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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuroni corticali'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Masuda, Naoki, and Kazuyuki Aihara. "Spatiotemporal Spike Encoding of a Continuous External Signal." Neural Computation 14, no. 7 (2002): 1599–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08997660260028638.

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Interspike intervals of spikes emitted from an integrator neuron model of sensory neurons can encode input information represented as a continuous signal from a deterministic system. If a real brain uses spike timing as a means of information processing, other neurons receiving spatiotemporal spikes from such sensory neurons must also be capable of treating information included in deterministic interspike intervals. In this article, we examine functions of neurons modeling cortical neurons receiving spatiotemporal spikes from many sensory neurons. We show that such neuron models can encode sti

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Zhou, Xiaoming, and Philip H. S. Jen. "Corticofugal Modulation of Multi-Parametric Auditory Selectivity in the Midbrain of the Big Brown Bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 5 (2007): 2509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00613.2007.

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Corticofugal modulation of sub-cortical auditory selectivity has been shown previously in mammals for frequency, amplitude, time, and direction domains in separate studies. As such, these studies do not show if multi-parametric corticofugal modulation can be mediated through the same sub-cortical neuron. Here we specifically studied corticofugal modulation of best frequency (BF), best amplitude (BA), and best azimuth (BAZ) at the same neuron in the inferior colliculus of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, using focal electrical stimulation in the auditory cortex. Among 53 corticofugally inhi

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Wright, Nathaniel C., Mahmood S. Hoseini, Tansel Baran Yasar, and Ralf Wessel. "Coupling of synaptic inputs to local cortical activity differs among neurons and adapts after stimulus onset." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 6 (2017): 3345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00398.2017.

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Cortical activity contributes significantly to the high variability of sensory responses of interconnected pyramidal neurons, which has crucial implications for sensory coding. Yet, largely because of technical limitations of in vivo intracellular recordings, the coupling of a pyramidal neuron’s synaptic inputs to the local cortical activity has evaded full understanding. Here we obtained excitatory synaptic conductance ( g) measurements from putative pyramidal neurons and local field potential (LFP) recordings from adjacent cortical circuits during visual processing in the turtle whole brain

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Alloway, K. D., M. J. Johnson, and M. B. Wallace. "Thalamocortical interactions in the somatosensory system: interpretations of latency and cross-correlation analyses." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 3 (1993): 892–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.892.

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1. Isolated extracellular neuronal responses to cutaneous stimulation were simultaneously recorded from corresponding peripheral representations in the ventrobasal nucleus and primary somatosensory cortex of intact, halothane-anesthetized rats. Thalamic and cortical neurons representing hairy skin on the forelimb were activated by hair movements produced by a series of 50 or 100 discrete air jets. A corresponding set of neurons representing the glabrous pads of the hind paw were activated by a similar number of punctate mechanical displacements. 2. Cortical electrode penetrations were histolog

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Yamamoto, T., N. Yuyama, T. Kato, and Y. Kawamura. "Gustatory responses of cortical neurons in rats. II. Information processing of taste quality." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 6 (1985): 1356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.6.1356.

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The present report was designed to investigate neural coding of taste information in the cerebral cortical taste area of rats. The magnitude and/or type (excitatory, inhibitory, or no-response) of responses of 111 cortical neurons evoked by single concentrations of the four basic taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine HCl) were subjected to four types of analyses in the context of the four proposed hypotheses of taste-quality coding: across-neuron response-pattern, labeled-line, matrix-pattern, and across-region response-pattern notions (88 histologically located neurons). An across-ne

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Shinomoto, Shigeru, Keisetsu Shima, and Jun Tanji. "Differences in Spiking Patterns Among Cortical Neurons." Neural Computation 15, no. 12 (2003): 2823–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603322518759.

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Spike sequences recorded from four cortical areas of an awake behaving monkey were examined to explore characteristics that vary among neurons. We found that a measure of the local variation of interspike intervals, LV, is nearly the same for every spike sequence for any given neuron, while it varies significantly among neurons. The distributions of LV values for neuron ensembles in three of the four areas were found to be distinctly bimodal. Two groups of neurons classified according to the spiking irregularity exhibit different responses to the same stimulus. This suggests that neurons in ea

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Unda, Brianna K., Vickie Kwan, and Karun K. Singh. "Neuregulin-1 Regulates Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Dendrite and Synapse Growth through DISC1." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7694385.

