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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurophysiology, history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Yutaka, Oomura. "History of neurophysiology in Japan." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 98, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(91)90176-t.

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2

Shafi, S., and P. Bourque. "Neurophysiology (EMG)." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S37—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.172.

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Background: Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an inherited autosomal dominant disease, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000. It ischaracterized by nail dysplasia, hypoplastic patellae, other bone deformities and open angle glaucoma. The phenotype is variable. Methods: Case report Results: A 66 year old male presented with complaints of mild loss of sensation in both feet with gradual proximal spread to his knees over the past decade. There was no history of pain, paresthesias, autonomic dysfunction or weakness. Examination showed pectus excavatum with symmetrically dystrophic fingernails. Sensation to crude touch, pain and temperature were reduced up to mid shin, and vibration sense was diminished till the malleoli symmetrically. Electrophysiologic studies revealed a mild to moderate length-dependent polyneuropathy of axonal type. Detailed blood screening studies were negative. Genetic testing revealed the diagnosis of nail-patella syndrome with LMX1B gene mutation on chromosome 9q34. The lack of an identifiable acquired cause and the symmetric, slowly progressive and “painless” nature of the patient’s peripheral neuropathy point toward an inherited etiology. Conclusion: We present a case of slowly progressive sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy in a patient with a diagnosis of NPS, which has not been previously reported. Peripheral nervous system disorder may be a variable phenotypic manifestation of LMX1B gene mutation.

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3

Kaminski, H. J. "A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century." Neurology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.12.1901-a.

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4

Hughes, John R. "A history of neurophysiology in the 19th century." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 69, no. 5 (May 1988): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90073-9.

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5

PROHOVNIK, ISAK. "Neurophysiology of Electroconvulsive Therapy." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 462, no. 1 Electroconvul (March 1986): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb51257.x.

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6

SUZUKI, WENDY A., and HOWARD EICHENBAUM. "The Neurophysiology of Memory." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 911, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06726.x.

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7

YAMADA, Thoru. "History and Perspective of Clinical Neurophysiology for Central Nervous System." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 39, no. 10 (2002): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrm1963.39.634.

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8

McHenry, L. C. "A History of Neurophysiology in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Neurology 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.4.624-a.

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9

Hatfield, Gary. "The Brain's "New" Science: Psychology, Neurophysiology, and Constraint." Philosophy of Science 67 (September 2000): S388—S403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392833.

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10

WILLIS, WILLIAM D. "Dorsal Horn Neurophysiology of Pain." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 531, no. 1 Neurological (June 1988): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31815.x.

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11

Woodland, Philip, Daniel Sifrim, Anne Lund Krarup, Christina Brock, Jens Brøndum Frøkjaer, Christian Lottrup, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Lee L. Swanstrom, and Adam D. Farmer. "The neurophysiology of the esophagus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1300, no. 1 (October 2013): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12238.

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12

Gross, Charles G. "A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century. Mary A. Brazier." Quarterly Review of Biology 63, no. 4 (December 1988): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416095.

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13

de Scisciolo, G., R. Caramelli, V. Schiavone, and A. Cassardo. "40. The Neurophysiology in Florence Spinal Unit : A 25years long history." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 12 (December 2016): e332-e333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.052.

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14

Muralt, Alexander. "THE ROLE OF THIAMINE IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGY." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 98, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30571.x.

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15

RUFF, ROBERT L. "Neurophysiology of the Neuromuscular Junction: Overview." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 998, no. 1 (September 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1254.002.

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16

Lewi, Jeremy, Robert Butera, and Liam Paninski. "Sequential Optimal Design of Neurophysiology Experiments." Neural Computation 21, no. 3 (March 2009): 619–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.08-07-594.

