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1

Dunning, Kari, Kristy Black, Andrea Harrison, Keith McBride, and Susan Israel. "Neuroprosthesis Peroneal Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting: A Case Series." Physical Therapy 89, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080241.

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Background and Purpose Studies have suggested that peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (peroneal FES) during walking improves gait in patients with chronic stroke. The effect of peroneal FES during the acute stages of stroke recovery is not known. The purposes of this case report are: (1) to describe differences between walking with and without a neuroprosthesis during the first few weeks after stroke, (2) to offer a clinical perspective on decision making for the use of peroneal FES during acute rehabilitation, and (3) to determine the feasibility of rehabilitation with peroneal FES neuroprostheses during the acute phases of stroke recovery. Case Description This case report describes 2 patients with different clinical presentations but both receiving inpatient rehabilitation less than 2 weeks after stroke. Each patient received peroneal FES via a neuroprothesis as tolerated while gait training in therapy. Outcomes One patient immediately increased gait speed (128%) and decreased time to perform the Timed “Up & Go” Test (40%) using the neuroprothesis. Both patients immediately increased the 6-Minute Walk Test distance using the neuroprothesis (121% and 101%). The patient who underwent testing with the instrumented walking system also demonstrated improved gait symmetry. After 1 to 3 weeks of using the neuroprothesis, the difference between outcomes with and without the neuroprothesis decreased. Discussion It is possible that peroneal FES delivered through a neuroprosthesis during acute stroke recovery may improve gait outcomes. Research is needed to determine proper duration and timing.
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2

Spencer, Peter S. "Neuroprotein Targets of γ-Diketone Metabolites of Aliphatic and Aromatic Solvents That Induce Central–Peripheral Axonopathy." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623320910960.

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Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic occupational and deliberate overexposure to neurotoxic organic solvents results from axonal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human and experimental studies show that axonopathy is triggered by the action of neuroprotein-reactive γ-diketone metabolites formed from exposure to certain aliphatic solvents ( n-hexane, 2-hexanone) and aromatic compounds (1,2-diethylbenzene, 1,2-4-triethylbenzene, 6-acetyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetralin). Neuroprotein susceptibility is related primarily to their differential content of lysine, the ∊-amino group of which is targeted by γ-diketones. Specific neuroprotein targets have been identified, and the sequence of molecular mechanisms leading to axonal pathology has been illuminated. While occupational n-hexane neuropathy continues to be reported, lessons learned from its experimental study may have relevance to other causes of peripheral neuropathy, including those associated with aging and diabetes mellitus.
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3

Dolgin, Elie. "To serve and neuroprotect." Nature Medicine 18, no. 7 (July 2012): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0712-1003.

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4

Zakharyan, R., S. Atshemyan, and A. Boyajyan. "The role of neuroprotein in schizophrenia pathogenesis." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 333 (October 2013): e335-e336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1242.

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5

Orlova, O. R. Orlova, M. A. Akulov Akulov, S. V. Tanyashin Tanyashin, V. N. Shimansky Shimansky, V. O. Zakharov Zakharov, P. N. Iakovleva Iakovleva, and A. S. Orlova Orlova. "Correction of synkinesia using botulinum neuroprotein type A." Pharmateca 13_2019 (December 24, 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2019.13.34-38.

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6

Riener, R., T. Fuhr, F. Bahrami, J. Quintern, and G. Schmidt. "Entwurf von Regelungsstrategien zum Aufstehen mit einer Neuroprothese." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 42, s2 (1997): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1997.42.s2.285.

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7

Rupp, R., B. Fromm, and H. J. Gerner. "Funktionelle Elektrostimulation der oberen Extremität mittels Freehand-Neuroprothese." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 45, s1 (2000): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2000.45.s1.275.

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8

Lora Loza, Miryam Griselda. "Sulfato de magnesio neuroprotector de hemorragia intraventricular en recién nacidos de madres preeclámpticas severas y eclámpticas. Hospital Belén de Trujillo, Perú, 2011-2014." Revista Colombiana Salud Libre 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1900-7841/rcslibre.2016v11n1.1619.

