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Academic literature on the topic 'Neuroni spinosi striatali'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neuroni spinosi striatali"
SCIAMANNA, GIUSEPPE. "La disfunzione del recettore striatale D2 induce un’alterata trasmissione GABAergica in un modello murino di distonia DYT1." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/849.
Full textDYT1 dystonia is a severe form of inherited generalized dystonia, caused by a deletion in the DYT1 gene encoding the protein torsinA. The physiological function of torsinA is unclear, though it has been proposed to perform chaperone-like functions, assist in protein trafficking, membrane fusion and participate in secretory processing. Alterations in GABAergic signaling have been involved in the pathogenesis of dystonia. I recorded GABA- and glutamate-mediated synaptic currents from striatal neurons obtained from a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from mice expressing human mutant torsinA (hMT), we observed a significantly higher frequency, but not amplitude, of GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and miniature currents (mIPSCs), whereas glutamatergic spontaneous excitatory synaptic potentials (sEPSCs) activity was normal. No alterations were found in mice overexpressing normal human torsinA (hWT). To identify the possible sources of the increased GABAergic tone, I recorded GABAergic Fast-Spiking (FS) interneurons that exert a feed-forward inhibition on MSNs. Both sEPSC and sIPSC recorded from hMT FS interneurons were comparable to hWT and controls.In physiological conditions, dopamine (DA) D2 receptor act presynaptically to reduce striatal GABA release. Notably, application of the D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole failed to reduce the frequency of sIPSCs in MSNs from hMT as compared to hWT and controls. Likewise, the inhibitory effect of quinpirole was lost on evoked IPSCs both in MSNs and FS interneurons from hMT mice. My findings demonstrate a disinhibition of GABAergic synaptic activity, that can be partially attributed to a D2 DA receptor dysregulation. A rise in GABA transmission would result in a profound alteration of striatal output, that might be relevant to the pathogenesis of dystonia.
GHIGLIERI, VERONICA. "La proteina presinaptica Bassoon regola la plasticità sinaptica in cellule striatali: caratterizzazione elettrofisiologica, molecolare, morfologica e comportamentale di un modello sperimentale di epilessia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/804.
Full textAbsence of functional presynaptic scaffolding protein Bassoon (Bsn) in mutant mice is associated with the development of pronounced spontaneous seizures and with consistent alterations in neuronal activity and morphology of hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia network receives a strong glutamatergic series of inputs from cortical regions through the striatum and it has been involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However its functions, and in particular the role of the striatal microcircuit, in limiting epileptogenesis is still debated. To further investigate on the role of BG in limiting epileptic activity, we hypothesized that the spreading of epileptic seizures from the cortex to the striatum may alter both short and long-term excitability in two neuronal subtypes, the striatal fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FS) and the medium spiny (MS) neurons as an adaptive mechanism. To this end we first planned to study the epileptic phenotype and the learning skills of mutants. We then propose to characterize the plastic changes by electrophysiological recordings, molecular analyses and morphological studies. Epileptic seizures in mutant mice were video-recorded, classified and procedural learning and hippocampal-based learning skills were evaluated with a battery of behavioral tests. In vitro intracellular recordings were performed from corticostriatal slices obtained from Bsn mutants and WT mice while extracellular recordings were performed in hippocampal slices. Postsynaptic proteins were analyzed by Western blotting while morphological studies of FS and MS were performed in epileptic mice brain with Golgi-staining and unbiased immunohystochemical technique. Bsn mutant mice showed early-onset epileptic seizure development, which in adults were associated to a rearrangement of synaptic plasticity within the striatal microcircuit. In fact, although long-term depression (LTD) was equally expressed in both genotypes, the amplitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced in MS neurons of Bsn mutant mice was reduced compared to control, while hippocampal LTP was completely lost. The alteration in striatal plasticity was associated to differences in dendrite branching and spine maturation of MS neurons and to profound modifications of postsynaptic components expression in the whole striatum. In particular, in the striatum of epileptic mice, the NMDA subunit composition was found altered, the BDNF expression decreased and TrkB receptor upregulated. Interestingly, following high frequency stimulation protocol, GABAergic FS recorded from Bsn mutant mice expressed a NMDA and BDNF-dependent short-term potentiation that was absent in WT animals. Moreover FS interneurons were increased in number in the epileptic genotype. Behavioral tests for assessment of learning skills demonstrated that procedural learning capabilities are intact while hippocampal-based functions are compromised in epileptic mice providing evidences for a competition between the two memory systems. Our results indicate that while hippocampal synaptic plasticity is lost, striatal neuronal subtypes are differentially sensitive to continuous seizures and to the associated alterations of BDNF/TrkB signaling. These data suggest that changes of corticostriatal activity develop in early-onset epileptic conditions associated to the lack of functional Bsn. The reorganization of plasticity between neuronal subtypes may protect striatum and downstream BG nuclei from continuous cortical seizures in order to preserve striatal functions.
Books on the topic "Neuroni spinosi striatali"
Beninger, Richard J. Mechanisms of dopamine-mediated incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0012.
Full textBeninger, Richard J. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0001.
Full textBeninger, Richard J. Life's rewards. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.001.0001.
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