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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuronal discrimination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

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1

Deng, Yingchun, Peter Williams, Feng Liu, and Jianfeng Feng. "Neuronal discrimination capacity." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 36, no. 50 (2003): 12379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/50/003.

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2

Boynton, Geoffrey M., Jonathan B. Demb, Gary H. Glover, and David J. Heeger. "Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination." Vision Research 39, no. 2 (1999): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00113-8.

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3

Heeger, D. J. "Neuronal correlates of contrast detection and discrimination." Journal of Vision 2, no. 10 (2002): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.10.13.

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4

Spitzer, H., R. Desimone, and J. Moran. "Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance." Science 240, no. 4850 (1988): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3353728.

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Single cells were recorded from cortical area V4 of two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) trained on a visual discrimination task with two levels of difficulty. Behavioral evidence indicated that the monkeys' discriminative abilities improved when the task was made more difficult. Correspondingly, neuronal responses to stimuli became larger and more selective in the difficult task. A control experiment demonstrated that changes in general arousal could not account for the effects of task difficulty on neuronal responses. It is concluded that increasing the amount of attention directed toward a s

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5

Li, Wu, Peter Thier, and Christian Wehrhahn. "Contextual Influence on Orientation Discrimination of Humans and Responses of Neurons in V1 of Alert Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 2 (2000): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.941.

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We studied the effects of various patterns as contextual stimuli on human orientation discrimination, and on responses of neurons in V1 of alert monkeys. When a target line is presented along with various contextual stimuli (masks), human orientation discrimination is impaired. For most V1 neurons, responses elicited by a line in the receptive field (RF) center are suppressed by these contextual patterns. Orientation discrimination thresholds of human observers are elevated slightly when the target line is surrounded by orthogonal lines. For randomly oriented lines, thresholds are elevated fur

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6

Adibi, Mehdi, and Ehsan Arabzadeh. "A Comparison of Neuronal and Behavioral Detection and Discrimination Performances in Rat Whisker System." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (2011): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00794.2010.

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We used the rat whisker touch as a model system to investigate the correlation between the response function of cortical neurons and the behavior of rats in a sensory detection versus discrimination task. The rat whisker–barrel system is structurally well characterized and represents one of the main channels through which rodents collect information about the environment. In experiment 1, we recorded neuronal activity ( n = 235) in the whisker area of the rat somatosensory cortex in anesthetized rats while applying vibrotactile stimuli of varying amplitudes to the whiskers. Neurons showed a ch

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7

Matsumora, Takehiro, Kowa Koida, and Hidehiko Komatsu. "Relationship Between Color Discrimination and Neural Responses in the Inferior Temporal Cortex of the Monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 6 (2008): 3361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90551.2008.

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Earlier studies suggest that the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of the monkey plays a key role in color discrimination. Here, we examined the quantitative relationship between color judgment in monkeys and the responses of color-selective neurons in the anterior part of the IT cortex (area TE) by comparing neuronal activity and behavior recorded simultaneously while the monkeys performed a color-judgment task. We first compared the abilities of single neurons and monkeys to discriminate color. To calculate a neuron's ability to discriminate color, we computed a neurometric function using receiv

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8

Orban, Guy A., and Rufin Vogels. "The neuronal machinery involved in successive orientation discrimination." Progress in Neurobiology 55, no. 2 (1998): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00010-0.

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9

Arabzadeh, Ehsan, Colin W. G. Clifford, Justin A. Harris, David A. Mahns, Vaughan G. Macefield, and Ingvars Birznieks. "Single tactile afferents outperform human subjects in a vibrotactile intensity discrimination task." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (2014): 2382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00482.2014.

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We simultaneously compared the sensitivity of single primary afferent neurons supplying the glabrous skin of the hand and the psychophysical amplitude discrimination thresholds in human subjects for a set of vibrotactile stimuli delivered to the receptive field. All recorded afferents had a dynamic range narrower than the range of amplitudes across which the subjects could discriminate. However, when the vibration amplitude was chosen to be within the steepest part of the afferent's stimulus-response function the response of single afferents, defined as the spike count over the vibration durat

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10

Smith, Jackson E. T., and Andrew J. Parker. "Correlated structure of neuronal firing in macaque visual cortex limits information for binocular depth discrimination." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 1 (2021): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00667.2020.

