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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurones dorsal paired medial'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Keene, Alex C., Michael J. Krashes, Benjamin Leung, Jessica A. Bernard, and Scott Waddell. "Drosophila Dorsal Paired Medial Neurons Provide a General Mechanism for Memory Consolidation." Current Biology 16, no. 15 (2006): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.06.022.

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2

Bevan, S., and M. Burrows. "Maps of the somata of efferent neurones with axons in the lateral nerves of locust abdominal ganglia." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 21 (1999): 2911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.21.2911.

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We used the cobalt-backfilling method to map the somata of neurones with axons that project in the two paired lateral nerves of the abdominal neuromeres of the locust Schistocerca gregaria with the objective of expanding and bringing together the incomplete and scattered information on these efferent neurones. We compared somata sizes and positions, and the pathways of primary neurites, with information from previous studies on individual, or groups of, abdominal neurones and we identify many of the somata we mapped. The stained somata belong to paired motor neurones and paired neurosecretory

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3

Araki, I., and W. C. De Groat. "Unitary excitatory synaptic currents in preganglionic neurons mediated by two distinct groups of interneurons in neonatal rat sacral parasympathetic nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 1 (1996): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.215.

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1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) were examined by the use of the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations of the neonatal rat lumbosacral spinal cord. Synaptic responses were evoked in PGNs by extracellular stimulation of a neighboring interneuron. 2. Stimulation of interneurons medial to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) elicited EPSCs or inhibitory postsynaptic currents in 58 and 11%, respectively, of PGNs. Stimulation of interneurons dorsal to the SPN evoked EPSCs in 70% of PGNs. 3. EPSCs occurred at s

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4

Olsen, J. F., and N. Suga. "Combination-sensitive neurons in the medial geniculate body of the mustached bat: encoding of target range information." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 6 (1991): 1275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1275.

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1. Delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons (FM-FM neurons) have been discovered in the dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii). In this paper we present evidence for a thalamic origin for FM-FM neurons. Our examination of the response properties of FM-FM neurons indicates that the neural mechanism of delay-tuning depends on coincidence detection and involves an interaction between neural inhibition and excitation. 2. The biosonar pulse (P) and its echo (E) produced and heard by the mustached bat consist of four harmonics; ea

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Olsen, J. F., and N. Suga. "Combination-sensitive neurons in the medial geniculate body of the mustached bat: encoding of relative velocity information." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 6 (1991): 1254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1254.

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1. Orientation sounds (pulses) emitted by the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) consist of up to four harmonics (H1-4); each harmonic contains a constant frequency (CF) component and a terminal frequency modulated (FM) component, so that there are eight components in total (CF1-4 and FM1-4). By referring the echo from a target to the emitted pulse, the mustached bat derives velocity information from Doppler shift and distance information from echo delay. In this study, the responses of single neurons in the medial geniculate body (MGB) to synthetic biosonar signals were investigated. Stimul

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6

Clarke, R. J., R. A. Giolli, R. H. Blanks, Y. Torigoe, and J. H. Fallon. "Neurons of the medial terminal accessory optic nucleus of the rat are poorly collateralized." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 3 (1989): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800001188.

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AbstractThe vast majority of neurons of the rat medial terminal nucleus (MTN) project to the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), but the MTN also projects to a lesser degree upon a number of other brainstem nuclei controlling optokinetic nystagmus. Because of the diversity of targets of the MTN, it is possible that individual neurons have branched axons that project to two or more brainstem nuclei. The possibility that axons of MTN-NOT neurons collateralize to innervate other MTN targets is examined in the rat with the fluorescent, double-labeling, retrograde tracer technique. Fluoro-Gold was in

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7

Baleydier, Christine, and Anne Morel. "Segregated thalamocortical pathways to inferior parietal and inferotemporal cortex in macaque monkey." Visual Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (1992): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004922.