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Con el objetivo de determinar si la administración del sulfato de magnesio neuroproteje de hemorragia intraventricular a recién nacidos de madres con preeclampsia severa y eclampsia del Hospital Belén de Trujillo, Perú, se realizó una investigación descriptiva-correlacional de carácter retrospectiva entre los años 2011 y 2014. Se revisaron 457 historias clínicas: 338 de madres preeclámpticas severas y 19 eclámpticas. La tasa de incidencia anual de hemorragia intraventricular por 1000 recién nacidos de madres preeclámpticas severas fue 17,9 en el año 2011, 15,6 en el 2012, 0 en el 2013 y de 10 en el 2014. En recién nacidos de madres eclámpticas esta tasa fue de 0 en los años 2011, 2013, 2014 y de 500 en el 2012. La administración simple o combinada del sulfato de magnesio tienen relación directa (p<0,05) con la hemorragia intraventricular en recién nacidos de madres preeclámpticas severas. La no administración simple y la administración combinada del sulfato de magnesio en eclámpticas es una magnitud constante. El sulfato de magnesio de administración simple o combinada en preeclámpticas o eclámptica sí neuroproteje al recién nacido con hemorragia intraventricular.
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9

Tica, Irina, Andreea Lupu, Mihaela Botnarciuc, Lucian Petcu, Carmen Oprea, Ruxandra Gabriela Badiu, Dan Marcel Iliescu, Elena Valentina Ionescu, Vlad Iustin Tica, and Madalina Gabriela Iliescu. "Brain - Derived Neurotrophic Factor - a Marker for the Balneal Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain?" Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 3180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7511.

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Up till now, to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating serum Brain - Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in patients with degenerative chronic low back pain under rehabilitation treatment. BDNF is a neuroprotein associated with neuropathic pain and represents an important mediator of the effects of physical exercise. Complex balneal treatment with hot Techirghiol sapropelic mud reduces pain and increases serum levels of BDNF in these patients.
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10

Yao, D., E. Jakubowitz, S. Ettinger, C. Plaass, C. Stukenborg-Colsman, and K. Daniilidis. "Behandlung des Fallfußes durch Implantation einer Neuroprothese (ActiGait®)." Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie 29, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00064-017-0494-8.

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11

Lu, Youming, Lei Yuan, Xin Chen, Aijun Zhang, Pengqi Zhang, and Dongdong Zou. "Systematic analysis and identification of unexpected interactions from the neuroprotein drug interactome in hydrocephalus pharmacological intervention." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 17, no. 01 (February 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720019500021.

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Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition caused by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; pharmacological intervention of the disease has been found to elicit a variety of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in central nervous system (CNS) by unexpectedly targeting certain functional neuroproteins. Here, a systematic neuroprotein drug interactome (SNDI) is created for 11 hydrocephalus drugs/metabolites plus 20 control drugs across 518 druggable pockets on the surface of 472 CNS neuroproteins via a large-scale molecular docking approach. Heuristic clustering analysis of the SNDI profile divides the 31 investigated drug ligands into a distinct panel and a background panel; the former consists of two hydrocephalus drugs (Furosemide and Triamterene) and their respective metabolites (Furosemide glucuronide and Hydroxytriamterene) that are inferred to have generally high affinity towards the whole array of neuroprotein pockets. A total of 13 neuroproteins are enriched in gene ontology semantic mining as putative unexpected targets of the distinct panel, and their intermolecular interactions with hydrocephalus drugs/metabolites are investigated in detail using dynamics simulation and energetics analysis. We also perform kinase assay and viability test to substantiate the interactome analysis. It is found that the Furosemide and Triamterene have significant cytotoxic effects on normal human astrocytes, in which the Triamterene can inhibit the neurokinase ROCK2, a representative of putative unexpected targets, with a high activity, which is comparable with the sophisticated ROCK2 inhibitor Fasudil.
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12

Utami, Niken Asri, and Zafrullah Kany Jasa. "L-Arginine, Suatu Peluang Neuroproteksi terhadap Pasien Preeklampsia yang mendapat Problem Neurologis." Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia 8, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24244/jni.v8i2.224.