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Correlated noise reduces the stimulus information in visual cortical neurons during experimental performance of binocular depth discriminations. The temporal scale of these correlations is important. Rapid (20–30 ms) correlations reduce information within and between areas V1 and V4, whereas slow (>100 ms) correlations between areas do not. Separate cortical areas appear to act together to maintain signal fidelity. Rapid correlations reduce the neuronal signal difference between stimuli and adversely affect perceptual discrimination.

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11

Sanders, Teresa H., Mark A. Clements, and Thomas Wichmann. "Parkinsonism-related features of neuronal discharge in primates." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 3 (2013): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00672.2012.

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Parkinson's disease is known to be associated with abnormal electrical spiking activities of basal ganglia neurons, including changes in firing rate, bursting activities and oscillatory firing patterns and changes in entropy. We explored the relative importance of these measures through optimal feature selection and discrimination analysis methods. We identified key characteristics of basal ganglia activity that predicted whether the neurons were recorded in the normal or parkinsonian state. Starting with 29 features extracted from the spike timing of neurons recorded in normal and parkinsonia

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12

Brown, M. W., and Z. I. Bashir. "Evidence concerning how neurons of the perirhinal cortex may effect familiarity discrimination." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1424 (2002): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1097.

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Many studies indicate that recognition memory involves at least two separable processes, familiarity discrimination and recollection. Aspects of what is known of potential neuronal substrates of familiarity discrimination are reviewed. Lesion studies have established that familiarity discrimination for individual visual stimuli is effected by a system centred on the perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe. The fundamental change that encodes prior occurrence of such stimuli appears to be a reduction in the response of neurons in anterior inferior temporal (including perirhinal) cortex when a st

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13

Marshel, James H., Yoon Seok Kim, Timothy A. Machado, et al. "Cortical layer–specific critical dynamics triggering perception." Science 365, no. 6453 (2019): eaaw5202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5202.

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Perceptual experiences may arise from neuronal activity patterns in mammalian neocortex. We probed mouse neocortex during visual discrimination using a red-shifted channelrhodopsin (ChRmine, discovered through structure-guided genome mining) alongside multiplexed multiphoton-holography (MultiSLM), achieving control of individually specified neurons spanning large cortical volumes with millisecond precision. Stimulating a critical number of stimulus-orientation-selective neurons drove widespread recruitment of functionally related neurons, a process enhanced by (but not requiring) orientation-d

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14

Tremblay, N., M. C. Bushnell, and G. H. Duncan. "Thalamic VPM nucleus in the behaving monkey. II. Response to air-puff stimulation during discrimination and attention tasks." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 3 (1993): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.753.

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1. Single-unit activity was recorded in the ventral posterior medial (VPM) thalamic nucleus of awake monkeys while they performed detection and discrimination tasks involving tactile air-puff stimuli presented to the face. Neuronal responsiveness was compared directly with the monkey's discriminative performance. In addition, neuronal activity was compared when the monkey's attention was directed to the air-puff stimulus and when it was directed to a concurrent visual stimulus. 2. Neurons responding to the air-puff stimuli were classified as slowly adapting (SA), rapidly adapting (RA), inhibit

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15

von Heimendahl, Moritz, Pavel M. Itskov, Ehsan Arabzadeh, and Mathew E. Diamond. "Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex Underlying Texture Discrimination." PLoS Biology 5, no. 11 (2007): e305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050305.

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16

Rodríguez-Sanchez, Antonio J., John K. Tsotsos, Stefan Treue, and Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo. "Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds for spiral motion discrimination." NeuroReport 20, no. 18 (2009): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e32833312c7.

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17

Schiff, Steven J., Tim Sauer, Rohit Kumar, and Steven L. Weinstein. "Neuronal spatiotemporal pattern discrimination: The dynamical evolution of seizures." NeuroImage 28, no. 4 (2005): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.059.

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18

Zheng, Yi, Jianbo Gao, Justin C. Sanchez, Jose C. Principe, and Michael S. Okun. "Multiplicative multifractal modeling and discrimination of human neuronal activity." Physics Letters A 344, no. 2-4 (2005): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.06.092.

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19

Hernandez, A., A. Zainos, and R. Romo. "Neuronal correlates of sensory discrimination in the somatosensory cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 11 (2000): 6191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.120018597.

