Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neurotransmitter

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Neurotransmitter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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Keighron, Jacqueline D., Yuanmo Wang, and Ann-Sofie Cans. "Electrochemistry of Single-Vesicle Events." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2020): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-010032.

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Neuronal transmission relies on electrical signals and the transfer of chemical signals from one neuron to another. Chemical messages are transmitted from presynaptic neurons to neighboring neurons through the triggered fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. This process, known as exocytosis, involves the rapid release of neurotransmitter solutions that are detected with high affinity by the postsynaptic neuron. The type and number of neurotransmitters released and the frequency of vesicular events govern brain functions such as cognition, decision making, learning, and memory. Therefore, to understand neurotransmitters and neuronal function, analytical tools capable of quantitative and chemically selective detection of neurotransmitters with high spatiotemporal resolution are needed. Electrochemistry offers powerful techniques that are sufficiently rapid to allow for the detection of exocytosis activity and provides quantitative measurements of vesicle neurotransmitter content and neurotransmitter release from individual vesicle events. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used electrochemical methods for monitoring single-vesicle events, including recent developments and what is needed for future research.
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Luck, Berkley, Thomas D. Horvath, Kristen A. Engevik, et al. "Neurotransmitter Profiles Are Altered in the Gut and Brain of Mice Mono-Associated with Bifidobacterium dentium." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081091.

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Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can synthesize neurotransmitters as well as impact host-derived neurotransmitter levels. In the past, it has been challenging to decipher which microbes influence neurotransmitters due to the complexity of the gut microbiota. Methods: To address whether a single microbe, Bifidobacterium dentium, could regulate important neurotransmitters, we examined Bifidobacteria genomes and explored neurotransmitter pathways in secreted cell-free supernatant using LC-MS/MS. To determine if B. dentium could impact neurotransmitters in vivo, we mono-associated germ-free mice with B. dentium ATCC 27678 and examined fecal and brain neurotransmitter concentrations. Results: We found that B. dentium possessed the enzymatic machinery to generate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glutamate, glutamine, and succinate. Consistent with the genome analysis, we found that B. dentium secreted GABA in a fully defined microbial media and elevated fecal GABA in B. dentium mono-associated mice compared to germ-free controls. We also examined the tyrosine/dopamine pathway and found that B. dentium could synthesize tyrosine, but could not generate L-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine. In vivo, we found that B. dentium mono-associated mice had elevated levels of tyrosine in the feces and brain. Conclusions: These data indicate that B. dentium can contribute to in vivo neurotransmitter regulation.
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Baluta, Sylwia, Dorota Zając, Adam Szyszka, Karol Malecha, and Joanna Cabaj. "Enzymatic Platforms for Sensitive Neurotransmitter Detection." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020423.

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A convenient electrochemical sensing pathway was investigated for neurotransmitter detection based on newly synthesized silole derivatives and laccase/horseradish-peroxidase-modified platinum (Pt)/gold (Au) electrodes. The miniature neurotransmitter’s biosensors were designed and constructed via the immobilization of laccase in an electroactive layer of the Pt electrode coated with poly(2,6-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-4-methyl-4-octyl-dithienosilole) and laccase for serotonin (5-HT) detection, and a Au electrode modified with the electroconducting polymer poly(2,6-bis(selenophen-2-yl)-4-methyl-4-octyl-dithienosilole), along with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), for dopamine (DA) monitoring. These sensing arrangements utilized the catalytic oxidation of neurotransmitters to reactive quinone derivatives (the oxidation process was provided in the enzymes’ presence). Under the optimized conditions, the analytical performance demonstrated a convenient degree of sensitivity: 0.0369 and 0.0256 μA mM−1 cm−2, selectivity in a broad linear range (0.1–200) × 10−6 M) with detection limits of ≈48 and ≈73 nM (for the serotonin and dopamine biosensors, respectively). Moreover, the method was successfully applied for neurotransmitter determination in the presence of interfering compounds (ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, and uric acid).
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Anastasaki, Corina, Rasha Barakat, Rui Mu, et al. "CNSC-43. NEUROTRANSMITTER DEPENDENCY UNDERLIES TUMOR GROWTH IN HUMANIZED PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA MODELS." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0199.