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Preeklampsia mengakibatkan komplikasi pada 3–5% dari seluruh kehamilan. Dihubungkan dengan persalinan prematur, solusio plasenta dan lahir mati serta komplikasi stroke iskemik, stroke perdarahan, edema serebri serta kejang. Pasien dengan preeklampsia menunjukkan peningkatan tekanan perfusi otak pada arteri serebri media, anterior dan posterior, disertai perubahan indeks resistensi arteri serebri. Insiden komplikasi serebrovaskuler menyumbangkan 40% kematian maternal. Terjadi gangguan autoregulasi dan pembentukan edema. Gangguan autoregulasi dihubungkan dengan penurunan resistensi serebrovaskuler, hipoperfusi otak, disrupsi sawar darah otak serta edema vasogenik. Terjadi peningkatan sitokin pro inflamasi dan aktivasi sel-sel glia otak. L-Arginine adalah kompleks asam amino yang memiliki bentuk aktif dalam bentuk L-Arginine (2 – amino – 5 guanidino – pentanoic acid). Substrat L-Arginine untuk membentuk nitric oxide (NO) memiliki peran penting pada pembuluh darah. Pemberian L-Arginine secara intravena 5 menit setelah terjadinya cedera mengembalikan nilai aliran darah otak, memperbaiki sirkulasi serebral serta secara signifikan mereduksi volume otak yang memar. Efek neuroprotektif yang sama telah diamati terjadi pada percobaan lain model cedera otak traumatik dan pada beberapa model iskemia serebri dengan pemberian dini L-Arginine. L-Arginine dapat menjadi agen neuroproteksi potensial yang sangat menarik untuk memperbaiki serebral setelah cedera otak. L-Arginine, a Neuroprotection Chance for Preeclampsia Patients with Neurological ProblemAbstractPreeclampsia complicates 3 – 5% of all pregnancies. Preeclampsia is associated with premature delivery, placental abruption and stillbirth and can lead to complications, such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema and seizures. Patients with preeclampsia shows an increase in cerebral perfussion pressure (CPP) in anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, with accompanying changes in cerebral artery resistance indices. The incident of cerebrovascular complications contributes to 40% of maternal death. Disturbance in autoregulation and subsequent edema formation. Disturbance in CBF autoregulation also associated with decrease in cerebrovascular resistance, brain hypoperfusion, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vasogenic edema. There is also an increase in release of pro inflammatory cytokines and glial cells activation. L- Arginine is an amino acid complex, with active form in L-Arginine (2 – amino – 5 guanidino – pentanoic acid) found in vegetable and animal origin proteins, such as dairy, meat and most of all in fish and nuts. L-Arginine substrate creating Nitric Oxide (NO) plays important role in vascular. Intravenous administration of L-Arginine 5 minutes after brain injury restores cerebral blood flow (CBF) level, improves cerebral circulation and significantly reduces the contused brain volume. The same neuroprotective effect on another traumatic brain injury (TBI) model was observed and also found in cerebral ischaemia model with early administration of L-Arginine. L-Arginine can be a potential neuroprotective agent to improve of cerebral circulation after brain injury
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13

Orlova, O. R., S. L. Timerbaeva, S. E. Khatkova, E. V. Kostenko, D. A. Krasavina, and D. V. Zakharov. "Conversion ratio between different botulinum neuroprotein product in neurological practice." Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 117, no. 9 (2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201711791132-141.

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14

Buratovic, Sonja, Henrik Viberg, Anders Fredriksson, and Per Eriksson. "Developmental exposure to PBDE 209: Sex, neuroprotein and neurobehavioural analyses." Toxicology Letters 211 (June 2012): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.341.

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15

Orlova, O. R., M. I. Soykher, M. G. Soykher, L. R. Mingazova, D. V. Medovnikova, E. M. Soykher, Z. N. Konovalova, and A. Yu Alekseeva. "Bruxism: methods of application and results of treatment with botulinum neuroprotein (Relatox)." Neuromuscular Diseases 9, no. 2 (July 14, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-2-12-20.

