. Green. "Pancreatic secretion stimulated by CCK is not mediated by capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent pathway in awake rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 270, no. 5 (1996): G881—G886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.270.5.g881.

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A capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent pathway was reported to mediate the effect of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic secretion in anesthetized rats. Because neural blockade affects pancreatic secretion much less in awake than in anesthetized rats, the effect of capsaicin ablation of vagal afferent pathways on pancreatic secretion stimulated by endogenous CCK was examined in awake rats. During surgery, abdominal vagal trunks were exposed, and 0.1 ml of capsaicin (10 mg/ml) was applied to the vagal trunks. Ablation of the vagal afferent pathway was assessed by the ability of intrape

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Wang, Zhenhe, Yubing Sun, Jun Wang, and Yongwei Wang. "Evaluation of Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) Infestation in Platycladus orientalis Plants Using E-Nose and GC-MS." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13145.

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HighlightsE-nose was employed for evaluation of Semanotus bifasciatus infestation based on four time-domain features.Plant VOCs were analyzed by GC-MS, and the results proved the feasibility of E-nose detection.PNN, BPNN, SVM, and PLSR were introduced to classify and predict Semanotus bifasciatus infestation numbers.Abstract. Trunk-boring insects such as Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) are difficult to detect because the larvae are hidden inside the trunks. In this study, the variation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Platycladus orientalis after S. bifasciatus infestation was evalu

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Hansen, Lene, Sarah Lampert, Hitoshi Mineo, and Jens J. Holst. "Neural regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 287, no. 5 (2004): E939—E947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00197.2004.

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Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is secreted rapidly from the intestine postprandially. We therefore investigated its possible neural regulation. With the use of isolated perfused porcine ileum, GLP-1 secretion was measured in response to electrical stimulation of the mixed, perivascular nerve supply and infusions of neuroactive agents alone and in combination with different blocking agents. Electrical nerve stimulation inhibited GLP-1 secretion, an effect abolished by phentolamine. Norepinephrine inhibited secretion, and phentolamine abolished this effect. GLP-1 secretion was stimulated by isopr

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Osio, A. A., H. Â. Lê, S. Ayugi, F. Onyango, P. Odwe, and S. Lefèvre. "DETECTION OF DEGRADED ACACIA TREE SPECIES USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS ON UAV DRONE IMAGERY." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2022 (May 17, 2022): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2022-455-2022.

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Abstract. Deep-learning-based image classification and object detection has been applied successfully to tree monitoring. However, studies of tree crowns and fallen trees, especially on flood inundated areas, remain largely unexplored. Detection of degraded tree trunks on natural environments such as water, mudflats, and natural vegetated areas is challenging due to the mixed colour image backgrounds. In this paper, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, with embedded RGB cameras were used to capture the fallen Acacia Xanthophloea trees from six designated plots around Lake Nakuru, Kenya.

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Asyari, Mohamad Solahudin, and Fenry Winna Mutawally. "Identifikasi Ganoderma Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Reflektansi Gelombang Multispektral." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 7, no. 3 (2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.07.3.193-200.

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Basal Stem Rot (BSR) is a fatal disease caused by the fungus Ganoderma boninense. Currently in Indonesia the identification of oil palm plants suffering from BSR is done by directly observing oil palm plants one by one and pressing the palm tree trunks. However the direct checking method is felt to be less effective and efficient, its need another better method for detecting BSR. This study aims to evaluate the Ganoderma attack by using a multispectral camera, applying a neural network method to analyze NDVI images, and analyzing the effect of altitude on the accuracy of multispectral camera p

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Bhattacharyya, A., R. Brackenbury, and N. Ratner. "Axons arrest the migration of Schwann cell precursors." Development 120, no. 6 (1994): 1411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.6.1411.

