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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuroborrelios'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wössner, R., and J. Treib. "Neuroborreliose." Nervenheilkunde 29, no. 05 (2010): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1628768.

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ZusammenfassungIn Europa ist die Lyme-Borreliose die häufigste durch Zecken übertragene Erkrankung. Beim Erwachsenen ist die Meningoradikuloneuritis (Bannwarth-Syndrom) nach dem Erythema migrans die zweithäufigste Manifestation der akuten Borreliose. Zunächst können nächtlich betonte segmentale Schmerzen, zum Teil mit wechselnder Lokalisation auftreten. Weiterhin kann es zu Hirnnervenausfällen und anderen zentralen Manifestationen kommen. In späteren und chronischen Stadien kann eine Polyneuropathie oder Enzephalomyelitis auftreten. Die Behandlung der akuten Neuroborreliose erfolgt durch eine intravenöse antibiotische Therapie mit Cephalosporinen der dritten Generation oder Penizillin.

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2

Dersch, Rick, and Sebastian Rauer. "Neuroborreliose." Neurologie up2date 3, no. 03 (August 2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1011-6634.

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3

Kaiser, R., and V. Fingerle. "Neuroborreliose." Der Nervenarzt 80, no. 10 (June 19, 2009): 1239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-009-2788-z.

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4

Spreer, A., S. Rauer, H. Wilking, and V. Fingerle. "Herausforderung Neuroborreliose." Der Nervenarzt 87, no. 12 (November 15, 2016): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0224-8.

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5

Dersch, Rick, and Volker Fingerle. "Lyme-Borreliose und Neuroborreliose – Was ist neu?" DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 146, no. 11 (June 2021): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1265-4397.

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Was ist neu? Diagnostik Zellbasierte Verfahren (z. B. LTT, ELISPOT) sollten nicht für die Diagnosestellung einer Borreliose verwendet werden. Therapie Eine aktuelle randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie hat bestätigt, dass Doxycyclin- und Betalaktam-Antibiotika gleichwertig eingesetzt werden können. Es gibt keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich neurologischer Symptome nach Therapie und Nebenwirkungen. Dementsprechend wird in der S3-Leitlinie Neuroborreliose kein Präparat bevorzugt empfohlen. Prognose Mehreren Studien mit Patienten mit antibiotisch behandelter Neuroborreliose zeigen im Langzeitverlauf keine erhöhte Rate an Fatigue im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Ebenso findet sich für Lebensqualität, Depression und Kognition kein Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit Neuroborreliose nach Antibiotikatherapie und gesunden Kontrollpersonen im Langzeitverlauf. Prophylaxe Eine prophylaktische Antibiotikagabe nach Zeckenstich wird derzeit in Deutschland nicht empfohlen.

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6

Dunin-Wąsowicz, Dorota, Beata Kasztelewicz, Katarzyna Tomaszek, Alicja Pawińska, Janusz Książyk, Anna Wieteska-Klimczak, Elżbieta Jurkiewicz, and Katarzyna Dzierżanowska-Fangrat. "Lyme Neuroborreliosis (LNB) – Clinical and Diagnostic Difficulties." Child Neurology 26, no. 53 (2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20966/chn.2017.53.406.

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7

Dworzańska, Ewa, and Halina Bartosik-Psujek. "Neuroborreliosis." Reumatologia/Rheumatology 1 (2013): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/reum.2013.33397.

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8

Halperin, John J. "Neuroborreliosis." Neurologic Clinics 36, no. 4 (November 2018): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2018.06.006.

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9

Halperin, John J. "Neuroborreliosis." American Journal of Medicine 98, no. 4 (April 1995): 52S—59S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80044-8.

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10

Halperin, John J. "Neuroborreliosis." Journal of Neurology 264, no. 6 (November 24, 2016): 1292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8346-2.

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11

Kaiser, R. "Neuroborreliosis." Journal of Neurology 245, no. 5 (May 4, 1998): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050214.

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12

Scheerer, Cora, Rick Dersch, Hans-Iko Huppertz, and Heidelore Hofmann. "Lyme-Borreliose: Kutane und neurologische Manifestationen, Falldefinitionen und Therapie." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 145, no. 01 (January 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0793-4513.

