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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Sato, Kanako, Aurelien Kerever, Koji Kamagata, et al. "Understanding microstructure of the brain by comparison of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) with transparent mouse brain." Acta Radiologica Open 6, no. 4 (2017): 205846011770381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460117703816.

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Background Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with the potential to visualize the microstructure of the brain. Revolutionary histological methods to render the mouse brain transparent have recently been developed, but verification of NODDI by these methods has not been reported. Purpose To confirm the concordance of NODDI with histology in terms of density and orientation dispersion of neurites of the brain. Material and Methods Whole brain diffusion MRI of a thy-1 yellow fluorescent protein mouse was acquired with a 7-T MRI scanner, after which transparent brain sections were created from the same mouse. NODDI parameters calculated from the MR images, including the intracellular volume fraction (Vic) and the orientation dispersion index (ODI), were compared with histological findings. Neurite density, Vic, and ODI were compared between areas of the anterior commissure and the hippocampus containing crossing fibers (crossing areas) and parallel fibers (parallel areas), and the correlation between fiber density and Vic was assessed. Results The ODI was significantly higher in the crossing area compared to the parallel area in both the anterior commissure and the hippocampus ( P = 0.0247, P = 0.00022, respectively). Neurite density showed a similar tendency, but was significantly different only in the hippocampus ( P = 7.91E−07). There was no significant correlation between neurite density and Vic. Conclusion NODDI was verified by histology for quantification of the orientation dispersion of neurites. These results indicate that the ODI is a suitable index for understanding the microstructure of the brain in vivo.

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Shibata, Yasushi, and Sumire Ishiyama. "Neurite Damage in Patients with Migraine." Neurology International 16, no. 2 (2024): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16020021.

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We examined neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in patients with migraine. We found that patients with medication overuse headache exhibited lower orientation dispersion than those without. Moreover, orientation dispersion in the body of the corpus callosum was statistically negatively correlated with migraine attack frequencies. These findings indicate that neurite dispersion is damaged in patients with chronic migraine. Our study results indicate the orientation preference of neurite damage in migraine.

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Wang, Dan, Kai Shang, Zheng Sun, and Yue-Hua Li. "Experimental Imaging Study of Encephalomalacia Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Hyperintense Lesions in Posttraumatic Epilepsy." Neural Plasticity 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2678379.

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This study introduced new MRI techniques such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI); NODDI applies a three-compartment tissue model to multishell DWI data that allows the examination of both the intra- and extracellular properties of white matter tissue. This, in turn, enables us to distinguish the two key aspects of axonal pathology—the packing density of axons in the white matter and the spatial organization of axons (orientation dispersion (OD)). NODDI is used to detect possible abnormalities of posttraumatic encephalomalacia fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense lesions in neurite density and dispersion. Methods. 26 epilepsy patients associated with FLAIR hyperintensity around the trauma encephalomalacia region were in the epilepsy group. 18 posttraumatic patients with a FLAIR hyperintense encephalomalacia region were in the nonepilepsy group. Neurite density and dispersion affection in FLAIR hyperintense lesions around encephalomalacia were measured by NODDI using intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), and we compare these findings with conventional diffusion MRI parameters, namely, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Differences were compared between the epilepsy and nonepilepsy groups, as well as in the FLAIR hyperintense part and in the FLAIR hypointense part to try to find neurite density and dispersion differences in these parts. Results. ICVF of FLAIR hyperintense lesions in the epilepsy group was significantly higher than that in the nonepilepsy group ( P < 0.001 ). ICVF reveals more information of FLAIR(+) and FLAIR(-) parts of encephalomalacia than OD and FA and ADC. Conclusion. The FLAIR hyperintense part around encephalomalacia in the epilepsy group showed higher ICVF, indicating that this part may have more neurite density and dispersion and may be contributing to epilepsy. NODDI indicated high neurite density with the intensity of myelin in the FLAIR hyperintense lesion. Therefore, NODDI likely shows that neurite density may be a more sensitive marker of pathology than FA.

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Collorone, Sara, Ferran Prados, Baris Kanber, et al. "Brain microstructural and metabolic alterations detected in vivo at onset of the first demyelinating event." Brain 144, no. 5 (2021): 1409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab043.

