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Books on the topic 'Neurologisk status'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Schappert, Susan M. Office visits to neurologists: United States, 1991-92. [Hyattsville, Md.] (6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville 20782): [U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1995.

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2

The legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern neurology in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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3

William, Black F., ed. The mental status examination in neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1985.

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4

William, Black F., ed. The mental status examination in neurology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co., 2000.

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5

Raymond Adams: A life of mind and muscle. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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6

Kane, Mallory. A Father's Sacrifice. Toronto, Ontario: Harlequin, 2007.

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7

Kim, Scott Y. H. Evaluation of capacity to consent to treatment and research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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8

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Neurologic Emergencies (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0023.

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The video in this chapter discusses neurologic emergencies, including the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation, subarachnoid haemorrhage (can be due to aneurysm, vascular malformation, or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and definition and management of status epilepticus.

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9

Laureno, Robert. Asymmetry. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0012.

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This chapter on “Asymmetry” examines the topic of normal neurological asymmetries and their implications for disease states. Neurologists encounter asymmetry daily. They regularly see asymmetry of pupil diameter, and alpha rhythm amplitude differences are frequently found between the right and left sides on a scalp recording. Not all of the asymmetries are important. However, neurologists must be aware of the anatomic asymmetries that occur. Within limited ranges, these asymmetries are “physiologic.” Asymptomatic developmental asymmetries can become important when disease is superimposed on congenital vascular variants. This chapter comprises discussion of several topics about central nervous system asymmetries and their importance to the neurologist.

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10

McBurney, John W., Ilene S. Ruhoy, and Andrew T. Weil, eds. Integrative Neurology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190051617.001.0001.

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Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in alternative methods of treatment for many diseases. Physicians have recognized the limitations in the conventional use of pharmaceuticals and surgical intervention. Integrative approaches to patient care combine evidence-based conventional care with the best of evidence-based alternative care. Neurologists, in particular, manage many patients who have difficult-to-treat symptoms and disorders and can greatly benefit from integrative medicine. Many neurologists in practice have been incorporating alternative means of treatment in conjunction with current standards of care and experiencing improved patient response and satisfaction. This text covers some of the more commonly seen disease states in neurology and discusses integrative approaches to treatment and management. It also addresses the importance of self-care for the neurologist as stress and burnout are problematic for neurologists, further impairing patient care and the critical patient–doctor relationship.

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11

Crum, Brian A., Eduardo E. Benarroch, and Robert D. Brown. Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0522.

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Primary care physicians need a good working knowledge of common and emergency neurologic disorders since they are often encountered in general clinical practice (about 10% of patients of primary care physicians in the United States have neurologic disorders, and about 25% of inpatients have a neurologic disorder as a primary or secondary problem). In the aging population, cerebrovascular disorders, dementias, and Parkinson disease are becoming more prevalent. Understanding a patient with neurologic disease depends on localizing the problem on the basis of the medical history and examination findings, considering a differential diagnosis, and correlating the clinical findings with abnormalities found on appropriate diagnostic testing.

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12

Misulis, Karl E., and E. Lee Murray. Mental Status Change. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0005.

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Disorders of mental status are among the most common reasons for neurologic consultation, second only to stroke in most institutions. Mental status change may be the reason for admission, or it may develop during hospitalization. Among the mental status changes defined and described here are confusional state, dementia, delirium, encephalopathy, amnesia, lethargy, persistent vegetative state, coma, and brain death.

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13

Jeziorski, Alison M. Drowning and Near Drowning. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0081.

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Drowning and near drowning are submersion injuries that are the fifth leading cause of unintentional death in the United States and the second leading cause of unintentional death in children under 14 years old. The lungs are the primary organ affected by a submersion event, however the resulting hypoxemia allows for a cascade of organ involvement. Several factors have been identified in determining survival and neurologic recovery, including submersion duration, temperature of water, initiation of bystander resuscitation, and initial neurologic exam. Treatment can be viewed as two-tiered: out-of-hospital and in-hospital resuscitation. Often, after a period of stabilization, patients may have a change in clinical status requiring escalation of care, therefore it is important to be mindful of even minor status changes. The importance of water safety and education of parents, children, and adolescents may decrease the likelihood of submersion injuries in the future.

