Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Neuropaludisme'
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Weiss, Asensio Valérie. "Neuropaludisme et monoxyde d'azote." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120005.
Full textVIGARIO, ANA MARGARIDA. "Cytokines et pathogenese du neuropaludisme murin." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077119.
Full textSow, Cissé. "Etude fonctionnelle et évolutive de l'adressage des protéines dans le genre Plasmodium : le cas de la zinc-aminopeptidase de P. falciparum." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0005.
Full textPlasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of human malaria. The increasing resistance of the malaria parasite to drugs has lead to the development of new trends. Proteases involved in essential metabolic pathways have been retained as potential targets to fight this parasite. Among these proteases, the aminopeptidase PfA-M1 seems to be a good candidate since it was shown that specific inhibitors of this enzyme can block parasite development. Encoded by a single copy gene in the P. Falciparum genome, PfA-M1 displays an optimal activity at pH 7. 4 and could play a role in haemoglobin degradation and/or red blood cells invasion. However its precise function in the parasite remains to be clarified, as recent studies on the localization of PfA-M1 have provided conflicting results. During this thesis, I focused my interest on the maturation process of PfA-M1 and on its traficking modalities to its final compartment of action. Such a project could provide a better understanding of the adaptative mechanisms acquired by this parasite during evolution. By immunofluorescence assays, using newly developed antibodies, PfA-M1 was localized in the cytoplasm of the parasite in vesicular structures. Biochemical analysis of three soluble forms of PfAM1 (p120, p96 and p68) resulted in evidence for their different subcellular localizations. The p120 form was found in the parasite and the parasitophorus vacuole, p96 was found in what seems to be vesicles in formation at the border of the parasite. The p68 form was found only in the parasite. These data suggest that after synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, p120 is sent to the parasitophorus vacuole and then processed into p96 form and finally returns to the parasite where it is found under the p68 form. To validate this model, we studied the effect of inhibitors disrupting haemoglobin uptake (mefloquine) or vesicular trafficking to the digestive vacuole (chloroquine). Our results showed that chloroquine favors the conversion of p120 into p96 while mefloquine causes an inverse effect. These two molecules also perturbe the targeting of PfA-M1 which localized in vesicles more intensively labelled in the parasite, in the presence of chloroquine and at the parasite's border, in the presence of mefloquine. Interestingly these vesicles are clearly distinct from those transporting haemoglobin to the digestive vacuole. To study the targeting signals of PfA-M1 by live imaging, we used plasmids allowing the expression of diverse domains of PfA-M1 genetically fused to the GFP. Expressed proteins present different locations which support the model that PfA-M1 uses the secretory pathway to reach its compartment of action. These results also suggest that the targeting signals of the enzyme are complex and probably localized in its N-terminal and C-terminal extremities. A theoretical study of the targeting signal conservation across the genus was undertaken by biocomputing analyses
Voza, Tatiana. "Co-infection et neuropaludisme dans un modèle murin." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120045.
Full textUsing Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice, one of the rare animal models of cerebral malaria (CM), this work aimed to study the interactions and mechanisms involved in mixed species infections. Our results showed a strong importance of species combination on the pathology induced by the infection. Thus, the development of CM was found to be unaltered for some parasite species combinations, whereas for P. Y. YoelII a complete abrogation of CM was observed. The migration to and sequestration of CD8+ T cells to the brain, previously demonstrated as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CM, was found to be abolished in the mice co-infected with the protective species. Duplication of the experiments using a line of PbA that express a green fluorescent protein constitutively, established a species-specific suppression of PbA multiplication in the combinations where CM is abrogated. Sequential parasite inoculations revealed that protection from CM conferred by P. Y. YoelII persisted for extended periods after the resolution of the parasitaemia due to this protective species and suggested different protection mechanisms following the timing of inoculation of the two parasites. Finally, the study of the histological phenotype of mice and particularly their hepatic hematopoiesis, underlined the " yoelII " profile of animals co-infected with PbA and P. Y. YoelII. Taken together these results demonstrate the major role of mixed species infections in modulating malaria pathology and suggest the need for the study of Plasmodium interactions in humans
Bienvenu, Anne-Lise. "Neuroprotection et neuropaludisme des souris et des hommes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10062.
