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Journal articles on the topic 'Neurotransmitters; Dopamine release'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Stern, Peter R. "Daylight Determines Dopamine." Science Signaling 6, no. 273 (2013): ec95-ec95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004276.

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Expression of the appropriate neurotransmitters is essential for the function of neural circuits. Can neurons change their transmitter phenotype to deal with alterations in the environment? Dulcis et al. (see the Perspective by Birren and Marder) exposed adult rats to different photoperiods mimicking summer and winter daylengths. Neurotransmitter expression switched between dopamine and somatostatin in hypothalamic neurons that regulate release of corticotropin-releasing factor. Transmitter switching occurred at the transcriptional level and was accompanied by changes in postsynaptic receptors

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2

Kolbinger, Walter, and Reto Weiler. "Modulation of endogenous dopamine release in the turtle retina: Effects of light, calcium, and neurotransmitters." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 6 (1993): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010142.

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AbstractIn the turtle retina, dopamine has been observed in a small population of amacrine cells. Whereas the effect of dopamine has been intensively studied, knowledge about the release of this transmitter and the neuronal control of its release are still poorly understood. We therefore decided to study the release of endogenous dopamine. Isolated retinas were superfused with Ringer’s solutions and stimulated with increased potassium, light, or drugs which interfere with neurotransmitter systems. Dopamine was analyzed by using aluminum-oxide extraction and high-pressure liquid chromatography

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Myslivecek, Jaromir. "Two Players in the Field: Hierarchical Model of Interaction between the Dopamine and Acetylcholine Signaling Systems in the Striatum." Biomedicines 9, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010025.

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Tight interactions exist between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the striatum. Dopaminergic neurons express muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cholinergic interneurons express dopamine receptors. All neurons in the striatum are pacemakers. An increase in dopamine release is activated by stopping acetylcholine release. The coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. Changes in neurotransmitter ratios are considered a prominent factor in Parkinson’s disease. In general, drugs increase striatal dopamine release, and others ca

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Paterson, Louise M., Robin J. Tyacke, David J. Nutt, and Gitte M. Knudsen. "Measuring Endogenous 5-HT Release by Emission Tomography: Promises and Pitfalls." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 10 (2010): 1682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.104.

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Molecular in vivo neuroimaging techniques can be used to measure regional changes in endogenous neurotransmitters, evoked by challenges that alter synaptic neurotransmitter concentration. This technique has most successfully been applied to the study of endogenous dopamine release using positron emission tomography, but has not yet been adequately extended to other neurotransmitter systems. This review focuses on how the technique has been applied to the study of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system. The principles behind visualising fluctuations in neurotransmitters are introduced, with refe

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Wurtman, RJ. "Presynaptic control of Release of Amine Neurotransmitters by Precursor Levels." Physiology 3, no. 4 (1988): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1988.3.4.158.

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The amounts of such aminergic neurotransmitters as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine that are released into synapses, spontaneously and when the neurons fire, can be affected by the concentrations of their nutrient precursors tryptophan, tyrosine, and dopamine and can thus be influenced by eating "real" foods or taking the pure precursors. Simple laws can apparently enable the investigator to predict when precursor levels will or will not have such effects.

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Mora, Francisco, and Alberto Porras. "Effects of amphetamine on the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia of the conscious rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 5-6 (1993): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-054.

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The effects of systemic injections of amphetamine sulfate on the release of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glutamine were studied using a push–pull perfusion system in the conscious rat. Amphetamine produced a dose-related increase of the extracellular levels of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The mean time effect of amphetamine was 40 min, followed by a recovery to baseline levels. The mean percentage increase in amino acids released by the highest dose of amphetamine (5 mg/kg) was as follows: Asp, 334.6%; Glu, 224.5%; and Gln, 317.6%. All these effects were blocked by the dopamine D1–D2

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7

Gubernator, N. G., H. Zhang, R. G. W. Staal, et al. "Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals." Science 324, no. 5933 (2009): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1172278.

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8

Trouillon, Raphaël, and Martin A. M. Gijs. "Dynamic electrochemical quantitation of dopamine release from a cells-on-paper system." RSC Advances 6, no. 37 (2016): 31069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02487d.

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9

Lacoste, A., S. K. Malham, A. Cueff, F. Jalabert, F. Gelebart, and S. A. Poulet. "Evidence for a form of adrenergic response to stress in the mollusc Crassostrea gigas." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 7 (2001): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.7.1247.