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The article substantiates the need for the use of botulinum therapy in the management of bruxism as a movement disorder. We present the technique of injecting a new Russian botulinum neuroprotein Relatox into the masticatory muscles of patients with bruxism. We have the positive clinical effects of botulinum therapy, a decrease in the level of pain on the visual analogue scale, normalization of muscle activity according to the surface electromyography of masticatory muscles, a decrease in number of nocturnal bruxism according to abrasion on the foil surface on Brux Checker are shown.
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16

Amalia, Lisda, and Gilang Nispu Saputra. "Peran Eritropoietin pada Stroke Iskemik Akut." Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia 9, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24244/jni.v9i2.262.

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Stroke iskemik merupakan salah satu penyebab stroke tersering, disebabkan oleh oklusi pembuluh darah serebral dan penyebab kematian ketiga. Iskemik otak akan menghasilkan penghasilan mediator inflamasi yang dapat berpartisipasi dalam jejas iskemik di otak. Saat awitan stroke iskemik terjadi, area otak yang diperdarahi oleh pembuluh darah akan kekurangan oksigen dan nutrisi sehingga sel otak terutama neuron berada dalam risiko, neuron ini masih dapat berfungsi yang dikenal sebagai penumbra. Hipoksia jaringan dan iskemik serebral mengaktivasi HIF-1α, yang kemudian mengaktivasi transkripsi gen eritropoietin (EPO) dan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Eritropoietin (EPO) merupakan peptida yang juga memiliki efek non–hematopoiesis yaitu berperan mendorong neuroproteksi. Eritropoietin (EPO) dikeluarkan dalam hitungan menit dari proses iskemik dan mencapai puncak dalam 24 jam dari awitan stroke iskemik. Efek neuroproteksi dari EPO yaitu sebagai anti apoptosis, anti oksidan, anti inflamasi, anti eksitoksisitas, neurogenesis, angiogenesis dan neurotropik. Dengan kata lain bahwa EPO dapat mengurangi derajat keparahan akibat oklusi pembuluh darah otak. Role of Eritropoietin in Acute Ischemic StrokeAbstractIschemic stroke is one of the most common causes of stroke, caused by cerebral vascular occlusion and the third cause of death. . Ischemic brain will generate income of inflammatory mediators who can participate in ischemic lesions in the brain. When the recitation of an ischemic stroke occurs, areas of the brain that are obscurated by blood vessels will lack oxygen and nutrients so that brain cells, especially neurons, are at risk, these neurons can still function known as penumbra. Tissue hypoxia and cerebral ischemic activate HIF-1α, which then activates the transcription of the Eritropietin (EPO) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) genes. Eritropoietin (EPO) is a peptide that also has the effect of non-hematopoiesis which is responsible for encouraging neuroprotection. Eritropietin (EPO) is issued in minutes of an ischemic process and reaches its peak within 24 hours of the onset ischemic stroke. The neuroprotection effect of EPO is as anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-excitation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and neurotropic. In other words, EPO can reduce the severity due to occlusion of brain blood vessels.
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17

Hamrick, Shannon E. G., and Donna M. Ferriero. "The injury response in the term newborn brain: can we neuroprotect?" Current Opinion in Neurology 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-200304000-00005.

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18

Peluffo, Hugo, Pau González, Anna Arís, Laia Acarin, Josep Saura, Antoni Villaverde, Bernardo Castellano, and Berta González. "RGD domains neuroprotect the immature brain by a glial-dependent mechanism." Annals of Neurology 62, no. 3 (2007): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.21170.

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19

Hamrick, Shannon E. G., and Donna M. Ferriero. "The injury response in the term newborn brain: can we neuroprotect?" Current Opinion in Neurology 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000063775.81810.79.

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20

Soyher, Marina Ivanovna, O. R. Orlova, M. G. Soyher, L. R. Mingazova, E. M. Soyher, and D. V. Shershneva. "CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BOTULINUM THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MYOGENIC DENTAL SYNDROMES." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2017-21-6-308-312.