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Cortical inhibitory neurons play crucial roles in regulating excitatory synaptic networks and cognitive function and aberrant development of these cells have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. The secreted neurotrophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4 are established regulators of inhibitory neuron connectivity, but the developmental signalling mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that NRG1-ErbB4 signalling functions through the multifunctional scaffold protein, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), to regulate the de

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Doll, C. J., P. W. Hochachka, and P. B. Reiner. "Effects of anoxia and metabolic arrest on turtle and rat cortical neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 4 (1991): R747—R755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.4.r747.

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The responses of turtle and rat cortical pyramidal neurons to various pharmacological treatments were measured using intracellular recordings. Turtle neurons survived both anoxia and pharmacological anoxia for 180 min with no noticeable effect. Rat pyramidal neurons responded with a loss in membrane resistance, followed by a transient hyperpolarization, and a subsequent depolarization to a zero membrane potential (41.3 +/- 6.5 min, anoxia; 25.8 +/- 12.6 min, pharmacological anoxia). Metabolic arrest caused a rapid loss in membrane resistance, transient hyperpolarization, and a rapid depolariza

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Collins, Christine E., Emily C. Turner, Eva Kille Sawyer, et al. "Cortical cell and neuron density estimates in one chimpanzee hemisphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 3 (2016): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524208113.

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The density of cells and neurons in the neocortex of many mammals varies across cortical areas and regions. This variability is, perhaps, most pronounced in primates. Nonuniformity in the composition of cortex suggests regions of the cortex have different specializations. Specifically, regions with densely packed neurons contain smaller neurons that are activated by relatively few inputs, thereby preserving information, whereas regions that are less densely packed have larger neurons that have more integrative functions. Here we present the numbers of cells and neurons for 742 discrete locatio

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Murray, Peter D., and Asaf Keller. "Somatosensory response properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in rat motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 3 (2011): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01089.2010.

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In sensory cortical networks, peripheral inputs differentially activate excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Inhibitory neurons typically have larger responses and broader receptive field tuning compared with excitatory neurons. These differences are thought to underlie the powerful feedforward inhibition that occurs in response to sensory input. In the motor cortex, as in the somatosensory cortex, cutaneous and proprioceptive somatosensory inputs, generated before and during movement, strongly and dynamically modulate the activity of motor neurons involved in a movement and ultimately shape cor

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Lytton, William W., Diego Contreras, Alain Destexhe, and Mircea Steriade. "Dynamic Interactions Determine Partial Thalamic Quiescence in a Computer Network Model of Spike-and-Wave Seizures." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (1997): 1679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1679.

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Lytton, William W., Diego Contreras, Alain Destexhe, and Mircea Steriade. Dynamic interactions determine partial thalamic quiescence in a computer network model of spike-and-wave seizures. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1679–1696, 1997. In vivo intracellular recording from cat thalamus and cortex was performed during spontaneous spike-wave seizures characterized by synchronously firing cortical neurons correlated with the electroencephalogram. During these seizures, thalamic reticular (RE) neurons discharged with long spike bursts riding on a depolarization, whereas thalamocortical (TC) neurons were eit

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Aldohbeyb, Ahmed A., and Ahmad O. Alokaily. "Cortical Neurons Adjust the Action Potential Onset Features as a Function of Stimulus Type." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810158.

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Pyramidal neurons and interneurons play critical roles in regulating the neuronal activities in the mammalian cortex, where they exhibit different firing patterns. Pyramidal neurons mainly exhibit regular-spiking firing patterns, while interneurons have fast-spiking firing patterns. Cortical neurons have distinct action potential onset dynamics, in which the evoked action potential is rapid and highly variable. However, it is still unclear how cortical regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons discriminate between different types of stimuli by changing their action potential onset parameters. T

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Suri, Roland E., and Wolfram Schultz. "Temporal Difference Model Reproduces Anticipatory Neural Activity." Neural Computation 13, no. 4 (2001): 841–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014376.