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Abstract Brain tumors arise in close association with neurons, suggesting that these non-neoplastic cells may be critical stromal drivers of brain tumor initiation and growth. Previously, we have shown that murine low-grade optic glioma formation and progression in the setting of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is dictated by neurons and neuronal activity. In these studies, these neuronal dependencies reflected neuronal activity-driven enzymatic cleavage of a growth factor (neuroligin-3) from oligodendrocyte precursors cells (tumor initiation) or neuronal production of a paracrine factor to stimulate T cell support of optic glioma growth (tumor progression). Since neurons typically communicate with other neurons through neurotransmitters, we sought to explore the possibility that neurotransmitters operate to modulate low-grade glioma growth using humanized mouse models of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). Leveraging single cell RNA sequencing of three independent sets of pediatric PAs, we identified neurotransmitter pathway enrichment in the tumor cells. This neurotransmitter pathway enrichment reflected aberrant expression of specific neurotransmitter receptors, which we confirmed in three independently generated PA tissue microarrays and in five distinct primary PA cell lines grown in vitro. Moreover, this aberrant neurotransmitter receptor expression established differential neurotransmitter PA growth dependencies in vitro. Importantly, interruption of neurotransmitter signaling in human PA xenografts attenuated tumor growth and ERK activation in Rag1-/- mice in vivo. Finally, we discovered crosstalk between neurotransmitter receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling that revealed another target for therapeutic inhibition. Taken together, these findings elucidate a previously unknown neurotransmitter PA growth dependency amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Kumar, Ganesh K. "Hypoxia. 3. Hypoxia and neurotransmitter synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 4 (2011): C743—C751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2011.

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Central and peripheral neurons as well as neuroendocrine cells express a variety of neurotransmitters/modulators that play critical roles in regulation of physiological systems. The synthesis of several neurotransmitters/modulators is regulated by O2-requiring rate-limiting enzymes. Consequently, hypoxia resulting from perturbations in O2 homeostasis can affect neuronal functions by altering neurotransmitter synthesis. Two broad categories of hypoxia are frequently encountered: continuous hypoxia (CH) and intermittent hypoxia (IH). CH is often seen during high altitude sojourns, whereas IH is experienced in sleep-disordered breathing with recurrent apneas (i.e., brief, repetitive cessations of breathing). This article presents what is currently known on the effects of both forms of hypoxia on neurotransmitter levels and neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Wang, Ye, Yunyun Zhang, Kai Wang, et al. "Esketamine increases neurotransmitter releases but simplifies neurotransmitter networks in mouse prefrontal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 2 (2022): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00462.2021.

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In this study, we found that esketamine significantly increased the cortical concentration of multiple neurotransmitters in mice. However, esketamine dynamically simplified the overall network of cortical neurotransmitters at different behavioral states during the perianesthesia period. The concentration of 5-HT in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was highly correlated with the esketamine-increased gamma oscillation. These findings suggested that the transformation of the neurotransmitter network rather than the concentrations of neurotransmitters could be more indicative of the consciousness shift during esketamine anesthesia.
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Si, Bo, and Edward Song. "Recent Advances in the Detection of Neurotransmitters." Chemosensors 6, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6010001.

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Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers in the synaptic transmission process. They are essential for human health and any imbalance in their activities can cause serious mental disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, monitoring the concentrations of various neurotransmitters is of great importance in studying and diagnosing such mental illnesses. Recently, many researchers have explored the use of unique materials for developing biosensors for both in vivo and ex vivo neurotransmitter detection. A combination of nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules were incorporated to implement such sensor devices. For in vivo detection, electrochemical sensing has been commonly applied, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry being the most promising technique to date, due to the advantages such as easy miniaturization, simple device architecture, and high sensitivity. However, the main challenges for in vivo electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors are limited target selectivity, large background signal and noise, and device fouling and degradation over time. Therefore, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitters in real time with long-term stability remains the focus of research. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the recently developed sensing techniques with the focus on neurotransmitters as the target analyte, and to discuss the outlook of simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitter species. This paper is organized as follows: firstly, the common materials used for developing neurotransmitter sensors are discussed. Secondly, several sensor surface modification approaches to enhance sensing performance are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recent developments in the simultaneous detection capability of multiple neurotransmitters.
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Yao, Yongcheng, Shan Zhao, Yuhong Zhang, et al. "Job-related burnout is associated with brain neurotransmitter levels in Chinese medical workers: a cross-sectional study." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (2018): 3226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518775003.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout and neurotransmitter levels in medical staff. Methods A total of 80 medical staff were enrolled in the study and assessed for occupational burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS). The levels of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex were analysed using an SP03 encephalofluctuograph. Results The levels of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), glutamate, acetylcholine (Achl) and dopamine (DA) were significantly lower in men than in women. Medical staff with lower levels of exhaustion had significantly higher neurotransmitter levels than staff with moderate levels of exhaustion. However, there was no significant interaction between sex and exhaustion on neurotransmitter levels. Canonical correlation showed that exhaustion was positively associated with 5-HT and DA, but negatively associated with NE and Achl, regardless of age and sex. Conclusion Neurotransmitter levels in the cerebral cortex were associated with job-related burnout in medical staff. The findings suggest that long-term job-related burnout may lead to behavioural and psychiatric disorders.
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Prado, Vania F., Ashbeel Roy, Benjamin Kolisnyk, Robert Gros, and Marco A. M. Prado. "Regulation of cholinergic activity by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter." Biochemical Journal 450, no. 2 (2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121662.