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Describes a clinical and economic evaluation of the use of botulinum neuroprotein in comparison with standard therapy (muscle relaxants and splint- frames) for a period of 4 months. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CER) is a frequently used method of pharmacoeconomic analysis. Its major parts are cost analysis, effectiveness analysis and results estimation. Undertaking of each part effects the certainty of the final results. Correct estimation of cost-effectiveness analysis makes it possible to increase health care economical resources distribution effectiveness and shows the most effective and respectable treatment instruments. This issue reviews all parts of cost-effectiveness analysis and algorithms of decision making during results estimation
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21

Brandner, Sebastian, Christian Thaler, Piotr Lewczuk, Natalia Lelental, Michael Buchfelder, and Andrea Kleindienst. "Neuroprotein Dynamics in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: Intraindividual Concomitant Ventricular and Lumbar Measurements." European Neurology 70, no. 3-4 (2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000352032.

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22

González-Nieto, Daniel, Rocío Fernández-Serra, José Pérez-Rigueiro, Fivos Panetsos, Ricardo Martinez-Murillo, and Gustavo V. Guinea. "Biomaterials to Neuroprotect the Stroke Brain: A Large Opportunity for Narrow Time Windows." Cells 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051074.

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Ischemic stroke represents one of the most prevalent pathologies in humans and is a leading cause of death and disability. Anti-thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and surgical thrombectomy are the primary treatments to recanalize occluded vessels and normalize the blood flow in ischemic and peri-ischemic regions. A large majority of stroke patients are refractory to treatment or are not eligible due to the narrow time window of therapeutic efficacy. In recent decades, we have significantly increased our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that inexorably lead to progressive damage in infarcted and peri-lesional brain areas. As a result, promising neuroprotective targets have been identified and exploited in several stroke models. However, these considerable advances have been unsuccessful in clinical contexts. This lack of clinical translatability and the emerging use of biomaterials in different biomedical disciplines have contributed to developing a new class of biomaterial-based systems for the better control of drug delivery in cerebral disorders. These systems are based on specific polymer formulations structured in nanoparticles and hydrogels that can be administered through different routes and, in general, bring the concentrations of drugs to therapeutic levels for prolonged times. In this review, we first provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms impaired by cerebral ischemia, highlighting the role of excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depolarization waves as the main pathways and targets to promote neuroprotection avoiding neuronal dysfunction. In the second part, we discuss the versatile role played by distinct biomaterials and formats to support the sustained administration of particular compounds to neuroprotect the cerebral tissue at risk of damage.
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23

Possover, Marc, Jan Baekelandt, and Vito Chiantera. "The Laparoscopic Implantation of Neuroprothesis (LION) Procedure to Control Intractable Abdomino-Pelvic Neuralgia." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 10, no. 1 (January 2007): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00083.x.

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24

Fromm, B., R. Rupp, and H. J. Gerner. "Das Freehand®-System: Eine implantierbare Neuroprothese zur funktionellen Elektrostimulation der oberen Extremität1." Handchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie 33, no. 3 (May 2001): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-15129.

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Weinberg, Annelie-Martina, and Christoph Castellani. "Role of Neuroprotein S-100B in the Diagnostic of Pediatric Mild Brain Injury." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 36, no. 4 (July 12, 2010): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-010-1120-8.

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26

Girardie, J., D. Boureme, F. Couillaud, M. Tamarelle, and A. Girardie. "Anti-juvenile effect of neuroparsin A, a neuroprotein isolated from locust corpora cardiaca." Insect Biochemistry 17, no. 7 (January 1987): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1790(87)90106-5.

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Lee, Iwa, Per Eriksson, Anders Fredriksson, Sonja Buratovic, and Henrik Viberg. "Developmental neurotoxic effects of two pesticides: Behavior and neuroprotein studies on endosulfan and cypermethrin." Toxicology 335 (September 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.010.