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Adaptively optimizing experiments has the potential to significantly reduce the number of trials needed to build parametric statistical models of neural systems. However, application of adaptive methods to neurophysiology has been limited by severe computational challenges. Since most neurons are high-dimensional systems, optimizing neurophysiology experiments requires computing high-dimensional integrations and optimizations in real time. Here we present a fast algorithm for choosing the most informative stimulus by maximizing the mutual information between the data and the unknown parameters of a generalized linear model (GLM) that we want to fit to the neuron's activity. We rely on important log concavity and asymptotic normality properties of the posterior to facilitate the required computations. Our algorithm requires only low-rank matrix manipulations and a two-dimensional search to choose the optimal stimulus. The average running time of these operations scales quadratically with the dimensionality of the GLM, making real-time adaptive experimental design feasible even for high-dimensional stimulus and parameter spaces. For example, we require roughly 10 milliseconds on a desktop computer to optimize a 100-dimensional stimulus. Despite using some approximations to make the algorithm efficient, our algorithm asymptotically decreases the uncertainty about the model parameters at a rate equal to the maximum rate predicted by an asymptotic analysis. Simulation results show that picking stimuli by maximizing the mutual information can speed up convergence to the optimal values of the parameters by an order of magnitude compared to using random (nonadaptive) stimuli. Finally, applying our design procedure to real neurophysiology experiments requires addressing the nonstationarities that we would expect to see in neural responses; our algorithm can efficiently handle both fast adaptation due to spike history effects and slow, nonsystematic drifts in a neuron's activity.

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17

Sjoerds, Z., M. J. van Tol, W. van den Brink, N. J. A. van der Wee, A. Aleman, A. T. F. Beekman, B. W. J. H. Penninx, and D. J. Veltman. "Family history of alcohol dependence modulates functional neurophysiology in mood/anxiety disorders." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 7 (October 4, 2012): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171200222x.

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BackgroundA family history (FH) of alcohol dependence (AD) not only increases the risk for AD, but is also associated with an increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. However, it is unknown how a FH of AD affects neural substrates in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. In this study we examined the effects of an alcoholic FH on cognitive and emotional functions in these patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodIn a sample of non-alcoholic patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) neuroimaging study, patients with a first-degree FH of AD (FH + ; n = 31) were compared with patients without a FH (FH–; n = 77) on performance and brain activation during visuospatial planning and emotional word encoding. Results were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs) without a FH of AD (n = 31).ResultsFH+ patients performed slower during planning with increasing task load, coupled with stronger blood oxygen level-dependent responses in dorsal prefrontal areas compared with FH− patients and HCs. FH was not associated with performance differences during word encoding, but right insula activation during positive word encoding was present in FH+ patients, comparable with HCs, but absent in FH− patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates subtle impairments during planning in FH+ compared with FH− patients and HCs, whereas activation during mood-incongruent stimuli in FH+ patients was similar to HCs but not FH− patients, suggesting that the presence of a FH of AD is a useful marker for the neurophysiological profile in mood/anxiety disorders and possible predictor for treatment success.

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18

Stone, James L., and John R. Hughes. "Early History of Electroencephalography and Establishment of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 30, no. 1 (February 2013): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0b013e31827edb2d.

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19

Clarke, Edwin. "A History of Neurophysiology in the Nineteenth Century. Mary A. B. Brazier." Isis 79, no. 4 (December 1988): 708–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354880.

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20

L., K. "Some Other Books of Interest: A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century." Science 241, no. 4865 (July 29, 1988): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4865.605-a.

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21

Li, Vivien, Prasad Malladi, Sara Simeoni, Mahreen Pakzad, Rosie Everett, Chanjira Satukijchai, Maria Isabel Leite, Jacqueline Palace, and Jalesh N. Panicker. "A clinico-neurophysiological study of urogenital dysfunction in MOG-antibody transverse myelitis." Neurology 95, no. 21 (October 12, 2020): e2924-e2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011030.

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ObjectiveTo assess the clinical, urodynamic, and neurophysiologic features of patients with persisting bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction after transverse myelitis in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) disease.MethodsPatients with a history of MOG-Ab disease–related transverse myelitis seen prospectively in a tertiary center uro-neurology service between 2017 and 2019 were included. They received cross-sectional clinical assessment; completed standardized questionnaires on bladder, bowel, and sexual symptoms; and underwent urodynamic and pelvic neurophysiologic investigations.ResultsTwelve patients (9 male) were included with a total of 17 episodes of transverse myelitis. Mean age at first attack was 26 (SD 9) years, and median follow-up duration was 50 (interquartile range 32–87) months. Acute urinary retention requiring bladder catheterization occurred in 14 episodes and was the first symptom in 10 episodes. Patients with lesions affecting the conus medullaris required catheterization for significantly longer durations than those without a conus lesion (median difference 15.5 days, p = 0.007). At follow-up, all patients had recovered full ambulatory function, but persisting bladder and bowel dysfunction moderately or severely affected quality of life in 55% and 36%, respectively, and 82% had sexual dysfunction. Pelvic neurophysiology demonstrated abnormal residual conus function in 6 patients. Urodynamic findings predominantly showed detrusor overactivity and/or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, indicative of a supraconal pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction.ConclusionsPersisting urogenital and bowel dysfunction is common despite motor recovery. Although a proportion of patients had neurophysiologic evidence of residual conus abnormalities at follow-up, predominant urodyamic findings suggest that ongoing lower urinary tract dysfunction results from supraconal injury.