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Catecholamines and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, some of the central regulators of the stress-response systems of vertebrates, are also present in invertebrates. However, studies are needed to determine how these hormones participate in the organisation of neuroendocrine stress-response axes in invertebrates. Our present work provides evidence for the presence of an adrenergic stress-response system in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Noradrenaline and dopamine are released into the circulation in response to stress. Storage and release of these hormones take place in neurosecreto

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10

Agnesi, Filippo, Susannah J. Tye, Jonathan M. Bledsoe, et al. "Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System–based amperometric detection of dopamine, adenosine, and glutamate for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 4 (2009): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.jns0990.

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Object In a companion study, the authors describe the development of a new instrument named the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System (WINCS), which couples digital telemetry with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to measure extracellular concentrations of dopamine. In the present study, the authors describe the extended capability of the WINCS to use fixed potential amperometry (FPA) to measure extracellular concentrations of dopamine, as well as glutamate and adenosine. Compared with other electrochemical techniques such as FSCV or high-speed chronoamperometry, FPA o

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11

Giraldo, Sandra, María E. Alea-Reyes, David Limón та ін. "π-Donor/π-Acceptor Interactions for the Encapsulation of Neurotransmitters on Functionalized Polysilicon-Based Microparticles". Pharmaceutics 12, № 8 (2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080724.

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Bipyridinium salts, commonly known as viologens, are π-acceptor molecules that strongly interact with π-donor compounds, such as porphyrins or amino acids, leading their self-assembling. These properties have promoted us to functionalize polysilicon microparticles with bipyridinium salts for the encapsulation and release of π-donor compounds such as catecholamines and indolamines. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of four gemini-type amphiphilic bipyridinium salts (1·4PF6–4·4PF6), and their immobilization either non-covalently or covalently on polysilicon surfaces and microparti

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12

Shin, Mimi, Ying Wang, Jason R. Borgus, and B. Jill Venton. "Electrochemistry at the Synapse." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2019): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115434.

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Electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters provide insight into the dynamics of neurotransmission. In this review, we describe the development of electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters and how they started with extrasynaptic measurements but now are pushing toward synaptic measurements. Traditionally, biosensors or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry have monitored extrasynaptic levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, glutamate, and acetylcholine. Amperometry and electrochemical cytometry techniques have revealed mechanisms of exocytosis, suggesting part

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Tilan, Jason, and Joanna Kitlinska. "Sympathetic Neurotransmitters and Tumor Angiogenesis—Link between Stress and Cancer Progression." Journal of Oncology 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/539706.

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Recent evidence supports a longstanding hypothesis that chronic stress can influence tumor growth and progression. It has been shown that sympathetic neurotransmitters, such as catecholamines and neuropeptides, can affect both cancer cell growth and tumor vascularization. Depending on neurotransmitter and type of tumor, these effects can be both stimulatory and inhibitory. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) are potent stimulators of vascularization, acting both by inducing the release of angiogenic factors from tumor cells and directly on endothelial cell (EC) functions. As a result, acti

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PAES-DE-CARVALHO, ROBERTO. "Adenosine as a signaling molecule in the retina: biochemical and developmental aspects." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 74, no. 3 (2002): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652002000300007.

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The nucleoside adenosine plays an important role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system, including the retina. In the present paper we review compelling evidence showing that adenosine is a signaling molecule in the developing retina. In the chick retina, adenosine transporters are present since early stages of development before the appearance of adenosine A1 receptors modulating dopamine-dependent adenylate cyclase activity or A2 receptors that directly activate the enzyme. Experiments using retinal cell cultures revealed that adenosine is taken up by specific

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15

Xiong, Qiu-Ju, Zhuang-Li Hu, Peng-Fei Wu, et al. "Acid-sensing ion channels contribute to the increase in vesicular release from SH-SY5Y cells stimulated by extracellular protons." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 303, no. 4 (2012): C376—C384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00067.2012.