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20

Chiba, Atsushi, Ken-ichi Oshio, and Masahiko Inase. "Neuronal representation of duration discrimination in the monkey striatum." Physiological Reports 3, no. 2 (2015): e12283. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12283.

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21

Nakao, M., K. Ohmura, and R. Sato. "Hardware-based adaptive system for discrimination of neuronal spikes." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 26, no. 4 (1988): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442292.

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22

Zhou, Jingyang, and Chanwoo Chung. "How does perceptual discrimination relate to neuronal receptive fields?" Journal of Vision 23, no. 9 (2023): 5708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.9.5708.

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23

MERIGAN, WILLIAM H. "Cortical area V4 is critical for certain texture discriminations, but this effect is not dependent on attention." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 6 (2000): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380017614x.

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This study examined the question of which features of a complex grouping discrimination make it vulnerable to permanent elimination by V4 lesions. We first verified that the line element grouping discrimination, which we previously reported to be devastated by V4 lesions, was similarly affected in the monkeys of this study. The permanence of the deficit was established by mapping its visual field distribution and then testing this discrimination for an extended period at a locus on the border of the deficit. Also, a staircase procedure was used to provide the monkey with within session instruc

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24

Berberian, Nareg, Amanda MacPherson, Eloïse Giraud, Lydia Richardson, and J. P. Thivierge. "Neuronal pattern separation of motion-relevant input in LIP activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (2017): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00145.2016.

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In various regions of the brain, neurons discriminate sensory stimuli by decreasing the similarity between ambiguous input patterns. Here, we examine whether this process of pattern separation may drive the rapid discrimination of visual motion stimuli in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Starting with a simple mean-rate population model that captures neuronal activity in LIP, we show that overlapping input patterns can be reformatted dynamically to give rise to separated patterns of neuronal activity. The population model predicts that a key ingredient of pattern separation is the presenc

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25

Hashimoto, Kosuke, Bibin B. Andriana, Hiroko Matsuyoshi, and Hidetoshi Sato. "Discrimination analysis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons using Raman spectroscopy." Analyst 143, no. 12 (2018): 2889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00051d.

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26

Heuer, Hilary W., and Kenneth H. Britten. "Optic Flow Signals in Extrastriate Area MST: Comparison of Perceptual and Neuronal Sensitivity." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 3 (2004): 1314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00637.2003.

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The medial superior temporal area of extrastriate cortex (MST) contains signals selective for nonuniform patterns of motion often termed “optic flow.” The presence of such tuning, however, does not necessarily imply involvement in perception. To quantify the relationship between these selective neuronal signals and the perception of optic flow, we designed a discrimination task that allowed us to simultaneously record neuronal and behavioral sensitivities to near-threshold optic flow stimuli tailored to MST cells' preferences. In this two-alternative forced-choice task, we controlled the salie

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27

Zhivago, Kalathupiriyan A., and Sripati P. Arun. "Texture discriminability in monkey inferotemporal cortex predicts human texture perception." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 11 (2014): 2745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00532.2014.

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Shape and texture are both important properties of visual objects, but texture is relatively less understood. Here, we characterized neuronal responses to discrete textures in monkey inferotemporal (IT) cortex and asked whether they can explain classic findings in human texture perception. We focused on three classic findings on texture discrimination: 1) it can be easy or hard depending on the constituent elements; 2) it can have asymmetries, and 3) it is reduced for textures with randomly oriented elements. We recorded neuronal activity from monkey inferotemporal (IT) cortex and measured tex

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28

Brody, Carlos D., Adrián Hernández, Antonio Zainos, Luis Lemus, and Ranulfo Romo. "Analysing neuronal correlates of the comparison of two sequentially presented sensory stimuli." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1428 (2002): 1843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1167.

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In a typical sequential sensory discrimination task, subjects are required to make a decision based on comparing a sensory stimulus against the memory trace left by a previous stimulus. What is the neuronal substrate for such comparisons and the resulting decisions? This question was studied by recording neuronal responses in a variety of cortical areas of awake monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ), trained to carry out a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task. We describe methods to analyse responses obtained during the comparison and decision phases of the task, and describe the resulting finding

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29

Yu, Bo, Terrence Mak, Xiangyu Li, Leslie Smith, Yihe Sun, and Chi-Sang Poon. "Stream-based Hebbian Eigenfilter for real-time neuronal spike discrimination." BioMedical Engineering OnLine 11, no. 1 (2012): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925x-11-18.