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22

Hammond, Michael. "The Enhancement Imperative: The Evolutionary Neurophysiology of Durkheimian Solidarity." Sociological Theory 21, no. 4 (December 2003): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9558.2003.00194.x.

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Durkheimian solidarity, especially in regard to religion, is reanalyzed in terms of recent developments in the neurosciences and evolution. Neurophysiological studies indicate that religious arousers can piggyback on reward circuitry established by natural selection for interpersonal attachments. This piggybacking is rooted in uneven evolutionary changes in cognitive capacities, emotional arousal capabilities, and preconscious screening rules for rewarding arousal release. Uneven development means that only a special class of enhanced arousers embedded in macro social structures can tap some of the reservoirs of expanded arousal release protected by these screening rules. It becomes imperative that part of collective social life offers these special arouser packages. Beginning with religion and inequality, the social construction of enhanced arousers leaves a trail across human history. However, this trail is not quite what Durkheim had in mind.

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23

TRAMO, M. J. "Neurophysiology and Neuroanatomy of Pitch Perception: Auditory Cortex." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1060, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1360.011.

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24

Aversi-Ferreira, Tales Alexandre, Mariana Ferreira Pereira de Araújo, Danielly Bandeira Lopes, and Hisao Nishijo. "History, citoarchitecture and neurophysiology of human and non human primates' parietal lobe: A review." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 3 (September 2010): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40300005.

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Abstract This strict localizationism had and still has its importance for the development of Neurosciences, since the analysis of changes in mental processes resulting from brain damage became the basis for understanding the brain organization. The human parietal cortex is a highly differentiated structure, consisting of citoarchitectonically defined subareas that are connected to other cortical and subcortical areas. Patients with lesions in the parietal cortex develop various types of neuropsychological manifestations, depending on the specific location of the lesion and the corresponding hemisphere and these lesions in this lobe do not cause modal specific disturbances. The establishment of homologies between the parietal region in humans and primates can be of great contribution in trying to unravel the various functions and complexity of this area.

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25

Freemon, Frank R. "A History of Neurophysiology in the 17th and 18th Centuries: From Concept to Experiment." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 1 (January 4, 1985): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350250094038.

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26

Petsche, H. "A history of neurophysiology in the 17th and 18th centuries. From concept to experiment." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 63, no. 4 (April 1986): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(86)90025-8.

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27

Chertkov, Aleksandr Kuzmich. "LUMBAR DISC REPLACEMENT FOR THE SPINE DEGENERATIVE DISEASE." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 2 (May 26, 2005): 056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2005.2.56-61.

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Development history and construction features of the first Russian functional lumbar disc endoprosthesis, its application technique, as well as indications and contraindications for surgical disc replacement are presented. The early and long-term results of Russian devices application are compared with those of foreign analogs. The result evaluation was performed by objective methods of study: clinical biomechanics, neurophysiology, and functional spine radiology. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 10 years.

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28

Lazar, J. Wayne. "American neurophysiology and two nineteenth-century American Physiological Societies." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 26, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2016.1188527.

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29

Scalf, Paige E., JeeWon Ahn, Diane M. Beck, and Alejandro Lleras. "Trial History Effects in the Ventral Attentional Network." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 12 (December 2014): 2789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00678.