Full textThere are at least 300 million cases of malaria each year, resulting in more than a million deaths. Cerebral malaria is the most severe complication of malaria especially in young African children. Besides drug resistance, another challenge in the fight against malaria is the protective treatment of the host combined to the conventional antimalarial treatment. This opportunity came with the consideration of cerebral malaria residual case fatality rate of about 20%, despite a timely adequate antimalarial treatment. This work describes the available experimental model of cerebral malaria, the place of neuroprotective therapies in this disease and the efficacy of two neuroprotective drugs, recombinant erythropoietin and statins, during experimental cerebral malaria. Last, a proof-of-concept study documented the relevance of neuroprotection during human cerebral malaria in endemic area
Voza, Tatiana Landau Irène Snounou Georges. "Co-infection et neuropaludisme dans un modèle murin." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0214555.pdf.
Full textBagot, Sébastien. "Etude des facteurs immunologiques et génétiques associés à la genèse du neuropaludisme induit par Plasmodium berghei ANKA." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066020.
Full textZougbédé, Sergine. "Développement de nouveaux modèles expérimentaux pour l'étude du neuropaludisme." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066314.
Full textAlloo, Jérémy. "Impact du microbiote intestinal sur le développement du neuropaludisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS004.
Full textCerebral malaria (CM) is a parasitic neuroinflammatory disease due to infection with Plasmodium (P.) falciparum. The neurophysiopathological process is mainly linked to the sequestration of parasite infected erythrocytes in brain microvessels and to the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells, which creates a neurotoxic environment via the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the recruitment to brain of pathological TCD8 lymphocytes. Recent findings on the gut-brain axis demonstrate the importance of the gut microbiota in modulating brain inflammation in different autoimmune neuropathological contexts such as Alzheimer or multiple sclerosis which share similarities with inflammatory mechanisms involved in CM. Here, we show that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota inhibits the development of CM. Indeed, CM susceptible mice with an altered gut microbiota due to treatment with a cocktail of antibiotics are protected from CM induced by infection with P. berghei ANKA. NGS analysis of the gut microbiota shown a change in the microbiome composition both in infected and treated-infected mice. This change correlated with the integrity of the brain blood and intestinal barriers. Indeed, akkermensia and parabacteroides, known for their anti-inflammatory properties, were among the most affected in CM infected resistant mice. Moreover, RTq-PCR analysis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines gene expression showed a reduction of the inflammatory response. In addition, flow cytometry analysis of astrocytes and microglia confirmed the decrease in their inflammatory phenotype during dysbiosis in infected mice similarly to mice resistant to CM. Altogether these results suggest that the gut microbiota composition can control brain inflammation by modulating the activity of glial cells during Malaria
Blanc, Anne-Laurence. "Rôle des cellules T régulatrices naturelles dans la pathogenèse du neuropaludisme expérimental." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066059.
Full textBeghdadi, Walid Hocine. "Etude du rôle de l'histamine et des récepteurs histaminiques dans des modèles murins d'infection par Plasmodium bergheï." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066539.
Full textLawson-Hogban, Nadou. "Etude de l'implication des facteurs High Mobility Group Box de Plasmodium dans l'établissement du neuropaludisme à l'aide d'un modèle expérimental murin." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066751.
Full textBelnoue, Elodie. "Etude de la migration leucocytaire vers le cerveau dans le neuropaludisme murin." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N062.
Full textCerebral malaria (CM) develops in a small proportion of persons infected with Plasmodium falciparum and accounts for a substantial proportion of the mortality due to this parasite. The occurence of cerebral malaria in P. Falciparum infection of humans is stongly associated with the sequestration of infected red blood cells and leucocytes in the brain capillaries. Usding an established P. Berghhei-mouse CM model, where 80 % of mice develop CM, we have investigated the role of host immune cells in the evolution of CM. We demonstrated an association between leucocyte accumulation and CM development. Moreover, CD8+ dieseβ T cells wich sequester in the brain at the time when neurological symptoms appear were responsible for CM mortality. Chemoattractants and chemokine receptors are required for leukocytes to migrate to organs. We have investigated the role of two chemokine receptor. CCR5 and CCR2 in leucocyte recruitment to the brain. Thus, we took advantage of the recently described CCR2-and CCR5-deficiant mice
Sanka, Michel. "Compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires et des facteurs génétiques impliqués dans le paludisme sévère : analyse des profils transcriptomiques et processus biologiques caractéristiques du neuropaludisme et méta-analyse sur des gènes associés à la résistance au paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0615/document.