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Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) have been reported to play a role in the neuronal dopamine pathway, but the exact role in neurotransmitter release remains elusive. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y is a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, which can release monoamine neurotransmitters. In this study, the expression of ASICs was identified in SH-SY5Y cells to further explore the role of ASICs in vesicular release stimulated by acid. We gathered evidence that ASICs could be detected in SH-SY5Y cells. In whole cell patch-clamp recording, a rapid decrease in extracellular pH evoked inward currents, which

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Castagnola, Elisa, Nasim Winchester Vahidi, Surabhi Nimbalkar, et al. "In Vivo Dopamine Detection and Single Unit Recordings Using Intracortical Glassy Carbon Microelectrode Arrays." MRS Advances 3, no. 29 (2018): 1629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.98.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, we present a 4-channel intracortical glassy carbon (GC) microelectrode array on a flexible substrate for the simultaneous in vivo neural activity recording and dopamine (DA) concentration measurement at four different brain locations (220µm vertical spacing). The ability of GC microelectrodes to detect DA was firstly assessed in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline solution and then validated in vivo measuring spontaneous DA concentration in the Striatum of European Starling songbird through fast scan cyclic voltammetry(FSCV). The capability of GC microelectrode arrays and

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17

Boeck, G., G. Nilsson, A. Vlaeminck, and R. Blust. "Central monoaminergic responses to salinity and temperature rises in common carp." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 7 (1996): 1605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.7.1605.

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Juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were exposed to increased levels of salinity (1 % NaCl) at 25 &deg;C and 30 &deg;C. Levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined in different brain parts. Whereas the elevated temperature only resulted in higher levels of the metabolites, increased salinity caused increased levels of DA and 5-HT as well. Increased levels appeared after the first day of exposure and most effects were further enhanced after 1 week in 1 % Na

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18

Nurse, Colin A., Erin M. Leonard, and Shaima Salman. "Role of glial-like type II cells as paracrine modulators of carotid body chemoreception." Physiological Genomics 50, no. 4 (2018): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00142.2017.

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Mammalian carotid bodies (CB) are chemosensory organs that mediate compensatory cardiorespiratory reflexes in response to low blood PO2 (hypoxemia) and elevated CO2/H+ (acid hypercapnia). The chemoreceptors are glomus or type I cells that occur in clusters enveloped by neighboring glial-like type II cells. During chemoexcitation type I cells depolarize, leading to Ca2+-dependent release of several neurotransmitters, some excitatory and others inhibitory, that help shape the afferent carotid sinus nerve (CSN) discharge. Among the predominantly excitatory neurotransmitters are the purines ATP an

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19

Aebischer, P., S. R. Winn, P. A. Tresco, C. B. Jaeger, and L. A. Greene. "Transplantation of Polymer Encapsulated Neurotransmitter Secreting Cells: Effect of the Encapsulation Technique." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 113, no. 2 (1991): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891231.

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Deficits associated with neurological diseases may be improved by the transplantation within the brain lesioned target structure of polymer encapsulated cells releasing the missing neurotransmitter. Surrounding cells with a permselective membrane of appropriate molecular weight cut-off allows inward diffusion of nutrients and outward diffusion of neurotransmitters, but prevents immunoglobulins or immune cells from reaching the transplant. This technique therefore allows transplantation of postmitotic cells across species. It also permits neural grafting of transformed cell lines since the poly

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20

van der Mast, Rose C. "Pathophysiology of Delirium." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 11, no. 3 (1998): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198879801100304.

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Hypotheses about the pathophysiology of delirium are speculative and largely based on animal research. According to the neurotransmitter hypothesis, decreased oxidative metabolism in the brain causes cerebral dysfunction due to abnormalities of various neurotransmitter systems. Reduced cholinergic function, excess release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate, and both decreased and increased serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid activity may underlie the different symptoms and clinical presentations of delirium. According to the inflammatory hypothesis, increased cerebral secretion of cyt

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Roden, William H., Jason B. Papke, Johnnie M. Moore, Anne L. Cahill, Heather Macarthur, and Amy B. Harkins. "Stable RNA interference of synaptotagmin I in PC12 cells results in differential regulation of transmitter release." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 6 (2007): C1742—C1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00482.2006.

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In sympathetic neurons, it is well-established that the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ATP are differentially coreleased from the same neurons. In this study, we determined whether synaptotagmin (syt) I, the primary Ca2+ sensor for regulated release, could function as the protein that differentially regulates release of these neurotransmitters. Plasmid-based RNA interference was used to specifically and stably silence expression of syt I in a model secretory cell line. Whereas stimulated release of NPY and purines was abolished, stimulated catecholamine (CA)

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22

Boyer, Bancel, Perray, Pouderoux, Balmes, and Bali. "Effect of Champagne Compared to Still White Wine on Peripheral Neurotransmitter Concentrations." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 74, no. 5 (2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.74.5.321.