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The ventral attentional network (VAN) is thought to drive “stimulus driven attention” [e.g., Asplund, C. L., Todd, J. J., Snyder, A. P., & Marois, R. A central role for the lateral prefrontal cortex in goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 507–512, 2010; Shulman, G. L., McAvoy, M. P., Cowan, M. C., Astafiev, S. V., Tansy, A. P., D' Avossa, G., et al. Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 3384–3397, 2003]; in other words, it instantiates within the current stimulus environment the top–down attentional biases maintained by the dorsal attention network [e.g., Kincade, J. M., Abrams, R. A., Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of voluntary and stimulus-driven orienting of attention. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 25, 4593–4604, 2005]. Previous work has shown that the dorsal attentional network is sensitive to trial history, such that it is challenged by changes in task goals and facilitated by repetition thereof [e.g., Kristjánsson, A., Vuilleumier, P., Schwartz, S., Macaluso, E., & Driver, J. Neural basis for priming of pop-out during visual search revealed with fMRI. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1612–1624, 2007]. Here, we investigate whether the VAN also preserves information across trials such that it is challenged when previously rejected stimuli become task relevant. We used fMRI to investigate the sensitivity of the ventral attentional system to prior history effects as measured by the distractor preview effect. This behavioral phenomenon reflects a bias against stimuli that have historically not supported task performance. We found regions traditionally considered to be part of the VAN (right middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus) [Shulman, G. L., McAvoy, M. P., Cowan, M. C., Astafiev, S. V., Tansy, A. P., D' Avossa, G., et al. Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 3384–3397, 2003] to be more active when task-relevant stimuli had not supported task performance in a previous trial than when they had. Investigations of the ventral visual system suggest that this effect is more reliably driven by trial history preserved within the VAN than that preserved within the visual system per se. We conclude that VAN maintains its interactions with top–down stimulus biases and bottom–up stimulation across time, allowing previous experience with the stimulus environment to influence attentional biases under current circumstances.

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30

Van Oudenhove, Lukas, Joris U. Vandenberghe, Patrick Dupont, Brecht Geeraerts, Guy Bormans, Dominique Vanderghinste, Koen Van Laere, et al. "S1811 The Neurophysiology of Gastric Sensation in Functional Dyspepsia: Role of Abuse History and Somatization." Gastroenterology 134, no. 4 (April 2008): A—274—A—275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(08)61278-0.

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31

Debnath, Bithi, Humaira Rafiqa Quaderi, Nazmul Haque, AFM Al Masum Khan, Meera Momtaz Sabeka, Md Ferdous Mian, Md Nahidul Islam, Md Enayet Hussain, and Rajib Nayan Chowdhury. "Electro Clinical Profiles of Motor Neuron Disease and Atypical Motor Neuron Disorders: A Case Series." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 3, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v3i1.36274.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the commonest MND phenotype. Although many of the atypical motor neuron disorders share some features with ALS, they often can be distinguished by their clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Here we present five different cases with varied clinical findings. All the patients were referred from outpatient department to neurophysiology laboratory where electrodiagnostic (EDX) correlations helped to come to a conclusion. The nerve conduction study protocol for a suspected atypi¬cal motor neuron disorder is the same as that for ALS. Akin to the nerve conduction studies, the EMG evaluation of patients with suspected atypical motor neuron disorders is similar to that of ALS. An extensive study is indicated, often of all four limbs, the paraspinal muscles, and the bulbar muscles to reach a possible diagnosis. History, clinical findings and electrophysiological correlation often help to differentiate these atypical motor neuron disorders. Correct diagnosis is needed for further evaluation and prognosis. In this case series five (5) cases have described who are referred from outpatient department to neurophysiology laboratory for electrodiagnostic (EDX) correlations.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 57-61

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32

Pammer, Kristen. "Brain Mechanisms and Reading Remediation: More Questions Than Answers." Scientifica 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/802741.

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Dyslexia is generally diagnosed in childhood and is characterised by poor literacy skills with associated phonological and perceptual problems. Compensated dyslexic readers are adult readers who have a documented history of childhood dyslexia but as adults can read and comprehend written text well. Uncompensated dyslexic readers are adults who similarly have a documented history of reading impairment but remain functionally reading-impaired all their lives. There is little understanding of the neurophysiological basis for how or why some children become compensated, while others do not, and there is little knowledge about neurophysiological changes that occur with remedial programs for reading disability. This paper will review research looking at reading remediation, particularly in the context of the underlying neurophysiology.

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33

MISTRETTA, CHARLOTTE M. "Anatomy and Neurophysiology of the Taste System in Aged Animals." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 561, no. 1 Nutrition and (June 1989): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20989.x.

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34

Kline, Nathan S. "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, AND OTHER DISCIPLINES." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 92, no. 3 (December 15, 2006): 1004–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb40973.x.

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35

BOECKH, J., K. D. ERNST, and P. SELSAM. "Neurophysiology and Neuroanatomy of the Olfactory Pathway in the Cockroach." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510, no. 1 Olfaction and (November 1987): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43464.x.

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36

Stettler, Antoinette. "Mary A.B.Brazier, A History of Neurophysiology in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Raven Press, New York 1984." Gesnerus 42, no. 1-2 (November 19, 1985): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0420102021.