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The neural crest gives rise to a variety of cell types including Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cell precursors begin to differentiate early and migrate along specific pathways in the embryo before associating with nerve trunks. To determine whether motor axons direct the migration of Schwann cell precursors along specific pathways, we tested the effect of ablating the ventral half of the neural tube, which contains motor neuron cell bodies. The ventral neural tube was removed unilaterally from lumbar regions of chicken embryos at stage 17, when neural crest cells are

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Heredia-Rizo, A. M., I. Navarro-Carmona, and F. Piña-Pozo. "Efficacy of dry needling on latent myofascial trigger points in male subjects with neck/shoulders musculoskeletal pain. A case series." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.029.

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Abstract Aims To assess the impact of dry needling on neural mechanosensitivity and grip strength in male subjects with a history of persistent pain in the neck/shoulder area. Methods Case series study. Eight male subjects (mean age 25±6.24 years) with a recurrent history of bilateral neck/shoulder pain for at least 6 months, and with symptoms provoked by neck/shoulder postures or movement were recruited from a University-based clinical research center. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after intervention, and fifteen days later, of the pressure pain threshold (PPT) over the med

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KORNILOVA, N. V., V. G. ABUSHKEVICH, A. N. ARDELYAN, Yu Yu PEROVA, and A. G. POKHOT'KO. "VISUALIZATION OF THE EXCITATION PROCESS IN THE FROG'S NERVES." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 25, no. 4 (2018): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2018-25-4-51-54.

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Aim.Visualization of the excitation process in the frog's nerves.Materials and methods. Observations were carried out on 30 immobilized frogs. Vagosympathetic trunks and sciatic nerve were allocated from the frogs. Ligatures were placed on the right vagosympathetic trunk crossing it. A scanner of the gas discharge visualization camera of the CELSY device, which created a high- frequency electromagnetic field (1024 Hz), was installed above the nerves. The scanner with a highly sensitive camera shot a 60-second video (the frequency of frame-by-frame shooting to 1000 frames per second), during wh

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Liang, Yuying, Yongke Sun, Weili Kou, et al. "Rubber Tree Recognition Based on UAV RGB Multi-Angle Imagery and Deep Learning." Drones 7, no. 9 (2023): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7090547.

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The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important tree species for the production of natural latex, which is an essential raw material for varieties of industrial and non-industrial products. Rapid and accurate identification of the number of rubber trees not only plays an important role in predicting biomass and yield but also is beneficial to estimating carbon sinks and promoting the sustainable development of rubber plantations. However, the existing recognition methods based on canopy characteristic segmentation are not suitable for detecting individual rubber trees due to their high ca

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Stoyek, Matthew R., T. Alexander Quinn, Roger P. Croll, and Frank M. Smith. "Zebrafish heart as a model to study the integrative autonomic control of pacemaker function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 3 (2016): H676—H688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00330.2016.

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The cardiac pacemaker sets the heart's primary rate, with pacemaker discharge controlled by the autonomic nervous system through intracardiac ganglia. A fundamental issue in understanding the relationship between neural activity and cardiac chronotropy is the identification of neuronal populations that control pacemaker cells. To date, most studies of neurocardiac control have been done in mammalian species, where neurons are embedded in and distributed throughout the heart, so they are largely inaccessible for whole-organ, integrative studies. Here, we establish the isolated, innervated zebra

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Boezaart, Andre P., Cameron R. Smith, Svetlana Chembrovich, et al. "Visceral versus somatic pain: an educational review of anatomy and clinical implications." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 46, no. 7 (2021): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-102084.

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Somatic and visceral nociceptive signals travel via different pathways to reach the spinal cord. Additionally, signals regulating visceral blood flow and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) motility travel via efferent sympathetic nerves. To offer optimal pain relief and increase GIT motility and blood flow, we should interfere with all these pathways. These include the afferent nerves that travel with the sympathetic trunks, the somatic fibers that innervate the abdominal wall and part of the parietal peritoneum, and the sympathetic efferent fibers. All somatic and visceral afferent neural and sympa

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Avetisov, S. E., Z. V. Surnina, and S. Georgiev. "Application of neural networks for improving the methods of assessment of corneal nerve fibers (preliminary report)." Russian Annals of Ophthalmology 141, no. 2 (2025): 117. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141021117.