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14

Drislane, Frank W., Susan T. Herman, and Peter W. Kaplan. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0021.

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The clinical presentation and encephalographic (EEG) findings of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can be complicated, making diagnosis difficult. There are generalized (e.g., absence status) and focal (e.g., aphasic status, complex partial status) forms. Some patients are responsive but have cognitive or other neurologic deficits; others are less responsive or even comatose. Increasingly, the diagnosis of NCSE is considered in intensive care unit patients. Here, without clinical signs of seizures such as convulsions, EEG is critical in diagnosis, but there is uncertainty about which EEG patterns represent seizures and which clinical situations and EEG patterns warrant aggressive treatment. Antiseizure medications are tailored to the NCSE type and the clinical condition. Treatment is often easier for NCSE, and the outcome better, than for convulsive SE, but this is not always true for critically ill patients with NCSE in the ICU, for whom continuous EEG monitoring is often crucial for diagnosis and management.

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15

Abou-Khalil, Bassel W., and Karl E. Misulis. Seizures and Epilepsy. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0019.

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Seizure evaluation and management is a core function of the hospital neurologist. Among the issues covered in the chapter are the presentation, diagnosis, and management of epilepsy and, status epilepticus.

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16

Drislane, Frank W., Susan T. Herman, and Peter W. Kaplan. Convulsive Status Epilepticus. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0020.

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Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a serious neurologic illness causing unresponsiveness, major physiologic disturbances, risk of injury and, if prolonged enough, neuronal damage. Causes are many, and the outcome often depends as much on the etiology as on the epileptic seizure itself. Several anti-seizure medications are used in treatment of GCSE, but some cases continue electrographically when clinical convulsions cease (nonconvulsive SE), and EEG is essential in their diagnosis. About 20% of cases become refractory to initial treatment, and the EEG becomes even more crucial in diagnosis and management. This chapter also covers other forms of SE with significant motor manifestations including: focal motor status (including epilepsia partialis continua); myoclonic status, which includes some relatively benign forms as well as some with a very poor prognosis; and clonic and tonic status. It reviews the many different EEG findings in those forms of status, and the use of EEG in their treatment and management, especially in prolonged cases.

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17

Laureno, Robert. At the Bedside. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0001.

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The chapter “At the Bedside” examines neurologic history-taking with special attention paid to the importance of clarifying the use of terms between physician and patient, the use of gestures and demonstration in eliciting accurate symptom recall, evaluating input from witnesses and family members, and observing patient demeanor and emotional status. The chapter also describes and evaluates popular neurologic examination methods with comments on quantification, selection, and appropriate application of various standardized tests. Helpful guidance on performing examinations of strength, sensory perception, mental status, and memory is also provided. The physician is encouraged to develop his or her own succinct, quickly applied, and easily replicated tests to aid in the diagnosis of neurologic disorders.

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18

Lee, Lorri A. Introduction to Acute Neurologic Events in the Perioperative Period. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0060.

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Anesthesiologists may encounter patients with a wide variety of acute neurologic events in the perioperative period at various stages in their workup, diagnosis, and treatment. The urgency of diagnosis, workup, and definitive treatment falls on a spectrum from minutes to days to weeks depending on the clinical scenario. This section deals primarily with the emergent and urgent acute neurologic events where time to treatment is paramount to a good neurological outcome. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of these neurologic conditions is essential for all anesthesia professionals in order to ensure optimal care delivery and outcomes for patients.

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19

Manners, Jody, Kiruba Dharaneeswaran, and Ruchira Jha. Approach to Acute Altered Mental Status and Seizures (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0007.