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37

Tassinari, Carlo Alberto. "An electroencephalographer recalls the history of the Federation on the 70th anniversary of its journal, Clinical Neurophysiology." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 12 (December 2019): 2258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.010.

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38

Kimura, Jun. "An electromyographer recalls the history of the Federation on the 70th anniversary of its journal, Clinical Neurophysiology." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 12 (December 2019): 2264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.005.

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39

Smith, C. U. M. "Descartes' Visit to the Town Library, or how Augustinian is Descartes' Neurophysiology?" Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 7, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jhin.7.2.93.1868.

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40

Schmidgen, Henning. "Cybernetic times: Norbert Wiener, John Stroud, and the ‘brain clock’ hypothesis." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 1 (February 2020): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119880662.

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In 1955, Norbert Wiener suggested a sociological model according to which all forms of culture ultimately depended on the temporal coordination of human activities, in particular their synchronization. The basis for Wiener’s model was provided by his insights into the temporal structures of cerebral processes. This article reconstructs the historical context of Wiener’s ‘brain clock’ hypothesis, largely via his dialogues with John W. Stroud and other scholars working at the intersection of neurophysiology, experimental psychology, and electrical engineering. Since the 19th century, physiologists and psychologists have been conducting experimental investigations into the relation between time and the brain. Using innovative instruments and technologies, Stroud rehearsed these experiments, in part without paying any attention at all to the experimental traditions involved. Against this background, this article argues that the novelty of Wiener’s model relies largely on his productive rephrasing of physiological and psychological findings that had been established long before the Second World War.

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41

Barrett, Robert J. "Conceptual Foundations of Schizophrenia: II. Disintegration and Division." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809113114.

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Objective: This is the second of two papers that aim to identify some cultural themes and institutional processes that shaped the development of schizophrenia as a disease concept. Method: A number of domains within 19th century European history are explored for evidence of the concept of the divided or disintegrated person. These include German academic psychiatry, Mesmerism and hypnosis, neurology and neurophysiology, psychoanalysis and German Romantic literature, and its descendants within a wider European literature. Results: Representations of division or disintegration are evident in all these domains, enjoying widespread currency and penetration throughout the 19th century. Conclusions: These culturally based ideas, combined with the idea of degeneration, were important elements in the foundation of the schizophrenia concept.

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42

TEKEOGLU, I., A. DOGAN, G. DEMIR, and E. DOLAR. "The Pneumatic Compression Test and Modified Pneumatic Compression Test in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 6 (December 2007): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.06.016.

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There are no precise criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS): the history is useful but the value of the various provocative tests is questionable. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of a new provocative test, the ‘modified pneumatic compression test’ in CTS. The study group consisted of 37 patients with 50 symptomatic CTS hands. A control group of 50 healthy volunteers was recruited. The diagnosis was based on a combination of the history, the clinical findings on examination and electrophysiological criteria. Sensitivity for the pneumatic compression and the modified pneumatic compression tests were 68% and 84%, respectively. Specificities for these tests were 97% and 95%, respectively. The modified pneumatic compression test demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for CTS. This test facilitated the diagnosis and was easy to use. It may reduce referrals for neurophysiology testing, and so reduce costs.

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43

ZURLO, JOANNE, and ALAN M. GOLDBERG. "The Role of an Academic Center in Promoting Common Goals." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 1 (January 1999): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199801091.

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The publication in 1959 of Russell and Burch's The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique initiated a new era in the history of the debate between science and animal protection, the era of alternatives. Although Russell and Burch never used the word “alternatives” (speaking instead of the “three Rs”: replacement, reduction, and refinement), and although the animal protection movement was somewhat moribund at the time in both England and the United States, within a decade of the book's publication a number of signs indicating a resurgence of public interest in the issue began to appear. At the same time, increased knowledge and understanding of neurophysiology and ethology heightened scientific awareness of the significance of humane treatment in the laboratory and professionalized laboratory animal science.

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Römer, Heiner. "Neurophysiology goes wild: from exploring sensory coding in sound proof rooms to natural environments." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 207, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-021-01482-6.