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AbstractLyme borreliosis is the most common zoonosis in Germany with an incidence of up to 138/100 000. More than 90 % of all cases show dermatological manifestations. Early manifestations are erythema migrans, multiple erythemata migrantia, and (less frequently) borrelial lymphocytoma. A typical late manifestation is acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Lyme neuroborreliosis is much less common with an incidence of about 0.8/100 000 inhabitants in Germany. Bannwarth’s syndrome (painful radiculoneuritis) is the most common manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis in adults followed by meningitis. International case definitions exist regarding the likelihood of Lyme neuroborreliosis on the basis of diagnostic test results. A CSF analysis should be performed in patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis. The first line treatment for dermatological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis is doxycycline, in children and pregnant women amoxicillin. Doxycycline and beta-lactam antibiotics show similar efficacy regarding neurological symptoms and adverse effects for treatment of neurological manifestations. Treatment duration for early manifestations is 10 to 14 days, in Lyme neuroborreliosis it should not exceed 21 days. All manifestations, also Lyme neuroborreliosis, usually show a favourable prognosis after antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment does not show any efficacy in patients with unspecific symptoms and concurrent positive anti-borrelial serology.

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13

Almoussa, Mohamad, Angelika Goertzen, Barbara Fauser, and Christoph W. Zimmermann. "Stroke as an Unusual First Presentation of Lyme Disease." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/389081.

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Introduction. Lyme neuroborreliosis is a nervous system infection caused by spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferiwith diverse neurological complications. Stroke due to cerebral vasculitis is a rare consequence of neuroborreliosis and has been described in just a few case reports.Case Presentation. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old patient who presented with discrete left-sided hemiparesis and amnestic cognitive impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a thalamic infarct, and serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests confirmed the diagnosis of active neuroborreliosis. The antibiotic treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone for three weeks led to an improvement of the symptoms and remarkable regression of radiological findings, but not to full recovery of the amnestic cognitive disorder.Conclusion. Lyme neuroborreliosis should be suspected in patients with cerebrovascular events without obvious risk factors, especially those living in endemic areas such as northern Europe or those who have been exposed to ticks and those with clinical or radiological findings suggesting Lyme neuroborreliosis, in order to establish the diagnosis and start a proper antibiotic therapy.

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14

Wickström, Ronny, Åsa Fowler, Michel Goiny, Vincent Millischer, Sofia Ygberg, and Lilly Schwieler. "The Kynurenine Pathway is Differentially Activated in Children with Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Encephalitis." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020322.

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In children, tick-borne encephalitis and neuroborreliosis are common infections affecting the central nervous system. As inflammatory pathways including cytokine expression are activated in these children and appear to be of importance for outcome, we hypothesized that induction of the kynurenine pathway may be part of the pathophysiological mechanism. Inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid from 22 children with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), 34 children with neuroborreliosis (NB) and 6 children with no central nervous system infection. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid were increased in children with neuroborreliosis compared to the comparison group. A correlation was seen between expression of several cerebrospinal fluid cytokines and levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid in children with neuroborreliosis but not in children with tick-borne encephalitis. These findings demonstrate a strong induction of the kynurenine pathway in children with neuroborreliosis which differs from that seen in children with tick-borne encephalitis. The importance of brain kynurenic acid (KYNA) in both immune modulation and neurotransmission raises the possibility that abnormal levels of the compound in neuroborreliosis might be of importance for the pathophysiology of the disease. Drugs targeting the enzymes of this pathway may open the venue for novel therapeutic interventions.

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15

Dieterle, L., F. G. Kubina, Th Staudacher, and H. J. Büdingen. "Neuroborreliose oder Bandscheibenvorfall?" DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 114, no. 42 (March 25, 2008): 1602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1066802.

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16

Hopf, H. C. "Neuroborreliose: Welche Therapie?" Aktuelle Neurologie 17, no. 06 (December 1990): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1020570.

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17

Conrad, B., and A. Berthele. "Neues zur Neuroborreliose." Nervenheilkunde 22, no. 06 (2003): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624411.