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Abstract In early multiple sclerosis, a clearer understanding of normal-brain tissue microstructural and metabolic abnormalities will provide valuable insights into its pathophysiology. We used multi-parametric quantitative MRI to detect alterations in brain tissues of patients with their first demyelinating episode. We acquired neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging [to investigate morphology of neurites (dendrites and axons)] and 23Na MRI (to estimate total sodium concentration, a reflection of underlying changes in metabolic function). In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 42 patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis within 3 months of their first demyelinating event and 16 healthy controls. Physical and cognitive scales were assessed. At 3 T, we acquired brain and spinal cord structural scans, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Thirty-two patients and 13 healthy controls also underwent brain 23Na MRI. We measured neurite density and orientation dispersion indices and total sodium concentration in brain normal-appearing white matter, white matter lesions, and grey matter. We used linear regression models (adjusting for brain parenchymal fraction and lesion load) and Spearman correlation tests (significance level P ≤ 0.01). Patients showed higher orientation dispersion index in normal-appearing white matter, including the corpus callosum, where they also showed lower neurite density index and higher total sodium concentration, compared with healthy controls. In grey matter, compared with healthy controls, patients demonstrated: lower orientation dispersion index in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices; lower neurite density index in parietal, temporal and occipital cortices; and higher total sodium concentration in limbic and frontal cortices. Brain volumes did not differ between patients and controls. In patients, higher orientation dispersion index in corpus callosum was associated with worse performance on timed walk test (P = 0.009, B = 0.01, 99% confidence interval = 0.0001 to 0.02), independent of brain and lesion volumes. Higher total sodium concentration in left frontal middle gyrus was associated with higher disability on Expanded Disability Status Scale (rs = 0.5, P = 0.005). Increased axonal dispersion was found in normal-appearing white matter, particularly corpus callosum, where there was also axonal degeneration and total sodium accumulation. The association between increased axonal dispersion in the corpus callosum and worse walking performance implies that morphological and metabolic alterations in this structure could mechanistically contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis. As brain volumes were neither altered nor related to disability in patients, our findings suggest that these two advanced MRI techniques are more sensitive at detecting clinically relevant pathology in early multiple sclerosis.

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Rasgado-Toledo, Jalil, Apurva Shah, Madhura Ingalhalikar, and Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in cocaine use disorder." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 113 (March 2022): 110474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110474.

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6

Wang, Nian, Jieying Zhang, Gary Cofer, et al. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of mouse brain microstructure." Brain Structure and Function 224, no. 5 (2019): 1797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-01877-x.

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Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Anna Podlasek, Amjad AlTokhis, Ali Aldhebaib, Rob A. Dineen, and Cris S. Constantinescu. "Investigating Microstructural Changes in White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091151.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by widespread damage of the central nervous system that includes alterations in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and demyelinating white matter (WM) lesions. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) has been proposed to provide a precise characterisation of WM microstructures. NODDI maps can be calculated for the Neurite Density Index (NDI) and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI), which estimate orientation dispersion and neurite density. Although NODDI has not been widely applied in MS, this technique is promising in investigating the complexity of MS pathology, as it is more specific than diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in capturing microstructural alterations. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies using NODDI metrics to assess brain microstructural changes and neuroaxonal pathology in WM lesions and NAWM in patients with MS. Three reviewers conducted a literature search of four electronic databases. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis and the extent of between-study heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. We identified seven studies analysing 374 participants (202 MS and 172 controls). The NDI in WM lesions and NAWM were significantly reduced compared to healthy WM and the standardised mean difference of each was −3.08 (95%CI −4.22 to (−1.95), p ≤ 0.00001, I2 = 88%) and −0.70 (95%CI −0.99 to (−0.40), p ≤ 0.00001, I2 = 35%), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference of the ODI in MS WM lesions and NAWM compared to healthy controls. This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that the NDI is significantly reduced in MS lesions and NAWM than in WM from healthy participants, corresponding to reduced intracellular signal fraction, which may reflect underlying damage or loss of neurites.

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Broad, Rebecca, Matthew Gabel, Nicholas Dowell, et al. "CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF NEURITE ORIENTATION DISPERSION & DENSITY IMAGING IN MND." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 87, no. 12 (2016): e1.83-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-315106.173.

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Collorone, Sara, Niamh Cawley, Francesco Grussu, et al. "Reduced neurite density in the brain and cervical spinal cord in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: A NODDI study." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 13 (2019): 1647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458519885107.

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both brain and spinal cord. However, studies of the neuraxis with advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rare because of long acquisition times. We investigated neurodegeneration in MS brain and cervical spinal cord using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations, and their clinical relevance, in neurite morphology along the brain and cervical spinal cord of relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Methods: In total, 28 RRMS patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain and spinal cord NODDI at 3T. Physical and cognitive disability was assessed. Individual maps of orientation dispersion index (ODI) and neurite density index (NDI) in brain and spinal cord were obtained. We examined differences in NODDI measures between groups and the relationships between NODDI metrics and clinical scores using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and brain tissue volumes or cord cross-sectional area (CSA). Results: Patients showed lower NDI in the brain normal-appearing white matter (WM) and spinal cord WM than HCs. In patients, a lower NDI in the spinal cord WM was associated with higher disability. Conclusion: Reduced neurite density occurs in the neuraxis but, especially when affecting the spinal cord, it may represent a mechanism of disability in MS.