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Processing large datasets using artificial intelligence is a promising approach in disease diagnosis and monitoring that focuses on improving research algorithms for existing technologies. Interest in studying corneal nerve fibers (CNFs) arises not only from the need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of various ocular diseases but also from the potential for thin, unmyelinated corneal nerves to be used as biomarkers for systemic polyneuropathies. Purpose. This study evaluates the preliminary results of using a neural network-based algorithm for analysis of confocal images of CNFs.

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Joshi, D., and C. Witharana. "ROADSIDE FOREST MODELING USING DASHCAM VIDEOS AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-2-2022 (July 25, 2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-2-2022-135-2022.

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Abstract. Tree failure is a primary cause of storm-related power outages throughout the United States. Roadside vegetation management is therefore critical to electric utility companies to prevent power outages during extreme weather conditions. It is difficult to execute roadside vegetation management practices, at the landscape level, without proper monitoring of roadside forests’ physical structure and health condition. Remote sensing images and LiDAR are widely used to characterize the forest edge; however, the limitation on the temporal and spatial resolution for most of that dataset is a

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Baibakov, V. M. "Morphological features of drainage systems of the testicle." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 86, no. 6 (2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2019.06.47.

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Objective. To determine the peculiarities of organization of morphological structures of the drainage systems of a testicle and their role in pathogenesis of infertility in the men. Маterials and methods. The structure and interrelationship of morphological parameters of the drainage systems of a testicle were investigated in 71 biopsies of a testicle, excised during necropexy in men of the adult age (22 - 35 yrs old). On histological preparations of testicles, using morphometric rule АМ-9-4 and the Stefanov’s net on 25 points, there were measured the external diameters of the arteriolas

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Dey, M., M. Michalkiewicz, L. Huffman, and G. A. Hedge. "NPY is not a primary mediator of the acute thyroid blood flow response to sympathetic nerve stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 265, no. 1 (1993): E24—E30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.1.e24.

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It has been suggested that thyroid blood flow is regulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The purpose of our experiments was to study the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the sympathetic neural control of thyroid blood flow. Sympathetic nerve fibers to the thyroid contain both norepinephrine (NE) and NPY. Therefore, NE (15 nmol iv bolus) and NPY (12 or 1.7 nmol/kg body wt iv infusion; 4 min) were administered to anesthetized male rats (250–300 g) either alone or together, with or without an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (phentolamine; 10 mg/kg body wt iv bolus). Experiments

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Takahashi, Yuzuru, Tatsuo Morinaga, Shin-Ichiro Nakamura, Kaoru Suseki, Kazuhisa Takahashi, and Yoshio Nakajima. "Neural connection between the ventral portion of the lumbar intervertebral disc and the groin skin." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 2 (1996): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.2.0323.

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✓ This study was designed to investigate neural mechanisms of referred pain in lumbar intervertebral disc lesions. Patients with a degenerative disc in lower lumbar segments occasionally complain of groin pain, which cannot be explained anatomically as having a radicular origin. In rats pretreated with intravenous application of Evans blue dye, the dye extravasation appeared in the groin skin after application of capsaicin to the ventral portion of the L5–6 intervertebral disc. This response occurred even in rats with a sectioned L-5 spinal nerve and sympathetic trunks, but did not occur in ra

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Liu, Hui, Jie Xu, Wen-Hua Chen, Yue Shen, and Jinru Kai. "Efficient Semantic Segmentation for Large-Scale Agricultural Nursery Managements via Point Cloud-Based Neural Network." Remote Sensing 16, no. 21 (2024): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16214011.