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ZusammenfassungBorrelia burgdorferi verursacht eine Vielzahl klinisch gut charakterisierter Krankheitsbilder, die verschiedene Organsysteme betreffen. Im neurologischen Fachgebiet stellt die akute frische Neuroborreliose kein Problem dar; sie ist klinisch und liquoranalytisch meist sicher zu diagnostizieren und gut zu therapieren. In den letzten Jahren sind jedoch vermehrt Berichte in der Laienpresse und medizinischen Literatur erschienen, dass bei Patienten nach durchgemachter Borreliose relativ unspezifische Symptome auftreten können, die einer chronischen Form der Neuroborreliose entsprechen sollen. In diesem Artikel werden einige neuere Beiträge zu dieser Diskussion zusammengefasst sowie neue Erkenntnisse zur Postexpositionsprophylaxe und Borrelien-Impfung dargestellt.

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18

Oschmann, P., C. Hornig, and W. Dorndorf. "Die zerebrovaskuläre Neuroborreliose." Aktuelle Neurologie 20, no. 06 (December 1993): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1018023.

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19

Rzesnitzek, Lara, and Malek Bajbouj. "Schizophrenie und Neuroborreliose?" NeuroTransmitter 22, no. 2 (February 2011): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03363440.

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20

Blatz, R., H. J. Kühn, W. Hermann, M. Rytter, and A. C. Rodloff. "Neurosyphilis oder Neuroborreliose." Der Nervenarzt 76, no. 6 (June 2005): 724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1840-2.

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21

Christen, H. J., and H. Eiffert. "Neuroborreliose im Kindesalter." Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 167, no. 1 (January 2019): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00112-018-0627-7.

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22

Rupprecht, T. A., T. Birnbaum, and H. W. Pfister. "Schmerzen bei Neuroborreliose." Der Schmerz 22, no. 5 (August 9, 2008): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00482-008-0695-z.

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23

Rainer, Michael. "Demenz durch Neuroborreliose." Psychopraxis 14, no. 4 (June 2011): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00739-011-0304-2.

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24

Holbro and Conen. "Komatöser Zustand - think different." Praxis 101, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a000937.

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Wir berichten über eine 76-jährige Patientin, die sich mit dem Bild einer Meningoenzephalitis vorstellte. In der Liquorpunktion zeigte sich eine lymphozytäre Pleozytose. Trotz initial breiter empirischer antimikrobieller Therapie, entwickelte sich ein komatöser Zustand. Serologisch und molekularbiologisch konnte die Diagnose einer Neuroborreliose gestellt werden. Unter adäquater Therapie mit Ceftriaxon zeigte sich eine langsame jedoch vollständige Erholung. Dieser Fall zeigt eindrücklich, dass die Neuroborreliose eine ernsthafte, aber auch potenziell reversible Krankheit ist, die sorgfältiger Therapieentscheidungen bedarf.

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25

Cerar, T., K. Ogrinc, S. Lotrič-Furlan, J. Kobal, S. Levičnik-Stezinar, F. Strle, and E. Ružić-Sabljić. "Diagnostic Value of Cytokines and Chemokines in Lyme Neuroborreliosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 10 (August 14, 2013): 1578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00353-13.

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ABSTRACTThe aims of the present study were to assess the concentrations of different cytokines and chemokines in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and to identify the possible marker(s) that would enable a distinction between clinically evident and suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as between Lyme neuroborreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Our additional interest was to evaluate the relationship between cytokine and chemokine concentrations andBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoisolation from CSF, as well as intrathecal synthesis of specific borrelial antibodies. We found that higher concentrations of CXCL13 and lower concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum were associated with higher odds for clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis compared to suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as to TBE. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL13 in the CSF were higher in patients with evident Lyme neuroborreliosis than in those who were only suspected to have the disease. A comparison of CSF cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with and without intrathecal synthesis of specific borrelial antibodies revealed that CXCL13 CSF concentration is significantly associated with intrathecal synthesis of borrelial antibodies. A comparison of the cytokine and chemokine CSF concentrations in patients with clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis according to CSF culture results revealed that higher concentrations of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were associated with lower odds ofBorreliaisolation. Although several differences in the blood serum and CSF concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines between the groups were found, the distinctive power of the majority of these findings is low. Further research on well-defined groups of patients is needed to appraise the potential diagnostic usefulness of these concentrations.