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AbstractInferior parietal and inferotemporal cortex, which process different aspects of visual information through largely segregated pathways from the visual cortex, both receive thalamic afferents from the pulvinar complex. We examined the topography of pulvinar projections to these two cortical regions by placing multiple injections of different tracers (fluorescent dyes, horseradish peroxidase) in the inferotemporal and inferior parietal cortex of macaque monkeys.The patterns of label observed after injections in inferotemporal gyrus indicate that area TEO and the ventral part of area V4 r

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8

Amat, Corine, Bruno Lapied, Andrew S. French, and Bernard Hue. "Na+-Dependent Neuritic Spikes Initiate Ca2+-Dependent Somatic Plateau Action Potentials in Insect Dorsal Paired Median Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 5 (1998): 2718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2718.

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Amat, Corine, Bruno Lapied, Andrew S. French, and Bernard Hue. Na+-dependent neuritic spikes initiate Ca2+-dependent somatic plateau action potentials in insect dorsal paired median neurons J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2718–2726, 1998. The origin of plateau action potentials was studied in short-term cultures of dorsal paired median (DPM) neurons dissociated from the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Spontaneous plateau action potentials were recorded by intracellular microelectrodes in cell bodies that had neurite stumps. These action potentials featured a fast init

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9

Ichikawa, T. "MOTION-SENSITIVE CELLS: PUTATIVE LARVAL NEURONES INCORPORATED INTO THE OPTIC LOBE OF THE ADULT SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY." Journal of Experimental Biology 195, no. 1 (1994): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.195.1.361.

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Intracellular recordings were made from neurones with large somata situated at the anteromedial edge of the medulla of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus; the neurones were then filled with Lucifer Yellow. These cells are putative larval visual interneurones incorporated into the adult optic lobe of the butterfly. There are four classes of motion-sensitive neurones. Two have a dendritic arborization in the dorsal half of the medulla and project an axon to the medial protocerebrum or the contralateral medulla. They respond to vertical downward motion with a strong burst of action potentia

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Pushchina, Evgeniya V., Eva I. Zharikova та Anatoly A. Varaksin. "Mechanical Brain Injury Increases Cells’ Production of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Glutamine Synthetase, but Reduces Pax2 Expression in the Telencephalon of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 3 (2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031279.

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The considerable post-traumatic brain recovery in fishes makes them a useful model for studying the mechanisms that provide reparative neurogenesis, which is poorly represented in mammals. After a mechanical injury to the telencephalon in adult fish, lost neurons are actively replaced due to the proliferative activity of neuroepithelial cells and radial glia in the neurogenic periventricular zone. However, it is not enough clear which signaling mechanisms are involved in the activation of adult neural stem cells (aNSC) after the injury (reactive proliferation) and in the production of new neur

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Keene, Alex C., Markus Stratmann, Andreas Keller, Paola N. Perrat, Leslie B. Vosshall, and Scott Waddell. "Diverse Odor-Conditioned Memories Require Uniquely Timed Dorsal Paired Medial Neuron Output." Neuron 44, no. 3 (2004): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.006.

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12

Amat, Corine, Irina Sinakevitch-Pean, and Bernard Hue. "Proctolin-like immunoreactivity in dorsal paired median neurons generating plateau action potentials in cockroach Periplaneta americana." Neuroscience Research 29, no. 3 (1997): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00091-6.

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13

VYKLICKY, L., and J. NICHOLLS. "Specificity of Connections Formed by Nociceptive Cells of the Leech in Tissue Culture." Journal of Experimental Biology 134, no. 1 (1988): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.134.1.17.

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Individual medial and lateral nociceptive (N) cells of the leech have been paired with a variety of different target cells to determine the patterns and the properties of the connections made in culture. Lateral nociceptive N cells did not make electrical or chemical connections with other N cells or with P sensory cells. N cells made electrical connections with Retzius cells, anterior pagoda cells (AP) and annulus erector (AE) and L motor neurones in culture. Lateral and medial N cells, which differ in the animal, exhibited consistent differences in culture. Well-established electrical juncti

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14

Browning, Kirsteen N., F. Holly Coleman, and R. Alberto Travagli. "Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on pancreas-projecting rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 289, no. 2 (2005): G209—G219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00560.2004.