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Remote sensing technology has found extensive application in agriculture, providing critical data for analysis. The advancement of semantic segmentation models significantly enhances the utilization of point cloud data, offering innovative technical support for modern horticulture in nursery environments, particularly in the area of plant cultivation. Semantic segmentation results aid in obtaining tree components, like canopies and trunks, and detailed data on tree growth environments. However, obtaining precise semantic segmentation results from large-scale areas can be challenging due to the

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Zhao, Gang, and Dian Wang. "A Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Method Generated by the Space Colonization Algorithm for Automated Pruning Strategies of Trees." AgriEngineering 6, no. 1 (2024): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6010033.

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The rise of mechanical automation in orchards has sparked research interest in developing robots capable of autonomous tree pruning operations. To achieve accurate pruning outcomes, these robots require robust perception systems that can reconstruct three-dimensional tree characteristics and execute appropriate pruning strategies. Three-dimensional modeling plays a crucial role in enabling accurate pruning outcomes. This paper introduces a specialized tree modeling approach using the space colonization algorithm (SCA) tailored for pruning. The proposed method extends SCA to operate in three-di

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Kislov, Dmitry E., and Kirill A. Korznikov. "Automatic Windthrow Detection Using Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (2020): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071145.

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Wind disturbances are significant phenomena in forest spatial structure and succession dynamics. They cause changes in biodiversity, impact on forest ecosystems at different spatial scales, and have a strong influence on economics and human beings. The reliable recognition and mapping of windthrow areas are of high importance from the perspective of forest management and nature conservation. Recent research in artificial intelligence and computer vision has demonstrated the incredible potential of neural networks in addressing image classification problems. The most efficient algorithms are ba

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Chen, Jingbo, Shengyong Chen, and Linjie Bian. "Multi-attribute self-attention guided vehicle local region detection based on convolutional neural network architecture." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 4 (2020): 172988142094434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420944343.

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Many pieces of information are included in the front region of a vehicle, especially in windshield and bumper regions. Thus, windshield or bumper region detection is making sense to extract useful information. But the existing windshield and bumper detection methods based on traditional artificial features are not robust enough. Those features may become invalid in many real situations (e.g. occlude, illumination change, viewpoint change.). In this article, we propose a multi-attribute-guided vehicle discriminately region detection method based on convolutional neural network and not rely on b

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Swanson, Gavin J., and Julian Lewis. "Sensory nerve routes in chick wing buds deprived of motor innervation." Development 95, no. 1 (1986): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.95.1.37.

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To what extent do motor and sensory nerve fibres depend on one another for guidance during the development of peripheral nerve patterns? This question has been examined by looking at the paths taken by sensory nerve fibres growing into the embryonic chick wing in the absence of motor axons. The precursors of the motoneurones were destroyed by irradiating the appropriate part of the neural tube with a focused beam of ultraviolet light, before axons had grown out. The limb nerve patterns seen 5 to 7 days later revealed that sensory fibres followed the usual paths of main nerve trunks and formed

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Baertschi, A. J., J. H. Jiao, D. E. Carlson, et al. "Neural control of ANF release in hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 3 (1990): H735—H744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.3.h735.

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Hypoxia causes the release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), but the mechanisms are not yet understood. This study examined the relative contribution of pulmonary arterial hypertension, neural pathways, increased heart rate, or increased atrial size to the ANF response. Alveolar hypoxia [fractional concentration of O2 in inspired gas (FIo2) = 0.1] or pulmonary arterial hypertension (25-45 mmHg) was induced for 10 min in four series (n = 4-12 each) of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs. During hypoxia, plasma ANF concentrations increased by 129 +/- 52 (SE) pg/ml (or 271 +/- 105%) over

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Manson, J., J. D. West, V. Thomson, P. McBride, M. H. Kaufman, and J. Hope. "The prion protein gene: a role in mouse embryogenesis?" Development 115, no. 1 (1992): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.1.117.

