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Dr.Raminder, Kaur Kathuriya, and Arijit Kumar Das Dr. "EFFECT OF LOWER LIMBS STRENGTHENING TO IMPROVE BALANCE IN COPD PATIENTS, RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL." VIMS Journal of Physical Therapy 1, no. 2 (2019): 99–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3753835.
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Background: COPD is a progressive disease associated with an amplified chronic inflammatory response to nox-ious particles or gases in the airways and lungs.It’s management includes Pulmonary Rehabilitation .But Pulmonary Rehabilitation stays confined to the rehabilitation of lungs , it does not include treatment for secondary impairments like balance problems in patients with COPD. Aim - To improve the balance of patients suffering from COPD by im-proving the peripheral muscle strength with the help of progressive resisted exercises in addition to regular pulmo-nary rehabilitation. Objectives- 1.To find, if there is any improvement of balance by using P.R.E of lower limbs along with pulmonary rehab in COPD patients.2.To identify whether balance improvement can be done by pulmo-nary rehab for COPD.3.To compare whether pulmonary rehab with P.R.E or pulmonary rehab alone is effective in improving balance in COPD patients. Methodology- 30 subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. They were then segregated into groups by simple randomization procedure i.e group A and group B. Bal-ance was then assessed with NeuroCom’s Balance Master of both the groups. Subjects of Group A received pulmo-nary rehabilitation with strengthening exercises for lower limbs according to De Lorme’s model for 3 weeks, where-as Group B received the regular pulmonary rehabilitation (for 3 weeks). After the treatment protocol was complet-ed, the balance was reassessed for both the groups with the help of NeuroCom’s Balance Master. Result and Conclu-sion-The The intergroup significance were calculated by using Wilcoxon signed rank test and intragroup signifi-cance was calculated by using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. On overall comparisons of treatment of group A and group B, group A showed significant improvement individually, but when compared with each other there was no statistically significant difference observed.
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Trajkov, Marija, Stevan Jovanović, and Dragana Kljajić. "Examination postural stability with Neurocom balance master platform." Zdravstvena zastita 44, no. 6 (2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1505053t.
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Fjeldstad, Cecilie, Gabriel Pardo, Christine Frederiksen, Debra Bemben, and Michael Bemben. "Assessment of Postural Balance in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 11, no. 1 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-11.1.1.
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Compromised postural balance is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Effective quantitative methods of assessing postural imbalance are needed to help clinicians evaluate progression of this impairment. The primary objective of this study was to compare postural balance in MS patients and healthy controls using a standard screening tool, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), as well as a more technically sophisticated device, the NeuroCom SMART Balance Master (NeuroCom International, Inc, Clackamas, OR). The study participants consisted of 14 individuals diagnosed with MS and 10 healthy controls. Each participant was assessed with the BBS and also underwent six different balance tests using the NeuroCom, most comprising several subcomponent measures. Assessment with the BBS showed significantly more postural instability in the MS group than in the control group (P < .05). Testing with the NeuroCom showed significantly more postural instability in the MS group than in the control group on two of the six tests (four specific balance measures) (P < .05). Moderate-to-high correlations (0.50–0.80) were found between the postural assessments using the standard BBS and the NeuroCom balance tests for the MS group. These results indicate that the BBS is an effective screening instrument for balance problems in people with MS.
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Naylor, Mary E., and William A. Romani. "Test-Retest Reliability of Three Dynamic Tests Obtained from Active Females Using the Neurocom Balance Master." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 4 (2006): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.4.326.
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Context:There is a growing need for objective measures of proprioception and balance in athletic females.Objective:To determine the intertester and intratester reliability of the Neurocom Balance Master (NBM) forward lunge (FL), step up and over (SUO), and step quick turn (SQT) tests on a young, healthy, female population.Design:Repeated measures design.Setting:University medical laboratory.Participants:15 young healthy female volunteers (height 155.1 cm ± 18.5 cm, mass 61.1 kg ± 7.3 kg, age 24.2 years ± 2.9 years).Measurements:The average of three trials on the FL, SUO, and SQT taken during each of three testing sessions on the NBM long force plate.Results:Inter and intratester reliability for the FL (ICC r = 0.71 to r = 0.93) and SQT (ICC r = 0.70 to r = 0.88) ranged from good to excellent while reliability for the SUO ranged from fair to excellent (ICC r = 0.59 to r = 0.92).Conclusions:The three NBM tests are reliable in healthy, young, physically active females.
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Patole, Khyati, Shilpa Khandare, Tushar J. Palekar, et al. "Comparing the Effect of Flat and High-Heel Footwears on Tandem Walk and Step-up/Over Test in Females by Using a Neurocom Balance Master." DPU's Journal of Ayurved, Homeopathy and Allied Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jahas.jahas_9_22.
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Abstract Aims: Footwear plays an important role in day-to-day life; their utilitarian purpose has been undermined by fashion. Furthermore, fashion has frequently dictated numerous design details, such as whether shoes have high heels or flat heels. The aim of this study is to compare female users who wear flat footwear vs. high heels using a dynamic weight-bearing activity test with a Neurocom Balance Master. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three females were screened, out of which 30 females participated in this study, 15 each divided into two groups. According to the inclusion criteria, 5 cm heel height and 0 cm flat heel users on a daily basis were included. Group A included high-heel footwear users and Group B included flat footwear users; they performed the tandem walk test and step-up/over test to measure their balance in dynamic activities on the Neurocom Balance Master. Results: Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilkinson test. The independent t test was used to find out the difference between the groups. Experimental results showed that compared with flat footwear users, high-heel footwear users show imbalance in the tandem walk test. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, there is a significant difference between high-heel female users and flat footwear female users in the tandem walk test, but no significant difference between high-heel female users and flat footwear female users in the step-up/over test.
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Pickerill, Marie L., and Rod A. Harter. "Validity and Reliability of Limits-of-Stability Testing: A Comparison of 2 Postural Stability Evaluation Devices." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 6 (2011): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.6.600.
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Context: A lack of published comparisons between measures from commercially available computerized posturography devices and the outcome measures used to define the limits of stability (LOS) makes meaningful interpretation of dynamic postural stability measures difficult. Objectives: To compare postural stability measures between and within devices to establish concurrent and construct validity and to determine test-retest reliability for LOS measures generated by the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master and the Biodex Balance System. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Controlled research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 23 healthy participants with no vestibular or visual disabilities or lower limb impairments. Intervention(s): The LOS were assessed during 2 laboratory test sessions 1 week apart. Main Outcome Measure(s): Three NeuroCom LOS variables (directional control, endpoint excursion, and movement velocity) and 2 Biodex LOS variables (directional control, test duration). Results: Test-retest reliability ranged from high to low across the 5 LOS measures (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,k] = 0.82 to 0.48). Pearson correlations revealed 4 significant relationships (P < .05) between and within the 2 computerized posturography devices (r = 0.42 to −0.65). Conclusions: Based on the wide range of intraclass correlation values we observed for the NeuroCom measures, clinicians and researchers alike should establish the reliability of LOS testing for their own clinics and laboratories. The low to moderate reliability outcomes observed for the Biodex measures were not of sufficient magnitude for us to recommend using the LOS measures from this system as the gold standard. The moderate Pearson interclass correlations we observed suggest that the Biodex and NeuroCom postural stability systems provided unique information. In this study of healthy participants, the concurrent and construct validity of the Biodex and NeuroCom LOS tests were not definitively established. We recommend that this study be repeated with a clinical population to further explore the matter.