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We investigated the pre- and postsynaptic effects of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on identified pancreas-projecting neurons of the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in thin brain stem slices. Perfusion with PP induced a TTX- and apamin-sensitive, concentration-dependent outward (22% of neurons) or inward current (21% of neurons) that was accompanied by a decrease in input resistance; PP was also found to affect the amplitude of the action potential afterhyperpolarization. The remaining 57% of neurons were unaffected. PP induced a concentration-dependent inhibition in amplitude of excitatory

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15

Tonoki, A., and R. L. Davis. "Aging impairs intermediate-term behavioral memory by disrupting the dorsal paired medial neuron memory trace." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 16 (2012): 6319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118126109.

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16

Myerson, Mark S. "Experimental Decompression of the Fascial Compartments of the Foot—The Basis for Fasciotomy in Acute Compartment Syndromes." Foot & Ankle 8, no. 6 (1988): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078800800606.

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Surgical decompression of the foot by fasciotomy is the only effective means of preventing the late consequences of a compartment syndrome i.e., myoneural ischemia. In this study, a slit catheter system was used to monitor the compartment pressures in experimentally induced compartment syndromes of the foot. The ease and rate of decompressing the intracompartmental pressures via a double incision dorsal approach versus a medial longitudinal approach were compared in 40 paired fresh cadaver specimens. In both methods, intracompartmental pressure is satisfactorily decompressed. However, it takes

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17

Lu, H., H. Ozawa, M. Nishi, T. Ito та M. Kawata. "Serotonergic Neurones in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus That Project into the Medial Preoptic Area Contain Oestrogen Receptor β". Journal of Neuroendocrinology 13, № 10 (2001): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00695.x.

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18

Russell, D. F. "Neural basis of teeth coordination during gastric mill rhythms in spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (1985): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.99.

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Motoneurones that drive the closing of the lateral teeth during gastric mill rhythms in spiny lobsters start firing before the motoneurones that drive the medial tooth powerstroke. This has the expected behavioural interpretation that the lateral teeth must close on a food particle before the medial tooth is pulled across it. The neural basis of the teeth coordination was examined. Experiments were made during gastric rhythms in in vitro preparations comprising the stomatogastric, oesophageal and (paired) commissural ganglia. Identified neurones in the stomatogastric ganglion were polarized to

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19

FALCÃO, J. N., F. F. SALLES, and N. HAMADA. "The adults of Harpagobaetis Mol and Tomedontus Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) with notes on the nymphal stage." Zootaxa 2530, no. 1 (2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2530.1.4.

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In the present study the imagos of Harpagobaetis Mol and Tomedontus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty are described for the first time. They can be differentiated from other genera of Baetidae by the following combination of characteristics: Harpagobaetis, forewing with paired marginal intercalary veins; hind wing present with two complete longitudinal veins; costal projection of hind wing pointed, placed in the basal third of anterior margin, cross veins absent; forceps three-segmented, segment I with bulbous base, segment III long, about 3 × as long as wide; Tomedontus, dorsal portion of turbinate

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20

Lundquist, C., R. Baines, and J. Bacon. "Evidence that histamine is a neurotransmitter in an insect extraocular photoreceptor pathway." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 9 (1996): 1973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.9.1973.

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The pair of vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurones of the locust Locusta migratoria have cell bodies in the suboesophageal ganglion and extensive arborization throughout the central nervous sytem. The activity of the VPLI neurone is regulated by a spontaneously active excitatory descending interneurone (DI) that is, in turn, inhibited by an uncharacterised extraocular photoreceptor (EOP) system located in the brain. Light directed at the brain results in inhibition of DI activity, which thereby deprives the VPLI neurone of its major synaptic input. We present evidence that histamine p

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21

Heitler, WJ, and K. Fraser. "Thoracic connections between crayfish giant fibres and motor giant neurones reverse abdominal pattern." Journal of Experimental Biology 181, no. 1 (1993): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.181.1.329.