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To evaluate how the peripheral release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, cholecystokinin, and beta-endorphin is involved in drinking behavior, blood concentrations of these neurotransmitters were followed in 40 healthy young volunteers during the first hour after ingestion of a moderate dose of some common alcoholic beverages (champagne, still white wine) as compared to water. Concerning serotonin levels, two groups of subjects are statistically distinct: one with low basal serotonin levels (< 620 nmol/L) which responded with an increase in serotonin (52% in 10 minutes), and

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Jawad, Atteqa, Richa Kaushal, Muhammad Sohail, and Amna Yaqoob. "Histamine receptors as drug target: Current and future therapeutics." Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University 2, no. 1 (2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol2.iss1.25.

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Histamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for central regulation of inflammatory reactions. Initial studies were done by Sir Henry Dale in 1993. Histamine acts on its four type of receptors. H1 and H2 are well-established with pharmacological status. H1 receptors are mainly linked with inflammatory responses and developed to mitigate the inflammatory symptoms. While H2 antagonists are established with their role in decreasing basal gastric secretions by decreasing the cyclic adenylyl mono phosphate (cAMP), thus used as therapy line for gastric ulcers. H3 being located centrally imparts its c

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Stahl, Stephen M. "Modes and nodes explain the mechanism of action of vortioxetine, a multimodal agent (MMA): actions at serotonin receptors may enhance downstream release of four pro-cognitive neurotransmitters." CNS Spectrums 20, no. 6 (2015): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852915000358.

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KITO, Shozo, Masanori SHIMOYAMA, and Rumiko ARAKAWA. "Effects of Neurotransmitters or Drugs on the in Vivo Release of Dopamine and Its Metabolites." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 40, no. 1 (1986): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jjp.40.57.

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Martínez-Martínez, María I., Isabel Muñoz-Fambuena, and Omar Cauli. "Neurotransmitters and Behavioral Alterations Induced by Nickel Exposure." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 7 (2020): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191202141209.

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Background:: Nickel ions (Ni2+) are a heavy metal with wide industrial uses. Environmental and occupational exposures to Ni are potential risk factors for brain dysfunction and behavioral and neurological symptoms in humans. Methods: We reviewed the current evidence about neurochemical and behavioral alterations associated with Ni exposure in laboratory animals and humans. Results: Ni2+ exposure can alter (both inhibition and stimulation) dopamine release and inhibit glutamate NMDA receptors. Few reports claim an effect of Ni2+ at the level of GBA and serotonin neurotransmission. At behavioral

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Roberts, Bradley M., Emanuel F. Lopes та Stephanie J. Cragg. "Axonal Modulation of Striatal Dopamine Release by Local γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Signalling". Cells 10, № 3 (2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030709.

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Striatal dopamine (DA) release is critical for motivated actions and reinforcement learning, and is locally influenced at the level of DA axons by other striatal neurotransmitters. Here, we review a wealth of historical and more recently refined evidence indicating that DA output is inhibited by striatal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting via GABAA and GABAB receptors. We review evidence supporting the localisation of GABAA and GABAB receptors to DA axons, as well as the identity of the striatal sources of GABA that likely contribute to GABAergic modulation of DA release. We discuss emerging da

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Betti, R., F. F. Casanueva, S. G. Cella, and E. E. Müller. "Activation of the cholinergic system and growth hormone release in the dog: functional interactions with other neurotransmitters." Acta Endocrinologica 108, no. 1 (1985): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1080036.

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Abstract. In unanaesthetized dogs iv administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor eserine (0.5 mg) induced a clear-cut rise in plasma canine growth hormone (cGH) levels. Diphenhydramine and meclastine, two antagonists of histamine (H) H1 receptors completely suppressed the GH-releasing effect of eserine, while cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, only blunted and delayed it. Two long-lasting serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists, metergoline and pizotifen, partially or completely suppressed, respectively, GH release evoked by eserine, whereas fenfluramine, a releaser of neuronal stores of

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Bledsoe, Jonathan M., Christopher J. Kimble, Daniel P. Covey, et al. "Development of the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 4 (2009): 712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.jns081348.