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30

Seiferth, Nina Y., Katharina Pauly, Thilo Kellermann, et al. "Neuronal Correlates of Facial Emotion Discrimination in Early Onset Schizophrenia." Neuropsychopharmacology 34, no. 2 (2008): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2008.93.

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31

Romo, Ranulfo, Adrián Hernández, Antonio Zainos, and Emilio Salinas. "Correlated Neuronal Discharges that Increase Coding Efficiency during Perceptual Discrimination." Neuron 38, no. 4 (2003): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00287-3.

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32

Seiferth, N. Y., K. Pauly, V. Backes, et al. "0356 EMOTION DISCRIMINATION AND ITS NEURONAL CORRELATES IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Research 86 (October 2006): S72—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(06)70216-x.

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33

Schaefer, Andreas T., Kamilla Angelo, Hartwig Spors, and Troy W. Margrie. "Neuronal Oscillations Enhance Stimulus Discrimination by Ensuring Action Potential Precision." PLoS Biology 4, no. 6 (2006): e163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040163.

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34

Altmann, L., H. J. Luhmann, J. M. Greuel, and W. Singer. "Functional and neuronal binocularity in kittens raised with rapidly alternating monocular occlusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 5 (1987): 965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.5.965.

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1. In order to determine the degree of synchrony of binocular activation required for the development of binocularity we reared 11 kittens with rapidly alternating monocular occlusion. Alternating occlusion was achieved with microprocessor-controlled electrooptic solid-state shutters, which were fitted to individually moulded goggles. The intervals of alternating occlusion were varied from 50 to 1,000 ms. Two normally reared kittens and three kittens that were reared with the shutters operating synchronously with open/close intervals of 50/50 ms, 200/200 ms, and 400/100 ms, respectively, were

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35

Zorick, Todd, and Jason Smith. "Generalized Information Equilibrium Approaches to EEG Sleep Stage Discrimination." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6450126.

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Recent advances in neuroscience have raised the hypothesis that the underlying pattern of neuronal activation which results in electroencephalography (EEG) signals is via power-law distributed neuronal avalanches, while EEG signals are nonstationary. Therefore, spectral analysis of EEG may miss many properties inherent in such signals. A complete understanding of such dynamical systems requires knowledge of the underlying nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In recent work by Fielitz and Borchardt (2011, 2014), the concept of information equilibrium (IE) in information transfer processes has success

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36

Tramo, Mark Jude, Gaurav D. Shah, and Louis D. Braida. "Functional Role of Auditory Cortex in Frequency Processing and Pitch Perception." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 1 (2002): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00104.1999.

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Microelectrode studies in nonhuman primates and other mammals have demonstrated that many neurons in auditory cortex are excited by pure tone stimulation only when the tone's frequency lies within a narrow range of the audible spectrum. However, the effects of auditory cortex lesions in animals and humans have been interpreted as evidence against the notion that neuronal frequency selectivity is functionally relevant to frequency discrimination. Here we report psychophysical and anatomical evidence in favor of the hypothesis that fine-grained frequency resolution at the perceptual level relies

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37

Gschwend, Olivier, Nixon M. Abraham, Samuel Lagier, Frédéric Begnaud, Ivan Rodriguez, and Alan Carleton. "Neuronal pattern separation in the olfactory bulb improves odor discrimination learning." Nature Neuroscience 18, no. 10 (2015): 1474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4089.

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38

Mountcastle, V. B., and M. A. Steinmetz. "Cortical Neuronal Periodicities and Frequency Discrimination in the Sense of Flutter." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 55 (January 1, 1990): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.081.

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39

Tsunada, Joji, and Toshiyuki Sawaguchi. "Neuronal Categorization and Discrimination of Social Behaviors in Primate Prefrontal Cortex." PLoS ONE 7, no. 12 (2012): e52610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052610.

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40

Dragoi, Valentin, Jitendra Sharma, Earl K. Miller, and Mriganka Sur. "Dynamics of neuronal sensitivity in visual cortex and local feature discrimination." Nature Neuroscience 5, no. 9 (2002): 883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn900.

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41

Li Hegner, Yiwen, Ralf Saur, Ralf Veit, et al. "BOLD Adaptation in Vibrotactile Stimulation: Neuronal Networks Involved in Frequency Discrimination." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00617.2006.