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Altered mental status (AMS) is a common presenting symptom or complication in hospitalized patients. The etiology of AMS includes potential primary neurologic entities as well as systemic disturbances such as infection, intoxication, or metabolic derangement. A systematic and rapid evaluation of potentially life threatening conditions is necessary to guide appropriate management. Seizures (particularly non-convulsive episodes) are an important cause of AMS frequently encountered in acutely ill patients with multiple medical comorbidities and need to be recognized and treated early to minimize morbidity and mortality. This chapter outlines an approach to the evaluation of acute altered mental status with an emphasis on seizure management.

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20

Nguyen, Kim-Phuong, and Chris D. Glover. Anesthetic Considerations for Scoliosis Repair. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0032.

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Scoliosis is an anatomical deformity caused by a lateral and rotational shift in the thoracolumbar spine. Surgical correction involves wide exposure of the spine for placement of stabilizing rods and can result in significant complications from excessive blood loss and neurologic impairments. These procedures require vigilance to acid-base status, hemodynamic fluctuations, coagulation, temperature maintenance, and neurologic monitoring from anesthesiologists. Other major anesthetic considerations discussed include maintaining the integrity of perfusion to the spinal cord, positioning concerns, optimal technique for neuromonitoring, and pain control in the perioperative period. This chapter presents a case study of a 14-year-old girl with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who presents for posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion from T4-L4 with autologous bone graft.

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21

Wilson, John W., and Lynn L. Estes. Central Nervous System Infections. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0089.

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•Clinical: The diagnosis of meningitis is suggested by the constellation of headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Some patients may also experience changes in mental status.•Radiology: Computed tomograms or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain may be indicated for immunocompromised patients and patients with papilledema or focal neurologic deficits. However, neuroimaging should not delay initiation of antimicrobial therapy....

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22

Kirshner, Howard S., and Karl E. Misulis. Cognitive Disorders. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0018.

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Dementia is usually evaluated and managed in the outpatient arena, but neurologists deal with hospitalized patients with dementia as an exacerbation of the mental status with concurrent illness or suspicion of dementia in a patient with hospital-acquired delirium. This chapter discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and management, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, of several of the most commonly seen cognitive disorders.

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23

Laureno, Robert. Raymond Adams: A Life of Mind and Muscle. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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24

Cummings, Jeffrey, and Kate Zhong. Promise and Challenges in Drug Development and Assessment for Cognitive Enhancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0001.

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Cognitive disturbances are ubiquitous in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia, depression, developmental disorders, acquired brain disorders (traumatic brain injury and stroke), and neurodegenerative disorders all have cognitive impairment as a manifestation. Cognitive enhancers can improve intellectual function and have been approved for Alzheimer’s dementia, dementia of Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive enhancers are being developed for other cognitive disorders. There are many advantages for development of symptomatic cognitive enhancers compared to disease-modifying agents. Cognitive enhancers typically modulate transmitter systems. Cross-disease phenotypes such as executive function impairment may represent a development strategy for cognitive enhancing agents. Life cycle management strategies for cognitive enhancers include expanding indications to disorders with related pathophysiology or to different stages of disease severity and development of alternate formulations. Cognitive enhancers can restore essential cognitive capability and are a critical element of optimal care of patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

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25

Choi, Judy M., and Ja-Hong Kim. Management of Urinary and Bowel Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0015.

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Bladder and bowel dysfunction caused by multiple sclerosis is common and can cause considerable distress to a patient’s quality of life. Voiding dysfunction may comprise the initial presenting symptom in up to 15% of patients with multiple sclerosis, usually in the form of acute urinary retention or new-onset urinary urgency and frequency. The severity of the dysfunction and impact on daily activities are closely related to the patient’s general neurologic disability. Effective management options should be based on the patient’s overall functional status. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive algorithm for the diagnosis and management of urinary and bowel symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.

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26

Robb, Jessica F., and Lawrence M. Samkoff. Immunomodulatory Agents for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0025.