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Anticipatory neural activity preceding behaviorally important events has been reported in cortex, striatum, and midbrain dopamine neurons. Whereas dopamine neurons are phasically activated by reward-predictive stimuli, anticipatory activity of cortical and striatal neurons is increased during delay periods before important events. Characteristics of dopa-mine neuron activity resemble those of the prediction error signal of the temporal difference (TD) model of Pavlovian learning (Sutton & Barto, 1990). This study demonstrates that the prediction signal of the TD model reproduces characteri

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Reyes, Laura D., Tessa Harland, Roger L. Reep, Chet C. Sherwood, and Bob Jacobs. "Golgi Analysis of Neuron Morphology in the Presumptive Somatosensory Cortex and Visual Cortex of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 87, no. 2 (2016): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445495.

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The current study investigates neuron morphology in presumptive primary somatosensory (S1) and primary visual (V1) cortices of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) as revealed by Golgi impregnation. Sirenians, including manatees, have an aquatic lifestyle, a large body size, and a relatively large lissencephalic brain. The present study examines neuron morphology in 3 cortical areas: in S1, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2) and in V1, dorsolateral cortex area 4 (DL4). Neurons exhibited a variety of morphological types, with pyramidal neurons being

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Turner, Emily C., Nicole A. Young, Jamie L. Reed, et al. "Distributions of Cells and Neurons across the Cortical Sheet in Old World Macaques." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 1 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446762.

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According to previous research, cell and neuron densities vary across neocortex in a similar manner across primate taxa. Here, we provide a more extensive examination of this effect in macaque monkeys. We separated neocortex from the underlying white matter in 4 macaque monkey hemispheres (1 Macaca nemestrina, 2 Macaca radiata, and 1 Macaca mulatta), manually flattened the neocortex, and divided it into smaller tissue pieces for analysis. The number of cells and neurons were determined for each piece across the cortical sheet using flow cytometry. Primary visual cortex had the most densely pac

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Shoykhet, Michael, and Daniel J. Simons. "Development of Thalamocortical Response Transformations in the Rat Whisker-Barrel System." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (2008): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01063.2007.

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Extracellular single-unit recordings were used to characterize responses of thalamic barreloid and cortical barrel neurons to controlled whisker deflections in 2, 3-, and 4-wk-old and adult rats in vivo under fentanyl analgesia. Results indicate that response properties of thalamic and cortical neurons diverge during development. Responses to deflection onsets and offsets among thalamic neurons mature in parallel, whereas among cortical neurons responses to deflection offsets become disproportionately smaller with age. Thalamic neuron receptive fields become more multiwhisker, whereas those of

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Wu, Erxi, Dan Qi, Damir Nizamutdinov, and Jason H. Huang. "Astrocytic calcium waves: unveiling their roles in sleep and arousal modulation." Neural Regeneration Research 19, no. 5 (2023): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.385287.

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Abstract Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s connectome. Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network, particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in mammals. Studies on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between neurons. Astrocytes, outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold, support and regulate neuronal and synaptic function. Recent research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the inf

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Shinomoto, Shigeru, Youichi Miyazaki, Hiroshi Tamura, and Ichiro Fujita. "Regional and Laminar Differences in In Vivo Firing Patterns of Primate Cortical Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00896.2004.

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The firing rates of cortical neurons change in time; yet, some aspects of their in vivo firing characteristics remain unchanged and are specific to individual neurons. A recent study has shown that neurons in the monkey medial motor areas can be grouped into 2 firing types, “likely random” and “quasi-regular,” according to a measure of local variation of interspike intervals. In the present study, we extended this analysis to area TE of the inferior temporal cortex and addressed whether this classification applies generally to different cortical areas and whether different types of neurons sho

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Johnson, M. J., and K. D. Alloway. "Cross-correlation analysis reveals laminar differences in thalamocortical interactions in the somatosensory system." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (1996): 1444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1444.

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1. Spontaneous and stimulus-induced activity were recorded from corresponding somatotopic representations in the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus and primary somatosensory (SI) cortex of intact, halothane-anesthetized cats. Thalamic and cortical neurons with overlapping receptive fields on the hairy skin of the forelimb were excited by a series of interleaved air jets aimed at multiple skin sites. 2. The laminar locations of 68% (240 of 355) of the neurons recorded in SI cortex were histologically reconstructed and responses of these 240 SI neurons were analyzed with respect

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Karnani, Mahesh M., and Jesse Jackson. "Interneuron Cooperativity in Cortical Circuits." Neuroscientist 24, no. 4 (2017): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858417733719.