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Shah, Kinjal, and Reema Joshi. "Ab. No. 70 Efficacy of Perturbation Training on Balance and Function in Older Individuals- An Experimental Study." Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists 8, no. 1 (2024): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jsip.jsip_abstract_33.
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Introduction: Aging involves decline in visual, vestibular and proprioceptive acuity associated with functional limitations and reduced motor function, disturbing balance and increasing risk of fall. The study evaluates the effect of perturbation training in older individuals with mild to moderate risk of fall and its effect on postural stability and balance. Perturbation training has been advocated as an effective intervention for re-educating proprioception and restoring normal neuromuscular coordination. Older adults can quickly adapt to large postural perturbations, altering their biomechanics and preventing falls. Methods: An experimental trial recruited 30 older individuals (65-85 years) with mild to moderate fall risk through purposive sampling. Participants underwent Perturbation Training with tilt-board and conventional balance exercises thrice weekly for four weeks (12 sessions). Modified-CTSIB test on NeuroCom Balance Master® and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test were taken at baseline and post-completion. Homogeneity of samples was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk’s Test of Normality. Dependent sample t-tests were employed to analyze group data, with means and standard deviations indicating statistical differences in pre and post outcome measures at 95% confidence interval. Results: Pre and post measures on TUG test and M-CTSIB test on NeuroCom Balance Master® shows statistically significant improvement in TUG values(p<0.0001*) and COG sway velocity in all conditions except on Firm surface with eyes open, with FIEO(p<0.1208), FIEC(p<0.0011*), FOEO(P<0.0013*), FOEC(p<0.0001*) and Composite COG sway velocity(p<0.0001*). Conclusion: Perturbation training coupled with conventional balance exercises, showed to be effective intervention to improve balance and postural control in older individuals. The study lacked follow-up, leaving room for future studies into continuity of exercises and retention of its effects. Implications: Given the effectiveness, the study suggests integrating perturbation training in geriatric rehabilitation protocol to enhance physical function, diminish fear of falling, and boost fall-related self-efficacy.
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Wallmann, Harvey W., Carrie B. Gillis, Patricia T. Alpert, and Sally K. Miller. "The Effect of a Senior Jazz Dance Class on Static Balance in Healthy Women Over 50 Years of Age: A Pilot Study." Biological Research For Nursing 10, no. 3 (2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800408322600.
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The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the impact of a senior jazz dance class on static balance for healthy women over 50 years of age using the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master System (Balance Master). A total of 12 healthy women aged 54—88 years completed a 15-week jazz dance class which they attended 1 time per week for 90 min per class. Balance data were collected using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) at baseline (pre), at 7 weeks (mid), and after 15 weeks (post). An equilibrium score measuring postural sway was calculated for each of six different conditions. The composite equilibrium score (all six conditions integrated to 1 score) was used as an overall measure of balance. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to compare the means of each participant's SOT composite equilibrium score in addition to the equilibrium score for each individual condition (1—6) across the 3 time points (pre, mid, post). There was a statistically significant difference among the means, p < .0005. Pairwise (Bonferroni) post hoc analyses revealed the following statistically significant findings for SOT composite equilibrium scores for the pre (67.33 + 10.43), mid (75.25 + 6.97), and post (79.00 + 4.97) measurements: premid (p = .008); prepost (p < .0005); midpost (p = .033). In addition, correlational statistics were used to determine any relationship between SOT scores and age. Results indicated that administration of a 15-week jazz dance class 1 time per week was beneficial in improving static balance as measured by the Balance Master SOT.
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McDaniel, D. Mike, Susan D. Motts, and Richard A. Neeley. "Effects of Bilateral Hearing Aid Use on Balance in Experienced Adult Hearing Aid Users." American Journal of Audiology 27, no. 1 (2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_aja-16-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the balance of experienced adult hearing aid users with and without their hearing aids via computerized posturography. Method Computerized posturography was accomplished by employing the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) on the NeuroCom Balance Master (Natus Medical Incorporated). The SOT assessed each participant's balance and the strategy used to maintain balance in 6 progressively challenging conditions. Twenty-two adults using bilateral at-the-ear hearing aids participated in the study. All participants completed all SOT protocols with and without their hearing aids. Results No statistically significant differences in participants' balance were identified regardless of the presence or absence of their hearing aids during the SOT. Conclusions These results failed to support previous research, which indicated that amplification of auditory input could benefit balance in individuals with hearing and balance disorders. Further research utilizing randomized controlled trials is needed to resolve the disparity between the current results and those of previous studies.
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Filipi, Mary L., M. Patricia Leuschen, Jessie Huisinga, et al. "Impact of Resistance Training on Balance and Gait in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 12, no. 1 (2010): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-12.1.6.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease whose symptoms are only partially relieved by pharmaceutical intervention. Disability due to this disease process can impede activities of daily living and decrease quality of life, both for MS patients and for their care partners and families. A nonrandomized, nonblinded prospective cohort study of 45 patients with MS was undertaken to investigate the impact of an exercise program emphasizing resistance training on balance and gait. This article presents data for the first 33 participants to complete the study protocol. The exercise program consisted of twice-weekly 50-minute sessions for 6 months. At 3 months and 6 months, statistically significant improvements (P &lt; .05) from baseline were observed for the following measures: Nine-Hole Peg Test, 2- and 3-second Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, NeuroCom Balance Master (NeuroCom International, Inc, Clackamas, OR), Timed Up and Go test, and Berg Balance Scale. Three-dimensional biomechanical gait analysis showed increased knee power generation during midstance and increased hip power generation during terminal stance. To determine whether individuals with varying levels of disability responded to exercise in a similar fashion, participants were divided into two subgroups based on Expanded Disability Status Scale score: little or no disability (EDSS score 1.0–4.0) and mild-to-moderate disability (EDSS score 4.5–6.5). No statistically significant differences in results were found. The results of this study indicate that participation in a resistance training program improves MS patients' ability to walk and to generate muscular forces during locomotion.
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Jang, Jaeho, Brian A. Knarr, Adam B. Rosen, and Christopher J. Burcal. "Visual reweighting using stroboscopic vision in healthy individuals." Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness 11 (August 12, 2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56980/jkw.v11i.106.
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Testing how individuals use visual information to maintain balance has been traditionally limited to two extreme conditions: eyes closed and eyes open. Stroboscopic glasses allow clinicians to control the amount of visual information that influences balance, varying between eyes open and closed. Seventeen uninjured participants completed the sensory organization test (SOT) under three visual conditions: full occlusion, high occlusion (i.e., 100ms transparent, 400ms opaque), and low occlusion (i.e., 100ms transparent, 100ms opaque). Equilibrium scores were calculated from the Neurocom Balance Master system during double-limb stance and the three-trial average from each condition and SOT was used for analysis. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the interaction between and within factors of vision (i.e., full occlusion, high occlusion, low occlusion, and no occlusion) and support surface (i.e., firm and sway). Increased visual occlusion negatively impacts balance on a firm surface and is amplified when somatosensory cues are unreliable. These findings highlight the importance of somatosensory cues as a guiding sensory modality for balance, especially when vision is occluded.
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Fong, Shirley S. M., X. Guo, Alice P. M. Cheung, et al. "Elder Chinese Martial Art Practitioners Have Higher Radial Bone Strength, Hand-Grip Strength, and Better Standing Balance Control." ISRN Rehabilitation 2013 (July 9, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/185090.