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Mitchell, Trina, Derek B. Archer, Winston T. Chu, et al. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and free‐water imaging in Parkinsonism." Human Brain Mapping 40, no. 17 (2019): 5094–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24760.

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Wang, Zhenxiong, Shun Zhang, Chengxia Liu, et al. "A study of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in ischemic stroke." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 57 (April 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2018.10.018.

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12

Song, Yu-kun, Xin-bei Li, Xiao-long Huang, et al. "A study of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in wilson's disease." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 48, no. 2 (2017): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25930.

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13

Sone, Daichi. "Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging: clinical utility, efficacy, and role in therapy." Reports in Medical Imaging Volume 12 (August 2019): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmi.s194083.

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Spanò, Barbara, Giovanni Giulietti, Valerio Pisani, et al. "Disruption of neurite morphology parallels MS progression." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 5, no. 6 (2018): e502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000502.

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ObjectivesTo apply advanced diffusion MRI methods to the study of normal-appearing brain tissue in MS and examine their correlation with measures of clinical disability.MethodsA multi-compartment model of diffusion MRI called neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) was used to study 20 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 15 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 20 healthy controls. Maps of NODDI were analyzed voxel-wise to assess the presence of abnormalities within the normal-appearing brain tissue and the association with disease severity. Standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were also computed for comparing the 2 techniques.ResultsPatients with MS showed reduced neurite density index (NDI) and increased orientation dispersion index (ODI) compared with controls in several brain areas (p < 0.05), with patients with SPMS having more widespread abnormalities. DTI indices were also sensitive to some changes. In addition, patients with SPMS showed reduced ODI in the thalamus and caudate nucleus. These abnormalities were associated with scores of disease severity (p < 0.05). The association with the MS functional composite score was higher in patients with SPMS compared with patients with RRMS.ConclusionsNODDI and DTI findings are largely overlapping. Nevertheless, NODDI helps interpret previous findings of increased anisotropy in the thalamus of patients with MS and are consistent with the degeneration of selective axon populations.

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Wallace, Alexander L., Kelly E. Courtney, Natasha E. Wade, et al. "Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) of Brain Microstructure in Adolescent Cannabis and Nicotine Use." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14030231.

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Introduction: Despite evidence suggesting deleterious effects of cannabis and nicotine tobacco product (NTP) use on white matter integrity, there have been limited studies examining white matter integrity among users of both cannabis and nicotine. Further, updated white matter methodology provides opportunities to investigate use patterns on neurite orientation dispersion and density (NODDI) indices and subtle tissue changes related to the intra- and extra-neurite compartment. We aimed to investigate how cannabis and NTP use among adolescents and young adults interacts to impact the white matter integrity microstructure. Materials and Methods: A total of 221 participants between the ages of 16 and 22 completed the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR) to measure substance use, and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. Participants were divided into NTP-control and NTP groupings and cannabis-control and cannabis groupings (≥26 NTP/cannabis uses in past 6 months). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and two-way between-subjects ANOVA investigated the effects of NTP use group, cannabis use group, and their interaction on fractional anisotropy (FA) and NODDI indices while controlling for age and biological sex. Results: NTP use was associated with decreased FA values and increased orientation dispersion in the left anterior capsule. There were no significant effects of cannabis use or the interaction of NTP and cannabis use on white matter outcomes. Discussion: NTP use was associated with altered white matter integrity in an adolescent and young adult sample. Findings suggest that NTP-associated alterations may be linked to altered fiber tract geometry and dispersed neurite structures versus myelination, as well as differential effects of NTP and cannabis use on white matter structure. Future work is needed to investigate how altered white matter is related to downstream behavioral effects from NTP use.

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Quezada, Sebastian, Yohan van de Looij, Nadia Hale, et al. "Genetic and microstructural differences in the cortical plate of gyri and sulci during gyrification in fetal sheep." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 12 (2020): 6169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa171.