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Neocortical neurons tend to be coactive in groups called ensembles. However, sometimes, individual neurons also spike alone, independent of the ensemble. What processes regulate the transition between individual and cooperative action? Inspired by classical work in biochemistry, we apply the concept of neuronal cooperativity to explore this question. With a focus on neocortical inhibitory interneurons, we offer a working definition of neuronal cooperativity, review its recorded incidences and proposed mechanisms, and describe experimental approaches that will demonstrate and further describe t

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Yu, Huan-Ling, Li Li, Xiao-Hong Zhang та ін. "Neuroprotective effects of genistein and folic acid on apoptosis of rat cultured cortical neurons induced by β-amyloid 31-35". British Journal of Nutrition 102, № 5 (2009): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509243042.

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Genistein and folic acid have been reported respectively to protect against the development of cognitive dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism(s) for this protection remain unknown. In this report, the mechanism(s) contributing to the neuroprotective effects of genistein and folic acid were explored using rat cortical neuron cultures. We found that genistein and folic acid, both separately and collaboratively, increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in β-amyloid (Aβ) 31-35-treated neurons. Furthermore, reduced percentage of comet cells and shortened tail length w

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Tsubomoto, Makoto, Rika Kawabata, Xiaonan Zhu, et al. "Expression of Transcripts Selective for GABA Neuron Subpopulations across the Cortical Visuospatial Working Memory Network in the Healthy State and Schizophrenia." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 8 (2018): 3540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy227.

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Abstract Visuospatial working memory (WM), which is impaired in schizophrenia, depends on a distributed network including visual, posterior parietal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions. Within each region, information processing is differentially regulated by subsets of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons that express parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In schizophrenia, WM impairments have been associated with alterations of PV and SST neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Here, we quantified transcripts selectively expressed in GABA

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Madsen, Jesper Guldsmed, Jakob Appel Østergaard, Henning Andersen, and Michael Pedersen. "Attenuation of Cortically Evoked Motor-Neuron Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Study about the Effect of Diabetes upon Cortical-Initiated Movement." BioMed Research International 2020 (February 26, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1942534.

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Aims/Hypothesis. The complications affecting the peripheral nervous system, associated with diabetes mellitus, have been the focus of considerable research. Comparably less research has focused upon the effect of diabetes upon the central nervous system. In this study, we investigate the effect of diabetes upon motor-neuron potentials evoked in the motor cortex of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Methods. In this study, we investigated the cortical-evoked motor-neuron potentials in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cortical potentials were evoked using direct current stimulation to the motor

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Khatri, Vivek, Randy M. Bruno, and Daniel J. Simons. "Stimulus-Specific and Stimulus-Nonspecific Firing Synchrony and Its Modulation by Sensory Adaptation in the Whisker-to-Barrel Pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 5 (2009): 2328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91151.2008.

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The stimulus-evoked response of a cortical neuron depends on both details of the afferent signal and the momentary state of the larger network in which it is embedded. Consequently, identical sensory stimuli evoke highly variable responses. Using simultaneous recordings of thalamic barreloid and/or cortical barrel neurons in the rat whisker-to-barrel pathway, we determined the extent to which the responses of pairs of cells covary on a trial-by-trial basis. In the thalamus and cortical layer IV, a substantial component of trial-to-trial variability is independent of the specific parameters of

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Nick, Christoph, Sandeep Yadav, Ravi Joshi, Christiane Thielemann, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (September 17, 2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.169.

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The growth of cortical neurons on three dimensional structures of spatially defined (structured) randomly oriented, as well as on vertically aligned, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is studied. Cortical neurons are attracted towards both types of CNT nano-architectures. For both, neurons form clusters in close vicinity to the CNT structures whereupon the randomly oriented CNTs are more closely colonised than the CNT pillars. Neurons develop communication paths via neurites on both nanoarchitectures. These neuron cells attach preferentially on the CNT sidewalls of the vertically aligned CNT architecture

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HAYOT, FERNAND, and DANIEL TRANCHINA. "Modeling corticofugal feedback and the sensitivity of lateral geniculate neurons to orientation discontinuity." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 6 (2001): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801186037.

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We model feedback from primary visual cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). This feedback makes dLGN neurons sensitive to orientation discontinuity (Sillito et al., 1993; Cudeiro & Sillito, 1996). In the model, each dLGN neuron receives retinotopic input driven by layer 6 cortical neurons in a full set of orientation columns. Excitation is monosynaptic, while inhibition is through perigeniculate neurons and dLGN interneurons. The stimulus consists of drifting gratings, one within and the other outside a circular region centered over the receptive field of the model dLGN r

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Sadeh, Sadra, and Claudia Clopath. "Theory of neuronal perturbome in cortical networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (2020): 26966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004568117.

