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Books on the topic 'Neuron activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lowe, Michael R. Perturbing the impulse activity of a single identified neuron augments the formation of long-term memory in a molluscan semi-intact preparation. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2004.

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2

Brette, Romain, and Alain Destexhe. Handbook of neural activity measurement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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3

Brette, Romain, and Alain Destexhe, eds. Handbook of Neural Activity Measurement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511979958.

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4

Gomez-Pilar, Javier. Characterization of Neural Activity Using Complex Network Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49900-6.

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5

Neural activity and the growth of the brain. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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6

Brain dynamics: Synchronization and activity patterns in pulse-coupled neural nets with delays and noise. Berlin: Springer, 2002.

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7

Iku, Nwamaka. Activity of brainstem cholinergic neurons during 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalization in rats. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2007.

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8

Roth, Gérard. Clinical motor electroneurography: Evoked responses beyond the M-wave ectopic activity. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000.

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9

Viau, François. Effects of neural activity on oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity and myosin heavy chain expression within diaphragm muscle fibers. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1999.

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10

The neural basis of motor control. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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11

Coordinated activity in the brain: Measurements and relevance to brain function and behavior. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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12

Levitan, Irwin B., and Leonard K. Kaczmarek. The Neuron. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199773893.001.0001.

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The Fourth Edition of The Neuron provides a comprehensive first course in the cell and molecular biology of nerve cells. It begins with properties of the many newly discovered ion channels that have emerged through mapping of the genome and which shape the way a single neuron generates varied patterns of electrical activity. It also covers the molecular mechanisms that convert electrical activity into the secretion of neurotransmitter hormones at synaptic junctions between neurons. It discusses the biochemical pathways that are linked to the action of neurotransmitters and that can alter the cellular properties of neurons or sensory cells that transduce information from the outside world into the electrical code used by neurons, and the rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular factors that induce an undifferentiated cell to become a neuron, and then guide it to form appropriate synaptic connections with its partners. Also addressed is the role of ongoing experience and activity in shaping these connections, and the mechanisms thought to underlie the phenomena of learning and memory.

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13

Deecke, L., and John C. Eccles. From Neuron to Action: An Appraisal of Fundamental and Clinical Research. Springer, 1991.

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14

L, Deecke, Eccles, John C. Sir, 1903-, Mountcastle Vernon B, Kornhuber H. H, and International Symposium "From Neuron to Action" (1988 : Vienna, Austria), eds. From neuron to action: An appraisal of fundamental and clinical research. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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15

Dienel, Samuel J., and David A. Lewis. Cellular Mechanisms of Psychotic Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0018.

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Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, including disturbances in working memory, is a core feature of the illness and the best predictor of long-term functional outcome. Working memory relies on neural network oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the prefrontal cortex, which are crucial for this oscillatory activity, exhibit a number of alterations in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. These GABA neuron disturbances may be secondary to upstream alterations in excitatory pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings suggest both a neural substrate for working memory impairments in schizophrenia and therapeutic targets for improving functional outcomes in this patient population.

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16

Jef ferys, John G. R. Cortical activity: single cell, cell assemblages, and networks. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0004.

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This chapter describes how the activity of neurons produces electrical potentials that can be recorded at the levels of single cells, small groups of neurons, and larger neuronal networks. It outlines how the movement of ions across neuronal membranes produces action potentials and synaptic potentials. It considers how the spatial arrangement of specific ion channels on the neuronal surface can produce potentials that can be recorded from the extracellular space. Finally, it outlines how the layered cellular structure of the neocortex can result in summation of signals from many neurons to be large enough to record through the scalp as evoked potentials or the electroencephalogram.

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17

Krauzlis, Richard J. Attentional Functions of the Superior Colliculus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.014.