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Acetylcholine, the first chemical to be identified as a neurotransmitter, is packed in synaptic vesicles by the activity of VAChT (vesicular acetylcholine transporter). A decrease in VAChT expression has been reported in a number of diseases, and this has consequences for the amount of acetylcholine loaded in synaptic vesicles as well as for neurotransmitter release. Several genetically modified mice targeting the VAChT gene have been generated, providing novel models to understand how changes in VAChT affect transmitter release. A surprising finding is that most cholinergic neurons in the brain also can express a second type of vesicular neurotransmitter transporter that allows these neurons to secrete two distinct neurotransmitters. Thus a given neuron can use two neurotransmitters to regulate different physiological functions. In addition, recent data indicate that non-neuronal cells can also express the machinery used to synthesize and release acetylcholine. Some of these cells rely on VAChT to secrete acetylcholine with potential physiological consequences in the periphery. Hence novel functions for the oldest neurotransmitter known are emerging with the potential to provide new targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions.
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Yang, Meiqing, Lu Wang, Haozi Lu, and Qizhi Dong. "Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (2023): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051088.

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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play an important role in the nervous system’s control of the body’s physiological state and behaviour. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters are closely associated with some mental disorders. Therefore, accurate analysis of neurotransmitters is of great clinical importance. Electrochemical sensors have shown bright application prospects in the detection of neurotransmitters. In recent years, MXene has been increasingly used to prepare electrode materials for fabricating electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors due to its excellent physicochemical properties. This paper systematically introduces the advances in MXene-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for the detection of neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, tyrosine, NO, and H2S), with a focus on their strategies for improving the electrochemical properties of MXene-based electrode materials, and provides the current challenges and future prospects for MXene-based electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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Kuo, Sheng-Wen. "Synaptic protein profiles and neurotransmitter release in relation to alcoholism /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18653.pdf.

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Chao, Chih-Kai. "The vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) heterologous expression, proteoliposome, computational and mass spectral studies /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12112008-140102/.

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Káradóttir, Raghildur Póra. "Neurotransmitter signalling to oligodendrocytes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446463/.

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Neurotransmitter signalling to neurons and glial cells plays a key role in brain development, information processing and pathological processes. This thesis focuses on neurotransmitter signalling to oligodendrocytes, the glial cells which provide myelin to speed the propagation of action potentials along neuronal axons. In cerebellar and corpus callosal slices, I used patch-clamping and immunocytochemistry to examine the properties of precursor, immature and mature oligodendrocytes, characterizing their morphology and basic electrical properties, their response to glutamate, GABA and other neurotransmitters, and the neurotransmitter receptor subunits that they express. In contrast to the currently held view, I found that oligodendrocytes express NMDA receptors. These receptors show extremely weak magnesium-block, allowing them to be activated at the resting potential, and they may be composed of NR1, NR2C and NR3 subunits. To investigate the role of these NMDA receptors in pathology, experiments on hippocampal neurons were first used to establish how best to block glycolytic and mitochondrial production of ATP to mimic the energy deprivation which occurs in ischaemia. Ischaemia-evoked glutamate release was found to activate oligodendrocyte NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. Although the normal role of the oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors may be to regulate myelination, they probably contribute to the glutamate-mediated damage which occurs to oligodendrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia (leading to cerebral palsy), stroke, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. Block of these receptors may therefore offer a potential therapeutic approach to treating these disorders.
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Worthington, Rebecca A. (Ann). "Structure-function studies of P2X receptors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27719.