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Abstract Gyrification of the cerebral cortex is a developmentally important process, but the mechanisms that drive cortical folding are not fully known. Theories propose that changes within the cortical plate (CP) cause gyrification, yet differences between the CP below gyri and sulci have not been investigated. Here we report genetic and microstructural differences in the CP below gyri and sulci assessed before (at 70 days of gestational age [GA] 70), during (GA 90), and after (GA 110) gyrification in fetal sheep. The areal density of BDNF, CDK5, and NeuroD6 immunopositive cells were increased, and HDAC5 and MeCP2 mRNA levels were decreased in the CP below gyri compared with sulci during gyrification, but not before. Only the areal density of BDNF-immunopositive cells remained increased after gyrification. MAP2 immunoreactivity and neurite outgrowth were also increased in the CP below gyri compared with sulci at GA 90, and this was associated with microstructural changes assessed via diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging at GA 98. Differential neurite outgrowth may therefore explain the localized changes in CP architecture that result in gyrification.

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Andica, Christina, Koji Kamagata, Takuya Hayashi, et al. "Scan–rescan and inter-vendor reproducibility of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging metrics." Neuroradiology 62, no. 4 (2019): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02350-6.

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Abstract Purpose The reproducibility of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) metrics in the human brain has not been explored across different magnetic resonance (MR) scanners from different vendors. This study aimed to evaluate the scan–rescan and inter-vendor reproducibility of NODDI metrics in white and gray matter of healthy subjects using two 3-T MR scanners from two vendors. Methods Ten healthy subjects (7 males; mean age 30 ± 7 years, range 23–37 years) were included in the study. Whole-brain diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b-values of 1000 and 2000 s/mm2 using two 3-T MR scanners from two different vendors. Automatic extraction of the region of interest was performed to obtain NODDI metrics for whole and localized areas of white and gray matter. The coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the scan–rescan and inter-vendor reproducibilities of NODDI metrics. Results The scan–rescan and inter-vendor reproducibility of NODDI metrics (intracellular volume fraction and orientation dispersion index) were comparable with those of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics. However, the inter-vendor reproducibilities of NODDI (CoV = 2.3–14%) were lower than the scan–rescan reproducibility (CoV: scanner A = 0.8–3.8%; scanner B = 0.8–2.6%). Compared with the finding of DTI metrics, the reproducibility of NODDI metrics was lower in white matter and higher in gray matter. Conclusion The lower inter-vendor reproducibility of NODDI in some brain regions indicates that data acquired from different MRI scanners should be carefully interpreted.

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Vogt, Nicholas M., Jack F. Hunt, Nagesh Adluru, et al. "Cortical Microstructural Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 5 (2020): 2948–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz286.

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Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurodegenerative processes are ongoing for years prior to the time that cortical atrophy can be reliably detected using conventional neuroimaging techniques. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have provided new techniques to study neural microstructure, which may provide additional information regarding neurodegeneration. In this study, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multi-compartment diffusion model, in order to investigate cortical microstructure along the clinical continuum of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. Using gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS), we demonstrated that neurite density index (NDI) was significantly lower throughout temporal and parietal cortical regions in MCI, while both NDI and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were lower throughout parietal, temporal, and frontal regions in AD dementia. In follow-up ROI analyses comparing microstructure and cortical thickness (derived from T1-weighted MRI) within the same brain regions, differences in NODDI metrics remained, even after controlling for cortical thickness. Moreover, for participants with MCI, gray matter NDI—but not cortical thickness—was lower in temporal, parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. Taken together, our results highlight the utility of NODDI metrics in detecting cortical microstructural degeneration that occurs prior to measurable macrostructural changes and overt clinical dementia.

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Swaminathan, Prasath, Norhamizan Hamzah, Vairavan Narayanan, Li Kuo Tan, Kartini Rahmat, and Norlisah Ramli. "A novel application of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging to differentiate cognitively recovered versus non-recovered following mild traumatic brain injury." Neurology Asia 29, no. 4 (2024): 1141–54. https://doi.org/10.54029/2024exe.

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Objective: Cognitive deficits in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can persist over three months, and symptomatic patients may not be readily diagnosed. Although diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect microstructural white matter tract (WMT) changes in mTBI, the underlying recovery process is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate WMT changes at 3 months post-mTBI between cognitively recovered (REC) and non-recovered (NREC) mTBI subjects using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). Methods: Fifty-seven mTBI subjects were divided into REC (n=16) and NREC (n=41) groups. Ten healthy controls (HC) were recruited. MRI and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery-Screening Module (S-NAB) performance were assessed at baseline and three months before subjects were classified as REC and NREC. DTI and NODDI parameters of 50 ROIs corresponding to WMTs were compared between REC, NREC and HC. Results: NODDI detected more significant changes (p<0.05) in multiple ROIs than DTI. Lower Neurite Density Index (NDI) was demonstrated in REC versus NREC at multiple ROIs. Increased Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI) and decreased Isotropic Volume Fraction (ISOVF) were detected at several WMTs in both groups. Conclusion: Reduced NDI in the overall mTBI cohort suggests axonal degeneration post-trauma. We postulate that at three months’ timeline, there is a combination of axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, which is more extensive in NREC than REC.