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The superior colliculus (SC) plays an important role in both overt and covert attention. In primates, the SC is well known to be a central component of the motor pathways that orient the eyes and head to important objects in the environment. Accordingly, neurons in the SC show enhanced responses that will be the target of orienting movements, compared to stimuli that will be ignored. Single-neuron recordings in the SC have revealed a variety of attention-related effects, including changes in activity related to bottom-up and top-down attention, attention capture, and inhibition of return. These findings support the view of the SC as a priority map that represents the location of important objects in the visual environment. Manipulation of SC activity by electrical microstimulation and chemical inactivation shows that the SC is not simply a recipient of attention-related effects, but plays a causal role in these processes. In particular, activity in the SC plays a major role in the selection of targets for saccades, and also for pursuit eye movements and movements of the hand. Moreover, activity in the SC is important not only for the control of overt attention, but also plays a crucial role in covert attention—the processing of visual signals for perceptual judgements even in the absence of orienting movements. The mechanisms mediating the role of the SC in the control of covert attention are not yet known, but current models emphasize interactions between the SC and areas of the cerebral cortex.

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18

Summerson, Samantha R., and Caleb Kemere. Multi-electrode Recording of Neural Activity in Awake Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0004.

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Systems neuroscience is being revolutionized by the ability to record the activity of large numbers of neurons simultaneously. Chronic recording with multi- electrode arrays in animal models is a critical tool for studies of learning and memory, sensory processing, motor control, emotion, and decision-making. The experimental process for gathering large amounts of neural ensemble data can be very time consuming, however, the resulting data can be incredibly rich. We present a detailed overview of the process of acquiring multichannel neural data, with a particular focus on chronic tetrode recording in rodents.

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19

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 30-Year-Old Male with Severe Cramps. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0029.

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Muscle cramps are a common complaint. When not associated with weakness, the course is usually benign but can still be frustrating to patients. Diffuse cramping may be indicative of a neuromuscular disorder. Cramps can be associated with a metabolic or endocrine disorder or medications. Normal nerve conduction studies and electromyography are reassuring for a benign cause of cramps. In motor neuron disease cramps are common. There are rare spontaneous activity syndromes associated with cramping. Stiff person syndrome is rare and usually has severe axial rigidity. It can be treated with immune modulating medications. McArdles disease has a prominent symptom of diffuse muscle cramping associated with activity. Unfortunately not always will a specific cause for cramps be discovered. Various treatment modalities are presented.

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20

S, Zänker Kurt, and Entschladen Frank, eds. Neuronal activity in tumor tissue. Basel: Karger, 2007.

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21

Frost, William, and Jian-young Wu. Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0008.

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Voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSD) can be used to record neural activity in hundreds of locations in preparations ranging from mammalian cortex to invertebrate ganglia. Because fast VSDs respond to membrane potential changes with microsecond temporal resolution, these are better suited than calcium indicators for recording rapid neural signals. Here we describe methods for using a 464- element photodiode array and fast VSDs to record signals ranging from large scale network activity in brain slices and in vivo mammalian preparations, to action potentials in over 100 individual neurons in invertebrate ganglia.

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22

Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Integration and control: the nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0011.

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The complexity of fish behaviour and information processing indicates high levels of neural, anatomical and functional organization. Neural cells are conducting neurons and neuroglia with putative support and physiological roles. Neuronal conduction, synaptic transmission, reflexes and neuropils are factors in integrative activity and information processing. Fish nervous systems are organized into central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (including autonomic) components. Interestingly the structure and function of the fish optic tectum have been considered comparable to those of the tetrapod cerebral cortex. Also of interest are the bilaterally paired large Mauthner fibres in the teleost central nervous system, which mediate startle responses. The autonomic nervous system in fish occupies a pivotal position amongst vertebrates, including uncertainty about the existence of a posterior parasympathetic component. The trend is to regard it in terms of spinal autonomic (sympathetic) cranial autonomic (parasympathetic) and enteric systems. Accounts of the autonomic control of individual effector systems are included.

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23

A, Stamford J., ed. Monitoring neuronal activity: A practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1992.

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24

Roze, Emmanuel, and Frédéric Sedel. Gangliosidoses (GM1 and GM2). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0050.