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To unravel the functional properties of the brain, we need to untangle how neurons interact with each other and coordinate in large-scale recurrent networks. One way to address this question is to measure the functional influence of individual neurons on each other by perturbing them in vivo. Application of such single-neuron perturbations in mouse visual cortex has recently revealed feature-specific suppression between excitatory neurons, despite the presence of highly specific excitatory connectivity, which was deemed to underlie feature-specific amplification. Here, we studied which connect

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Jia, Xiaoxuan, Joshua H. Siegle, Corbett Bennett, et al. "High-density extracellular probes reveal dendritic backpropagation and facilitate neuron classification." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (2019): 1831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00680.2018.

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Different neuron types serve distinct roles in neural processing. Extracellular electrical recordings are extensively used to study brain function but are typically blind to cell identity. Morphoelectrical properties of neurons measured on spatially dense electrode arrays have the potential to distinguish neuron types. We used high-density silicon probes to record from cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain. Extracellular waveforms of each neuron were detected across many channels and showed distinct spatiotemporal profiles among brain regions. Classification of neurons by brain r

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Ratié, Leslie, Elodie Desmaris, Fernando García-Moreno, et al. "Loss of Dmrt5 Affects the Formation of the Subplate and Early Corticogenesis." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 5 (2019): 3296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz310.

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Abstract Dmrt5 (Dmrta2) and Dmrt3 are key regulators of cortical patterning and progenitor proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we show an altered apical to intermediate progenitor transition, with a delay in SP neurogenesis and premature birth of Ctip2+ cortical neurons in Dmrt5−/− mice. In addition to the cortical progenitors, DMRT5 protein appears present in postmitotic subplate (SP) and marginal zone neurons together with some migrating cortical neurons. We observed the altered split of preplate and the reduced SP and disturbed radial migration of cortical neurons into cortica

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Mikhailova, Alexandra, Naveena Sunkara, and Patrick S. McQuillen. "Unbiased Quantification of Subplate Neuron Loss following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in a Rat Model." Developmental Neuroscience 39, no. 1-4 (2017): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000460815.

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Background: Cellular targets of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) include both oligodendrocyte and neuronal lineages with differences in the patterns of vulnerable cells depending upon the developmental stage at which the injury occurs. Injury to the developing white matter is a characteristic feature of human preterm brain injury. Data are accumulating, however, for neuronal injury in the developing cerebral cortex. In the most widely used rodent model of preterm HI brain injury, conflicting data have been reported regarding the sensitivity of subplate neurons to early neonatal HI, with some rep

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Liu, X.-S., X.-L. Bai, Z.-X. Wang, S.-Y. Xu, Y. Ma, and Z.-N. Wang. "Nrf2 mediates the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane preconditioning in cortical neuron injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation." Human & Experimental Toxicology 40, no. 7 (2021): 1163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327121989416.

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Objective: To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury. Methods: Primary mouse cortical neurons were divided into Control, ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor), Iso, Iso + ML385, OGD, ML385 + OGD, Iso + OGD, and Iso + ML385 + OGD groups. Lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) release and oxidative stress indexes were quantified. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/propi

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Reid, C. B., S. F. Tavazoie, and C. A. Walsh. "Clonal dispersion and evidence for asymmetric cell division in ferret cortex." Development 124, no. 12 (1997): 2441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.12.2441.

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Cell lineage analysis with retroviral libraries suggests that clonal progeny disperse widely in rodent cortex. To determine whether widespread dispersion is a general mammalian plan and to investigate phylogenetic differences in cortical development, we analyzed cell lineage in the ferret, a carnivore and near relative of the cat. The ferret possesses a highly developed, folded cerebral cortex, characteristic of higher mammalian species. Progenitor cells of the ferret cerebral cortex were tagged with an amphotropic retroviral library encoding alkaline phosphatase, and sibling relationships wer

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Duque, A., B. Balatoni, L. Detari, and L. Zaborszky. "EEG Correlation of the Discharge Properties of Identified Neurons in the Basal Forebrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 3 (2000): 1627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1627.