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This study explored the feasibility of using Ving Tsun (VT) martial art as a fall-prevention exercise for male seniors. We compared the radial bone strength, hand-grip strength, and standing balance control of senior VT practitioners and nonpractitioners under various sensory environments. Sixteen male VT practitioners (mean age ± SD: years) and 17 sex- and age-matched control adults (mean age ± SD: years) participated in the study. The bone strength of the distal radius, hand-grip strength, and standing balance control were assessed using an ultrasound bone sonometer, a Jamar dynamometer, and sensory organization test (SOT) on the NeuroCom Balance Master, respectively. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the outcome variables between the two groups. Results revealed that VT practitioners had significantly higher radial bone strength (-score) on the dominant side (), hand-grip strength (dominant side, ; nondominant side, ), and standing balance control (SOT composite equilibrium score, ) than the control participants. Male elder VT practitioners had higher radial bone strength, hand-grip strength, and better standing balance control than nonpractitioners. Our findings shed light on the use of VT exercise to prevent falls and fall-related fractures of the distal radius in male elders.
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Ben Achour Lebib, S., B. Missaoui, I. Miri, F. Z. Ben Salah, and C. Dziri. "Rôle du Neurocom Balance Master® dans l'évaluation des troubles de l'équilibre et du risque de chute chez le sujet âgé." Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique 49, no. 5 (2006): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.03.005.
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Sioud, Rim, Sofiene Amara, Sabri Gaied-Chortane, and Riadh Khalifa. "Impact of the Swimming Practice on the Postural Balance among Tunisian Athletes." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 4 (2023): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.104.14424.
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Our Study aims were to test the impact of swimming practice on the development of postural stability among Tunisian Athletes. The analyses deal with the impact of the practice of swimming on the postural balance. They clarify the various constraints that influence the control mechanisms involved in maintaining the balance in the resort standing. Our study addresses 20 same age category male subjects (senior) returned in: an experimental group (10 swimmers, belonging to the Tunisian national team) and a control (no sports group 10). For this study we used the Neurocom version 8.0.2 system: scale Master® consisting of a flat form of force connected to a string of data to measure the speed of oscillation of the center of pressure in strong support bipedal, eyes open on ground. The results obtained showed no direct effect of the swimming practice on postural stability of Tunisian athletes. In fact swimming poses the need to evolve in an environment different from that in which any subject has built his balance, his motor skills of every day, the latter two are insured through the muscles; so balance follows the permanent integration of information transmitted by three receiving systems: Visual, proprioceptive and vestibular.
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Coelho, Almir Resende, Júlia Licursi Lambertti Perobelli, Lilian Shizuka Sonobe, Renato Moraes, Camila Giacomo de Carneiro Barros, and Daniela Cristina Carvalho de Abreu. "Severe Dizziness Related to Postural Instability, Changes in Gait and Cognitive Skills in Patients with Chronic Peripheral Vestibulopathy." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 24, no. 01 (2019): e99-e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695025.
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Abstract Introduction Peripheral vestibular disorders can lead to cognitive deficits and are more common in elderly patients. Objective To evaluate and correlate cognitive, balance and gait aspects in elderly women with chronic peripheral vestibular dizziness, and to compare them with elderly women without vestibular disorders. Methods Twenty-two women presenting peripheral vestibular dizziness episodes for at least six months participated in the study. The individuals were categorized by dizziness severity level: moderate (n = 11) or severe (n = 11). The control group (n = 11) included women showing no vestibulopathy, light-headedness or dizziness. Cognitive assessments and semi-static and dynamic balance assessments were performed with the Balance Master (Neurocom International, Inc., Clackamas, OR), while the Dizziness Handicap Inventory provided a score for the severity of the symptoms. The groups were submitted to statistics of inference and correlation between cognitive, balance and stability variables. Results The group with severe dizziness showed higher sway speed of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior direction, smaller step length, and slower gait than the control group. Regarding the cognitive variables, the group with severe dizziness symptoms presented significant correlations with stability and gait variables. Conclusion The relationship between cognitive aspects, balance and gait was stronger in women with severe dizziness than in those with no vestibulopathy.
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Doan, Brandon, Jeff Pasley, Tiffany Rodriguez, Katherine Valencia, and Tim Tolbert. "Time-of-day influence on the stability Evaluation Test in college-age women." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (2018): S16.2—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550603.57988.cf.
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Postural control is impaired following a concussion and is 1 diagnostic method used by medical professionals for return-to-play decisions in potentially concussed athletes. Circadian rhythm (time-of-day) affects human function, including postural control. This research investigated time-of-day influence on 1 postural control diagnostic protocol, the Stability Evaluation Test (SET) on a Neurocom Balance Master. The Georgia Gwinnett College Institutional Review Board approved this research protocol. The research participants were 9 healthy women with an average age of 20.4 years, height of 165.8 cm, and weight of 65.3 kg. The participants completed the SET in the morning (between 7:00 am and 10:00 am) for 1 treatment and in the evening (between 3:00 pm and 7:00 pm) for the other treatment. A SET familiarization session was completed, and treatment order was randomized and balanced to attempt to account for order effects. Average postural sway velocity for each of the 6 SET conditions were compared between times of day. There was less postural sway during the morning testing for all conditions, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) for 2 of the more challenging balance conditions (Foam Double Leg and Foam Tandem) as well as for the overall SET composite score. While greater sample size, age and gender range are needed, these results may begin to inform practitioners as to the importance of controlling time-of-day between baseline and post-injury testing which may enable more accurate and reliable return-to-play decisions.
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McNabb, Colm, Tahere Reha, Julia Georgieva, Angela Jacques, Kevin Netto, and Andrew P. Lavender. "The Effect of Sub-Concussive Impacts during a Rugby Tackling Drill on Brain Function." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120960.
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Concussion is known to detrimentally affect brain health. Rugby tackles commonly occur with high collision force between tackler and ball carrier, and low impact head contact is not uncommon. Cognitive deficits following a bout of soccer ball heading has been attributed to the impact and termed sub-concussion. Although soccer ball heading studies provide evidence for acute effects of sub-concussion, it is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs following rugby tackles. This study investigates the acute effects of rugby tackles on brain function and balance in rugby players. Twenty-six volunteers were assigned to either the ball carrier (9), tackler (9) or control (8) group. Controls performed running without the tackle. Outcome measures included corticomotor function using transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) and balance was assessed by a series of tasks performed on a NeuroCom Balance Master before and immediately after a tackle training drill. Following the tackling bout, the cortical silent period (cSP) increased for the tacklers with no change for ball carrier and control groups, and no differences between groups for balance measures were observed. Lengthening of cSP observed in the tacklers following the bout has been reported in studies of concussion and may indicate long term detrimental effects.
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Geiger, Ruth Ann, Jeffery B. Allen, Joanne O'Keefe, and Ramona R. Hicks. "Balance and Mobility Following Stroke: Effects of Physical Therapy Interventions With and Without Biofeedback/Forceplate Training." Physical Therapy 81, no. 4 (2001): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.4.995.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Visual biofeedback/forceplate systems are often used for treatment of balance disorders. In this study, the researchers investigated whether the addition of visual biofeedback/forceplate training could enhance the effects of other physical therapy interventions on balance and mobility following stroke. Subjects. The study included a sample of convenience of 13 outpatients with hemiplegia who ranged in age from 30 to 77 years (X̄=60.4, SD=15.4) and were 15 to 538 days poststroke. Methods. Subjects were assigned randomly to either an experimental group or a control group when the study began, and their cognitive and visual-perceptual skills were tested by a psychologist. Subjects were also assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed “Up & Go” Test before and after 4 weeks of physical therapy. Both groups received physical therapy interventions designed to improve balance and mobility 2 to 3 times per week. The experimental group trained on the NeuroCom Balance Master for 15 minutes of each 50-minute treatment session. The control group received other physical therapy for 50 minutes. Results. Following intervention, both groups scored higher on the Berg Balance Scale and required less time to perform the Timed “Up & Go” Test. These improvements corresponded to increased independence of balance and mobility in the study population. However, a comparison of mean changes revealed no differences between groups. Discussion and Conclusion. Although both groups demonstrated improvement following 4 weeks of physical therapy interventions, no additional effects were found in the group that received visual biofeedback/forceplate training combined with other physical therapy.