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GM1 gangliosidosis is due to beta-galactosidase deficiency. The adult-onset form is characterized by progressive generalized dystonia, often associated with akineto-rigid Parkinsonism. Mild skeletal dysplasia and short stature are good diagnostic clues. GM2 gangliosidosis is due to beta-hexosaminidase deficiency. The adult-onset form is characterized by complex neurological disorders, in which features resulting from cerebellar and motor neuron dysfunction are the most frequent. Movement disorders, psychotic symptoms, mild pyramidal signs, axonal polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and vertical supranuclear palsy can also be observed. Clinical severity and the rate of progression both vary widely from one patient to another. Diagnosis is based on measurements of enzyme activity and molecular analysis. Physiotherapy, speech therapy and management of swallowing are crucial for these patients’ quality of life and prognosis.

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25

Ole, Kiehn, ed. Neuronal mechanisms for generating locomotor activity. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1998.

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26

Gardiner, Phillip F. Neuromuscular Aspects of Physical Activity. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2001.

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27

Tatsuno, Masami. Analysis and Modeling of Coordinated Multi-neuronal Activity. Springer, 2014.

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28

Tatsuno, Masami. Analysis and Modeling of Coordinated Multi-neuronal Activity. Springer, 2016.

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29

Symposium on Steroids and Neuronal Activity (1990 : Ciba Foundation), ed. Steroids and neuronal activity. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 1990.

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30

Coleman, William L., and R. Michael Burger. Extracellular Single-Unit Recording and Neuropharmacological Methods. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0003.

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Small biogenic changes in voltage such as action potentials in neurons can be monitored using extracellular single unit recording techniques. This technique allows for investigation of neuronal electrical activity in a manner that is not disruptive to the cell membrane, and individual neurons can be recorded from for extended periods of time. This chapter discusses the basic requirements for an extracellular recording setup, including different types of electrodes, apparatus for controlling electrode position and placement, recording equipment, signal output, data analysis, and the histological confirmation of recording sites usually required for in vivo recordings. A more advanced extracellular recording technique using piggy-back style multibarrel electrodes that allows for localized pharmacological manipulation of neuronal properties is described in detail. Strategies for successful signal isolation, troubleshooting advice such as noise reduction, and suggestions for general laboratory equipment are also discussed.

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31

Hosseini-Ashrafi, Mir Ebrahim. The quantitative measurement of neutron induced activity in biomedical applications. 1990.

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32

von Philipsborn, Anne C. Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0003.

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Behavioral neurobiology aims at explaining behavior at the level of neurons and neuronal circuits, based on linking comparative anatomy, and the observation and manipulation of nervous system activity with animal behavior. The numerical simplicity and the presence of identified neurons in insect nervous systems make them outstanding model systems for neurobiology. The insect nervous system has a common ground plan with functionally specialized regions for sensory processing, integration, and motor control. In holometabolous species, the nervous system is restructured during metamorphosis to support new behavior. Different forms of plasticity allow for behavioral adaptations in the adult stage. Neuronal circuits for behavior in Drosophila melanogaster can be effectively analysed with genetic tools, as exemplified for courtship and mating behavior. Recent developments in connectomics and genome editing are expected to further behavioral neurobiology in a broad range of species and permit a comprehensive comparative approach to the neurobiology of behavioral ecology.

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33

Neuronal Activity in Tumor Tissue (Progress in Experimental Tumor Research). S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 2007.

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34

Beninger, Richard J. Neuroanatomy and dopamine systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0011.

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Neuroanatomy and dopamine systems explains how sensory signals ascend the central nervous system via a series of nuclei; axons detecting specific elements converge onto higher-order neurons that respond to particular stimulus features. Assemblies of feature-detection cells in the cerebral cortex detect complex stimuli such as faces. These cell assemblies project to motor nuclei of the dorsal and ventral striatum where they terminate on dendritic spines of efferent medium spiny neurons. Dopaminergic projections from ventral mesencephalic nuclei terminate on the same spines. Individual corticostriatal afferents contact relatively few medium spiny neurons and individual dopaminergic neurons contact a far larger number. Stimuli activate specific subsets of corticostriatal synapses. Synaptic activity that is closely followed by a rewarding stimulus, that produces a burst of action potentials in dopaminergic neurons, is modified so that those specific corticostriatal synapses acquire an increased ability to elicit approach and other responses in the future, i.e., incentive learning.