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The basal forebrain (BF) is a heterogeneous structure located in the ventral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres. It contains cholinergic as well as different types of noncholinergic corticopetal neurons and interneurons, including GABAergic and peptidergic cells. The BF constitutes an extrathalamic route to the cortex, and its activity is associated with an increase in cortical release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, concomitant with electroencephalographic (EEG) low-voltage fast activity (LVFA). However, the specific role of the different BF cell types has largely remained unknown due

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Wertz, Adrian, Stuart Trenholm, Keisuke Yonehara, et al. "Single-cell–initiated monosynaptic tracing reveals layer-specific cortical network modules." Science 349, no. 6243 (2015): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1687.

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Individual cortical neurons can selectively respond to specific environmental features, such as visual motion or faces. How this relates to the selectivity of the presynaptic network across cortical layers remains unclear. We used single-cell–initiated, monosynaptically restricted retrograde transsynaptic tracing with rabies viruses expressing GCaMP6s to image, in vivo, the visual motion–evoked activity of individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and their presynaptic networks across layers in mouse primary visual cortex. Neurons within each layer exhibited similar motion direction preferences,

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Contreras, Diego, Niklaus Dürmüller, and Mircea Steriade. "Absence of a Prevalent Laminar Distribution of IPSPs in Association Cortical Neurons of Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 5 (1997): 2742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2742.

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Contreras, Diego, Niklaus Dürmüller, and Mircea Steriade. Absence of a prevalent laminar distribution of IPSPs in association cortical neurons of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2742–2753, 1997. The depth distribution of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) was studied in cat suprasylvian (association) cortex in vivo. Single and dual simultaneous intracellular recordings from cortical neurons were performed in the anterior part of suprasylvian gyrus (area 5). Synaptic responses were obtained by stimulating the suprasylvian cortex, 2–3 mm anterior to the recording site, as well as the thalamic

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Bruno, Golosio, Tiddia Gianmarco, De Luca Chiara, Pastorelli Elena, Simula Francesco, and Stanislao PAOLUCCI Pier. "Fast Simulations of Highly-Connected Spiking Cortical Models Using GPUs." Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 15 (February 17, 2021): 13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4661404.

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Over the past decade there has been a growing interest in the development of parallel hardware systems for simulating large-scale networks of spiking neurons. Compared to other highly-parallel systems, GPU-accelerated solutions have the advantage of a relatively low cost and a great versatility, thanks also to the possibility of using the CUDA-C/C++ programming languages. NeuronGPU is a GPU library for large-scale simulations of spiking neural network models, written in the C++ and CUDA-C++ programming languages, based on a novel spike-delivery algorithm. This library includes simple LIF (leak

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Raffi, Milena, Alessandro Piras, Roberta Calzavara, and Salvatore Squatrito. "Area PEc Neurons Use a Multiphasic Pattern of Activity to Signal the Spatial Properties of Optic Flow." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6495872.

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The cortical representation of visual perception requires the integration of several-signal processing distributed across many cortical areas, but the neural substrates of such perception are largely unknown. The type of firing pattern exhibited by single neurons is an important indicator of dynamic circuitry within or across cortical areas. Neurons in area PEc are involved in the spatial mapping of the visual field; thus, we sought to analyze the firing pattern of activity of PEc optic flow neurons to shed some light on the cortical processing of visual signals. We quantified the firing activ

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Llamosas, Nerea, Sheldon D. Michaelson, Thomas Vaissiere, Camilo Rojas, Courtney A. Miller, and Gavin Rumbaugh. "Syngap1 regulates experience-dependent cortical ensemble plasticity by promoting in vivo excitatory synapse strengthening." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34 (2021): e2100579118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100579118.

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A significant proportion of autism risk genes regulate synapse function, including plasticity, which is believed to contribute to behavioral abnormalities. However, it remains unclear how impaired synapse plasticity contributes to network-level processes linked to adaptive behaviors, such as experience-dependent ensemble plasticity. We found that Syngap1, a major autism risk gene, promoted measures of experience-dependent excitatory synapse strengthening in the mouse cortex, including spike-timing–dependent glutamatergic synaptic potentiation and presynaptic bouton formation. Synaptic depressi

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Clark, Courtney M., Rosemary M. Clark, Joshua A. Hoyle, Jyoti A. Chuckowree, Catriona A. McLean, and Tracey C. Dickson. "Differential NPY-Y1 Receptor Density in the Motor Cortex of ALS Patients and Familial Model of ALS." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080969.