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The escape tail-flip of the crayfish is ‘commanded’ by two bilaterally paired sets of giant fibre (GF) interneurones, the lateral giant (LG) and medial giant (MG) (see e.g. Wine, 1984, for a review). The two classes of GF respond to different stimuli and initiate tail-flips with different kinematic forms. An arousal stimulus applied to the front of the animal initiates a spike in the MG system, and this causes a tail-flip that drives the animal directly backwards, away from the stimulus. An arousal stimulus applied to the rear of the animal initiates a spike in the LG system, and this causes a

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22

GILL, ANTHONY C., and RANDALL D. MOOI. "Character evidence for the monophyly of the Microdesminae, with comments on relationships to Schindleria (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae)." Zootaxa 2442, no. 1 (2010): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2442.1.4.

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The composition of the Microdesminae has been inconsistently reported in recent molecular studies. A monophyletic Microdesminae consisting of both Indo-Pacific and New World/Atlantic genera is diagnosed here by the following synapomorphies: maxilla with elongate projection extending anteriorly over ascending processes of premaxilla; palatine medial process absent; single dorsal process on cleithrum; supracleithrum oriented vertically and closely applied to cleithrum; posttemporal with elongate posteroventral process; body slender and elongate, with associated increase in number of vertebrae an

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23

Cherupalli, Sandilya, Craig D. Hardman, Andre Bongers, and Ken W. S. Ashwell. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain of a Monotreme, the Short-Beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 4 (2017): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473695.

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We used magnetic resonance imaging to study the anatomy of cortical regions, nuclear groups, and major tracts in the brain of a monotreme, i.e., the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Our specimens were from a collection held at the Australian Museum in Sydney and had been stored in formaldehyde solution for at least 70 years. Despite this, we were able to detect fine detail in the nuclear divisions of structures as well as in fiber tracts. In particular, we could detect the medial lemniscus as it approached the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus, subdivisions within the ventral po

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HONG, YONG, KHAMLA INKHAVILAY, and SAMUEL W. JAMES. "Nine new species of the "aeruginosus"-group in Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Nam Et-Phouley National protected Area, Laos." Zootaxa 4496, no. 1 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.19.

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Nine new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Phouleoi, Lao PDR: Earthworm specimens were collected on the top of Mt. Phouleoi, Viengthong District, Houaphanh province, Lao PDR. The new species belonged to pheretimoid earthworms. They have spermathecal pores in 7/8 and 8/9, corresponding to the aeruginosus-group as characterized by Sims and Easton (1972). Their names are: Amynthas bouatongi sp. nov., Amynthas hoauykanangensis sp. nov., Amynthas phimpheti sp. nov., Amynthas nametensis sp. nov., Amynthas somechanae sp. nov., Amynthas wiggeri sp. nov., Amynthas fleischmani sp

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Yuan, C. S., and W. D. Barber. "Interactions of gastric vagal and peripheral nerves on single neurons of lateral hypothalamus in the cat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 5 (1996): G858—G865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.5.g858.

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Extracellularly recorded unitary responses in the lateral hypothalamus were evaluated in anesthetized cats during electrical stimulation of the gastric branches of the ventral and dorsal vagal trunks, the T9 intercostal nerve, and the common peroneal nerve (L6-S2). These nerves were stimulated with single or paired (10-ms interval) pulses of 300–500 microA for 0.3 ms at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The latency of the evoked lateral hypothalamic responses after stimulation of the gastric vagal branches (373 +/- 39.8 ms; means +/- SD) was significantly longer than the latencies after intercostal nerve

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26

Baudoux, Sylvie, Carsten Duch, and Oliver T. Morris. "Coupling of Efferent Neuromodulatory Neurons to Rhythmical Leg Motor Activity in the Locust." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (1998): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.361.

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Baudoux, Sylvie, Carsten Duch, and Oliver T. Morris. Coupling of efferent neuromodulatory neurons to rhythmical leg motor activity in the locust. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 361–370, 1998. The spike activity of neuromodulatory dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons was analyzed during a pilocarpine-induced motor pattern in the locust. Paired intracellular recordings were made from these octopaminergic neurons during rhythmic activity in hindleg motor neurons evoked by applying pilocarpine to an isolated metathoracic ganglion. This motor pattern is characterized by two alternating phases: a levator phas

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27

Hall, Shana A., David C. Rubin, Amanda Miles, et al. "The Neural Basis of Involuntary Episodic Memories." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 10 (2014): 2385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00633.