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Subasi, Sevgi S., Nihal Gelecek, and Gazanfer Aksakoglu. "Effects of Different Warm-Up Periods on Knee Proprioception and Balance in Healthy Young Individuals." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 17, no. 2 (2008): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.17.2.186.
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Context:There is limited information on the effects of different warm-up periods on proprioception and balance in the context of injury prevention.Objective:To determine the effects of warm-up exercises on knee proprioception and balance and to compare the effectiveness of warming up periods.Design:Pretest/posttest.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:30 healthy subjects (19 women, 11 men; mean age 20.70 ± 0.99 years).Interventions:Exercise groups performed warm-up exercises (group 1, 5 minutes; group 2, 10 minutes). Joint Position Sense (JPS) was tested at 15°, 30°, and 60° knee flexion (KF) on a JPS device. Balance was measured using the Neurocom Balance Master System.Main Outcome Measures:JPS absolute error (AE) was measured at 15°, 30°, and 60° KF and postural control was measured.Results:After exercise, we found significant improvements for AE of JPSs of 30° right (R) KF, 15° left (L) KF, and 60° L KF in group 1. In group 2, AE of JPS values increased for all angles of both knees except 60° R KF. AE of JPS values of 15° R KF, 30° R KF, 15° L KF, 60° L KF were significantly different in group 2 compared with group 1. In balance measurements, there were significant improvements for standing on foam with eyes closed (EC) position, velocity and R-L unilateral stance EC in group 1. There were significant improvements for velocity, end point, maximum excursion, and L unilateral stance EC in group 2.Conclusions:Both warm-up periods have positive effects on knee proprioception and balance. The 10-minute warm-up exercise improved proprioception by a greater amount than the 5 minutes warm-up exercise.
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Freitas, Eduardo D. S., Christine Frederiksen, Ryan M. Miller, et al. "Acute and Chronic Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Balance, Postural Stability, and Mobility in Women With Multiple Sclerosis." Dose-Response 16, no. 4 (2018): 155932581881657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325818816577.
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The acute and chronic effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on balance, postural stability, and mobility were evaluated in 21 women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) randomly assigned to control (n = 9) or experimental (n = 12) groups. To assess acute responses, outcome variables were assessed before and immediately after a session of WBV (five 30-second bouts of vibration; frequency 30 Hz; amplitude 3 mm; 1-minute rest intervals) during their first visit (week 1) using field (Timed-Up and Go; 500-m walk; Berg Balance Scale) and laboratory tests (NeuroCom Balance Master and EquiTest System—Sensory Organization Test, Adaptation Test, Limits of Stability, Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration of Balance, Unilateral Stance, Tandem Walk, Step/Quick Turn). Acute responses were also measured after their fifth visit for only the Adaptation and Sensory Organization tests. For the chronic responses, participants were exposed to the WBV protocol once a week, for a total of 5 weeks, and then at week 5, were reassessed with the Adaptation and the Sensory Organization tests. Neither acute nor chronic exposure to the WBV protocols used in this study resulted in significant improvements ( P > .05) in balance, postural stability, or mobility as assessed by either field or laboratory tests. However, based on promising results from other studies that have used WBV with other clinical populations, either alone or in conjunction with exercise, additional studies that increase the dose of vibration exposure, both acutely and chronically, should be conducted in patients with MS.
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Resch, Jacob E., Bryson May, Phillip D. Tomporowski, and Michael S. Ferrara. "Balance Performance With a Cognitive Task: A Continuation of the Dual-Task Testing Paradigm." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 2 (2011): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.170.
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Abstract Context: To ensure that concussed athletes return to play safely, we need better methods of measuring concussion severity and monitoring concussion resolution. Objective: To develop a dual-task model that assesses postural stability and cognitive processing in concussed athletes. Design: Repeated measures study. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty healthy, college-aged students (10 men, 10 women; age = 20 ± 1.86 years, height = 173 ± 4.10 cm, mass = 71.83 + 35.77 kg). Intervention(s): Participants were tested individually in 2 sessions separated by 2 days. In one session, a balance task and a cognitive task were performed separately. In the other session, the balance and cognitive tasks were performed concurrently. The balance task consisted of 6 conditions of the Sensory Organization Test performed on the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master. The cognitive task consisted of an auditory switch task (3 trials per condition, 60 seconds per trial). Main Outcome Measure(s): For the balance test, scores for each Sensory Organization Test condition; the visual, vestibular, somatosensory, and visual-conflict subscores; and the composite balance score were calculated. For the cognitive task, response time and accuracy were measured. Results: Balance improved during 2 dual-task conditions: fixed support and fixed visual reference (t18 = −2.34, P &lt; .05) and fixed support and sway visual reference (t18 = −2.72, P = .014). Participants' response times were longer (F1,18 = 67.77, P &lt; .001, η2 = 0.79) and choice errors were more numerous under dual-task conditions than under single-task conditions (F1,18 = 5.58, P = .03, η2 = 0.24). However, differences were observed only during category-switch trials. Conclusions: Balance was either maintained or improved under dual-task conditions. Thus, postural control took priority over cognitive processing when the tasks were performed concurrently. Furthermore, dual-task conditions can isolate specific mental processes that may be useful for evaluating concussed individuals.
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Menz, Hylton B., Maria Auhl, and Shannon E. Munteanu. "Effects of Indoor Footwear on Balance and Gait Patterns in Community-Dwelling Older Women." Gerontology 63, no. 2 (2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448892.
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Background: Footwear worn indoors is generally less supportive than outdoor footwear and may increase the risk of falls. Objective: To evaluate balance ability and gait patterns in older women while wearing different styles of indoor footwear: a backless slipper and an enclosed slipper designed to optimise balance. Methods: Older women (n = 30) aged 65-83 years (mean 74.4, SD 5.6) performed a series of laboratory tests of balance ability (postural sway, limits of stability, and tandem walking, measured with the NeuroCom® Balance Master) and gait patterns (walking speed, cadence, and step length, measured with the GAITRite® walkway) while wearing (1) socks, (2) backless slippers with a soft sole, and (3) enclosed slippers with a firm sole and Velcro® fastening. Perceptions of the footwear were also documented using a structured questionnaire. Results: Significant overall effects of footwear were observed for postural sway, the limits of stability test (directional control), the tandem walk test (step width and end sway), and temporospatial gait patterns (walking speed, cadence, and step length). No footwear effects were observed for maximum excursion when performing the limits of stability test or for speed when performing the tandem walk test. Post hoc tests indicated that performances were best while wearing the enclosed slippers, intermediate with socks, and worst with backless slippers. The enclosed slippers were perceived to be more attractive, comfortable, and well fitted, but heavier than the backless slippers. Most participants (n = 23; 77%) reported that they would consider wearing the enclosed slippers to reduce their risk of falling. Conclusion: Indoor footwear with an enclosed heel, Velcro® fastening, and a firm sole optimises balance and gait compared to backless slippers, and is therefore recommended to reduce the risk of falling.