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The treatment of multiple sclerosis has become much more complicated with the development of new oral and other disease-modifying therapies (DMT) that have been added to the formulary of older injectables and natalizumab. To date, twelve medications have been approved in the United States for use in cases of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurologists managing patients with multiple sclerosis must integrate numerous variables when selecting the appropriate agent for each individual. This chapter presents an overview of the DMTs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for multiple sclerosis and suggests a therapeutic algorithm to aid in choosing among these medications.

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27

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Fluid Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0014.

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Administration of intravenous fluids for maintenance and the more consequential fluid resuscitation are common therapeutic interventions in the neurosciences intensive care unit. Intravenous fluids are provided to ensure adequate hydration because acutely ill neurologic patients often cannot swallow safely. There is a reason to use certain types of fluids and certain measures to maintain an adequate fluid balance specifically in patients admitted to the neurosciences ICU. This chapter covers the regulation of fluid status and the effect of certain fluids on intravascular volume. Daily fluid requirements and the best methods of resuscitation are discussed. The chapter also outlines fluid solutions and the infusion rate associated with different techniques. The side effects of large-volume resuscitation are emphasized.

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28

Vigil, Karen J. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0044.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common in HIV-infected patients. Education and counseling on changes in sexual behaviors of patients with STDs and their sexual partners, identification of asymptomatic infection, and effective diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstone for prevention. HIV-infected patients with syphilis should have a detailed neurologic examination. Penicillin is the treatment of choice for syphilis. Gonococcal infection is an important cause of urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, and proctitis in HIV-infected sexually active patients. Dual therapy for gonorrhea and chlamydia is recommended. Most Chlamydia trachomatis infections are asymptomatic and thus detected only by routine, periodic screening. Human papillomavirus is the most common STD in the United States.

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29

Tollefson, Trenton, and Lynn Liu. Pregnancy and Epilepsy. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0020.

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Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurologic disorder behind migraine, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) data estimates about 3.4 million people in the United States have active epilepsy. Approximately 1 million women of childbearing age in the United States have epilepsy, and about 2 to 5 infants of 1000 pregnancies are born to mothers with epilepsy. Therefore, providers should consider additional aspects of epilepsy care unique to women with epilepsy (WWE) of childbearing age such as planning for and care during pregnancy; concern how epilepsy may affect pregnancy and how pregnancy may impact seizure control. Fortunately, more than 90% of pregnant WWE will give birth to healthy infants. Providers should maintain these important items in mind when caring for a WWE of child-bearing age. This chapter focuses on the effects of pregnancy on seizures and the effects of seizures on pregnancy in pregnant WWE.

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30

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs Used in Neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0020.

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Neurologic rehabilitation arguably starts in the neurosciences intensive care unit. Specialized care is often needed in acute spinal cord injury, particularly if long-term care appears imminent. Much of neurorehabilitation is done without pharmaceuticals, but good options are available in patients with persistent disorders of consciousness, spasticity, and early depression after stroke. Disorders of consciousness are major concerns in neurorehabilitation centers because they obviate traditional rehabilitation programs. Improvement can be achieved with a neurostimulant which would improve attention span to therapy This chapter discusses dopaminergic agents and other neurostimulants for disorders of consciousness and long-term drugs for spasticity to improve outcomes.

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31

Smith, Zach. Lyme Disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0050.

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Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi that causes a range of symptoms, including rash, constitutional symptoms, arthritis, and neurologic or cardiac abnormalities. LD presents in three stages: primary, early disseminated, and tertiary disseminated. Each stage is highly variable in onset and presentation, and symptoms may manifest across multiple stages. Patients with early stages of LD are often seronegative, so the decision to treat is clinical. A history of a tick bite plus EM is a clear indication for antibiotics; early antibiotics may reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. A vaccine is not available at this time, and LD is not transmitted through people, food, water, or blood; however, B. Burgdorferi has been identified living in stored donated blood. If acquired during pregnancy, LD can be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus; after treatment, no known harm to the fetus has been identified.