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Voluntary episodic memories require an intentional memory search, whereas involuntary episodic memories come to mind spontaneously without conscious effort. Cognitive neuroscience has largely focused on voluntary memory, leaving the neural mechanisms of involuntary memory largely unknown. We hypothesized that, because the main difference between voluntary and involuntary memory is the controlled retrieval processes required by the former, there would be greater frontal activity for voluntary than involuntary memories. Conversely, we predicted that other components of the episodic retrieval net

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28

Yang, Chuan-Chih, Alfonso Barrós-Loscertales, Daniel Pinazo, et al. "State and Training Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Brain Networks Reflect Neuronal Mechanisms of Its Antidepressant Effect." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9504642.

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The topic of investigating how mindfulness meditation training can have antidepressant effects via plastic changes in both resting state and meditation state brain activity is important in the rapidly emerging field of neuroplasticity. In the present study, we used a longitudinal design investigating resting state fMRI both before and after 40 days of meditation training in 13 novices. After training, we compared differences in network connectivity between rest and meditation using common resting state functional connectivity methods. Interregional methods were paired with local measures such

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Saengsin, Jirawat, Tanawat Vaseenon, and Nuttaya Pattamapaspong. "Accuracy of Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypermobility of the First Ray in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Hallux Valgus Patients: A Comparison of Sonography and Klaue Device." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (2019): 2473011419S0037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00370.

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Category: Bunion, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hypermobility of the first ray is related to problems such as transfer metatarsalgia and painful callosity. Methods to assess this condition have different advantages and disadvantages. Ultrasound, in addition to providing real time, dynamic imaging and allowing for patient interaction, can be used to evaluate first ray hypermobility. However, there have been no studies specifically investigating the accuracy of ultrasound evaluation of hypermobility of the first ray. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in d

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Sui, L., F. Wang, and B. M. Li. "Adult-onset hypothyroidism impairs paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation of the rat dorsal hippocampo-medial prefrontal cortex pathway in vivo." Brain Research 1096, no. 1 (2006): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.042.

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TIMMS, JUAN, JUAN C. CHAPARRO, PABLO J. VENEGAS, et al. "A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America." Zootaxa 4656, no. 1 (2019): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.1.4.

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We describe a new species of montane pitviper of the genus Bothrops from the Cordillera Oriental of the Central Andes, distributed from southern Peru to central Bolivia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characteristic combination of a dorsal body color pattern consisting of triangular or subtriangular dark brown dorsal blotches, paired dark brown parallel occipital stripes, a conspicuous dark brown postocular stripe, the presence of canthorostrals in some specimens, prelacunal fused or partially fused with second supralabial, one scale usually separating internasa

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Bertolino, M., S. Vicini, R. Gillis, and A. Travagli. "Presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors inhibit excitatory synaptic transmission in rat brain stem." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 3 (1997): G654—G661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.3.g654.

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The synaptic connection between the commissural portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (ComNTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) was studied in rat brain stem slices, using the patch-clamp technique. The excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) evoked by stimulation of the ComNTS were blocked by kynurenic acid (1 mM) and, in Mg2+-free solution, were sensitive to both the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor blocker 3-[(RS)-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl] -propyl-1-phosphonic acid (20 microM) and the non-NMDA receptor blocker 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (5

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Tomatsu, Saeka, Geehee Kim, Joachim Confais, and Kazuhiko Seki. "Muscle afferent excitability testing in spinal root-intact rats: dissociating peripheral afferent and efferent volleys generated by intraspinal microstimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (2017): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00874.2016.

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Presynaptic inhibition of the sensory input from the periphery to the spinal cord can be evaluated directly by intra-axonal recording of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) or indirectly by intraspinal microstimulation (excitability testing). Excitability testing is superior for use in normal behaving animals, because this methodology bypasses the technically challenging intra-axonal recording. However, use of excitability testing on the muscle or joint afferent in intact animals presents its own technical challenges. Because these afferents, in many cases, are mixed with motor axons in the

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Floeter, M. K., and A. Lev-Tov. "Excitation of lumbar motoneurons by the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the in vitro brain stem spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 6 (1993): 2241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2241.