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35

Tsur, Reuven. Elusive Qualities in Poetry, Receptivity, and Neural Correlates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0013.

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Arnheim’s terms “actively organizing mind” and “passively receiving mind” can usefully be applied in practical criticism to suggest the significance of poetic structures as described by more concrete terms. But it is not quite clear what exactly they refer to. This chapter explores how the latter term can be illuminating in close readings of poems by Verlaine. Neuropsychological findings proposed in the last section fill those terms with more solid meaning. When you experience sensory stimuli, certain areas in the secondary somatosensory cortex light up. When you perceive yourself as the voluntary agent causing the sensations, this activity is suppressed. This may account for the observation that the actively organizing mind is less sensitive to elusive sensations in poetry than a passive attitude. This chapter explores the linguistic means—syntactic, semantic, and phonetic—by which Verlaine’s texts manipulate the fictional speaker and/or the flesh-and-blood reader into a passive stance.

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36

Velazquez, Jose Luis Perez, and Richard Wennberg. Coordinated Activity in the Brain. Springer, 2009.

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37

Beninger, Richard J. Mechanisms of dopamine-mediated incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0012.

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Mechanisms of dopamine-mediated incentive learning explains how sensory events, resulting from an animal’s movement and the environment, activate cortical glutamatergic projections to dendritic spines of striatal medium spiny neurons to initiate a wave of phosphorylation. If no rewarding stimulus is encountered, a subsequent wave of phosphatase activity undoes the phosphorylation. If a rewarding stimulus is encountered, dopamine initiates a cascade of events in D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons that may prevent the phosphatase effects and work synergistically with signaling events produced by glutamate. As a result, corticostriatal synapses have a greater impact on response systems; this may be part of the mechanism of incentive learning. Dopamine acting on dendritic spines of D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons may prevent synaptic strengthening by inhibiting adenosine signaling; these synapses may be weakened through mechanisms involving endocannabinoids. When dopamine concentrations drop, e.g. during negative prediction errors, the opposite may occur, producing inverse incentive learning.

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38

Vanhatalo, Sampsa, and J. Matias Palva. Infraslow EEG Activity. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0032.

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Infraslow electroencephalographic (EEG) activity refers to frequencies below the conventional clinical EEG range that starts at about 0.5 Hz. Evidence suggests that salient EEG signals in the infraslow range are essential parts of many physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, brain is known to exhibit multitude of infraslow processes, which may be observed directly as fluctuations in the EEG signal amplitude, as infraslow fluctuations or intermittency in other neurophysiological signals, or as fluctuations in behavioural performance. Both physiological and pathological EEG activity may range from 0.01 Hz to several hundred Hz. In the clinical context, infraslow activity is commonly observed in the neonatal EEG, during and prior to epileptic seizures, and during sleep and arousals. Laboratory studies have demonstrated the presence of spontaneous infraslow EEG fluctuations or very slow event-related potentials in awake and sleeping subjects. Infraslow activity may not only arise in cortical and subcortical networks but is also likely to involve non-neuronal generators such as glial networks. The full, physiologically relevant range of brain mechanisms can be readily recorded with wide dynamic range direct-current (DC)-coupled amplifiers or full-band EEG (FbEEG). Due to the different underlying mechanisms, a single FbEEG recording can even be perceived as a multimodal recording where distinct brain modalities can be studied simultaneously by performing data analysis for different frequency ranges. FbEEG is likely to become the standard approach for a wide range of applications in both basic science and in the clinic.

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39

Ischlondsky, N. E. Brain And Behaviour: Induction As A Fundamental Mechanism Of Neuro-Psychic Activity. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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40

R, Wolpaw Jonathan, Schmidt John T, Vaughan Theresa M, State University of New York at Albany., and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Activity-driven CNS changesin learning and development. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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41

Pinotsis, Dimitris, Peter Robinson, Peter beim Graben, and Karl Friston, eds. Neural Masses and Fields: Modelling the Dynamics of Brain Activity. Frontiers Media SA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-427-8.