Full textMalaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases that has affected an estimated 214 million people worldwide and caused nearly 600,000 deaths in 2015. It is caused by infection with the plasmodium parasite, P. falciparum and P. vivax are the most represented. The asexual development of the parasite in the blood causes the pathophysiology of the disease which can evolve from mild malaria to severe malaria, including cerebral malaria. Our work first focused on the analysis of the microarray transcriptome of blood cells of a cohort composed in Senegal. The analysis of the results allow to identify a set of genes whose expression permit to distinguish the transcriptomic profile of cerebral malaria from those of mild malaria and other forms of severe malaria. These genes are enriched in biological pathways involved in the activation of B and T lymphocyte receptors also TLRs and Fcgamma receptors. These genes also include several candidate proteins that have already been tested for resistance to malaria, including RNASE3 and IL1RN
Pino, Paco. "Analyse du rôle des molécules de transduction du signal dans la pathogenèse du neuropaludisme humain : application à l'identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066475.
Full textGUAZZETTI, DIDIER. "Physiopathologie du neuropaludisme : roles respectifs d'une cytokine : le tnf, et d'un medicament : le thalidomide." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1045.
Full textVianou, Koffi Bertin. "Analyse du système hôte-parasite chez le patient pour un traitement adapté du neuropaludisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES008.
Full textAnalysis of host-parasite interaction in cerebral malaria patients for appropriate treatment. Cerebral malaria, a fatal neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, occurs mainly in children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite treatment with intravenous artesunate, mortality remains high. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria will enable us to envisage new, more suitable types of treatment. A cohort of Beninese children presenting with either uncomplicated malaria (UM) or cerebral malaria (CM) was set up. Children with CM were followed up at three days and 1 month (D3, D30) after their inclusion in the study (D0). This thesis focused on three aspects of the host response through the following questions: 1) Is endothelial activation impacted by the type of parasite infecting the host? 2) Is the monocyte response affected during cerebral malaria? and 3) Can we identify specific biomarkers of death during cerebral malaria? Using a co-culture model (Hbec-5i and infected red blood cells -iRBCs- from patients), we showed́ by RT-qPCR that cytoadherence of infected red blood cells from children with CM to endothelial cells increased the expression level of the Nrf2 gene on the endothelial cells. Comparison between clinical groups (CM and UM) of endothelial activation biomarkers measured in co-culture supernatants (with or without contact between the two cell types) showed no significant difference. These results suggest that cytoadherence of iRBCs to ECs alone is not sufficient to induce the production of activation biomarkers by ECs. Concerning the impact of cerebral malaria on monocyte response, the results showed a decrease in the proportion of non-classical monocytes and an alteration in the phagocytosis capacity of total monocytes during acute cerebral malaria (D0), followed by a return to a normal distribution at D3 and then D30. Non-classical monocytes showed a better opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis capacity compared with the phagocytosis capacity of the classical and intermediate monocytes. Transcriptional profiling of monocytes revealed that malaria severity was associated with altered expression of CD16, CR1, CR3, TLR2, involved in opsonic phagocytosis, and Tim3, involved in modulating parasite clearance. These results suggest that non-classical monocytes play a key role in the immune response set up during cerebral malaria, and that monocyte function would be controlled at the transcriptomic level. Further studies are required to identify the origin of these control mechanisms. Finally, plasma and urinary biomarkers were measured in children suffering from cerebral malaria. Univariate analysis revealed associations between the occurrence of death from CM and elevated plasma levels of TNF, IL-1, IL-10, CXCL9, Granzyme B, angiopoietin-2 and low levels of urinary PGEM. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-8 appeared to be strongly associated with the occurrence of death for a plasma concentration 57.5 pg/mL at D0 followed by a rapid decreasing at D3 and D30 in surviving children. Biomarkers kinetics (D0, D3, D30) enabled us to distinguish a marker profiles of disease aggravation and resolution. This work reveals that cerebral malaria generates an activation of the antioxidant response by the vascular endothelium, as well as an alteration of the monocyte response via the diminished capacity of non-classical monocytes to eliminate iRBCs by phagocytosis. Furthermore, IL-8 as a biomarker associated with death also underlines the importance of the neutrophil response during cerebral malaria
Taudon, Nicolas. "Molécules inhibitrices du métabolisme phospholipidique de plasmodium : développement préclinique d'une nouvelle approche thérapeutique." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13507.