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1. The excitation of lumbar motoneurons by reticulospinal axons traveling in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) was investigated in the newborn rat using intracellular recordings from lumbar motoneurons in an in vitro preparation of the brain stem and spinal cord. The tracer DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine) was introduced into the MLF of 6-day-old littermate rats that had been fixed with paraformaldehyde to evaluate the anatomic extent of this developing pathway. 2. Fibers labeled from the MLF by DiI were present in the cervical ventral and lateral white matte

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Wright, I. M., and W. H. J. Barker. "Morphologic and morphometric features of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the horse." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 05 (2014): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-14-03-0050.

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SummaryIntroduction: Accurate description of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is lacking and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to undertake morphologic and morphometic evaluations of these structures to assist in elucidating their functional and pathogenic roles in displacement of the SDFT from the calcaneal tuber.Method: Dissections were performed on 10 normal cadaveric hindlimbs. The anatomy was photographed to allow measurements at repeatable locations and differences in SDFT dimensions at the various locations were compared using a paired stude

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MURSCH, ANDRE, NILS BRENKE, and JOHANN WOLFGANG WÄGELE. "Results of the DIVA-1 Expedition of RV “Meteor” (Cruise M48:1):Three new species of Munnopsidae Sars, 1864 from abyssal depths of the AngolaBasin (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)." Zootaxa 1866, no. 1 (2008): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.23.

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Three new species of Munnopsidae, Eurycope monodon sp. nov., E. denticollis sp. nov. and Munneurycope Persephone sp. nov. are described from the deep sea of the Angola Basin in the southeast Atlantic. E. monodon and E. denticollis closely resemble E. glabra Kensley, 1978 in general appearance and in the peculiar shape of the female operculum with an apex shifted far frontally, but with a less pronounced medial lobe of antenna 1 article 1, presence of dorsal tubercles on the pleotelson and uropods with less reduced exopods. Eurycope monodon has a rostrum bearing a single anteromedian spinelike

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Zhao, Zeng Qi, Kerrie A. Davies, Evan C. Brenton-Rule, et al. "Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Diploscapteridae), from the ant Prolasius advenus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in New Zealand." Nematology 15, no. 1 (2013): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x649828.

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Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. was collected from the ant Prolasius advenus and its nests in native beech forests of the South Island, New Zealand. This is a new host record for the nematode genus and the first report of an ant associate from the southern hemisphere. Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. appears to be native to New Zealand. No males were found from collections from 16 nests, in agreement with previously published data on the other members of this genus, suggesting that males are absent or very rare. The adult females have bilateral symmetry of the head, characteristic dorsal and vent

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McNeill, John K., James C. Walton, Vitaly Ryu, and H. Elliott Albers. "The Excitatory Effects of GABA within the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Regulation of Na-K-2Cl Cotransporters (NKCCs) by Environmental Lighting Conditions." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 3 (2020): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420924271.

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a pacemaker that generates circadian rhythms and entrains them with the 24-h light-dark cycle (LD). The SCN is composed of 16,000 to 20,000 heterogeneous neurons in bilaterally paired nuclei. γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the primary neurochemical signal within the SCN and plays a key role in regulating circadian function. While GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, there is now evidence that GABA can also exert excitatory effects in the adult brain. Cation chloride cotransporters determine the effects of GABA on chloride equi

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Gerwing, Martin, Klaus Failing, Christine Peppler, et al. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Intra-Articular Structures in the Canine Stifle Joint after Implantation of a Titanium Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Plate." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 04 (2018): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647248.