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28

Castellani, C., P. Bimbashi, E. Ruttenstock, P. Sacherer, T. Stojakovic, and A.-M. Weinberg. "Neuroprotein s-100B - a useful parameter in paediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury?" Acta Paediatrica 98, no. 10 (October 2009): 1607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01423.x.

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Lee, Ming-Yih, Kok-Soon Soon, Wen-Yen Lin, and Wann-Yun Shieh. "A New Biofeedback Lower Limb Neuroprothesis for Balance Control and Sensory Compensation in Amputees." Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnsne.2013.1041.

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Simon-Pimmel, Jeanne, Fleur Lorton, Damien Masson, Damien Bouvier, Matthieu Hanf, and Christèle Gras-Le Guen. "Reference ranges for serum S100B neuroprotein specific to infants under four months of age." Clinical Biochemistry 50, no. 18 (December 2017): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.014.

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31

Guiraud, David. "Interfacing the neural system to restore deficient functions: From theoretical studies to neuroprothesis design." Comptes Rendus Biologies 335, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2011.10.006.

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32

Adriana, Kusuma, and I. Wayan Arsana Wiyasa. "MENOPAUSE DAN ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE." Saintika Medika 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sm.v13i2.5528.

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Struktur populasi penduduk dunia bergeser kearah penduduk berusia lanjut dengan konsekuensi munculnya penyakit-penyakit degeneratif termasuk demensia. Demensia menjadi satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat terbesar pada generasi saat ini, dan Alzheimer`s disease (AD) merupakan bentuk yang tersering dari demensia, berkisar 60-70 % dari total demensia. Perempuan mempunyai risiko lebih besar menderita AD dibanding laki-laki karena angka harapan hidup yang lebih panjang. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak perempuan hidup lebih lama setelah menopause. AD adalah gangguan neurodegeneratif dengan manifestasi klinik memori dan kognitif yang menurun drastis atau demensia disertai penurunan fungsi memori, berpikir, berbahasa dan kapasitas belajar. Etiologi AD belum diketahui dengan pasti dan penegakkan diagnosis sukar ditegakkan saat pasien masih hidup. Neurotransmiter, neuropeptida dan neurosteroid mengalami perubahan penting saat menopause yang menyebabkan gangguan pada Central Nervous System (CNS). Long Term Estrogen Deprivation (LTED) pada perempuan menopause menyebabkan neurodegenerasi, degradasi RE alfa di hipokampus yang menyebabkan hilangnya efek estradiol sebagai neuroproteksi terhadap iskemia serebral dan turunnya aktifitas choline asetyltransferase yang menyebabkan turunnya sintesis asetilkolin yang menyebabkan gangguan belajar dan memori. Penelitian mengenai pemberian estrogen sebagai terap sulih hormon masih menimbulkan kontroversi untuk terapi AD.Kata kunci : menopause, penyakit degeneratif, demensia, Alzheimer`s disease, hipoestrogen
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33

Frenkel, Marie Ottilie, Simona Maltese, and Andrea Schankin. "Befunde aus EEG-Untersuchungen zum Mentalen Training." Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000065.

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Mentales Training (MT) im Sinne der planmäßig wiederholten Vorstellung eines Bewegungsablaufes ist ein zentraler Gegenstand sportpsychologischer Forschung. Im Hochleistungssport und in der Rehabilitation wird es zur Optimierung von Bewegungen eingesetzt. Einen Erklärungsansatz der Trainingswirkung bietet die Simulationstheorie mit dem zentralen Postulat, dass Bewegungsausführung und -vorstellung gleiche neuronale Strukturen aktivieren (funktionale Äquivalenz). Diese Annahme wurde mittels verschiedener neurophysiologischer Methoden geprüft, die teils zu widersprüchlichen Befunden führten. Die Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) kann unserer Ansicht nach dabei helfen, Lücken im theoretischen Erkenntnisprozess zu schließen. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über die aktuelle Befundlage zum Mentalen Training mittels EEG. Es sollen drei wesentliche Vorteile der Methode aufgezeigt werden: (a) das EEG liefert Maße der neurophysiologischen Aktivität mit hoher zeitlicher Auflösung, (b) technische Weiterentwicklungen (drahtlose Hardware, tragbare Ausrüstung) erlauben die notwendige Bewegungsfreiheit für eine Anwendung im Sportkontext und (c) in der Rehabilitation kann die Vorstellung von Bewegungen als mentale Strategie dienen, um eine Neuroprothese auf Basis von Hirnsignalen zu steuern.
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34