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Orendorz-Frączkowska, Krystyna, and Marzena Kubacka. "The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part I Postural control evaluation in modified Clinical Test for The Sensory Interaction on Balance in 6–17 old year children (mctsib)." Otolaryngologia Polska 74, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2965.
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Introduction: Proper development of postural control in children is connected with the maturation of the central nervous system, development of sensory organisation with appropriate use of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular information as well as reactions and postural strategy which allow the maintenance of balance in changeable environmental conditions. Developmental disturbances in this particular area is reflected in postural disfunctions and the assessment of these disfunctions and disturbances needs referring to normative values of the healthy population of children. Aim: Examination of postural control development in children aged 6–17 years. Material: 127 healthy children were tested (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6–17 years. Method: Laryngological investigation, medical history interview, audiometry and tympanometry were conducted in all children. In the evaluation of postural control (mCTSIB-modified Clinical Test For The Sensory Interaction On Balance) a computer posturography system was used (Balance Master Neurocom). R esults: Further development of postural control was found in healthy children up to the age of 13 years of age. The development was not linear but showed transient characteristics with a faster development stage between the age of 6–7 and 8–9. Better postural control in girls, particularly the youngest, in comparison with boys was noticed. C onclusions: 1. The values of norm postural control in posturographic test mCTSIB in children aged 6–17 was established. In this test postural control development was completed in children before 13 year and it was not linear. 2. Due to gender differences it seems appropriate to use separate norms in order to evaluate the development of postural control in boys and girls.
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Ozal, Cemil, Songul Aksoy, and Mintaze Kerem Gunel. "The effects of treadmill training on postural control and balance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: A cross-over controlled study." Neurology Asia 28, no. 2 (2023): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.54029/2023wye.
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Background & Objective: Treadmill training (TT) is used for several targets as in walking speed and endurance in rehabilitation programs of children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, its effects on postural stability have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of unsupported TT on postural control (PC) parameters and balance in children with spastic diplegic CP. Methods: Twelve children with CP, level I-II according to Gross-Motor-Function-Classification- System (GMFCS) were included. Participants were divided into two groups using randomized-sampling method. The study was designed as a cross-over study. In the first phase, the first group underwent routine physiotherapy-rehabilitation program (PTR) 3 sessions/week, 45 minutes per session, for 12 weeks. In the second group, 20 minutes of TT starting with 0.5 km/h speed, was added to the same PTR (n=6). At the end of 12 week, 4-week-long wash-out period was given. After this 4 weeks period, both groups crossed-over for another 12 weeks at the second phase of therapy. All tests was applied at baseline and at end of the first and second phases. PC was evaluated with Balance-Master computerized posturography (Neurocom Inc.) which consisted of tests of modified-clinical-sensory- balance-interaction (MCSBT), weight-shifting-in-standing (WSST), limits-of-stability (LoST) and rhythmic-weight-shifting (RWST). Results: The two groups were similar in age, body composition, GMFCS Levels and spasticity levels before the treatment and after the wash-period (p>0,05). After TT, there were significant improvements in PC parameters, MCSBT: composite-balance-score (p=0.02), center of gravity alignment (p=0.02); WSST: symmetry (p=0.03); LoST: backward weight-shifting (p=0,02), end point reaching (p=0.02-0.04), maximum-orientation (p=0.02-0.04); RWST: direction- control (p=0.02-0.04), on-axis-velocity (p=0.02-0.04). Conclusion: Including TT in PTR treatment program can enhance PC and balance in children with CP.
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da Silva, Marta Cristina Rodrigues, Deyse Borges Machado, Luis Mochizuki, et al. "Sensory Integration for Postural Control in Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (2023): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064702.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that impairs mobility. How does sensory information influence postural responses in people with RA? The aim of this study was to evaluate the postural control of people with RA during a sensory organization test, comparing how sensory information influences postural responses in people with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy people. Participants were 28 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) and 16 women without any rheumatoid disease (Control group CG). The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) was performed on a Smart Balance Master® (NeuroCom International, Inc., Clackamas, OR, USA) and center of pressure (COP) was measured. SOT conditions: SOT1 (eyes open, fixed support surface and surround; SOT2) eyes closed, fixed support surface and surround; and SOT5) eyes closed, sway-referenced support surface, and fixed surround. To compare the demographic and clinical aspects between groups, independent t-test or Mann–Whitney’s U-test were used. Differences were found between groups. Between SOT conditions, for CG and RA, COP was faster for SOT-5 than SOT-1, while SOT-1 and SOT-2 presented similar COP velocity. For SOT-2 and SOT-5, COP was larger for the RA group. For both groups, SOT-1 presented the smallest COP, and SOT-5 showed the largest COP.
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Araújo, Helmorany Nunes de, Felipe Augusto dos Santos Mendes, Caroline Echavarria Fortes, et al. "Dynamic and Static Postural Control in Volleyball Players with Transfemoral Amputation." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 1 (2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192501185649.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: A decrease in postural control and proprioception is a common result of lower limb amputation. However, postural control adaptation in Paralympic sitting volleyball players with lower limb amputation is not yet understood. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional controlled study was to investigate static and dynamic postural control in sitting volleyball players with unilateral transfemoral amputation. Methods: Sixteen subjects participated in the study, eight of whom were amputees with unilateral transfemoral amputation (amputee group: age: 33.5 ± 5.6 years, weight: 77.7 ± 5.3 kg, height: 179.4 ± 5.3 cm) and eight physically active non-amputees (control group age: 27.2 ± 8.4 years, weight: 82.7 ± 6.6 kg, height: 178.7 ± 6.1 cm). Static and dynamic postural control was evaluated using the Neurocom® Balance Master System platform (Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, Limits of Stability, Rhythmic Weight Shift, Sit-to-Stand, Walk Across, and Step and Quick Turn). Statistical analyses were performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and Student's t-test for paired samples (p <0.05). Results: The amputee group demonstrated impaired postural control in all tests when compared to the control group (p <.05) for all postural tests except for the rhythmic change and sit-to-stand tests (p >.05). Conclusion: Despite training in sitting volleyball, our results demonstrated that amputees have poorer postural control in both static and dynamic tasks when compared to physically active non-amputees. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic Studies—Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on Disease Outcome / Retrospectivef Study.
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Jayakaran, Prasath, Gillian M. Johnson, and S. John Sullivan. "Turning performance in persons with a dysvascular transtibial amputation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 1 (2013): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613485114.
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Background and aim: Turning is an inherent problem in all lower limb amputees and more so in older dysvascular amputees. This study aimed to compare the turning performance of dysvascular amputees with that of the traumatic amputees. Technique: Six dysvascular transtibial amputees (69.83 ± 6.3 years) and six traumatic transtibial amputees (68.3 ± 6.6 years) completed the Step Quick Turn test of the NeuroCom® Balance Master and the Timed Up and Go Test. The measures used for comparison were as follows: turn time and turn sway of Step Quick Turn test, turning 180° to both the prosthetic and sound side and time taken to complete the Timed Up and Go Test. Discussion: The Mann–Whitney U test demonstrated a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between the dysvascular and traumatic groups in turn sway to the prosthetic (70.7 ± 14.2 and 43.3 ± 9.7) and sound sides (72.5 ± 16.1 and 43.5 ± 8.2). Similar results were observed in turn time to the prosthetic (4.1 ± 1.4 and 1.7 ± 0.46) and sound sides (4.0 ± 1.3 and 2.1 ± 0.5). No significant difference was observed for the Timed Up and Go Test. Clinical relevance The observed differences suggest that dysvascular amputees are less able to adapt to the challenges associated with turning. More attention is required in the rehabilitation of dysvascular amputees in turning tasks particularly towards the prosthetic side.