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P2X receptors are fast, ATP-gated cation ion channels. To date seven subtypes of P2X receptors have been cloned and identified, PZXH. The membrane topology of the P2X subunit consists of intracellular amino- and carboxy-termini, two transmembrane spanning domains and a large extracellular loop. Despite similar membrane topology, within this family of receptors the P2X subtypes possess different functional characteristics. They exhibit different sensitivities to agonists and antagonists, are modulated differently by extracellular ions, and have different pore forming abilities. The regions that are responsible for differences in function between P2X subtypes have not been elucidated. This thesis aims to further knowledge regarding the relationship between the structure of the P2X family and differences in the function of the various receptor subtypes. Examination of the primary structure of the P2X receptor family led to the identification of epitope regions suitable for antibody production. This suite of antibodies was tested for specificity and the distribution of P2X receptors was examined in a range of rat tissues and two cell lines. The pathophysiological involvement of the P2X7 receptor was examined in B-CLL patients. Two polymorphisms as well as a loss of function mutation were identified in both normal and leukaemic populations. The site of agonist binding is believed to be within the extracellular loop. Examination of the primary structure of the human cytolytic receptor P2X7 led to the identification of two noncontiguous regions that could potentially be involved in binding ATP. Three amino acid residues that lie within the extracellular loop were targeted and their involvement in ATP binding was determined. Two lysine residues at positions 193 and 31 1 and a proline residue at 210 were each exchanged with alanine. An abolition of function of human receptors with mutations at positions 193 or 311 was observed, consistent with a disruption of the ATP binding domain, although alterations in transduction or gating cannot be dismissed. The P2X receptor appears to be comprised of a trimeric subunit arrangement, and Hill coefficients of between 1 and 3 reported for ATP binding suggest that there is more than one ATP binding site per functional receptor. Modelling of the putative binding cleft of the hP2X7 subunit was performed and the residues important for ATP binding were highlighted. The fimctional trimeric receptor appears to possess three intersubunit ATP binding sites. In an attempt to isolate regions of the extracellular domain that contribute to or control various channel properties, chimaeras between subtypes P2X], P2X4 and P2X7 were constructed and their properties examined. Each of the six chimaeras has been shown to be correctly inserted into the cell membrane and functional. These constructs will continue to be investigated and form the basis for extensive future work.
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Shatarat, Amjad. "ATP as a sympathetic neurotransmitter." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12069/.

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ATP has been shown to be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in blood vessels. However, its relative importance has been shown to be influenced by the experimental conditions employed such as alteration of the vascular tone. Thus the main aim was to raise the tone of vascular preparations and to further examine sympathetic neurotransmission in these preparations. Porcine whole mesenteries were perfused with physiological buffer and changes in pressure recorded or different sized mesenteric arteries were isolated and set up for isometric recording. Responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were obtained under basal and raised tone conditions induced by U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic. The nature of the neurotransmitters involved in the mediation of the electrically-evoked responses was assessed using an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin and/or the P2X receptor desensitizing agent, α,β-methyleneATP, an α2-adrenoceptor RX811059 antagonist, and a neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226. In separate experiments, responses to nerve stimulation were investigated in rat mesenteric small arteries pressurized to 90 mmHg. The effects of a selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, YM-12617, and selective P2X1 receptor antagonist, NF-449, on the electrically-evoked response were determined. Under basal tone conditions the electrically-evoked contractile responses in porcine whole mesenteric bed and isolated arteries were exclusively mediated by noradrenaline (NA) since they were inhibited by prazosin. However, under conditions of raised tone, the electrically-evoked responses were enhanced and a role for ATP was evident since these responses were sensitive to α,β-methyleneATP. Responses to exogenous NA and α,β-methyleneATP were also enhanced at raised tone indicating a postjunctional mechanism of enhancement. Nifedipine attenuated the enhanced responses to EFS and α,β-methyleneATP suggesting a possible role for L-type calcium channels in the mediation of the enhanced responses. In rat pressurised mesenteric arteries the electrically-evoked vasocontractile responses were sensitive to YM-12617 and NF-449, indicating that NA and ATP were involved in the mediation of these responses. Raising tone with U46619 in these arteries enhanced the electrically-evoked contractile response; under these conditions responses were sensitive to both YM-12617 and NF-449. The present study supports the observation that ATP becomes a more important sympathetic neurotransmitter under conditions of raised tone in contrast to when tone is absent. In porcine mesenteric vascular preparations NA predominates as the main sympathetic neurotransmitter under conditions of basal tone. However, when tone was raised the responses were enhanced and a role for ATP became evident.
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El-Bakri, Nahid Karrar. "Estrogen effects on different neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus: implications for cognitive function /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-118-0/.