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The neural membrane glycoprotein PrP (prion protein) has a key role in the development of scrapie and related neurodegenerative diseases. During pathogenesis, PrP accumulates in and around cells of the brain from which it can be isolated in a disease-specific, protease-resistant form. Although the involvement of PrP in the pathology of these diseases has long been known, the normal function of PrP remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that the PrP gene is expressed tissue specifically in adult animals, the highest levels in the brain, with intermediate levels in heart and lung and low l

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Ahmad, Gulzar, Shahid Imran, Muhammad Farooq, et al. "Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Extracted Catalyst from Plantain Banana Stem via RSM and ANN Optimization for Sustainable Development." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813599.

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Biodiesel is a promising sector worldwide and is experiencing significant and rapid growth. Several studies have been undertaken to utilize homogeneous base catalysts in the form of KOH to develop biodiesel in order to establish a commercially viable and sustainable biodiesel industry. This research centers around extracting potassium hydroxide (KOH) from banana trunks and employing it in the transesterification reaction to generate biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). Various operational factors were analyzed for their relative impact on biodiesel output, and after optimizing the reaction

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Hegde, Ajit, Vijaya Shetty Sadanand, Chinmay Ganapati Hegde, Krishnamurthy Manjunath Naik, and Kanaad Deepak Shastri. "Identification and categorization of diseases in arecanut: a machine learning approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1803-1810.

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Arecanut is one of the prominent commercial crops that are grown worldwide for traditional medicines, furniture, cosmetics, food, veterinary preparations, and textile industries. It experiences a variety of diseases during its existence, from the bottom to the tip. The conventional method for detection of diseases is through visual inspection and it is also necessary to have properly designed laboratories to check these harvests. It is a time consuming and tedious task to inspect these crops across wide acres of plantations. The proposed system has been developed that uses convolutional neural

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Augsornthip, Chalatorn, Paramin Neranon, Pornchai Phukpattaranont, and Arisara Romyen. "Sound Classification for Non-Destructive Diagnosis of Basal Stem Rot Disease based on Stem Density in Oil Palm Trunks." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 124, no. 1 (2024): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.124.1.1938.

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Oil palm trees play a crucial role in the economies of Southeast Asian countries, providing palm oil that is essential for various products and consumption. However, the Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease caused by the white-rot fungus Ganoderma spp. poses a significant challenge, leading to wilting and death of the trees. This study proposes a practical and accessible approach for the routine detection of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease in oil palm trees caused by Ganoderma spp. A prototype system for initial disease diagnosis is developed by utilizing the local wisdom technique of tapping and assessi

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Nevmerzhytska, N. M., L. M. Yaremenko, S. M. Chuhray, and O. M. Grabovyi. "Treatment methods for peripheral nerve injuries (a literature review)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 25, no. 4 (2023): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2023.4.273073.

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Aim: to analyze modern professional literature and summarize data on treatment methods for peripheral nerve injuries, taking into account the mechanisms of positive effects. The article presents an overview of possible methods for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, fundamental classifications of peripheral nerve injuries, their differences are considered, pathophysiological mechanisms and the probability of spontaneous recovery depending on the degree of injury, general principles and conditions for successful regeneration of the peripheral nerve. Options, combinations, advantages and dis

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Ardell, Jeffrey L., Pradeep S. Rajendran, Heath A. Nier, Bruce H. KenKnight, and J. Andrew Armour. "Central-peripheral neural network interactions evoked by vagus nerve stimulation: functional consequences on control of cardiac function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 10 (2015): H1740—H1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00557.2015.