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Appiah-Kubi, Kwadwo O., Evan Laing, and Masudul H. Imtiaz. "A Study Protocol to Evaluate the Effects of Vestibular Training on the Postural Control of Healthy Adults Using Virtual Reality." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 11937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311937.
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Postural instability is a common symptom of vestibular dysfunction due to an insult to the vestibular system. Vestibular rehabilitation is effective in decreasing dizziness and visual symptoms, and improving postural control through several mechanisms, including sensory reweighting. As part of the sensory reweighting mechanisms, vestibular activation training with headshake activities influences vestibular reflexes. However, combining challenging vestibular and postural tasks to facilitate more effective rehabilitation outcomes is underutilized. Our research goal is to develop a virtual reality vestibular rehabilitation method for vestibular-postural control in neurological populations with vestibular and/or sensorimotor control impairment. The NeuroCom® SMART Balance Master (Natus Medical Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA), which was used in a prior study, is expensive and bulky. Hence, a novel study protocol is established in this paper with the detailed objectives and pre-/post-intervention data analysis pipeline (ANOVA, t-test, post hoc analysis, etc.) involving modern off-the-shelf sensors and custom instrumentation (electromyography, electrooculography, video head impulse testing, force plates, and virtual reality headsets). It is expected that the training will significantly decrease vestibuloocular reflex gains and eye movement variability, as well as reweight the somatosensory ratio, finetune postural muscle activation, and consequently improve postural flexibility and produce a faster automatic postural response. The findings may have implications for the future development of vestibular rehabilitation protocols.
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Gencer Atalay, Kardelen, Özge Keniş Coşkun, Esra Giray, Osman Hakan Gündüz, and İlker Yağcı. "Assessment of the relationship between rectus femoris cross-sectional area and knee extension strength in the prosthesis users with transtibial amputation: A case-control study." Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 68, no. 2 (2022): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2022.7655.
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Objectives: This study aims to investigate cross-sectional area of the amputated-limb rectus femoris compared to the intact-limb and controls and to determine its correlation with functional strength and walking tests in prosthesis users with transtibial amputation. Patients and methods: Between October 2018 and April 2019, a total of 14 prosthesis users (12 males, 2 females; mean age: 47.1±16.2 years; range, 26 to 73 years) who met the inclusion criteria, and 14 age-, sex-, and dominancy-matched able-bodied controls (12 males, 2 females; mean age: 47.1±16.2 years; range, 26 to 73 years) were included in this case-control study. Cross-sectional area of rectus femoris (CSA-RF) was evaluated bilaterally by two independent examiners. Knee extension strength was measured bilaterally by using a handheld dynamometer. Functional strength and walking were assessed by Step-Up-Over and Walk-Across tests of the NeuroCom Balance Master® device. Results: The CSA-RF was found to be reduced in amputated-limb compared to the intact-limb and able-bodied controls (p<0.01). In the prosthesis users, the cross-sectional area difference between both limbs rectus femoris muscles was shown to be correlated with actual and functional knee extension strength, step length, and walking speed (p<0.05). Intra- and inter-observer reliability of CSA-RF on both sides were found to be good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.856-0.936). Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement of CSA-RF is a valid and reliable tool to assess the functional strength and walking in the prosthesis users with unilateral transtibial amputation.
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Kamble, Sanjivani, Parita Kothari, Pratiksha Kale, Jyoti Joshi, Aarti Kadam, and Tushar J. Palekar. "Effect of Backward Walking on Treadmill with Inclination in Individuals with Forward Head Posture: A Comparative Study." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 19, no. 3 (2024): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_92_22.
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Abstract Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural abnormalities found in undergraduates (18–30 years), with a prevalence rate of 73%. If the cervical spine is held in a protracted position, such as hyperextension of the upper cervical spine (C1-C3) and flexion of the lower cervical spine (C4-C7), it can cause changes in head posture, eventually leading to FHP. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of backward walking (BW) on the surface and on treadmill with inclination in individuals with FHP. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of surface BW and BW on treadmill with inclination on the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and gait outcomes in individuals with FHP. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two participants were recruited and randomly assigned to the surface BW group (n = 31) and BW on treadmill with inclination (n = 31). Participants fulfilled the pre- and postassessment with a 2 weeks (three times per week) intervention of BW in conjunction with conventional exercises. The CVA was measured using Markus Bader ruler software. Gait outcomes were assessed using Neurocom Balance Master, walk across component was selected. Results: The present study implemented statistical tests such as paired t-test and unpaired t-test for the recorded data. Conclusion: BW has shown a significant difference in the CVA and some components of gait outcomes in within the group analysis, whereas in between the group analysis, there is a significant difference in some gait outcomes.
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Darshana, Jain, Prabhu Sukhada, and Desai. Manasi. "EFFECTS OF FORWARD HEAD POSTURE ON POSTURAL BALANCE IN YOUNG ADULTS." June 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3355346.
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Forward head Posture is nowadays one of the most common postural problems. Forward head posture can lead to upper cross syndrome, shortening of muscular fibers around articulation atlanto occipitals and overstretching of muscles around these joints. This can cause shift of line of gravity more anteriorly causing balance disturbances. Therefore this study aims to find the effect of forward head posture on postural balance in young adults. Methodology: This study was conducted on 60 subjects which was divided into 2 groups i.e. control group individuals with the normal head posture & individuals with the forward head posture. Assessment of forward head posture was done by taking the lateral view images of students and markings of the craniovertebral angle were done with the help of Kinovea software. Balance was assessed using Limits of stability component on Neurocom Balance master. Result: In Limits of stability test for motor control ability assessment, the forward head group showed reduced motor control ability with significantly lower scores in all the five parameters. Forward head posture resulted in increase in reaction time, movement velocity, End point Excursion, Maximum excursion and Directional Control mainly in the Forward direction (left Forward, Right forward); Backward direction (Right back); left and Right directions respectively as per paired t test. (P<0.05) Conclusion: From the above study we conclude that Individuals with forward head posture showed decreased balancing ability as compared with normal head posture group.
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PERUCCA, Laura. "Normative Data for Static and Dynamic Posturography (NeuroCom EQUITEST and BALANCE MASTER) in Subjects Older Than 79yrs. ( EQUIOLD )." August 18, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5215848.
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The risk of fall rise with ageing and is huge after 85yrs becoming one of the major problems associated with aging. The computed dynamic posturographic EquiTest® System and Smart BalanceMaster by NeuroCom® International, Inc, Clackamas, OR, USA) provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the balance function through the description of the subject's center of gravity (COG) sway. Sensory Organization Test and Sensory Analysis norms are provided for age groups (20-59; 60-69; 70-79) up to 79yrs, whilst they lack in the international literature for subjects 80+yrs, nonetheless being necessary in the understanding of balance performance from a quantitative point of view. Subjects 80+yrs are evaluated with EquiTest® System and Smart BalanceMaster to provide mean values and normative data. In order to assess the reliability of the instrumental evaluation was repeated (T1) two weeks later (±2 days).
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Dummar, Max K., Michael S. Crowell, Will Pitt, et al. "The Convergent Validity of the SWAY Balance Application to Assess Postural Stability in Military Cadets Recovering from Concussion." International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 19, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.26603/001c.92234.