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Objectives To determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of anatomical stifle structures with respect to implant positioning after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) using a titanium plate. Methods Selected sagittal and dorsal sequences of pre- and postoperative MRI (1.0 T scanner) of 13 paired (n = 26) sound cadaveric stifle joints were evaluated. The effect of susceptibility artifact on adjacent anatomical stifle structures was graded from 0 to 5. The impact of implant positioning regarding assessment score was calculated using Spearman's rank co

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Kim, Ji-Beom, Woo-Chun Lee, and Chihoon Ahn. "WBCT of Hallux Valgus Deformity." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00290.

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Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) is important for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, because high DMAA is a cause of recurrence and stiffness after surgery. However, the DMAA is not commonly measured on plain radiograph, because of its low reliability. The reliability would be increased, if we clearly understand anatomical structure of the DMAA in hallux valgus deformity. In the WBCT, we found that the DMAA was different between dorsal side and plantar side. The purposes of this study were to compare the degree of the DMAA between dorsal si

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Sørensen, Martin V., Seth Tyler, Matthew D. Hooge, and Peter Funch. "Organization of pharyngeal hard parts and musculature in Gnathostomula armata (Gnathostomulida: Gnathostomulidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 9 (2003): 1463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-135.

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The pharynx of Gnathostomula armata, like that of other members of the phylum Gnathostomulida, consists of a set of jaws, a basal plate, and a muscular bulb that encloses these cuticularized hard parts. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides additional information about the hard parts and shows that the dentition of the jaws is arranged in three rows: 710 teeth in a dorsal row, 1620 teeth in a medial row, and 20 teeth in a ventral row, a pattern different from that reported from light microscopy (LM). SEM also shows that the dentition of the basal plate is more like that

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Larsen, Ole Næsbye, and Franz Goller. "Direct observation of syringeal muscle function in songbirds and a parrot." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 1 (2002): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.1.25.

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SUMMARYThe role of syringeal muscles in controlling the aperture of the avian vocal organ, the syrinx, was evaluated directly for the first time by observing and filming through an endoscope while electrically stimulating different muscle groups of anaesthetised birds.In songbirds (brown thrashers, Toxostoma rufum, and cardinals, Cardinalis cardinalis), direct observations of the biomechanical effects of contraction largely confirm the functions of the intrinsic syringeal muscles proposed from indirect studies. Contraction of the dorsal muscles, m. syringealis dorsalis (dS) and m. tracheobronc

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Aličelebić, Selma, Zakira Mornjaković, and Zlata Kundurović. "Morphogenesis of the rat forebrain." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2004): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2004.3467.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Developmental process that leads to final forebrain shaping is a result of complex histogenetic and morphogenetic events. Comprehensions about brain development are based on observations carried out on onthogenetic successive stages. Microscopic analysis of brain together with analysis of serial sections gives information about shape the of some forebrain parts and basic relations between them. The aim of this study was to analyse morphogenesis in the earliest stages of rat's forebrain development.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Rat brains used in this study were obtained from Fish

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Sripanich, Yantarat, Maxwell Weinberg, Chamnanni Rungprai, Charles L. Saltzman, and Alexej Barg. "Change in the C1-M2 Distance after Simulated Purely Ligamentous Lisfranc Injury as Evaluated by Weightbearing CT Scans: A Match-Paired Cadaveric Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 2 (2020): 2473011420S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00015.

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Category: Trauma; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Introduction: The incidence of Lisfranc injury is higher than previously estimated, and more than two- thirds of these injuries are caused by low-energy trauma. This low-energy mechanism, common to the athletic population, tends to be distinctly characterized by a primarily ligamentous Lisfranc injury. Bilateral weightbearing radiographs are widely accepted as the gold standard and are able to diagnose instability by contralateral comparison. However, contrary to radiography, CT imaging is not obscured by metatarsals overlapping each oth

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Wakerley, J. B., T. S. Juss, R. Farrington, and C. D. Ingram. "Role of the paraventricular nucleus in controlling the frequency of milk ejection and the facilitatory effect of centrally administered oxytocin in the suckled rat." Journal of Endocrinology 125, no. 3 (1990): 467—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1250467.