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Destabilization of faciliatory and inhibitory circuits is an important feature of corticomotor pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While GABAergic inputs to upper motor neurons are reduced in models of the disease, less understood is the involvement of peptidergic inputs to upper motor neurons in ALS. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been shown to confer neuroprotection against numerous pathogenic mechanisms implicated in ALS. However, little is known about how the NPY system functions in the motor system. Herein, we investigate post-synaptic NPY signaling on upper motor neuro

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McKenna, William L., Christian F. Ortiz-Londono, Thomas K. Mathew, Kendy Hoang, Sol Katzman, and Bin Chen. "Mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 promotes subcerebral projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (2015): 11702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504144112.

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Generation of distinct cortical projection neuron subtypes during development relies in part on repression of alternative neuron identities. It was reported that the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for proper development of callosal neuron identity and represses expression of genes that are essential for subcerebral axon development. Surprisingly, Satb2 has recently been shown to be necessary for subcerebral axon development. Here, we unravel a previously unidentified mechanism underlying this paradox. We show that SATB2 directly activates transcription of forebr

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Buren, Caodu, Gaqi Tu, Matthew P. Parsons, Marja D. Sepers, and Lynn A. Raymond. "Influence of cortical synaptic input on striatal neuronal dendritic arborization and sensitivity to excitotoxicity in corticostriatal coculture." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 2 (2016): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00933.2015.

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Corticostriatal cocultures are utilized to recapitulate the cortex-striatum connection in vitro as a convenient model to investigate the development, function, and regulation of synapses formed between cortical and striatal neurons. However, optimization of this dissociated neuronal system to more closely reproduce in vivo circuits has not yet been explored. We studied the effect of varying the plating ratio of cortical to striatal neurons on striatal spiny projection neuron (SPN) characteristics in primary neuronal cocultures. Despite the large difference in cortical-striatal neuron ratio (1:

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Cissé, Youssouf, François Grenier, Igor Timofeev, and Mircea Steriade. "Electrophysiological Properties and Input-Output Organization of Callosal Neurons in Cat Association Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (2003): 1402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.0871.2002.

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Intracellular recordings from association cortical areas 5 and 7 were performed in cats under barbiturate or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia to investigate the activities of different classes of neurons involved in callosal pathways, which were electrophysiologically characterized by depolarizing current steps. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), and/or antidromic responses were elicited by stimulating homotopic sites in the contralateral cortical areas. Differential features of EPSPs related to latencies, amplitudes, and slopes were detected in

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Yuan, Wen, Sai Ma, Juliana R. Brown, et al. "Temporally divergent regulatory mechanisms govern neuronal diversification and maturation in the mouse and marmoset neocortex." Nature Neuroscience 25, no. 8 (2022): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01123-4.

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AbstractMammalian neocortical neurons span one of the most diverse cell type spectra of any tissue. Cortical neurons are born during embryonic development, and their maturation extends into postnatal life. The regulatory strategies underlying progressive neuronal development and maturation remain unclear. Here we present an integrated single-cell epigenomic and transcriptional analysis of individual mouse and marmoset cortical neuron classes, spanning both early postmitotic stages of identity acquisition and later stages of neuronal plasticity and circuit integration. We found that, in both sp

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Zhang, Mengliang, and Kevin D. Alloway. "Stimulus-Induced Intercolumnar Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex: A Laminar Analysis." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01272.2003.

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We used cross-correlation analysis to characterize the coordination of stimulus-induced neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory barrel cortex of isoflurane-anesthetized rats. On each trial, multiple whiskers were simultaneously deflected at frequencies that corresponded to 2, 5, 8, or 11 Hz. Among 476 neuron pairs that we examined, 342 (71.8%) displayed significant peaks of synchronized activity that exceeded the 99.9% confidence limits. The incidence and strength of these functional associations varied across different cortical layers. Only 52.9% of neuron pairs in layer IV displayed s

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Trondoli, Giovanni, та Dario Saffioti. "Lo studio PET/TC delle placche β-amiloidi con 18F – FlorBetapir, 18F – FlorBetaben e 18F – Flutemetamol". Journal of Advanced Health Care 1, № 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36017/jahc20191437.