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Object Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that modulation of specific central neuronal systems contributes to the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and motor cortex stimulation (MCS). Real-time monitoring of the neurochemical output of targeted regions may therefore advance functional neurosurgery by, among other goals, providing a strategy for investigation of mechanisms, identification of new candidate neurotransmitters, and chemically guided placement of the stimulating electrode. The authors report the development of a device called the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotr

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Stansfield, S. C., P. G. Knight, C. M. Howles, and F. J. Cunningham. "Endogenous opioid peptide modulation of LH secretion in the ewe lamb: possible involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine." Journal of Endocrinology 116, no. 3 (1988): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1160403.

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ABSTRACT Evidence from several species suggests that the endogenous opioid peptides participate in the regulation of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion. The aim of the present study involving intact and ovariectomized prepubertal ewe lambs was to compare the effects in vivo of an opioid peptide agonist d-Ala2,N-Phe4,Met(0)ol5]-enkephalin (FK 33–824) and antagonist, naloxone, on concentrations of LH and prolactin in plasma, and levels of neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with their effects in vitro on the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and neurotra

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Couzinet, Béatrice, François Dorey, and Gilbert Schaison. "Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, TRH, and dopamine on prolactin secretion in estrogen-primed postmenopausal women." Acta Endocrinologica 121, no. 2 (1989): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1210235.

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Abstract. Prolactin secretion is influenced by at least three important hypothalamic neurotransmitters: TRH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and dopamine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, in estradiol-primed postmenopausal women, the PRL response to TRH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and dopamine differed. Ten postmenopausal women were studied during treatment with estradiol benzoate at a dose of 0.625 mg per day during 15 days. TRH (200 μg iv), saline infusion, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (75 μg infused iv during 15 min), coadministration of vasoactive intestin

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Reipschlager, A., G. E. Nilsson, and H. O. Portner. "A role for adenosine in metabolic depression in the marine invertebrate Sipunculus nudus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 1 (1997): R350—R356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.r350.

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Involvement of neurotransmitters in metabolic depression under hypoxia and hypercapnia was examined in Sipunculus nudus. Concentration changes of several putative neurotransmitters in nervous tissue during anoxic or hypercapnic exposure or during combined anoxia and hypercapnia were determined. Among amino acids (gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, taurine, serine, and aspartate) and monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), some changes were significant, but none were consistent with metabolic depression under all experimental conditions applied. Only the neuromodulator a

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SAIJOH, Kiyofumi, Hiroshi FUJIWARA, and Chikako TANAKA. "Influence of Hypoxia on Release and Uptake of Neurotransmitters in Guinea Pig Striatal Slices: Dopamine and Acetylcholine." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 39, no. 4 (1985): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jjp.39.529.

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Paek, Seung-Mann. "Synthesis of Tetrabenazine and Its Derivatives, Pursuing Efficiency and Selectivity." Molecules 25, no. 5 (2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051175.

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Tetrabenazine is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that exhibits a dopamine depleting effect and is used for the treatment of chorea in Huntington’s disease. Mechanistically, tetrabenazine binds and inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, which is responsible for importing neurotransmitters from the cytosol to the vesicles in neuronal cells. This transportation contributes to the release of neurotransmitters inside the cell to the synaptic cleft, resulting in dopaminergic signal transmission. The highly potent inhibitory activity of tetrabenazine has led to its adv

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Herian, Monika, Mateusz Skawski, Adam Wojtas, Małgorzata K. Sobocińska, Karolina Noworyta, and Krystyna Gołembiowska. "Tolerance to neurochemical and behavioral effects of the hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe." Psychopharmacology 238, no. 8 (2021): 2349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05860-5.

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Abstract Rationale 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) is a potent serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist with hallucinogenic activity. There is no data on the 25I-NBOMe effect on brain neurotransmission and animal performance after chronic administration. Objectives We examined the effect of a 7-day treatment with 25I-NBOMe (0.3 mg/kg/day) on neurotransmitters’ release and rats’ behavior in comparison to acute dose. Methods Changes in dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), and glutamate release were studied using microdialysis in freely moving rats.

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Müller, Thomas. "Safinamide in the treatment of Parkinson's disease." Neurodegenerative Disease Management 10, no. 4 (2020): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2020-0017.

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The deficiency pattern of neurotransmitters is heterogeneous in patients with Parkinson's disease. Consequence is an individual variable expression of motor and nonmotor features. They respond to agents with a broader spectrum of mode of actions, whereas dopamine substitution only targets impaired motor behavior. The pharmacological profile of safinamide includes reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibition and modulation of voltage-dependent sodium- and calcium channels with consecutive decline of glutamate release. Safinamide improves motor and nonmotor symptoms. Combination of safinamide with

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Francis, Paul T., and David M. Bowen. "Tacrine, a Drug with Therapeutic Potential for Dementia: Post-Mortem Biochemical Evidence." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 16, S4 (1989): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710002984x.