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Hong, Hui, Xinfeng Yu, Ruiting Zhang, et al. "Cortical degeneration detected by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in chronic lacunar infarcts." Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 5 (2021): 2114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-880.

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Woodward, Neil, and Prasanna Parvatheni. "M82. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) of the Prefrontal Cortex in Psychosis." Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, suppl_1 (2017): S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx022.077.

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Zhang, Hui, Torben Schneider, Claudia A. Wheeler-Kingshott, and Daniel C. Alexander. "NODDI: Practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain." NeuroImage 61, no. 4 (2012): 1000–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072.

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Grussu, Francesco, Torben Schneider, Hui Zhang, Daniel C. Alexander, and Claudia A. M. Wheeler–Kingshott. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the healthy cervical spinal cord in vivo." NeuroImage 111 (May 2015): 590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.045.

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Kadota, Yoshihito, Toshinori Hirai, Minako Azuma, et al. "Differentiation between glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." Journal of Neuroradiology 47, no. 3 (2020): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurad.2018.10.005.

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Slattery, Catherine F., Jiaying Zhang, Ross W. Paterson, et al. "[P4-230]: LONGITUDINAL NEURITE ORIENTATION DISPERSION AND DENSITY IMAGING IN YOUNG-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7S_Part_28 (2017): P1359—P1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2098.

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McCunn, Patrick, Kyle M. Gilbert, Peter Zeman, et al. "Reproducibility of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) in rats at 9.4 Tesla." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (2019): e0215974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215974.

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Kamagata, Koji, Taku Hatano, Ayami Okuzumi, et al. "Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in the substantia nigra in idiopathic Parkinson disease." European Radiology 26, no. 8 (2015): 2567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-4066-8.

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Woodward, Neil, Prasanna Parvatheni, Baxter Rogers, Stephen Damon, and Bennett Landman. "957. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) of the Prefrontal Cortex in Psychosis." Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (2017): S387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.683.

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Parker, Thomas D., Catherine F. Slattery, Jiaying Zhang, et al. "Cortical microstructure in young onset Alzheimer's disease using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." Human Brain Mapping 39, no. 7 (2018): 3005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24056.

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Broad, Rebecca J., Matt C. Gabel, Nicholas G. Dowell, et al. "Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) detects cortical and corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 4 (2018): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318830.

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BackgroundCorticospinal tract (CST) degeneration and cortical atrophy are consistent features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We hypothesised that neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multicompartment model of diffusion MRI, would reveal microstructural changes associated with ALS within the CST and precentral gyrus (PCG) ‘in vivo’.Methods23 participants with sporadic ALS and 23 healthy controls underwent diffusion MRI. Neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI) and free water fraction (isotropic compartment (ISO)) were derived. Whole brain voxel-wise analysis was performed to assess for group differences. Standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were computed for comparison. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate for NODDI parameter differences relating to bulbar involvement. Correlation of NODDI parameters with clinical variables were also explored. The results were accepted as significant where p<0.05 after family-wise error correction at the cluster level, clusters formed with p<0.001.ResultsIn the ALS group NDI was reduced in the extensive regions of the CST, the corpus callosum and the right PCG. ODI was reduced in the right anterior internal capsule and the right PCG. Significant differences in NDI were detected between subgroups stratified according to the presence or absence of bulbar involvement. ODI and ISO correlated with disease duration.ConclusionsNODDI demonstrates that axonal loss within the CST is a core feature of degeneration in ALS. This is the main factor contributing to the altered diffusivity profile detected using DTI. NODDI also identified dendritic alterations within the PCG, suggesting microstructural cortical dendritic changes occur together with CST axonal damage.

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Friedrich, Patrick, Christoph Fraenz, Caroline Schlüter, et al. "The Relationship Between Axon Density, Myelination, and Fractional Anisotropy in the Human Corpus Callosum." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (2020): 2042–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz221.

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Abstract The corpus callosum serves the functional integration and interaction between the two hemispheres. Many studies investigate callosal microstructure via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) in geometrically parcellated segments. However, FA is influenced by several different microstructural properties such as myelination and axon density, hindering a neurobiological interpretation. This study explores the relationship between FA and more specific measures of microstructure within the corpus callosum in a sample of 271 healthy participants. DTI tractography was used to assess 11 callosal segments and gain estimates of FA. We quantified axon density and myelination via neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to assess intra-neurite volume fraction and a multiecho gradient spin-echo sequence estimating myelin water fraction. The results indicate three common factors in the distribution of FA, myelin content and axon density, indicating potentially shared rules of topographical distribution. Moreover, the relationship between measures varied across the corpus callosum, suggesting that FA should not be interpreted uniformly. More specific magnetic resonance imaging-based quantification techniques, such as NODDI and multiecho myelin water imaging, may thus play a key role in future studies of clinical trials and individual differences.