Full textKeita, Alassane Ndeye Sokhna. "Etude d'un modèle de neuropaludisme chez le rat et évaluation des effets pharmacologiques d'un candidat-médicament." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30379.
Full textCerebral malaria (CM) is the most deadly form of malaria. It is a neurological complication observed only in cases of infection with Plasmodium falciparum that affects mainly children under five years living in Sub-Saharan Africa and non-immune adults including pregnant women and tourists visiting endemic areas. Although clinical signs are well described (prostration, respiratory distress convulsions, coma), the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to CM are still unclear. Their elucidation in vivo is made difficult by the cerebral location and the low availability of autopsy data. Instead of limited access to human tissues, autopsy results have shown that CM results from a strong immune response linked to sequestration of infected red blood cells in the intravascular endothelium. Cerebral malaria management combines an etiological treatment with artemisinin derivatives or quinine and adjunct treatment of the multi-visceral failures, responsible of fatal outcome. P. berghei ANKA-infected mouse is widely used as experimental murine model of CM. However the relevance of this model is still questioned because of the histopathologic differences from the human form. Indeed, CM mice rarely exhibit the red blood cell sequestration that is a major feature of human CM. Furthermore, compared to mouse, the rat displays a closer immune response to human in Schistosoma infection. This PhD research project first aimed to implement and assess an alternative rat model of CM. The clinical, biological, histo-pathological features as well as the cytokine profiling of an experimental model of CM were characterized in Sprague Dawley rats infected with P. berghei strain K173. The strong similarity of the symptoms and lesions observed in this model with those reported in human CM confirms its high relevance. The second objective of this thesis project was to assess the pharmacological effects of a drug-candidate in adjunct treatment of CM. Results demonstrated a strong efficacy of the molecule tested with 47.8% of the treated CM rats showing total remission. Moreover we observed a 2- to 10-day survival gain in the treated CM rats group compared to the non-treated CM rat group. Preliminary data suggest that this drug-candidate may reverse the endothelial sequestration of parasitized red blood cells and so limit the neurological sequels related to CM. It is anticipated that the gain in survival associated with this drug-candidate use will extend the window of the etiological treatment time, thus significantly improving the global prognosis of CM. Further studies are needed to optimize this adjunct CM treatment protocol
Barbier, Mathieu. "Contrôle génétique de la résistance au paludisme chez l'homme : des études familiales d'association génétique à l'analyse de l'expression des gènes dans des modèles expérimentaux du paludisme humain." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22019.pdf.