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26

Moreno Legast, Gabriela, Armin Schnider, and Nicolas Nicastro. "Ischemic Stroke: Do Not Forget Lyme Neuroborreliosis." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1720725.

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Lyme neuroborreliosis is a rare cause of ischemic stroke; it has only been described in case reports and mostly in Europe. Diagnostic criteria have been proposed for Lyme neuroborreliosis but the association with a cerebral ischemic presentation is not always straightforward. We here describe the case of an 83-year-old man for whom we strongly suspect Lyme neuroborreliosis as the etiology of his stroke. This case reminds us of the importance of a thorough history taking (i.e., tick bite) and to perform the adequate ancillary tests accordingly (lumbar puncture) so as to propose validated treatment.

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27

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Lyme Neuroborreliosis." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 6, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-6-8-9.

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28

Halperin, John J. "Lyme Neuroborreliosis." CNS Drugs 14, no. 4 (October 2000): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200014040-00002.

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29

Eyselbergs, M., B. Tillemans, P. Pals, D. De Vuyst, and FM Vanhoenacker. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.294.

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30

Guy, E. C., and A. M. Turner. "SERONEGATIVE NEUROBORRELIOSIS." Lancet 333, no. 8635 (February 1989): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90037-8.

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31

Hansen, K., and A. M. Lebech. "LYME NEUROBORRELIOSIS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1992): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199201000-00028.

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32

Koedel, Uwe, and Hans-Walter Pfister. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 30, no. 1 (February 2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000332.

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33

Halperin, John J. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 32, no. 3 (June 2019): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000545.

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34

Haass, Anton. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Current Opinion in Neurology 11, no. 3 (June 1998): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199806000-00011.

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35

Halperin, John J. "Lyme Neuroborreliosis." Laboratory Medicine 21, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/21.5.310.

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36

Milovanovic, Aleksandar, J. Milovanovic, Sonja Obrenovic, Andjela Milovanovic, P. Simonovic, D. Cemerikic, Z. Tacevic, et al. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Acta veterinaria 61, no. 1 (2011): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/avb1101089m.

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37

Garcia-Monco, Juan Carlos, and Jorge L. Benach. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Annals of Neurology 37, no. 6 (June 1995): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410370602.

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38

Hobson, J., and M. W. Weatherall. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." BMJ 344, jun14 1 (June 14, 2012): e3250-e3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3250.

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39

Ferrís i Tortajada, Josep, Juan A. López-Andreu, José Salcedo-Vivó, and Jesús V. Sala-Lizárraga. "Relapsing Neuroborreliosis." European Neurology 36, no. 6 (1996): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000117301.

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40

Marques, Adriana R. "Lyme Neuroborreliosis." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 21 (December 2015): 1729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000000252.

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41

Prasad, A., and D. S. Younger. "Lyme neuroborreliosis." Drugs of Today 34, no. 6 (1998): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.1998.34.6.485251.

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42

Staub, Strozzi, and Aebi. "Lymphadenopathie und Absenzen." Praxis 96, no. 20 (May 1, 2007): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.96.20.815.

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Ein 67⁄12-jähriger Knabe präsentierte sich mit Allgemeinzustandsverschlechterung, Kopfschmerzen und nuchaler Lymphadenopathie seit mehreren Wochen zur weiteren Abklärung. Zusätzlich bestanden Episoden mit typischen Absenzen. Serologisch und mittels Liquoruntersuchung konnte eine Neuroborreliose nachgewiesen werden. Gleichzeitig zeigte der EEG-Befund eine typische Absenzen-Epilepsie. Nach Therapie mit Ceftriaxon i.v. für 14 Tage und Beginn einer antiepileptischen Therapie mit Ethosuximid trat eine schnelle Besserung des Zustandes ein. Die Absenzen-Epilepsie ist niemals vorher in der Literatur als Folge einer Neuroborreliose beschrieben worden. Wir gehen von einer Koinzidenz der beiden Entitäten aus.