Qin, Xiao-Yan, Yong Cheng, Saravana R. K. Murthy, Prabhuanand Selvaraj, and Y. Peng Loh. "Carboxypeptidase E-ΔN, a Neuroprotein Transiently Expressed during Development Protects Embryonic Neurons against Glutamate Neurotoxicity." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 26, 2014): e112996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112996.

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35

Simon-Pimmel, Jeanne, Fleur Lorton, Nicolas Guiziou, Karine Levieux, Bénédicte Vrignaud, Damien Masson, Benoit Dupas, and Christèle Gras-Leguen. "Serum S100β Neuroprotein Reduces Use of Cranial Computed Tomography in Children After Minor Head Trauma." Shock 44, no. 5 (November 2015): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000000442.

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36

Stieglitz, Thomas, Martin Schüttler, and Ron Riso. "ELEKTRODEN ZUR SELEKTIVEN ELEKTROSTIMULATION GROSSER ARMNERVEN FÜR EINE NEUROPROTHESE ZUR WIEDERHERSTELLUNG DER GREIFFUNKTION BEI QUERSCHNITTLÄHMUNG." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 45, s1 (2000): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2000.45.s1.285.

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37

Bahl, Justyna, Anja Hviid Simonsen, Jette Frederiksen Battistini, Lisette Salvesen, Gunhild Waldemar, and Niels Heegaard. "P1-004: Neuroprotein patterns in CSF from Alzheimer's patients and patients with other neurodegenerative diseases." Alzheimer's & Dementia 8, no. 4S_Part_3 (July 2012): P109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.279.

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38

Gauldie, R. W., and D. G. A. Nelson. "Aragonite twinning and neuroprotein secretion are the cause of daily growth rings in fish otoliths." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 90, no. 3 (January 1988): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)90227-7.

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39

Theoharides, T. C., S. Asadi, and S. Panagiotidou. "A Case Series of a Luteolin Formulation (Neuroprotek®) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463201202500201.

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40

Possover, M. "The Laparoscopic Implantation of Neuroprothesis to the Pelveo-Abdominal Nerves for Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunctions." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 15, no. 6 (November 2008): 17S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2008.09.059.

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41

Gong, Xiao-Gang, Hong-Mei Sun, Yi Zhang, Shu-Jing Zhang, Yu-Shan Gao, Jing Feng, Jing-Hong Hu, et al. "Da-Bu-Yin-Wan and Qian-Zheng-San to Neuroprotect the Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/729195.

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Da-Bu-Yin-Wan (DBYW) and Qian-Zheng-San (QZS), two classic traditional Chinese medicinal formulas, were clinically employed to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our previous studies demonstrated neuroprotective effects of them on mitochondrial function in PD mice induced by1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP). The purpose of this research was to investigate their possible mechanisms in the light of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels. The neuroprotective effect of DBYW and QZS on dopamine (DA) neurons in substantia nigra (SN) in the MPTP-induced PD mice was investigated by behavioral test (pole test) and immunohistochemistry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the midbrain tissue was detected by firefly luciferase method. MitoKATPchannel subunits SUR1 and Kir6.2 mRNA and protein expressions were tested by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. It was observed that DBYW and/or QZS served to ameliorate MPTP-induced behavioral impairment and prevent the loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons, as well as increase ATP level in the midbrain tissue and downregulate SUR1 expression at mRNA and protein levels with no marked influence on Kir6.2. We concluded that DBYW and QZS exhibit neuroprotective effects probably through the regulation of ATP level and mitoKATPchannel subunit expressions.
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42

Lagoda, Gwen, Sena F. Sezen, and Arthur L. Burnett. "FK506 and Rapamycin Neuroprotect Erection and Involve Different Immunophilins in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury." Journal of Sexual Medicine 6, no. 7 (July 2009): 1914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01293.x.