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Background Concussions are often accompanied by balance disturbances. Clinically accurate evaluation systems are often expensive, large, and inaccessible to most clinicians. The Sway Balance Mobile Application (SWAY) is an accessible method to quantify balance changes. Purpose To determine the known groups and convergent validity of the SWAY to assess balance after a concussion. Study Design Case-Control Study. Methods Twenty participants with acute concussion and twenty controls were recruited. At initial, one-week, and final return to activity (RTA) evaluations, all participants completed the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-5), and balance control measured by SWAY mBESS and NeuroCom Balance Master Sensory Organization Test (SOT). Mixed model ANOVAs were used to detect differences in SWAY mBESS and NeuroCom SOT scores with time (initial, one-week, final RTA) as the within-subjects factor and group (concussed, healthy) as the between-subjects factor. Spearman’s Rho correlations explored the associations between NeuroCom SOT scores, SWAY scores, SCAT-5 symptom scores, and time in days to final RTA. Results The sampled population was predominantly male and age (20 ± 1), and BMI differences were insignificant between groups. The SWAY did not detect differences between healthy and concussed participants and did not detect change over time [F(2,40) = .114, p = 0.89; F(2,40)= .276, p =0.60]. When assessing the relationship between the SWAY and the SOT, no correlation was found at any time point (r = -0.317 to -0.062, p > 0.05). Time to RTA demonstrated a moderate correlation with both SCAT-5 symptom severity score (r = .693, p < 0.01) and SCAT-5 total symptom score (r = .611, p < 0.01) at the one-week follow-up. Conclusion The SWAY mBESS does not appear to be a valid balance assessment for the concussed patient. The SWAY mBESS in patients with concussion failed to demonstrate convergent validity and did not demonstrate an ability to validate known groups. When assessing the time to final RTA, the one-week post-initial assessment SCAT-5 symptom severity and total scores may help determine the length of recovery in this population. Level of Evidence Level 3
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Sousa, Vanessa Patrícia Soares de, Alethéa Cury, Sara Estéfani Soares de Sousa, Silvia Oliveira Ribeiro, and Elizabel de Souza Ramalho Viana. "Association between sociodemographic, anthropometric variables, life habits and postural balance of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal, July 13, 2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2017.15.486.
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Background: Researchers have sought to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and life habits in maintaining the postural balance of specific populations. However, studies based on analyzing in detail the influence of these factors on this body function in pregnant women are scarce. Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic, obstetric, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics and changes in postural balance in pregnant women. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out from February 2012 to March 2015 at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The sample consisted of 263 pregnant women. Balance Master System® (NeuroCom, Clackamas, USA) was used for balance evaluation. The bivariate analysis was performed by applying the chi-square test (x2 ). Results: The results suggest that the absence of alterations in the variables related to static postural balance is associated with higher levels of education, higher income and age over 29 years (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.03). In addition, during the evaluation of the dynamic balance, it was verified that the absence of abnormalities is related to income higher than 4 minimum wages (x2 = 3.98, P = 0.04), while changes in lateral displacement were associated with lower body weight (up to 68 kg) (x2 = 12.2, P = 0.03). Conclusion: There is an association between sociodemographic characteristics, life habits and changes in the postural balance of pregnant women.
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Shiryaeva, Taisiya P., Denis M. Fedotov, Anatoliy V. Gribanov, Irina N. Krainova, Sergey F. Bagretsov, and Oksana S. Preminina. "Features Of The Relationship Between Postural Balance Indicators And Heart Rate Variability In Elderly Women With Falls Syndrome." Russian Open Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2024.0102.
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Objective — The goal of our study was to establish the relationship between the postural balance and heart rate variability (HRV) in elderly women with the falls syndrome. Material and Methods — The study was conducted on120 women aged 60-74 YO. The study group included women with the falls syndrome who experienced two or more falls during the year (n=60), while the comparison group consisted of women without falls (n=60). Postural balance assessment was performed via the computerized stabilometric complex Balance Master®, NeuroCom, Natus Medical, USA. The state of autonomic nervous system was assessed by cardiointervalography using the VNS-Spectrum computer appliance (Neurosoft, Russia). Results — The matrix of intersystem correlations between indicators of postural balance and HRV in women with the falls syndrome was characterized by a small number of statistically significant correlations (6.25%). Same was true for the control group (10.85%). The correlations were noted in the Sit to Stand, Tandem Walk, and Step Up and Over tests in elderly women with the falls syndrome, while in the control group, they were observed only in the Step Quick Turn test. Conclusion — Features of the relationship between postural balance indicators and HRV in elderly women with the falls syndrome were characterized by a worse coordination of intersystem interactions of HRV indicators with indicators of the performance quality of complex motor acts and power indicators of postural balance, as compared with the elderly women without falls syndrome.
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Yanardağ, Fisun. "Okulöncesi Otizmli Çocukların Postür ve Yürüyüş Özelliklerinin Akranları ile Karşılaştırılması." Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, January 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30720/ered.1396534.
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Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan okulöncesi çocukların postür ve yürüyüş bozukluklarını inceleyerek OSB’li olmayan akranlarıyla karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 15 OSB’li ve 10 OSB’li olmayan, 4-7 yaş arasında çocuk dahil edilmiştir. OSB’li çocukların otizmden etkilenme düzeyi Gilliam Otizm Derecelendirme Ölçeği (GARS-2) ile belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların uzamsal-zamansal yürüyüş özellikleri (yürüyüş hızı, kadens, adım ve çift adım uzunluğu, tek ve çift ayak destek yüzeyi, duruş ve sallanma fazı süresi ve ayak basma açıları) 8 metrelik elektronik yürüyüş parkurunda altı tekrar alınarak değerlendirilmiştir (GaitRite 739P). Ayrıca katılımcıların gözler açık, ayaktayken denge ve ağırlık merkezi ölçümleri bilgisayarlı dinamik postürografi (Smart Balance Master, NeuroCom) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırma ve kontrol grubu arasında yaş, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunlukları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p0,05). Yürüyüşün uzamsal-zamansal parametreleri bakımından araştırma ve kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p0,05). OSB’li çocuklar mediolateral yönde daha fazla salınım gösterse de bu fark anlamlı düzeyde değilken (p0,05), denge puanları akranlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur (p=0,026). Otizmden etkilenme derecesi ile denge ve yürüyüş puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p0,05). Tartışma: Otizmden etkilenen çocuklarda ortaya çıkabilecek yürüyüş ve denge gibi temel motor sorunların varlığını okulöncesi dönemde tespit etmek üzere bilgisayar temelli ölçümlerle objektif değerlendirmek erken müdahale için yararlı olup otizm semptomlarının daha yoğun olduğu çocuklarda muhtemel postür ve yürüyüş anormallikleri okul çağında takip edilmelidir.
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Teran-Wodzinski, Patricia, Douglas Haladay, Tuan Vu, et al. "Assessing gait, balance, and muscle strength among breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial." Trials 23, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06294-w.