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43

Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika, and Barbara Mroczko. "Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082927.

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Neuroborreliosis (NB) and neurosyphilis (NS) are abnormal conditions caused by spirochetal bacteria which affect the nervous system. Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis is determined by clinical examination of visible symptoms, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and serological detection of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Treponema pallidum, respectively. Establishing a diagnosis may sometimes pose a number of diagnostic difficulties. A potential role of chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) as an accurate diagnostic biomarker of intrathecal inflammation has been suggested. In this review, we focused on changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of chemokine ligand 13 in selected spirochetal neurological diseases neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis reported in the available literature. We performed an extensive search of the literature relevant to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It has been proven that CXCL13 determination can provide rapid information regarding central nervous system inflammation in patients with selected spirochetosis. We described that neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis are associated with an elevated CXCL13 concentration, mainly in the cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, literature data suggest that CXCL13 determination is the most interesting additional marker for diagnosis and monitoring of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis thanks to its high sensitivity. Based on these published findings, we suggest that CXCL13 has high diagnostic utility and may be applied in laboratory diagnostics as a potential diagnostic marker in human spirochetal neurologic diseases.

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44

Ogrinc, Katarina, and Vera Maraspin. "Nervous System Involvement in Lyme Borreliosis." Open Dermatology Journal 10, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874372201610010044.

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Lyme neuroborreliosis (involvement of the central and/or peripheral nervous system due to infection withB. burgdorferisensu lato) is the second most frequent manifestation of Lyme borreliosis in Europe, while it comprises the third most common expression of the disease in North America. Early Lyme neuroborreliosis, which is much better defined and far more common than late Lyme neuroborreliosis, is in Europe caused mainly byB. gariniiand comprises the classic triad of meningitis, radiculoneuritis and/or cranial neuropathy, while in American patients subacute meningitis with or without cranial neuropathy is the most common manifestation. Among chronic forms of European Lyme neuroborreliosis peripheral neuritis associated with acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans is most frequently observed. A reliable diagnosis of borrelial central nervous system infection requires demonstration of lymphocytic pleocytosis and the evidence of borrelial infection of the central nervous system, established by intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies and/or isolation ofBorreliaefrom the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment with oral doxycycline, or parenteral penicillin or third generation cephalosporins (most frequently ceftriaxone) for 2-4 weeks is efficient in the majority of patients..

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45

Li, Xena, Aaron Kirschner, Mary Metrie, and Mark Loeb. "Lyme neuroborreliosis presenting as spinal myoclonus." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 12 (December 2019): e233162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233162.

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Early neurological Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis) typically presents with well-recognised neurological syndromes. Spinal myoclonus is however a rare manifestation of neuroborreliosis. We present the case of a man who developed spinal myoclonus 3 weeks after returning from the Czech Republic where he developed erythema migrans on his arm following multiple tick exposures. Spinal fluid analysis showed a pleocytosis and MRI showed enhancement at C5-C6. His serology was positive for IgM antibodies to Borrelia afzelli. He was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and doxycycline with improvement of his spinal myoclonus and radiculitis. We conclude that early Lyme neuroborreliosis may present with uncommon neurological manifestations and so a high degree of suspicion is needed.

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46

Örgel, Anja, Till-Karsten Hauser, Thomas Nägele, and Marius Horger. "Neuritis bei Lyme-Neuroborreliose." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 189, no. 07 (June 26, 2017): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-104535.

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47

Fossaluzza, V. "La neuroborreliosi di Lyme." Neuroradiology Journal 5, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099200500114.

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48

Pfadenhauer, K., Th Schönsteiner, and M. Stöhr. "SEP-Befunde bei Neuroborreliose." Klinische Neurophysiologie 27, no. 01 (March 1996): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1060187.

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49

Müller, Thomas. "Chronische Erschöpfung statt Neuroborreliose." InFo Neurologie & Psychiatrie 19, no. 4 (April 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15005-017-2161-x.

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