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Sánchez, Soto Marta. "Noncanonical Neurotransmitter Activation of Catecholamine Receptors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400298.

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From the D2‐like receptors (D2,D3, D4), only D4 receptor (D4R) has been described as “promiscuous” since it can be activated both by dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) and function as a noradrenergic receptor in the brain. However, there is no evidence for the other D2‐like receptors. In addition, D4R has a large number of polymorphisms, one of the variants, D4.7, has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. The first aim of this thesis was to study the possible activation of D2‐like recptors (including the three main D4 variants, D2 short, D2 long and D3) by radiolabeled ligand binding and BRET‐based functional assays. Our results indicate that first, NE binds and activates D2‐like receptors and second, there are no differences in the signaling of D4R variants. In addition, the potency of DA and NE depends not only on the receptor but also on the G protein subtype. The catecholamine NE is implicated in important brain functions and it binds to three receptor families. The α2A receptor (α2AR) is expressed in many brain regions and is particularly enriched in the striatum together with α2C (α2CR). The low levels of NE in the striatum led us to question what is the role of α2R there and hypothesize whether DA could provide the endogenous neurotransmitter of α2R in the striatum. Therefore, the second aim of this thesis was to study the activation of α2AR and α2CR by DA and dopaminergic ligands through radiolabeled binding experiments, activation of different subtypes of G protein and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Surprisingly, the potencies of α2AR and α2CR for DA are very similar or even higher than for some D2‐like receptors. Thus, we can hypothesize that the DA in the striatum should reach enough concentration to activate α2AR and α2CR. In addition, these receptors are also targets for compounds previously described as D2‐like agonists. Particularly striking is the ability of the D3R and D4R agonists, 7‐OH‐PIPAT and RO‐105824 to bind and activate with high affinity α2AR i α2CR. Similar to the previous part, the efficacy and potency of ligands depends on the receptor and the G protein subtype. Finally, is its well accepted that G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) form homo‐, heteromers and high order oligomers. Since we had shown that DA and NE bind and activate D2‐like receptors and α2R, we wanted to study the activation of G protein mediated by the complexes formed by D4R variants, D4.4R and D4.7R, and D2R or α2R. In order to do that we used CODA‐RET (complemented donor‐acceptor resonance energy transfer) a technique that allows the study of the function of a signaling complex formed by two defined GPCRs and a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein. Our results indicate that, although they physically interact, D4.7R is not implicated in the G protein activation when is forming complexes with D2R or α2AR. Also, there are no differences in the potency or efficacy of the endogenous neurotransmitters DA and NE with D4.4R and D4.7R monomers or homodimers, but the association with D2R or 2AR discloses differences between the two D4R variants. Finally, we found important differences in the potency and efficacy dopaminergic ligands for the different receptor complexes that could be important for some neuropsychiatric diseases.<br>Dels receptors D2‐like de dopamina (D2, D3, D4) només el D4 (D4R) s’ha descrit com a “promiscu” ja que pot ser activat tant per dopamina (DA) com per noradrenalina (NE); en canvi, no hi ha evidències de que això sigui cert per la resta de receptors D2‐like. A més, el D4R és un receptor molt polimòrfic i una de les seves variants, la D4.7, s’ha associat a desordres psiquiàtrics. El primer objectiu va ser estudiar la possible activació dels receptors D2‐like (D2S, D2L, D3 i les tres variants més prevalents de D4) per NE mitjançant estudis d’unió de radiolligands i assajos funcionals de BRET. Els resultats mostren que primer, la NE s’uneix i activa els receptors D2‐like i segon, no hi ha diferències en la senyalització de les variants de D4R. El receptor α2A (α2AR) adrenèrgic s’expressa en moltes zones cerebrals i està particularment enriquit a l’estriat junt amb el receptor α2C (α2CR). Els baixos nivells de NE a l’estriat donen peu a la possibilitat de que la DA sigui el neurotransmissor endogen de α2AR i α2CR. Per tant, el segon objectiu de la tesi va ser estudiar l’activació de α2AR i α2CR per DA i lligands dopaminèrgics mitjançant estudis d’unió de radiolligands, activació de diferent proteïnes G i inhibició d’adenilat ciclasa. Sorprenentment les potències de α2AR i α2CR per la DA són molt similars o inclús més altes que per alguns receptors D2‐ like. Per tant és probable que els nivells de DA a l’estriat siguin suficients per activar α2R. A més, aquests receptors també són activats per compostos prèviament descrits com agonistes dels receptors D2‐like com ara el 7‐OH‐PIPAT (D3R) i el RO‐105824 (D4R). A més, tant l’eficàcia com la potència dels lligands depèn del receptor i del subtipus de proteïna G. Per últim, els GPCRs poden formar dímers, heteròmers o entitats superiors. A la tercera part vam voler comparar l’activació de proteïna G per DA i NE mitjançant complexes entre dues de les variants de D4R, D4.4R i D4.7R amb D2R i α2AR. Els resultats indiquen que hi ha diferències en l’activació dels diferents complexes que podria tenir importància en malalties com RLS i Parkinson. A més, donen suport a la teoria de que les diferències entre les variants de D4R es troben en la seva interacció amb altres receptors.
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Crawford, Martin. "Neurotransmitter interactions within the rat neostratum." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280360.