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Palacios, E. M., J. P. Owen, E. L. Yuh, et al. "The evolution of white matter microstructural changes after mild traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal DTI and NODDI study." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (2020): eaaz6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz6892.

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Neuroimaging biomarkers that can detect white matter (WM) pathology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and predict long-term outcome are needed to improve care and develop therapies. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to investigate WM microstructure cross-sectionally and longitudinally after mTBI and correlate these with neuropsychological performance. Cross-sectionally, early decreases of fractional anisotropy and increases of mean diffusivity corresponded to WM regions with elevated free water fraction on NODDI. This elevated free water was more extensive in the patient subgroup reporting more early postconcussive symptoms. The longer-term longitudinal WM changes consisted of declining neurite density on NODDI, suggesting axonal degeneration from diffuse axonal injury for which NODDI is more sensitive than DTI. Therefore, NODDI is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than DTI for WM microstructural changes due to mTBI that merits further study for mTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

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Chen, Amalie, Sijin Wen, Dhairya A. Lakhani, et al. "Assessing brain injury topographically using MR neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in multiple sclerosis." Journal of Neuroimaging 31, no. 5 (2021): 1003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon.12876.

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Sacco, S., E. Caverzasi, N. Papinutto, et al. "Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging for Assessing Acute Inflammation and Lesion Evolution in MS." American Journal of Neuroradiology 41, no. 12 (2020): 2219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a6862.

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Van Riper, Stephanie M., Andrew L. Alexander, Jill N. Barnes, et al. "Neurite Orientation Dispersion Density Imaging Indicates Positive Associations Between Physical Activity And White Matter Structure." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 54, no. 9S (2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000878296.12114.fb.

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Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel, Stephen Coombes, and Marcelo Febo. "Pain differences in neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging measures among community-dwelling older adults." Experimental Gerontology 154 (October 2021): 111520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111520.

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Merluzzi, Andrew P., Douglas C. Dean, Nagesh Adluru, et al. "Age-dependent differences in brain tissue microstructure assessed with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." Neurobiology of Aging 43 (July 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.026.

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Caverzasi, Eduardo, Nico Papinutto, Antonella Castellano, et al. "Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging Color Maps to Characterize Brain Diffusion in Neurologic Disorders." Journal of Neuroimaging 26, no. 5 (2016): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon.12359.

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Schmitz, Judith, Christoph Fraenz, Caroline Schlüter, et al. "Hemispheric asymmetries in cortical gray matter microstructure identified by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." NeuroImage 189 (April 2019): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.079.

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Li, Shi-Hui, Ri-Feng Jiang, Ju Zhang, et al. "Application of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging in Assessing Glioma Grades and Cellular Proliferation." World Neurosurgery 131 (November 2019): e247-e254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.121.

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Slattery, Catherine F., Jiaying Zhang, Ross W. Paterson, et al. "[IC-P-168]: LONGITUDINAL NEURITE ORIENTATION DISPERSION AND DENSITY IMAGING IN YOUNG-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7S_Part_2 (2017): P127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2543.

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Timmers, Inge, Hui Zhang, Matteo Bastiani, Bernadette M. Jansma, Alard Roebroeck, and M. Estela Rubio-Gozalbo. "White matter microstructure pathology in classic galactosemia revealed by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 38, no. 2 (2014): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10545-014-9780-x.

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Wen, Junhao, Hui Zhang, Daniel C. Alexander, et al. "Neurite density is reduced in the presymptomatic phase of C9orf72 disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 4 (2018): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318994.

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ObjectiveTo assess the added value of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) compared with conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and anatomical MRI to detect changes in presymptomatic carriers of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) mutation.MethodsThe PREV-DEMALS (Predict to Prevent Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) study is a prospective, multicentre, observational study of first-degree relatives of individuals carrying the C9orf72 mutation. Sixty-seven participants (38 presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+) and 29 non-carriers (C9−)) were included in the present cross-sectional study. Each participant underwent one single-shell, multishell diffusion MRI and three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. Volumetric measures, DTI and NODDI metrics were calculated within regions of interest. Differences in white matter integrity, grey matter volume and free water fraction between C9+ and C9− individuals were assessed using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsCompared with C9−, C9+ demonstrated white matter abnormalities in 10 tracts with neurite density index and only 5 tracts with DTI metrics. Effect size was significantly higher for the neurite density index than for DTI metrics in two tracts. No tract had a significantly higher effect size for DTI than for NODDI. For grey matter cortical analysis, free water fraction was increased in 13 regions in C9+, whereas 11 regions displayed volumetric atrophy.ConclusionsNODDI provides higher sensitivity and greater tissue specificity compared with conventional DTI for identifying white matter abnormalities in the presymptomatic C9orf72 carriers. Our results encourage the use of neurite density as a biomarker of the preclinical phase.Trial registration numberNCT02590276.