Full textMalaria is a complex multifactorial disease. There is a growing body of evidence in favor of a genetic control of the infection, but many genes involved remain to be discovered. This work includes the results of family-based association analyses and genomic analyses from experimental models of cerebral malaria in order to better understand the genetic control and pathogenesis of malaria. Polymorphisms of 3 genes (IL12B, NCR3 and LTA) located in the genetic regions 5q31. 33 and 6p21. 23 previously linked to malaria were analyzed in study populations living in Burkina faso in malaria endemic area. This approach provided evidence for the association of polymorphisms in the promoter of genes coding for Nkp30 and lymphotoxin α with mild malaria attack and parasitemia respectively. The expression level of these 2 genes could be involved to explain the observed associations and also could be involved in the control of the disease. Besides, the use of microarray analyses allowed us to detect an early transcriptional response of brain tissue of mice infected by P. Berghei ANKA, discriminating susceptible and resistant mice in this experimental model of cerebral malaria. Brain endothelium plays a central role in this pathology. Thus, the study of human brain endothelial cells’ transcriptome in an in vitro model of cerebral malaria has highlighted the potential active role of the cerebral endothelium in the pathogenesis. Statistical and functional analyses clarified the influence of TNFα, platelets and parasitized red blood cells by P. Falciparum used in this model. Synthesis of the results coming from these 2 experimental models allowed us to propose new genes and physiological pathways potentially involved in human cerebral malaria. This work highlights the benefits of using familial genetic approaches and genomic analyses in order to discover new genes and polymorphisms involved in the genetic control of human malaria
Diakite, Boumbe Dandio. "Developpement d'un modele de barriere hemato-encephalique : analyse del'expression des recepteurs endotheliaux potentiels impliques dans la sequestration dans le cerveau des globules rouges parasites par plasmodium falciparum, agent du neuropaludisme (doctorat : microbiologie)." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA114842.
Full textMariotti-Ferrandiz, Maria de la Encarnacion. "Caractérisation de la diversité du répertoire lymphocytaire Tαβ murin au cours de l'infection par Plasmodium berghei ANKA." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066357.
Full textGuiyedi, Vincent. "Etude des anticorps auto-réactifs produits au cours de l'infection par Plasmodium falciparum : implication dans la protection ou la pathogenèse du neuropaludisme." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066507.
Full textCabantous, Sandrine. "Analyses génétiques de l'IFN-gamma, de l'IL-4 et du TNF dans le paludisme grave de l'enfant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20670.
Full textIn endemic malaria area, 5% of children infected by Plasmodium falciparum develop severe malaria (cerebral malaria and/or severe anaemia), and 1% of them die of the complications associated with serious forms. The aim of our study is to identify the immunologic and genetic factors that predispose to severe malaria, and explain that some children develop severe malaria whereas others develop only non complicated malaria. Cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes in blood vessels and an inadapted immune response, implicated IFN- (Interferon gamma), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and IL-4 (Interleukin-4), seem to play an important role in the severe malaria development in children. Our project has permitted to clarify the role of IFN-, TNF and IL-4 in the severe malaria pathogenesis, using genetic and immunological approach. Our results indicate that children with severe malaria (cerebral malaria and severe anaemia) have lower plasma IFN- levels and higher plasma IL-4 levels than children with uncomplicated malaria. Using familial association genetic studies, we have established that IFNG-183T allele, that increases IFNG expression, is associated with reduced risk to develop CM (p=9. 10-3), moreover IL4VNTR1/2 genotype (p=1. 10-4) is associated with increase risk to severe malaria. IL4VNTR1/2 has been associated to high plasma IL-4 level (p=10-2). On the other hand, our study does not show an association of TNF plasma levels, TNFA-308A/G and TNFA-238A/G with severe malaria. These results suggest a protective role of IFN- and an aggravating role of IL-4 in severe malaria
Vilatte, Sylvie. "Influence du neuropaludisme sur l'expression et la fonctionnalité des pompes d'efflux cérébrales : application au passage cerebral de la mefloquine." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114828.
Full textCerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. In this work, we studied the influence of CM on the cerebral uptake of mefloquine (MQ). Cerebral transport of drugs are restricted by efflux pumps in the blood-brain barrier as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). We studied the cerebral transport of MQ in healthy mice and infected mice and evaluated the role of the cerebral efflux pumps in this uptake. We showed that, in healthy mice, MQ is a P-gp substrate and that its cerebral uptake is stereoselective. In infected mice P-gp and BCRP activity is not altered by CM but the cerebral uptake of MQ is decreased. This modification of the cerebral pharmacokinetic of MQ could be due to the decrease of the cerebral blood flow reported by other authors in CM models
Narbey, Noëlle. "Rechute fébrile attribuée à une méningoencéphalite herpétique dans les suites d'un neuropaludisme : complication ou coincidence ? à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M100.
Full textMoussiliou, Azizath. "Paludisme A Plasmodium Falciparum pendant la grossesse et l'enfance : caractérisation moléculaire et immunologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066619.