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La malattia di Alzheimer uccide circa 53.000 persone all’anno e circa 230.000 soggetti affetti dalla patologiarichiedono cure domiciliari. Questa patologia è caratterizzata microscopicamente dalla comparsa di sostanzaamiloide a livello della corteccia cerebrale con diminuzione del numero di neuroni corticali, in particolare neilobi frontali e temporo-parietali. Più nello specifico, colpisce alcune regioni encefaliche quali i nuclei della base,l’ippocampo e il giro dell’ippocampo, aree direttamente coinvolte nell’elaborazione dei ricordi. Negli ultimi anni, losviluppo dell’imaging PET ha reso p

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Trondoli, Giovanni, and Dario Saffioti. "Lo studio PET/TC delle placche ?-amiloidi con 18F – FlorBetapir, 18F – FlorBetaben e 18F – Flutemetamol." Journal of Advanced Health Care, July 17, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36017/jahc1907-003/.

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La malattia di Alzheimer uccide circa 53.000 persone all’anno e circa 230.000 soggetti affetti dalla patologia richiedono cure domiciliari. Questa patologia è caratterizzata microscopicamente dalla comparsa di sostanza amiloide a livello della corteccia cerebrale con diminuzione del numero di neuroni corticali, in particolare nei lobi frontali e temporo-parietali. Più nello specifico, colpisce alcune regioni encefaliche quali i nuclei della base, l’ippocampo e il giro dell’ippocampo, aree direttamente coinvolte nell’elaborazione dei ricordi. Negli ultimi anni, lo sviluppo dell’imaging PET ha r

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Park, Junchol, James W. Phillips, Jian-Zhong Guo, Kathleen A. Martin, Adam W. Hantman, and Joshua T. Dudman. "Motor cortical output for skilled forelimb movement is selectively distributed across projection neuron classes." Science Advances 8, no. 10 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5167.

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The interaction of descending neocortical outputs and subcortical premotor circuits is critical for shaping skilled movements. Two broad classes of motor cortical output projection neurons provide input to many subcortical motor areas: pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, which project throughout the neuraxis, and intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, which project within the cortex and subcortical striatum. It is unclear whether these classes are functionally in series or whether each class carries distinct components of descending motor control signals. Here, we combine large-scale neural recordings acr

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Kon, Kazuhiro, Koji L. Ode, Tomoyuki Mano, et al. "Cortical parvalbumin neurons are responsible for homeostatic sleep rebound through CaMKII activation." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50168-5.

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AbstractThe homeostatic regulation of sleep is characterized by rebound sleep after prolonged wakefulness, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this regulation are still unknown. In this study, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent activity control of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cortical neurons is involved in homeostatic regulation of sleep in male mice. Prolonged wakefulness enhances cortical PV-neuron activity. Chemogenetic suppression or activation of cortical PV neurons inhibits or induces rebound sleep, implying that rebound sleep is

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Will, Lena, Sybren Portegies, Jasper van Schelt, Merel van Luyk, Dick Jaarsma, and Casper C. Hoogenraad. "Dynein activating adaptor BICD2 controls radial migration of upper-layer cortical neurons in vivo." Acta Neuropathologica Communications 7, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0827-y.

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Abstract For the proper organization of the six-layered mammalian neocortex it is required that neurons migrate radially from their place of birth towards their designated destination. The molecular machinery underlying this neuronal migration is still poorly understood. The dynein-adaptor protein BICD2 is associated with a spectrum of human neurological diseases, including malformations of cortical development. Previous studies have shown that knockdown of BICD2 interferes with interkinetic nuclear migration in radial glial progenitor cells, and that Bicd2-deficient mice display an altered la

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Hatanaka, Yumiko, Kentaro Yamada, Tomoki Eritate, Yasuo Kawaguchi, and Tatsumi Hirata. "Neuronal fate resulting from indirect neurogenesis in the mouse neocortex." Cerebral Cortex 34, no. 11 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae439.

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Abstract Excitatory cortical neurons originate from cortical radial glial cells (RGCs). Initially, these neurons were thought to derive directly from RGCs (direct neurogenesis) and be distributed in an inside-out fashion. However, the discovery of indirect neurogenesis, whereby intermediate neuronal progenitors (INPs) generate neurons, challenged this view. To investigate the integration of neurons via these two modes, we developed a method to identify INP progeny and analyze their fate using transgenic mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the neurogenin-2 promoter, alongs

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