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ABSTRACT The milk-ejection reflex was studied in anaesthetized, lactating Wistar rats in order to evaluate the contribution of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the patterning of milk ejection and the facilitatory action of centrally administered oxytocin. In the first series of experiments, radiofrequency lesions were performed and centred: (1) antero-dorsal to the PVN, damaging parts of the medial septum and anterior hypothalamus; (2) in the PVN, such that much of the parvocellular division was destroyed, but parts of the magnocellular division remained intact; or (3) in the PVN, destroyi

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von der Emde, G., and C. C. Bell. "Nucleus preeminentialis of mormyrid fish, a center for recurrent electrosensory feedback. I. Electrosensory and corollary discharge responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 1581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1581.

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1. The nucleus preeminentialis (PE) is a large central structure that projects both directly and indirectly to the electrosensory lobe (ELL) where the primary afferents from electroreceptors terminate. PE receives electrosensory input directly from ELL and also from higher stages of the electrosensory pathway. PE is thus an important part of a central feedback loop that returns electrosensory information from higher stages of the system to the initial stage in ELL. 2. This study describes the field potentials and single-unit activity that are evoked in PE by electrosensory stimuli and by corol

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Sripanich, Yantarat, Jesse Steadman, Nicola Krahenbuhl, Chamnanni Rungprai, Charles L. Saltzman, and Alexej Barg. "Asymmetric Lambda Sign on Axial Weightbearing CT Scans of the Foot: An Indicator to Aid in the Diagnosis of Subtle Lisfranc Instability?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2020): 2473011420S0045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00454.

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Category: Trauma; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Subtle Lisfranc instability, a spectrum of conditions resulting from trauma of individual structures within the Lisfranc ligamentous complex (LLC) including the dorsal- (DLL), interosseous- (ILL), and plantar Lisfranc ligaments (PLL) remain challenging to effectively diagnose. The current standard to asses these injuries is through bilateral weightbearing radiography. However, weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT), which provides a clearer visualization of osseous structures, joint spaces, and instability could also be utilized for e

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Cano Garcia, L., C. Dominguez, S. Garcia Diaz, R. Segura, J. M. Martín Martín, and F. G. Jiménez-Núñez. "AB1355-HPR THE IMPACT OF A STRUCTURED TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR THE DETECTION OF SYNOVITIS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND (MSUS) IN RHEUMATOLOGY NURSING." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1965.2–1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4732.

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Background:Objectives:To analyse the effect of a teaching intervention for the technical performance of a reduced index of ultrasound synovitis by nurses without previous experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS).Methods:Design: Quasi-experimental study of the before-after type. Protocol: The nurses received a theoretical-practical, face-to-face and intensive training of 8 hours, by an expert rheumatologist in musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), to perform the Perricone index, which assesses the presence of grey-scale synovitis (GS) and quantifies the presence of a power-doppler (PD) sign

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Haynes, Paula R., Bethany L. Christmann, and Leslie C. Griffith. "A single pair of neurons links sleep to memory consolidation in Drosophila melanogaster." eLife 4 (January 7, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.03868.

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Sleep promotes memory consolidation in humans and many other species, but the physiological and anatomical relationships between sleep and memory remain unclear. Here, we show the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, which are required for memory consolidation in Drosophila, are sleep-promoting inhibitory neurons. DPMs increase sleep via release of GABA onto wake-promoting mushroom body (MB) α'/β' neurons. Functional imaging demonstrates that DPM activation evokes robust increases in chloride in MB neurons, but is unable to cause detectable increases in calcium or cAMP. Downregulation of α'/β'

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Chu, Li-An, Chieh-Han Lu, Shun-Min Yang, et al. "Rapid single-wavelength lightsheet localization microscopy for clarified tissue." Nature Communications 10, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12715-3.

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Abstract Optical super-resolution microscopy allows nanoscale imaging of protein molecules in intact biological tissues. However, it is still challenging to perform large volume super-resolution imaging for entire animal organs. Here we develop a single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet method, optimized for refractive-index matching with clarified specimens to overcome the aberrations encountered in imaging thick tissues. Using spontaneous blinking fluorophores to label proteins of interest, we resolve the morphology of most, if not all, dopaminergic neurons in the whole adult brain (3.64 × 107 µm

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