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32

Katirji, Bashar. Case 7. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0011.

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Diabetic amyotrophy is a relatively uncommon neurological complication of diabetes mellitus. However, the disorder is often not recognized by internists and neurologists and misdiagnosed as myopathy, radiculopathy, or peripheral polyneuropathy. The discussion starts by outlining the classification of the diabetic neuropathies. This case highlights the classical clinical presentation of diabetic amyotrophy, also referred to as diabetic polyradiculoplexopathy or subacute diabetic neuropathy, in a man with pain in the anterior thigh and knee followed by thigh and hip weakness. It also emphasizes the electrodiagnostic findings including the subacute needle electromyography changes and stresses the frequent coexistence of diabetic amyotrophy with the more common distal peripheral polyneuropathy in the majority of patients.

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33

Lim, Joanna C., Catherine Goodhue, Elizabeth Cleek, Erik R. Barthel, Barbara Gaines, and Jeffrey S. Upperman. Pediatric Trauma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0019.

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Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children 1 through 14 years old. This chapter includes key information focusing on initial evaluation, triage, and stabilization of children with blunt and penetrating trauma as well as burns (and the “rule of 9s”). The authors discuss specific injuries, including those to the head (traumatic brain injury), thorax, and abdomen; genitourinary area; and orthopedic/long-bone and nonaccidental trauma. Caring for injured children is best performed using advanced trauma life support protocols during the initial assessment. Protocol-driven examination, regardless of injury mechanism, ensures clinicians consider life-threatening injuries in an orderly fashion, starting with the primary survey and moving on to the secondary survey and definitive care. After injuries are identified, priorities shift toward involving the necessary specialists. Key mnemonics in trauma care are explained: the ABCDE initial evaluation, the AMPLE history, and the AVPU categorization of neurologic status.

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34

Klein, Reva B. Aggression and Violence in the Elderly. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.26.

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Aggression and violence are often overlooked in the aging population. Changes in personality, behavior, and mood are well known in psychiatric disorders, but they are also seen in neurologic conditions, often where there is alteration in brain chemistry, as in metabolic disorders; or alteration in brain structure, as in degenerative disorders, strokes, subdural hematomas, and tumors; or with alteration in brain function, as in epileptic and nonconvulsive status. This chapter provides an overview of specific behaviors, the underlying neurochemistry and pathophysiology behind specific disorders, and some treatment approaches. The consequences of unrecognized and untreated behavioral changes in the elderly can have dire consequences on quality of life—for example, leading to early institutionalization. Regular follow-up that includes questions about behavior would allow for early work-up and treatment to prevent out-of-control escalation. Family education, support, caregiver relief, and prevention of complications can go a long way in improving the quality of life for patients and their families.

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35

Zito, V. M. The return man. 2012.

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36

Donaghy, Michael, and Martin Rossor. Psychologically determined disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0153.

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Neurologists frequently see patients with symptoms or inconsistent signs that are not explicable in terms of any recognized neurological disease process. Often it is clear that such symptoms and signs are being manufactured psychologically, either consciously or, more often, by an unconscious process. Such patients are frequently polysymptomatic, and may have a long history of consulting other specialists, particularly abdominal, dental, gynaecological, and otorhinological surgeons. They run the risk of developing secondary abnormalities induced by surgical and other invasive procedures. Psychologically determined symptoms are a very common cause of neurological out-patient referral. Of those with psychogenic disorders, pain is the commonest symptom, followed by motor symptoms, gait disturbances, dizziness, blackouts, sensory symptoms, and visual dysfunction (Lempert et al. 1990). Depressive and anxiety disorders are twice as common in those with psychologically determined disorders and those with emotional disorders have a greater number of somatic symptoms but are unenthusiastic about psychiatric treatment.Clinical syndromes including Briquet’s syndrome, hypochondriasis, conversion disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and pain disorders are explained and described. The presentation and characteristics of malingering (a process of deliberate deceit, in which symptoms are fabricated) is described, including Munchausen’s syndrome.In addition, associated psychiatric states and the symptoms and physical signs of psychologically determined disorders are discussed. Finally, the management and prognosis of psychologically determined states are outlined.