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ABSTRACT:A review of biochemical findings is presented which support the idea that Alzheimer's disease represents a condition for which tetrahydroaminoacridine (tacrine) may have a beneficial effect. There is evidence that clinical and histopathologic hallmarks of the disease relate to cholinergic and serotonergic dysfunction, with less obvious abnormalities in other neurotransmitters (aspartate, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamate, noradrenaline and somatostatin). Clincially relevant concentrations of tacrine may ameliorate the above presynaptic deficits without producing harmful (neurot

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Chaaya, Rony, and Diala El Khoury. "Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Disorder or a Fraud?" Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p100.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a psychiatric and behavioral disorder marked by chronic inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. This disorder is caused by many dysfunctions in the brain especially in the prefrontal cortex. To date, numerous studies have attempted to unravel the biological pathways behind ADHD. Many environmental risk factors have been identified including lead exposure and prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure. Specific mutations in genes affecting dopamine and norepinephrine release are also under investigation

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Ramrath, L., J. Levering, M. Conrad, A. Thuemen, H. Fuellgraf, and A. Moser. "Mathematical Identification of a Neuronal Network Consisting of GABA and DA in Striatal Slices of the Rat Brain." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 10, no. 4 (2009): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486700802616526.

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High frequency stimulation (HFS) has been used to treat various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although further disorders are under investigation to extend the clinical application of HFS, the complex effect of HFS within a neuronal network is still unknown. Thus, it would be desirable to find a theoretical model that allows an estimation of the expected effect of applied HFS. Based on the neurochemical analysis of effects of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)Areceptor antagonist bicuculline, the D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride and the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 on HFS evo

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Su, Tangfeng, and Lei Pei. "Acupuncture and oxytocinergic system: The promising treatment for autism." Translational Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2021-0011.

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Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments activities without efficient pharmacological therapies in social interaction, speech and stereotypic patterns. Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for autism. The effectiveness of acupuncture as an alternative treatment for autism has been demonstrated through clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these effects remain unclear. Due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, stress management effects, a

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Sander, Christin Y., Hanne D. Hansen, and Hsiao-Ying Wey. "Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 6 (2020): 1148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x20910038.

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Hybrid imaging using PET/MRI has emerged as a platform for elucidating novel neurobiology, molecular and functional changes in disease, and responses to physiological or pharmacological interventions. For the central nervous system, PET/MRI has provided insights into biochemical processes, linking selective molecular targets and distributed brain function. This review highlights several examples that leverage the strengths of simultaneous PET/MRI, which includes measuring the perturbation of multi-modal imaging signals on dynamic timescales during pharmacological challenges, physiological inte

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Milton, Sarah L., and Peter L. Lutz. "Low Extracellular Dopamine Levels Are Maintained in the Anoxic Turtle (Trachemys scripta) Striatum." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 18, no. 7 (1998): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199807000-00010.

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The uncontrolled increase of extracellular dopamine (DA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoxic/ischemic damage in the mammalian brain. But unlike the harmful release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and aspartate, which occurs on brain depolarization, excessive extracellular DA levels occur even with mild hypoxia in the mammalian brain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypoxia/anoxia provokes a similar increase in the anoxic tolerant turtle brain. Extracellular DA was measured in the striatum of the turtle using microdialysis followed by high-per

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Luo, Chengping, Huimin Fan, Shaojun Li, and Yuling Zou. "Therapeutic of Candesartan and Music Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy with Depression in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 26, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5570356.

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This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of candesartan combined with music therapy on diabetic retinopathy with depression and to assess the molecular mechanisms. Associated animal model of diabetes mellitus and depression was established in rats. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were detected by haematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect retinal cell apoptosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) in peripheral blood and neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine

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Salord, Francois, Hawa Keita, Jean-Baptiste Lecharny, Danielle Henzel, Jean-Marie Desmonts, and Jean Mantz. "Halothane and Isoflurane Differentially Affect the Regulation of Dopamine and Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Release Mediated by Presynaptic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Rat Striatum." Anesthesiology 86, no. 3 (1997): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199703000-00016.