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AbstractTo perform adaptive behaviours, animals have to establish a representation of the physical “outside” world. How these representations are created by sensory systems is a central issue in sensory physiology. This review addresses the history of experimental approaches toward ideas about sensory coding, using the relatively simple auditory system of acoustic insects. I will discuss the empirical evidence in support of Barlow’s “efficient coding hypothesis”, which argues that the coding properties of neurons undergo specific adaptations that allow insects to detect biologically important acoustic stimuli. This hypothesis opposes the view that the sensory systems of receivers are biased as a result of their phylogeny, which finally determine whether a sound stimulus elicits a behavioural response. Acoustic signals are often transmitted over considerable distances in complex physical environments with high noise levels, resulting in degradation of the temporal pattern of stimuli, unpredictable attenuation, reduced signal-to-noise levels, and degradation of cues used for sound localisation. Thus, a more naturalistic view of sensory coding must be taken, since the signals as broadcast by signallers are rarely equivalent to the effective stimuli encoded by the sensory system of receivers. The consequences of the environmental conditions for sensory coding are discussed.

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Lohff, Brigitte. "Facts and Philosophy in Neurophysiology. The 200th Anniversary of Johannes M�ller (1801?1858)." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2001): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jhin.10.3.277.9092.

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MORABITO, CARMELA. "MARY A. B. BRAZIER, A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century, New York, Raven Press 1988, xvi + 265 pp." Nuncius 5, no. 1 (1990): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539190x00868.

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BL, Rish. "Intrinsic Focal Electromagnetic Induction, a Mechanism of Neurological Symptoms." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 2, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2019/asjbccr.6155.

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The physics of Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) is reviewed and applied to the anatomy and neurophysiology of the human body. The neuron, the primary cell of the nervous system, coexists with a myriad of vascular structures and would be susceptible to EMI. When the neuron’s electrical impulse, the action potential, traversing an axon with deficient myelin, intersects the electromotive fields of a blood vessel, a conductor, EMI could occur. By the laws of physics governing this phenomenon, a new current, inductance, would be produced and shared throughout the blood vessel and back into the axon source of the original current. Medical history and the study of physics support this phenomenon as the mechanism of the pain in trigeminal neuralgia, tic douloureux. Other neurological syndromes, such as seizures associated with arteriovenous malformations and causalgia seen after nerve injuries in the extremities may share this mechanism.

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Hussain, Mohammad Enayet, AFM Al Masum Khan, Md Nahidul Islam, Md Ferdous Mian, Md Bakhtiar Azam, and Rajib Nayan Chowdhury. "Different Types of Epilepsy Based on Clinical and Electroencephalographic (EEG) Findings: Experience at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 3, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v3i1.36263.

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Background: A good history and a standard EEG recording help establish most of the epilepsy syndromes.Objective: The objective of this study was to establish different epilepsy syndromes on the basis of history and EEG in the clinically suspected seizure events.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the neurophysiology laboratory of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2015, which included 2549 patients. EEG was obtained through surface scalp electrodes according to international 10/20 system. Patient and their attendants were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The EEG findings, clinical history and in appropriate cases the neuroimaging, CSF and hematological findings were then correlated.Result: Among the 2549 patients most were children (39.8% less than 10 years old) and young adult (30.63% in 11 to 20 years age group). Male patients outnumbered female (63% and 36 % respectively). The overall sensitivity of EEG in yielding abnormal interictal epileptiform discharges was 42%. About 32% of total 2549 patients were diagnosed as localization-related epilepsy (LRE), 5% idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), 1.41% was Epileptic encephalopathy.Conclusion: In conclusion EEG is helpful in classifying the types of seizure, aids in defining the epilepsy syndrome, predicting the outcome and assists in management of patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 3-6

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Pecere, Paolo. "Reconsidering the ignorabimus: du Bois-Reymond and the hard problem of consciousness." Science in Context 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889720000095.

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ArgumentIn this paper I present an interpretation of du Bois-Reymond’s thesis on the impossibility of a scientific explanation of consciousness and of its present importance. I reconsider du Bois-Reymond’s speech “On the limits of natural science” (1872) in the context of nineteenth-century German philosophy and neurophysiology, pointing out connections and analogies with contemporary arguments on the “hard problem of consciousness.” Du Bois-Reymond’s position turns out to be grounded on an epistemological argument and characterized by a metaphysical skepticism, motivated by the unfruitful speculative tendency of contemporary German philosophy and natural science. In the final sections, I show how contemporary research can benefit from a reconsideration of this position and its context of emergence, which is a good vantage point to trace open problems in consciousness studies back to their historical development.

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Jasper, Herbert H. "History of the Early Development of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology at the Montreal Neurological Institute: The First 25 Years 1939-1964." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 18, S4 (November 1991): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100032662.

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