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Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Mostafa Alqarras, Anna Podlasek, et al. "White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined UK Biobank Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging." Medicina 61, no. 3 (2025): 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030455.

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Background and objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects brain white matter microstructure. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to study white matter abnormalities in T2DM, it lacks specificity for complex white matter tracts. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) offers a more specific approach to characterising white matter microstructures. This study aims to explore white matter alterations in T2DM using both DTI and NODDI and assess their association with disease duration and glycaemic control, as indicated by HbA1c levels. Methods and Materials: We analysed white matter microstructure in 48 tracts using data from the UK Biobank, involving 1023 T2DM participants (39% women, mean age 66) and 30,744 non-T2DM controls (53% women, mean age 64). Participants underwent 3.0T multiparametric brain imaging, including T1-weighted and diffusion imaging for DTI and NODDI. We performed region-of-interest analyses on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), orientation dispersion index (ODI), intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), and isotropic water fraction (IsoVF) to assess white matter abnormalities. Results: We observed reduced FA and ICVF, and increased MD, AD, RD, ODI, and IsoVF in T2DM participants compared to controls (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with longer disease duration and higher HbA1c levels (0 < r ≤ 0.2, p < 0.05). NODDI identified microstructural changes in white matter that were proxies for reduced neurite density and disrupted fibre orientation, correlating with disease progression and poor glucose control. In conclusion, NODDI contributed to DTI in capturing white matter differences in participants with type 2 diabetes, suggesting the feasibility of NODDI in detecting white matter alterations in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can cause white matter microstructural abnormalities that have associations with glucose control. Conclusions: The NODDI diffusion model allows the characterisation of white matter neuroaxonal pathology in type 2 diabetes, giving biophysical information for understanding the impact of type 2 diabetes on brain microstructure. Future research should focus on the longitudinal tracking of these microstructural changes to better understand their potential as early biomarkers for cognitive decline in T2DM.

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Jung, Woojin, Jingu Lee, Hyeong-Geol Shin, et al. "Whole brain g-ratio mapping using myelin water imaging (MWI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)." NeuroImage 182 (November 2018): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.053.

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Churchill, Nathan W., Eduardo Caverzasi, Simon J. Graham, Michael G. Hutchison, and Tom A. Schweizer. "White matter during concussion recovery: Comparing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)." Human Brain Mapping 40, no. 6 (2018): 1908–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24500.

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Xiong, Ying, Wen Shao, Juan Wang, Shaolin Yang, Wenzhen Zhu, and Qiang Zhang. "Application of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in characterizing brain microstructural changes in classical trigeminal neuralgia and a comparison between the left and right sides." Pain, May 6, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003614.

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Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging can detect brain white matter changes in classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, it lacks specificity for individual tissue microstructural features, such as neurite density, orientation dispersions, and extracellular edema. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, can provide these distinct indices. We characterized brain microstructural alterations in patients with unilateral TN using NODDI and compared the difference between left- and right-side TN (LTN and RTN, respectively). Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed on 39 patients with LTN, 37 patients with RTN, and 37 healthy controls. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging-related indices, including the intracellular volume fraction (Vic), orientation dispersion index (ODI), and isotropic volume fraction (Fiso), were estimated and compared using tract-based spatial statistics and voxel-based region-of-interest analysis. The LTN and RTN groups exhibited microstructural abnormalities in white and gray matter as measured by decreased fractional anisotropy and Vic and elevated Fiso, respectively. These alterations were associated with clinical features and were mainly located in the frontal lobe, corona radiata, internal capsule, and thalamus. The angular variation of neurites, characterized by ODI, exhibited no significant changes between TN and control groups. Patients with classical TN of either side exhibited reduced Vic and increased Fiso, which indicated decreased density of axons and dendrites and neuroinflammatory edema in bilateral hemispheres. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is a useful technique for in vivo diffusion MRI of white and gray matter in the brain, which provides additional metrics and information closely related to the tissue microstructure that merits further study of TN pathogenesis.

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Raghavan, Sheelakumari, Robert I. Reid, Scott A. Przybelski, et al. "Diffusion models reveal white matter microstructural changes with ageing, pathology and cognition." Brain Communications 3, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab106.