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37

Tolchin, Benjamin, and Gaston Baslet. Readiness to Start Treatment and Obstacles to Adherence. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0013.

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Effective evidence-based psychotherapeutic regimens for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are available, but several obstacles still contribute to poor adherence to treatment. This chapter reviews the three stages at which patient dropout tends to occur in clinical practice and in studies. Patient-related, provider-related, and systemic causes of nonadherence are reviewed. Patient-related factors include a failure to accept or understand the diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidities, and ambivalence about change. Provider-related and systemic factors include a shortage of behavioral health specialists, gaps in care between neurologists and mental health providers, a lack of familiarity with the disorder, and stigmatization of patients. The chapter concludes with a review of potential interventions to address obstacles to treatment, including an integrated treatment team with joint presentation of the diagnosis, rapid and streamlined transition into psychotherapy, motivational interviewing, and engagement of patients’ family members and support systems.

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38

Murrey, Gregory J. The Forensic Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Handbook for Clinicians and Attorneys. CRC, 2000.

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39

1960-, Murrey Gregory J., ed. The forensic evaluation of traumatic brain injury: A handbook for clinicians and attorneys. Boca Raton: CRC, 2000.

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40

Ph.D., Gregory Murrey (Editor) and Ph.D., M.D, Donald Starzinski (Editor), eds. The Forensic Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Handbook for Clinicians and Attorneys, Second Edition. 2nd ed. CRC, 2007.

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41

1960-, Murrey Gregory J., and Starzinski Donald, eds. The forensic evaluation of traumatic brain injury: A handbook for clinicians and attorneys. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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42

Giesser, Barbara S., ed. Primer on Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.001.0001.

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Primer on Multiple Sclerosis, second edition is designed to be a practical guide to the basic science and clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. It is intended primarily for neurologists and other health care professionals who treat persons with this disease. The book starts with a review of the history of multiple sclerosis and the basic genetics, immunology, electrophysiology, and pathophysiology that are central to the disease. It then reviews the common and uncommon clinical signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis and the management of these conditions. The latest diagnostic strategies are presented. There is extensive coverage of approved and experimental disease-modifying therapies, including algorithms to assist clincians in choosing these therapies. Complementary and alternative therapies that are popular among persons with multiple sclerosis are examined. New additions to this edition include a chapter for nursing health care professionals, and updates on therapeutics. Unique to this book are the chapters on the legal, psychosocial, and vocational issues that often present challenges for person with multiple sclerosis, topics that typically are not covered in standard texts.

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43

Kane, Mallory. A Father's Sacrifice (Harlequin Intrigue Series). Harlequin, 2007.

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44

Clebone, Anna, Joshua H. Finkle, Barbara K. Burian, Keith J. Ruskin, and Barbara K. Burian, eds. Ultrasound Guided Procedures and Radiologic Imaging for Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190081416.001.0001.

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Ultrasound Guided Procedures and Radiologic Imaging for Pediatric Anesthesiologists is intended as a ready resource for both experts and novices. It will be useful to those with extensive training and experience as well as beginners and those with distant experience or training. A wealth of knowledge in the human factors of procedure design and use has been applied throughout to ensure that desired information can be easily located, that steps are clearly identified and comprehensible, and that additional information of high relevance to procedure completion is co-located and salient. This book begins with the basics but quickly progresses to advanced skill sets. It is divided into four parts. Part I starts with a primer on ultrasound machine functionality as well as procedural chapters on lung ultrasound to detect a mainstem intubation or pneumothorax and gastric ultrasound to assess gastric contents in incompletely fasted patients. Part II covers ultrasound guided peripheral intravenous line placement through the incremental advancement method, ultrasound guided arterial line placement, and ultrasound guided central line placement. Part III details several ultrasound guided regional anesthesia techniques. Part IV covers radiology of the pediatric airway and mediastinum, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems.