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The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated human brain regions subserving the discrimination of vibrotactile frequency. An event-related adaptation paradigm was used in which blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses are lower to same compared with different pairs of stimuli (BOLD adaptation). This adaptation effect serves as an indicator for feature-specific responding of neuronal subpopulations. Subjects had to discriminate two vibrotactile stimuli sequentially applied with a delay of 600 ms to their left middle fingertip. The stimulus frequency was in th

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42

Dragoi MIT, V., J. Sharma, E. K. Miller, and M. Sur. "Dynamics of neuronal sensitivity in primate V1 underlying local feature discrimination." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (2010): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.126.

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43

Allegra, Manuela, Lorenzo Posani, Ruy Gómez-Ocádiz, and Christoph Schmidt-Hieber. "Differential Relation between Neuronal and Behavioral Discrimination during Hippocampal Memory Encoding." Neuron 108, no. 6 (2020): 1103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.032.

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44

van Veelen, C. W. M., G. Rijksen, and G. E. J. Staal. "Discrimination between neuronal and glial cell tumours by pyruvate kinase electrophoresis." Acta Neurochirurgica 91, no. 3-4 (1988): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01424567.

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45

Spengler, Friederike, Timothy P.L. Roberts, David Poeppel, et al. "Learning transfer and neuronal plasticity in humans trained in tactile discrimination." Neuroscience Letters 232, no. 3 (1997): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00602-2.

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46

Schul, J. "Neuronal basis for spectral song discrimination in the bushcricket Tettigonia cantans." Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 184, no. 4 (1999): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050345.

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47

Folarin, R., S. John, O. Oyenuga, N. Tijani, O. Otulana, and E. Mbonu. "Olfacto-protective roles of Nigella sativa oil in Harmaline-induced essential tremor modelling." Annals of Health Research 6, no. 2 (2020): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0602-11-84.

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Background: Harmaline is a tremorgenic beta-carboline, reported to induce acute postural and kinetic tremor. Essential Tremor (ET) is an idiopathic slowly neurodegenerative tremor disorder which also compromises olfactory acuity. Nigella sativa (NS) is a therapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of various ailments. Objective: To determine the effect of NSon olfactory functions of mice treated with harmaline. Methods: Seventy-five BALB/c male mice weighing 20g-25g, were equally divided into five groups, namely CNTRL (received only Normal saline), NS (received NS oil1ml/kg), HM

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48

Wiest, Michael C., Eric Thomson, Janaina Pantoja, and Miguel A. L. Nicolelis. "Changes in S1 Neural Responses During Tactile Discrimination Learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 1 (2010): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00194.2010.

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In freely moving rats that are actively performing a discrimination task, single-unit responses in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are strikingly different from responses to comparable tactile stimuli in immobile rats. For example, in the active discrimination context prestimulus response modulations are common, responses are longer in duration and more likely to be inhibited. To determine whether these differences emerge as rats learned a whisker-dependent discrimination task, we recorded single-unit S1 activity while rats learned to discriminate aperture-widths using their whiskers. Even b

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49

Komoltsev, Ilia, Olga Salyp, Aleksandra Volkova, et al. "Posttraumatic and Idiopathic Spike–Wave Discharges in Rats: Discrimination by Morphology and Thalamus Involvement." Neurology International 15, no. 2 (2023): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15020038.

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The possibility of epileptiform activity generation by the thalamocortical neuronal network after focal brain injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is actively debated. Presumably, posttraumatic spike–wave discharges (SWDs) involve a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. Differentiation of posttraumatic and idiopathic (i.e., spontaneously generated) SWDs is imperative for understanding posttraumatic epileptogenic mechanisms. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats with electrodes implanted into the somatosensory cortex and the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucl

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50

Groschner, Lukas N., and Gero Miesenböck. "Mechanisms of Sensory Discrimination: Insights from Drosophila Olfaction." Annual Review of Biophysics 48, no. 1 (2019): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115655.

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All an animal can do to infer the state of its environment is to observe the sensory-evoked activity of its own neurons. These inferences about the presence, quality, or similarity of objects are probabilistic and inform behavioral decisions that are often made in close to real time. Neural systems employ several strategies to facilitate sensory discrimination: Biophysical mechanisms separate the neuronal response distributions in coding space, compress their variances, and combine information from sequential observations. We review how these strategies are implemented in the olfactory system

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