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42

Beninger, Richard J. Life's rewards. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.001.0001.

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Life’s Rewards: Linking Dopamine, Incentive Learning, Schizophrenia, and the Mind explains how increased brain dopamine produces reward-related incentive learning, the acquisition by neutral stimuli of increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. Dopamine decreases may produce inverse incentive learning, the loss by stimuli of the ability to elicit approach and other responses. Incentive learning is gradually lost when dopamine receptors are blocked. The brain has multiple memory systems defined as “declarative” and “non-declarative;” incentive learning produces one form of non-declarative memory. People with schizophrenia have hyperdopaminergia, possibly producing excessive incentive learning. Delusions may rely on declarative memory to interpret the world as it appears with excessive incentive learning. Parkinson’s disease, associated with dopamine loss, may involve a loss of incentive learning and increased inverse incentive learning. Drugs of abuse activate dopaminergic neurotransmission, leading to incentive learning about drug-associated stimuli. After withdrawal symptoms have been alleviated by detoxification treatment, drug-associated conditioned incentive stimuli will retain their ability to elicit responses until they are repeatedly experienced in the absence of primary drug rewards. Incentive learning may involve the action of dopamine at dendritic spines of striatal medium spiny neurons that have recently had glutamatergic input from assemblies of cortical neurons activated by environmental and proprioceptive stimuli. Glutamate initiates a wave of phosphorylation normally followed by a wave of phosphatase activity. If dopaminergic neurons fire, stimulation of D1 receptors prolongs the wave of phosphorylation, allowing glutamate synaptic strengthening. Activity in dopaminergic neurons in humans appears to affect mental experience.

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43

Lehmann, Torsten, and André van Schaik. Implantable hearing interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0054.

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The chapter Implantable hearing interfaces describes the fundamental operation of a commonly available biohybrid system, the cochlear implant, or bionic ear. This neuro-stimulating biomedical implant is very successful in restoring hearing function to people with profound hearing loss. The fundamental operation of the biological cochlea is described and parallels are drawn between key aspects of the biological system and the biohybrid implementation: dynamic range compression, translation of sound to neural activity, and tonotopic mapping. Critical considerations are discussed for simultaneously meeting biological, surgical, and engineering restrictions in successful biohybrid systems design. Finally, challenges in present and future cochlear implants are outlined and directions of current research given.

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44

R, Wolpaw Jonathan, Schmidt John T, and Vaughan Theresa M, eds. Activity-driven CNS changes in learning and development. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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45

Serena, Dudek, ed. Transcriptional regulation by neuronal activity: To the nucleus and back. New York: Springer, 2007.

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46

Han, Shihui. Neural processes of culturally familiar information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 introduces the concept of cultural learning and its function in the transmission of cultural knowledge over generations, and the construction of new cultural beliefs/values and behavioral scripts. It examines brain activity that is engaged in differential processing of culturally familiar and unfamiliar information by reviewing functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential studies of neural activity involved in the processing of gesture, music, brand, and religious knowledge. Long-term cultural experiences give rise to specific neural mechanisms in the human brain that deal with culturally familiar information in multiple neural circuits underlying the inference of mental states and reward, for example. The unique neural mechanisms underlying culturally familiar stimuli provide a default mode of neural processing of culturally familiar information received in daily life.

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47

Rothman, Douglas L., and Robert G. Shulman. Brain Energetics and Neuronal Activity: Applications to FMRI and Medicine. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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48

Domahs, Ulrike, Hubert Truckenbrodt, and Richard Wiese, eds. Phonological and Phonetic Competence: Between Grammar, Signal Processing, and Neural Activity. Frontiers Media SA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-809-2.

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49

(Editor), D. M. Jackson, ed. Pharmacology and Functional Regulation of Dopaminergic Neurons. Mosby-Year Book, 1989.

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50

Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.

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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.

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