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43

Possover, M. "The Laparoscopic Implantation of Neuroprothesis to the Sacral Nerve Roots for Recovery a Electrical-Induced Micturition in Paralyzed Patients." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 15, no. 6 (November 2008): 30S—31S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2008.09.110.

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44

Buratovic, Sonja, Henrik Viberg, Anders Fredriksson, and Per Eriksson. "Developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenyl ether PBDE 209: Neurobehavioural and neuroprotein analysis in adult male and female mice." Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 38, no. 2 (September 2014): 570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.010.

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45

Ameloot, Koen, Cathy De Deyne, Ward Eertmans, Bert Ferdinande, Matthias Dupont, Pieter-Jan Palmers, Tibaut Petit, et al. "Early goal-directed haemodynamic optimization of cerebral oxygenation in comatose survivors after cardiac arrest: the Neuroprotect post-cardiac arrest trial." European Heart Journal 40, no. 22 (March 20, 2019): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz120.

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46

Ishikawa, Ryoki, Kensuke Hayashi, Tomoaki Shirao, Yinhuan Xue, Takashi Takagi, Yo Sasaki, and Kazuhiro Kohama. "Binding of drebrin, a growth-associated neuroprotein, to actin filaments causes tropomyosin and α-actinin to dissociate from actin filaments." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 64 (1994): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)50115-9.

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47

Possover, M. "Laparoscopic exposure and electrostimulation of the somatic and autonomous pelvic nerves: a new method for implantation of neuroprothesis in paralyzed patients?" Gynecological Surgery 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10397-004-0024-1.

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48

Possover, Marc. "The laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis to the sacral plexus for therapy of neurogenic bladder dysfunctions after failure of percutaneous sacral nerve stimulation." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 13, no. 2 (August 24, 2009): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2009.00230.x.

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49

Picone, Simonetta, Alberto Ritieni, Adele Fabiano, Giulia Graziani, Piermichele Paolillo, Giovanni Livolti, Fabio Galvano, and Diego Gazzolo. "Lutein levels in arterial cord blood correlate with neuroprotein activin A in healthy preterm and term newborns: A trophic role for lutein?" Clinical Biochemistry 52 (February 2018): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.11.017.

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50

Wouters, Anke, Lauranne Scheldeman, Sam Plessers, Ronald Peeters, Sarah Cappelle, Philippe Demaerel, Wim Van Paesschen, et al. "Added Value of Quantitative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Neuroprognostication After Cardiac Arrest." Neurology 96, no. 21 (April 9, 2021): e2611-e2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011991.

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ObjectiveTo test the prognostic value of brain MRI in addition to clinical and electrophysiologic variables in patients post–cardiac arrest (CA), we explored data from the randomized Neuroprotect Post-CA trial (NCT02541591).MethodsIn this trial, brain MRIs were prospectively obtained. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and percentage of brain voxels with an ADC value <650 × 10−6 mm2/s and <450 × 10−6 mm2/s. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with clinical characteristics, EEG, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and ADC value as independent variables to predict good neurologic recovery.ResultsIn 79/102 patients, MRI data were available and in 58/79 patients all other data were available. At 180 days post-CA, 25/58 (43%) patients had good neurologic recovery. In univariable analysis of all tested MRI measures, average ADC value in the postcentral cortex had the highest accuracy to predict good neurologic recovery, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.78. In the most optimal multivariable model, which also included corneal reflexes and EEG, this measure remained an independent predictor of good neurologic recovery (AUC 0.96, false-positive 27%). This model provided a more accurate prediction compared to the most optimal combination of EEG, corneal reflexes, and SSEP (p = 0.03).ConclusionsAdding information on brain MRI in a multivariable model may improve the prediction of good neurologic recovery in patients post-CA.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that MRI ADC features predict neurologic recovery in patients post-CA.
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