Full textThis work aimed to characterize the burden of P. falciparum infections during pregnancy and to study the construction of the anti-PfEMP1 immunity in the early life. The first part discusses the consequence of infection and the effectiveness of treatments in the mother. This study on the cohort of women from a prospective study in Benin, demonstrated the impact of infections with low parasitemia on the maternal hemoglobin and low weight of the child. IPT-SP, has shown the limits of its ability to rid infected pregnant women in the processing of their parasite. Our results further support the need to find alternative means of prevention that provide better coverage of pregnancy. The second part treated the construction of the anti-PfEMP1 immunity in the first year of life in children. A major finding of this study is the demonstration that the acquisition of antibodies against the PfEMP1 associated with complications of malaria depends on patentes infections in children. The third part studies parasites phenotypes responsible of various clinical forms of malaria in African children aged 0-5 years. This study allowed finding a marker of poor prognosis of cerebral malaria. On a second component, we showed that isolates bind to ICAM-1, highly transcribe the genes encoding PfEMP1 containing DC8. These results raise the question of the role of EPCR in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria. The work developed in this thesis has allowed describing for the first time the construction of the anti-PfEMP1 immunity in the first year of life, to update knowledge on the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria in young children and identify Options to be primarily from the perspective of developing a vaccine against severe forms of malaria
Robert, Claire. "Neuropaludisme à Plasmodium falciparum : développement d'un modèle physiologique de cellules endothéliales de microvaisseaux de cerveau de Saimiri sciureus et mise en évidence d'un nouveau récepteur de la cytoadhérence des hématies parasitées, la chondroïtine-4-sulfate." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T104.
Full textNitcheu, Josianne. "Analyse des mécanismes effecteurs et du recrutement cérébral des lymphocytes T CD8+ au cours du neuropaludisme murin induit par Plasmodium berghei ANKA : rôle des chimiokines et chimiorecepteurs." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066452.
Full textDormoi, Jérôme. "Statines et paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5025.
Full textOnly 1 to 3% of malaria infections turn into CM. Meanwhile, long term neurological sequelae range from 3 to 10 % in adults and 25% of child survivors present long term cognitive impairments. In a military framework, there are 15 000 soldiers localized in endemic malaria areas, with at less 350 infection cases giving clinical malaria syndrome but mainly 2 deaths each year.In the aim to fight against P. falciparum but also to decrease sequelae related to CM, two molecules were studied. In one hand, atorvastatin (AVA) and in the other hand methylene blue (MB). AVA is a synthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (3HMG-CoA) reductase used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Previous data, reported in numerous articles support the efficacy of AVA not only as antimicrobial, antiviral or antiparasitic agent but also as immune system modulator and potential adjuvant in vitro for common antimalarial drugs. BM is an antimalarial drug which until now had a synthesis pathway with heavy metals. It is a new synthesis pathway without heavy metals and an efficacy demonstrated which encouraged us to study this molecule.To evaluate AVA and BM efficacies in combination with common antimalarial drugs, we successively tested these molecules in an in vitro model (simplified isotopic microtest) against P. falciparum, then in experimental cerebral malaria using C57BL/6N mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. An increased efficacy was observed when AVA or MB is associated with common antimalarial drugs against P. falciparum but also a protection against CM in mice treated by drugs combinations. MB protects against malaria but also CM
Almelli, Talleh. "Parasite genetic factors implicated in cerebral malaria." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P605/document.