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Kim, David K. "Regulation of neurotransmitter release by calcium /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16429.pdf.

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Newell, Kelly. "Neurotransmitter receptor binding in the posterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and in the phencyclidine mouse model an exploration of the NMDA hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070905.165327/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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S, Tuček, ed. Synaptic transmitters and receptors. Wiley, 1987.

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Boulton, Alan A., Glen B. Baker, and Peter H. Yu. Neurotransmitter Enzymes. Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896030792.

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Reith, Maarten E. A. Neurotransmitter Transporters. Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896033724.

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Rayne, Richard C. Neurotransmitter Methods. Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896033945.

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Reith, Maarten E. A. Neurotransmitter Transporters. Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592591582.

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Reith, Maarten E. A., ed. Neurotransmitter Transporters. Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-470-2.

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Bönisch, Heinz, and Harald H. Sitte, eds. Neurotransmitter Transporters. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3765-3.

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Sitte, Harald H., and Michael Freissmuth, eds. Neurotransmitter Transporters. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29784-7.

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1939-, Hucho Ferdinand, ed. Neurotransmitter receptors. Elsevier, 1993.

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A, Boulton A., Baker Glen B. 1947-, and Yu Peter H, eds. Neurotransmitter enzymes. Humana Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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Coskunsu, Sedat. "Degenerative Brain Diseases and Acetylcholine and Gamma–Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism." In Brain Biochemistry and Its Disease. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359371.5.

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Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that enable communication between neurons. Neurotransmitters play a fundamental role in brain function. Changes in neurotransmitter levels can affect normal brain function. Neurotransmitter deficiency can result from damage or dysfunction of nerve cells in brain regions, which can lead to degenerative brain diseases. Altered levels of acetylcholine are associated with degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Dysfunction of the GABA system is associated with different degenerative brain diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
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Capinera, John L., Marjorie A. Hoy, Paul W. Paré, et al. "Neurotransmitter." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2209.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Neurotransmitter." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6930.

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Dorsey, Susan. "Neurotransmitter." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1463.

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Tiro, Jasmin, Simon J. Craddock Lee, Steven E. Lipshultz, et al. "Neurotransmitter." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1463.

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Andrews, Anne M., Greg A. Gerhardt, Lynette C. Daws, et al. "Neurotransmitter." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1109.

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Sewell, A. C. "Neurotransmitter." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_2251-1.

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Müller, W. E. "Neurotransmitter." In Depression 2000. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59394-9_2.

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Sewell, A. C. "Neurotransmitter." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2251.

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Anagnostou, Evdokia, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, et al. "Neurotransmitter." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1539.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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Ahmed, Md Ashfaq, and Ranu Jung. "Emergence of Pathological Slow Waves due to Elevated Neurotransmitter Release." In 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782571.

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Kumanan, T., Sandeep Reddy Narani, Bharat Tidke, Thirumurugan R, S. Karthikeyan, and S. Sujatha. "CNN-based Neuroimaging Analysis for Mapping Neurotransmitter Dysregulation in Anxiety Disorders." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicacs65178.2025.10968835.

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Cheng, J. C. K., J. Hanania, E. Reimers, and V. Sossi. "Impact of DL HYPR4D Kernel Method on Detection of Task-Induced Neurotransmitter Release." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10655352.