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Abstract White matter microstructure undergoes progressive changes during the lifespan, but the neurobiological underpinnings related to ageing and disease remains unclear. We used an advanced diffusion MRI, Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging, to investigate the microstructural alterations due to demographics, common age-related pathological processes (amyloid, tau and white matter hyperintensities) and cognition. We also compared Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging findings to the older Diffusion Tensor Imaging model-based findings. Three hundred and twenty-eight participants (264 cognitively unimpaired, 57 mild cognitive impairment and 7 dementia with a mean age of 68.3 ± 13.1 years) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging with multi-shell diffusion imaging, fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI as well as amyloid and tau PET scans were included in this study. White matter tract level diffusion measures were calculated from Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with diffusion measures as the outcome and age, sex, education/occupation, white matter hyperintensities, amyloid and tau as predictors. Analyses were also performed with each diffusion MRI measure as a predictor of cognitive outcomes. Age and white matter hyperintensities were the strongest predictors of all white matter diffusion measures with low associations with amyloid and tau. However, neurite density decrease from Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging was observed with amyloidosis specifically in the temporal lobes. White matter integrity (mean diffusivity and free water) in the corpus callosum showed the greatest associations with cognitive measures. All diffusion measures provided information about white matter ageing and white matter changes due to age-related pathological processes and were associated with cognition. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging and diffusion tensor imaging are two different diffusion models that provide distinct information about variation in white matter microstructural integrity. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging provides additional information about synaptic density, organization and free water content which may aid in providing mechanistic insights into disease progression.

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Cao, Meng, Yuyang Luo, Ziyan Wu, Kai Wu, and Xiaobo Li. "Abnormal neurite density and orientation dispersion in frontal lobe link to elevated hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in young adults with traumatic brain injury." Brain Communications 4, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac011.

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Abstract Traumatic brain injury is a major public health concern. A significant proportion of individuals experience post-traumatic brain injury behavioural impairments, especially in attention and inhibitory control domains. Traditional diffusion-weighted MRI techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, have provided tools to assess white matter structural disruptions reflecting the long-term brain tissue alterations associated with traumatic brain injury. The recently developed neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is a more advanced diffusion MRI modality, which provides more refined characterization of brain tissue microstructures by assessing the neurite orientation dispersion and neurite density properties. In this study, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging data from 44 young adults with chronic traumatic brain injury (who had no prior-injury diagnoses of any sub-presentation of attention deficits/hyperactivity disorder or experience of severe inattentive and/or hyperactive behaviours) and 45 group-matched normal controls were investigated, to assess the post-injury morphometrical and microstructural brain alterations and their relationships with the behavioural outcomes. Maps of fractional anisotropy, neurite orientation dispersion index and neurite density index were calculated. Vertex-wise and voxel-wise analyses were conducted for grey matter and white matter, respectively. Post hoc region-of-interest-based analyses were also performed. Compared to the controls, the group of traumatic brain injury showed significantly increased orientation dispersion index and significantly decreased neurite density index in various grey matter regions, as well as significantly decreased orientation dispersion index in several white matter regions. Brain–behavioural association analyses indicated that the reduced neurite density index of the left precentral gyrus and the reduced orientation dispersion index of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus were significantly associated with elevated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in the patients with traumatic brain injury. These findings suggest that post-injury chronical neurite intracellular volume and angular distribution anomalies in the frontal lobe, practically the precentral area, can significantly contribute to the onset of hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in young adults with traumatic brain injury.

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Gozdas, Elveda, Hannah Fingerhut, Lauren Dacorro, Jennifer L. Bruno, and S. M. Hadi Hosseini. "Neurite Imaging Reveals Widespread Alterations in Gray and White Matter Neurite Morphology in Healthy Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment." Cerebral Cortex, July 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab180.

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Abstract Aging is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and affects neurite distributions throughout the brain, yet underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) now provide in vivo biophysical measurements that explain these biological processes in the cortex and white matter. In this study, neurite distributions were evaluated in the cortex and white matter in healthy older adults and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) that provides fundamental contributions regarding healthy aging and neurodegeneration. Older age was associated with reduced neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion (ODI) in widespread cortical regions. In contrast, increased ODI was only observed in the right thalamus and hippocampus with age. For the first time, we also reported a widespread age-associated decrease in neurite density along major white matter tracts correlated with decreased cortical neurite density in the tract endpoints in healthy older adults. We further examined alterations in cortical and white matter neurite microstructures in aMCI patients and found significant neurite morphology deficits in memory networks correlated with memory performance. Our findings indicate that neurite parameters provide valuable information regarding cortical and white matter microstructure and complement myeloarchitectural information in healthy aging and aMCI.

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