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Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and understudied consequence of taxane chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. CIPN symptoms include numbness combined with tingling sensations, persistent shooting, stabbing, or burning pain even in the absence of painful stimuli, lower extremity muscle weakness, and impaired balance. CIPN symptoms often persist for a long time after completion of chemotherapy, causing significant loss of functional abilities and increased risk of falls. Persistent CIPN caused by taxanes represents a therapeutic challenge due to the limited treatment options. Resistance exercise has shown promising results; however, the effect of exercise on CIPN remains understudied. This study aims to assess the effects of exercise on gait, balance, and lower extremity muscle strength after a 16-week home-based exercise program compared to an educational attention control condition. Methods A sample of 312 women who completed taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer and have symptomatic neuropathy is recruited from a community-dwelling sample. Participants are randomized to either a 16-week Home-Based Physical Activity Intervention or an Educational Attention control group. The home-based intervention protocol consists of targeted lower extremity stretches, followed by 10 min each of gait/balance and 10 min of resistive training accessed by hyperlink or DVD. An Exercise Diary records quantitative exercise data. The gait assessment includes temporospatial parameters and lower extremity joint angles using APDM motion sensors. Participants’ balance is assessed using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) performed using a NeuroCom Balance Master. Isometric strength of hip, knee, and ankle flexor and extensor muscles is assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer, Biodex BX Advantage. In addition, we assess neuropathy symptoms using the FACT-Taxane Additional Concerns Subscale and nerve conduction velocity of the sural and peroneal nerve action potentials. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (prior to randomization) and 16 weeks. Discussion There are currently no evidence-based interventions that address the functional declines associated with CIPN. If successful, this program is simple and easy to implement in the standard of care for individuals with CIPN. Gait and balance training have the potential to reduce physical dysfunction associated with CIPN and reduce the burden of disease in cancer survivors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04621721. Registered on August 3, 2020. ClincialTrials.gov is a primary registry of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTEP) network and includes all items from the WHO Trial Registration data set in Trial registration.
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Lerma Lara, Sergio, Beatriz González Parada, Cristina Escolar Martínez, María Gómez Jiménez, Cristina García Casado, and Buenaventura Barba San ROmán. "Alteraciones del equilibrio y efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza en el equilibrio del adulto mayor." Journal of MOVE and Therapeutic Science 2, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37382/jomts.v2i2.35.
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Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativamente mediante posturografía la mejora en el equilibrio después de una intervención con ejercicio terapéutico basado en un programa de fuerza y resistencia muscular. Evaluar cambios en Kinesiofobia asociados a la intervención mediante la versión española de la Escala Tampa de Kinesiofobia (TSK-11SV).
 Material y métodos: Se reclutó una muestra de 15 mayores de 60 años en la Residencia Orphea de Aravaca, 13 mujeres y 2 hombres, a los que se realizaron pruebas de equilibrio con el Posturógrafo Basic Balance Master de Neurocom®:Modified Clinical Test for the Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), Limits of Stability (LOS) y Weigth and Bearing Squat (WBS). A todos los sujetos se les administró la TSK-11SV. Tras realizar un programa de ejercicio centrado en la mejora de la fuerza y resistencia durante cuatro semanas, se evaluaron los cambios en las variables registradas. Se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS Statistic ver 22.0 para Windows.
 Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los siguientes pares de variables pre y postintervención: Firme ojos abiertos (FirmOA: 0,018); Firme ojos cerrados (FirmOC: 0,025); Foam ojos cerrados (FoamOC: 0,004); Firme compuesto (FirmComp: 0,006); Velocidad de movimiento compuesto (MVLcomp: 0,001). Además se observaron diferencias significativas basadas en rangos positivos en el Foam ojos abiertos (FoamOA: 0,003). En la TSK-11SV se obtuvieron puntuaciones bajas en el pre: 23,00±5,74 y mejoría en el post: 15,26±10,33. Ambos valores fueron sugerentes de una kinesiofobia baja.
 Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que el programa de ejercicio de fuerza y resistencia tiene efectos directos sobre la mejora del equilibrio en el paciente mayor, sobre todo en los sistemas de aferencia y en la rapidez con que se ejecuta el movimiento dentro de los límites de estabilidad.
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Shiryaeva, Taisiya P., Denis M. Fedotov, Anatoliy V. Gribanov, Irina N. Deryabina, Irina N. Krainova, and Sergey F. Bagretsov. "Characterizing The State Of Heart Rate Autonomic Regulation And EEG In Elderly Women With Falls Syndrome." Russian Open Medical Journal 11, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0402.
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Objective — The goal of our study was to evaluate the contribution of the central and autonomic nervous systems to the maintenance of postural balance in the elderly. Material and Methods ― This study included 120 healthy women 60-74 YO living in the community. They were distributed among two subgroups: (1) fallers (n=60) and (2) non-fallers (n=60). Fallers had falls in the past 12 months, while non-fallers had none. Walk tests were performed using Balance Master® posturography machine (NeuroCom, Natus, USA). The state of the central nervous system was assessed by Geodesic 300 EEG system (GSN; Electrical Geodesics, Inc.; Eugene, OR, USA). The state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by the VNS-Spectrum (Neurosoft, Russia) via cardiointervalography. Results ― In Sit to Stand test, the postural sway velocity was higher (p=0.047) and the walking speed (p=0.008) in Tandem Walk test was lower in fallers, compared with non-fallers. The results of the Step Quick Turn test showed that the movement times of the left and right legs were longer for the fallers vs. non-fallers (p=0.044 and p=0.036, respectively), and postural sway values during turning left or right were higher in fallers as well (p=0.001 and p=0.003, correspondingly). At the same time, Step Up and Over test revealed that lift-up index values were higher in fallers vs. non-fallers (p=0.016). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the state of the autonomic nervous system. The absolute spectral power of the EEG was lower in the frontal region of the right hemisphere in the alpha and beta EEG bands in the study group, compared with the control. Conclusion ― A deterioration in the quality of performing complex motor actions and a decrease in postural control in elderly women with falls syndrome were which may have caused their postural instability. Our results confirmed the need for early assessment of the dynamic components of postural control to prevent the development of falls as a geriatric syndrome.
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Khisty, Abha, Zafar Azeem, and Tushar Palekar. "Virtual Reality for Hemiplegic Patients in Transforming Gait Recovery: An Experimental Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, February 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2025/76141.20652.
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Introduction: Stroke-induced gait disability is the most common neurological condition that leads to long-term disability. Therefore, it is essential to address the factors contributing to this disability factors to improve overall quality of life of stroke survivors. Despite extensive literature, hemiplegic gait rehabilitation remains a significant challenge for practicing physiotherapists. A comprehensive treatment plan customised for various deviations in temporal and spatial variables is crucial. Aim: To examine the add-on effect of Virtual Reality Training (VRT) combined with weight-bearing exercises on spatial parameters of gait, such as step width and step length, and temporal variables, including Center of Gravity (COG) sway velocity, reaction time, movement velocity and Limits of Stability (LOS). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. A six-week, pre-post experimental study was carried out on 30 ambulatory hemiplegic patients aged 25 to 60 years, with an episodes of a stroke at least 12 weeks, with spasticity of Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) <2, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) score less than 30, and normal cognition were included in the study. Patients with any contractures, peripheral artery diseases, history of cardiac failures or epilepsy, or any neurological surgeries were excluded. The study duration was from June 2024 to August 2024. Spatial and temporal variables of gait assessed by the Neurocom Balance Master, were primary outcome measures. Statistical analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0, with paired and unpaired t-tests used to test the statistically significant difference. Results: After a six-week intervention, a reduction in movement velocity during a heel strike from 1.2°/sec to 0.9°/second (p-value=0.02) was found, suggesting improved reciprocal control of agonist-antagonist muscle coordination. Other parameters for COG sway velocity, step width, and step length improved from 0.15 sec to 0.8 sec (p-value=0.04), from 25.8 cm to 15.2 cm (p-value=0.04), and from 29.7 cm to 32.5 cm (p-value=0.03), respectively. Measures of LOS in anteroposterior sway were reduced from 5° /second to 3.3° /second (p-value=0.02). Conclusion: The findings suggest that VRT combined with weight-bearing exercises can effectively adjunct traditional rehabilitation methods, aiding spatial and temporal variable gait issues in hemiplegic patients. Authors recommend adding VRT combined with weight-bearing exercises to manage post-stroke circumduction gait problems first-line.