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Mohammadi, Mohammad, and Yunshan Wang. "UV plasmonics for enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of neurotransmitter sensor based their native fluorescence." In UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications 2024, edited by Gilles Lérondel, Yong-Hoon Cho, and Atsushi Taguchi. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028624.

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Afonicheva, K. V., I. V. Marchenko, and M. V. Smolnikova. "POLYMORPHISM OF THE MAOA GENE (RS1137070) IN ADOLESCENTS WITH PROBLEMATIC USE OF COMPUTER VIDEO GAMES." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-218.

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Impaired neurotransmitter metabolism potentially contributes to problematic video game use (PVGU) among adolescents. A study was conducted of variants of the MAOA, which catalyzes the breakdown of neurotransmitters, in Russian adolescents. Data of the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of the rs1137070 polymorphism of the MAOA gene among adolescents with and without signs of PVGU were obtained.
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Enoch, Jay M., Gary L. Savage, and Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan. "Psychophysical Tests of Dopamine Anomalies in the Retina." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1987.wd1.

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In recent years there has been great interest in the analysis of neurotransmitter substances and their role in vision and other central nervous system processes. Much evidence has accumulated implicating dopamine as a neurotransmiter in the retina. It is present in certain amacrine, interamacrine and interplexitorm cells (1-5, 8-10). As our knowledge about the role of dopamine in visual processing is limited, a key question to ask is, "are there functional visual effects due to anomalies of the dopamine system in the retina?".
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ANTOCI, Daniel. "Neuroscience as a perspective approach of integration of domains such as: biochemistry, physiology, psychology." In Ştiință și educație: noi abordări și perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.v3.24-25-03-2023.p416-419.

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Neuroscience is an “umbrella” concept which incorporates more scientific domains that permit the accomplishment of transdisciplinary study at the crossroads of biochemistry, physiology, and psychology. The theoretical study concentrates on the analysis of several scientific point of views and research of the main 3 hormones/ neurotransmitters, which define the characteristics of human personality situated in the brain and the spinal cord, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The above-mentioned hormones/neurotransmitters have beenm studied through the prism of biochemistry and physiology, however, much less through that of psychology. More studies have proven the direct connection between the variation of an individual’s personality and the levels of neurotransmitters present in the system. The previously stated facts highlight the necessity of deepening this study, especially in the domain of correlation between the abundance/absence of a certain hormone/neurotransmitter in the human body and the traits of personality.
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"Neurotransmitter gene network reconstruction and analisis." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-177.

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Tan, Weihong, Julia Cordek, Xiaojing Liu, Brooks Gross, and Bernd Liesenfeld. "Microfabrication of biosensors for neurotransmitter analysis." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Mauro Ferrari. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.350046.

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Schmidt, T., S. Meller, RMA Packer, and HA Volk. "Untersuchungen der Neurotransmitter-Ausscheidung in kaninen Urinproben." In 29. Jahrestagung der FG „Innere Medizin und klinische Labordiagnostik“ der DVG (InnLab) – Teil 2: Poster. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723904.

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Reports on the topic "Neurotransmitter"

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Wehner, Jeanne M., and Allan C. Collins. Behavioral Consequences of Neurotransmitter Receptor Regulation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada187894.

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Craviso, Gale L., and Indira Chatterjee. Sensitivity of Neurotransmitter Release to Radiofrequency Fields. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437413.

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Hosein, W. K., A. M. Yorita, and V. M. Tolosa. Characterizing Enzymatic Deposition for Microelectrode Neurotransmitter Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1305874.

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Chan-Palay, Victoria. Neurotransmitter and Peptide Localization in Human Brain. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada219964.

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Johnston, Daniel. Amine Neurotransmitter Regulation of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada170065.

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Eldefrawi, M. E., and E. X. Albuquerque. Neurotransmitter Receptors and Their Ionic Channels as Targets for Drugs and Toxins. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada151508.

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Singh, Anjali. Amino Acids: Building Blocks of Proteins. ConductScience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220612.