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45

Glannon, Walter. Psychiatric Neuroethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758853.001.0001.

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This book is an analysis and discussion of questions at the intersection of psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy, and law that have arisen from advances in psychiatric research and clinical psychiatric practice in the last 30 years. Are psychiatric disorders diseases of the brain, caused by dysfunctional neural circuits and neurotransmitters? What role do genes, neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions, and a person’s response to the environment play in the development of these disorders? How do different explanations of the etiology and pathophysiology of mental illness influence diagnosis, prognosis, and decisions about treatment? How do psychiatric disorders affect consciousness and agency? Could the presumed salutary effects of neural interventions for pathological thought and behavior change one’s mental states in undesirable ways? What are the social justice issues regarding access to treatment and experimental and innovative interventions for treatment-refractory conditions? What are the obligations of clinicians and researchers to patients and research subjects in psychiatry? Could the interests of society in preventing recidivism and public harm override the cognitive liberty of criminal offenders with a psychiatric disorder to refuse a therapeutic intervention in the brain? Would it be rational for a person with a chronic treatment-resistant disorder to request euthanasia or assisted suicide to end his suffering? Could psychiatric disorders be predicted and prevented? The book examines these questions in a comprehensive, systematic, and thematically integrated way. It is written for a multidisciplinary audience, including psychiatrists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, philosophers, psychologists, legal theorists, and informed lay readers.

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46

Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.001.0001.

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Thrombotic disorders of the circulatory system represent the leading cause of morbidity, motality, and health care expenditure in the United States. Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy provides a practical, evidence-based approach to the management of thrombotic disorders for all clinicians involved in the care of patients with these disorders. It provides not only vital conceptual information on fibrinolytic and antithrombotic therapy, but also the means to apply it to everyday decision making and patient care. Focusing on managment guidelines and critical pathways, the text stresses practicality and usability. It will be a valuable resource for the wide range of clinicians involved in the care of patients with these disorders, including cardiologists, emergency physicians, primary care physicians, hematologists, neurologists, intensivists, pharmacists, and nurse practitioners. The origins of mammalian blood coagulation can be traced back over 400 million years. Despite its long history, it is only within the past century that this complex and pivotal teleologic system has begun to be understood. Most recently, the intricacies of hemostasis and pahtologic thrombosis have come to light, leading the way toward new, more effective, and safer treatment modalities. The Second Edition of Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy, even more concise and clinically relevant than the First, provides vital, evidence-based information on management of patients with arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. Since the First Edition, the text has been expanded to cover the evolving topics of atherothrombosis, thrombocardiology, hematologic/thrombophilic conditions, and vascular medicine. It includes up-to-date guidelines for antithrombotic and fibrinolytic therapy, and offers concise summaries of current "standards of care." Chapters are dedicated to discussions of patient-specific therapeutics and to the importance of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in defining genotype-phenotype relationships, while throughout the book coagulation, inflammation, and vascular medicine are newly examined as elements in an intricatley-linked triad of biochemical and cellular based phenomenology.

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47

Prechtl's Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements in Preterm, Term and Young Infants. Mac Keith Press, 2008.

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48

Prechtl, Heinz F. R., Christa Einspieler, Arend F. Bos, Fabrizio Ferrari, and Giovanni Cioni. Prechtl's Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements in Preterm, Term and Young Infants (Clinics in Developmental Medicine (Mac Keith Press)). MacKeith Press, 2005.

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49

Christa, Einspieler, and Prechtl Heinz F. R, eds. Prechtl's method on the qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants. London: Mac Keith Press, 2004.

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50

1955-, Cohen Ronald A., and Gunstad John 1975-, eds. Neuropsychology and cardiovascular disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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