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Using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), we sought to determine the contribution of vagal afferents to efferent control of cardiac function. In anesthetized dogs, the right and left cervical vagosympathetic trunks were stimulated in the intact state, following ipsilateral or contralateral vagus nerve transection (VNTx), and then following bilateral VNTx. Stimulations were performed at currents from 0.25 to 4.0 mA, frequencies from 2 to 30 Hz, and a 500-μs pulse width. Right or left VNS evoked significantly greater current- and frequency-dependent suppression of chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitro

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Chumasov, E. I., E. S. Petrova, and D. E. Korzhevskii. "Immunohistochemical Study of Neuroglia in the Mediastinum Structures of Newborn Rats." Journal Biomed 20, no. 4 (2024): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-20-4-59-69.

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In this work, we conduct a comparative morphological study of the diversity of glial cells in the tissues and organs of the mediastinum of newborn rats using immunohistochemical markers. In rats aged 1 day, the innervation of the organs of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems was studied in frontal sections through the cardiopulmonary complex (using the neural immunohistochemical protein marker PGP 9.5 and glial markers GFAP and S100β). In the mediastinal organs (SRDS), two type of glia — astrocyte-like cells and neurolemmocytes — were revealed. Astrocyte-like cells are simil

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El-Hussieny, Haitham, Ibrahim A. Hameed, and Ayman A. Nada. "Deep CNN-Based Static Modeling of Soft Robots Utilizing Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation." Biomimetics 8, no. 8 (2023): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080611.

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Soft continuum robots, inspired by the adaptability and agility of natural soft-bodied organisms like octopuses and elephant trunks, present a frontier in robotics research. However, exploiting their full potential necessitates precise modeling and control for specific motion and manipulation tasks. This study introduces an innovative approach using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the inverse quasi-static modeling of these robots within the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) framework. The ANCF effectively represents the complex non-linear behavior of soft continuum robo

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Li, Jing-Yi, Xi-Zhuang Gao, Jian Zhang, Xiang-Zheng Meng, Yi-Xian Cao, and Kun Zhao. "Comprehensive evaluation of rare case: From diagnosis to treatment of a sigmoid Schwannoma: A case report." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 16, no. 1 (2024): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.244.

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BACKGROUND Schwannomas are uncommon tumors originating from Schwann cells, forming the neural sheath. They account for approximately 2%-6% of all mesenchymal tumors and are most commonly identified in peripheral nerve trunks, with rarity in the gastrointestinal tract. Among gastrointestinal locations, the stomach harbors the majority of nerve sheath tumors, while such occurrences in the sigmoid colon are exceptionally infrequent. CASE SUMMARY This study presented a clinical case involving a 60-year-old female patient who, during colonoscopy, was diagnosed with a submucosal lesion that was late

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Zagajewski, Bogdan, Marcin Kluczek, Edwin Raczko, Ajda Njegovec, Anca Dabija, and Marlena Kycko. "Comparison of Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Neural Networks for Post-Disaster Forest Species Mapping of the Krkonoše/Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132581.

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Mountain forests are exposed to extreme conditions (e.g., strong winds and intense solar radiation) and various types of damage by insects such as bark beetles, which makes them very sensitive to climatic changes. Therefore, continuous monitoring is crucial, and remote-sensing techniques allow the monitoring of transboundary areas where a common policy is needed to protect and monitor the environment. In this study, we used Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 open data to assess the forest stands classification of the UNESCO Krkonoše/Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve, which is undergoing dynamic

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Lv, Meng, Yi-Xiao Xu, Yu-Hang Miao, and Wen-Hao Su. "A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning in Computer Vision for Monitoring Apple Tree Growth and Fruit Production." Sensors 25, no. 8 (2025): 2433. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082433.

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The high nutritional and medicinal value of apples has contributed to their widespread cultivation worldwide. Unfavorable factors in the healthy growth of trees and extensive orchard work are threatening the profitability of apples. This study reviewed deep learning combined with computer vision for monitoring apple tree growth and fruit production processes in the past seven years. Three types of deep learning models were used for real-time target recognition tasks: detection models including You Only Look Once (YOLO) and faster region-based convolutional network (Faster R-CNN); classificatio

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