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Amino acids are essential organic compounds serving as protein building blocks. Recognized for their biological roles, they underpin proteins' structure and interactions. Classified by polarity and nutritional necessity, essential amino acids, not synthesized by the body, include histidine, leucine, lysine, and more, while non-essential ones are produced internally. These molecules exhibit diverse functions, from neurotransmitter precursor synthesis to immune support. Industries leverage amino acids in animal feed, artificial sweeteners, flavor enhancers, and drug manufacturing, highlighting their vital role in various applications beyond biological systems.
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Cook-Mills, Joan M., Margalit Mokyr, Robert L. Perlman, and Donald A. Chambers. Neurotransmitter Supression of the In Vitro Generation of a Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Response against the Syngeneic MOPC-315 Plasmacytoma. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237453.

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Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Shamala Devi Subramaniam, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Noorkardiffa Syawalina Omar, and Razif Abas. Neurotransmitter Analysis to Confirm the Diagnosis of Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0101.

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เทนคำเนาว์, เทวิน. ฤทธิ์ของสารสกัดจากสมุนไพรในการต้านโรคซึมเศร้า : กลไกในระดับโมเลกุลผ่านตัวขนส่งสารสื่อประสาทโมโนเอมีนชนิดต่างๆ : รายงานการวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2014. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2014.66.

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โรคซึมเศร้าเป็นโรคที่เกิดจากพหุปัจจัย รวมไปถึงความผิดปกติของระบบประสาท โมโนเอมีเนอร์จิก ในปัจจุบัน โรคซึมเศร้าเป็นปัญหาสาธารณสุขทัง้ ในประเทศไทย และระดับโลก ส่งผลมหาศาลต่อคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วย และครอบครัว โดยผู้ป่วยต้องกินยาต้านโรคซึมเศร้าเป็น ระยะเวลานาน ซึ่งนอกจากมีราคาแพงแล้ว ยังมีผลข้างเคียงของยา และมีสิทธิภาพไม่ดีนัก ดังนั้น คณะผู้วิจัยจึงศึกษาหาสารต้านโรคซึมเศร้าชนิดใหม่ที่ให้ผลข้างเคียงต่ำ มีประสิทธิภาพสูง และราคาไม่แพง ทั้งนี้ ได้ศึกษากลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของสารสกัดสมุนไพร ได้แก่ ใบสะระแหน่ (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen) ใบขี้เหล็ก (Senna siamea (Lam.)) และบัวบก (Centella asiatica (L.)) ที่สกัดด้วยสารละลายเอทานอล และน้ำ ต่อการต้านโรคซึมเศร้าโดยใช้เซลล์ ประสาทเพาะเลี้ยงชนิด LAN-5 เป็ นแบบในการทดลอง โดยมุ่งวิเคราะห์ผลของสารสกัดต่อสอง กลไก คือ การแสดงออกของยีน hDAT, hSERT และ hNET ในระดับ mRNA โดยใช้เทคนิค RT-PCR และการยับยั้ง การทำงานของโปรตีนขนส่งสารสื่อประสาทชนิดซีโรโทนิน โดพามีน และ นอร์อิพิเนฟริน โดยใช้เทคนิค uptake assay ด้วยชุดน้ำยา Neurotransmitter transporter uptake assay kit และใช้ยาต้านโรคซึมเศร้า fluoxetine, desipramine และ GBR12935 เป็นยาอ้างอิงในการทดสอบ นอกจากนี้ยังทดสอบความเป็นพิษของสารสกัดสมุนไพรต่อเซลล์ประสาท เพาะเลี้ยง LAN-5 โดยใช้เทคนิค MTT assay จากการศึกษาพบว่า สารสกัดสมุนไพรทั้ง 3 ชนิด ทั้งที่สกัดด้วยเอทานอล และน้ำ มีฤทธิ์ยับยั้งการแสดงออกของยีน hSERT, hDAT และ hNET ได้ในเซลล์ประสาทเพาะเลี้ยง LAN-5 อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P&lt;0.05) สารสกัดใบสะระแหน่ มีฤทธิ์ยับยัง้ การทำงานของโปรตีนขนส่งสารสื่อประสาทชนิดโดพามีน และซีโรโทนินได้อย่างมี นัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P&lt;0.05) โดยสารสกัดสมุนไพรที่ศึกษานี้ไม่มีความเป็นพิษต่อเซลล์ประสาท เพาะเลี้ยง LAN-5 นอกจากนี้ คณะผู้วิจัย ได้พัฒนาเทคนิค HPLC เพื่อวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณของ สารสื่อประสาทชนิดโมโนเอมีน ในสมองหนูส่วน hippocampus เพื่อศึกษาผลของสารสกัดจาก เหง้ากระชายดำและจันทน์เทศ
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