Full textPlasmodium falciparum infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This parasite is involved in several clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic carriage and acute uncomplicated to severe and complicated malaria, including cerebral malaria. We hypothesized that differential gene expression contributes to phenotypic variation of parasites leading to specific interaction with the host which induces several clinical categories of malaria. The principal aim of this study was to identify parasite genetic factors implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. We investigated the whole transcriptome of parasites isolated from Cameroonian children with asymptomatic (AM), uncomplicated (UM) and cerebral malaria (CM). We also investigated the transcriptome of 3D7 clone and the selected 3D7-Lib line. Our results revealed the up-regulation of several genes in CM isolates and 3D7-Lib line compared to AM isolates and 3D7 clone respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicates an over-representation of genes implicated in pathogenesis, cytoadherence, and erythrocyte aggregation among up-regulated genes in CM and 3D7-Lib. The most remarkable outcomes were the up-regulation of UPS A and B var genes containing architectural Domains Cassettes DC4, DC5, DC8, and DC13 and their neighboring rif genes in isolates from CM and 3D7-Lib line, compared with isolates from AM and the unselected 3D7 line, respectively. The involvement of these genes in parasite virulence rises from the ability of their encoded proteins to mediate cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to post-capillary endothelial receptors. Of these receptors, CD36 and Inter Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were found as the most commonly used by the isolates. The implication of these two receptors, as well as that of PfEMP-1 ligands in the pathogenesis of CM needs to be more elucidated. We examined the adhesive phenotype and the transcription patterns of Pfemp-1 variants of fresh isolates from Beninese children with CM or UM malaria by static binding assay to CD36, ICAM-1 and CSPG and RT-qPCR for groups A, B, var2, var3, DC8, and DC13. Our findings showed that isolates from CM patients bind more to CD36 than those from UM cases. No differences were observed in binding levels to ICAM-1 or CSPG between these two groups. Furthermore, CM isolates transcribed groups A, B, var2, var3, DC8 and DC13 of var genes at higher levels than UM isolates. Interestingly, the high transcription levels of group B in CM parasites correlated with their higher level of binding to CD36. In contrary, the expression profiles of a specific var group and the binding phenotype of isolates to ICAM-1 and to CSPG were not correlated. Our findings support the implication of CD36 along with PfEMP-1 variants encoded by group B in cerebral malaria pathogenesis
Dalko, Esther. "Rôle modulateur de l’hème sur la réponse des lymphocytes T et des cellules gliales : impact sur la physiopathologie du paludisme grave." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10035/document.
Full textDuring the erythrocytic phase of the parasite Plasmodium, large amounts of heme are release in circulation. Due to its pro-oxidant, and immunomodulating activities, heme might be responsible for the alterations of the immune response that were reported during severe malaria. Thus, the objectives of this work were to clarify the impact of heme on the response of T lymphocytes and glial cells in rodent models of severe malarial anemia, and cerebral malaria. In addition, we have also looked at the relationship between heme levels and malaria severity in a human cohort of P. falciparum-infected patients manifesting mild and severe malaria. Heme decreased the pro-inflammatory type 1 response of CD4 T lymphocytes and microglia cells in rodent models. Despite the essential role of this response for the elimination of the parasite, BALB/c mice that were preconditioned with heme before infection had lower parasitemia compared to the untreated group. However, heme induced stronger anemia during the infection that was concomitant with alterations in erythropoiesis. In addition, heme injection during infection protected partly C57BL/6 mice from developing cerebral malaria by preventing T cell recruitment to the brain, the M1 response of microglia cells, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by brain cells. Interestingly, we show from our field study in Odisha, India, that plasma heme levels increased with the severity of malaria, and more specifically during cerebral malaria, and correlated positively with the plasma levels of four cytokines: IP-10, IL-10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1. Herein we underscore the complexity of the pathophysiology of severe malaria
KLOPFENSTEIN, PHILIPPE. "Neuropaludispme : a propos de sept observations." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA3070.
Full textFauconnier, Mathilde. "Implication des voies d'activation des lymphocytes T dans la réponse au paludisme (malaria) cérébral et pulmonaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2040.
Full textThe malaria is the first parasitic pathology, responsible of 800 000 death a year. It can cause several severe complications which might deteriorating vital forecast and lead to the death. In this context, my thesis objective was to study, for major point, the cerebral pathology and in a lesser measure the lung pathology. This study concernes the role of some signaling pathways of T cells activation. My results show the involvement of three molecules in cerebral malaria development LTβR receptor, PKC-θ kinase and IL-12Rβ2 receptor subunit. With the use of knockout mice for these genes, we proved by non invasive approaches (MRI and MRA) or invasive approaches (vascular permeability test, flow cytometry) that these mice are resistant to cerebral malaria. By contrast they are not protected against lung pathology