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Background General anesthetics are thought to produce their hypnotic effects mainly by acting at ligand-gated ionic channels in the central nervous system (CNS). Although it is well established that volatile anesthetics significantly modify the activity of the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors of the neuromuscular junction, little is known about their actions on the acetylcholine receptors in the CNS. In this study, the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the regulation of dopamine (DA) (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) depolarization-evoked release mediated by nicotinic (muscarinic) presyna

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Dinan, Timothy G. "Studying brain receptor function: a neuroendocrine approach." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 1 (1993): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013173.

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AbstractA significant component of psychiatric practice relates to the management of patients with behavioural disturbance whose aetiology lies in the subtle alteration of brain biochemistry. The major handicap in assessing such patients, both from a clinical and a research point of view has been a lack of suitably sophisticated technology for studying brain function. Despite significant improvements in imaging technique and the development of positron emission tomography we are still lacking tools which assess brain receptor functioning. The neuroendocrine axis provides us with the means of a

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Kaur, Jaspreet, Manisha Bhatia, and Parminder Nain. "Antidepressant activity of Citrus limetta leaves in mice using battery of behavior models modulating via serotonergic systems." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 14, no. 4 (2019): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v14i4.42499.

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The methanolic extract of Citrus limetta leaves was estimated in the present study for antidepressant activity. This activity was evaluated by using the rat behavioral model i.e. forced swimming and tail suspension model for 14 days, with estimation of neurotransmitters in animals brain. The sedative effect was evaluated by actophotometer. The extract (200 mg/kg) administered orally showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in immobility time against the standard drug fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p), and imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) respectively but no significant reduction was found in the locomotor

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Wang, Mengmeng, King-Hwa Ling, Jun Tan, and Cheng-Biao Lu. "Development and Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron: From Bench to Bedside." Cells 9, no. 6 (2020): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061489.

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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. It is primarily due to substantial loss of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and to decreased innervation to the striatum. Although existing drug therapy available can relieve the symptoms in early-stage PD patients, it cannot reverse the pathogenic progression of PD. Thus, regenerating functional mDA neurons in PD patients may be a cure to the disease. The proof-of-principle clinical trials showed that human fetal graft-derived mDA neurons could restore the release of dopam

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FAN, SHIH-FANG, and STEPHEN YAZULLA. "Suppression of voltage-dependent K+ currents in retinal bipolar cells by ascorbate." Visual Neuroscience 16, no. 1 (1999): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899161091.

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Ascorbate, often used as an antioxidant in neural studies, may also serve as a neuromodulator in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), in that it modulates the synaptic actions of glutamate and dopamine. Retina of fish contain a high concentration of ascorbate. The release and/or uptake of neurotransmitters are related to membrane potential, which to a large extent is determined by the activity of K+ channels. As retinal bipolar cells are subject to synaptic input from glutamatergic and dopaminergic sources, the effects of ascorbate on voltage-dependent K+ currents (IK(V)) of the mixed

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Patel, Dev, Ishandeep Gandhi, Faisal Malek, Camille Olechowski, and Alan R. Hirsch. "131 A Marionettist Pulling My Strings: A Case of Buprenorphine-induced Chorea." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (2020): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000474.

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Abstract:Introduction:Choreaform movements provoked by opiates is an infrequent adverse event. Buprenorphine induction of chorea has not heretofore been described. Such a case is presented.METHOD:Case Study: A 38-year-old female presented with a decade long history of alcohol, cocaine, benzodiazepine, and heroin abuse. The patient was insufflating 1.5 grams of heroin daily. On presentation, she was actively withdrawing, scoring 17 on the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale. Urine toxicology screening was positive for opiates, cocaine, and cannabinoids. Buprenorphine 4 mg sublingual was initiated.

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Almeida, O. F. X., K. E. Nikolarakis, and A. Herz. "Neuropharmacological analysis of the control of LH secretion in gonadectomized male and female rats: altered hypothalamic responses to inhibitory neurotransmitters in long-term castrated rats." Journal of Endocrinology 119, no. 1 (1988): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1190015.

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ABSTRACT The control of LHRH and LH by neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as the endogenous opioid peptides is essentially the same in intact adult male and female rats: adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists stimulate LH release and opioid agonists inhibit it. Several weeks after gonadectomy, however, the contribution of the endogenous ligands of adrenergic, dopaminergic and opioidergic receptors to the control of LHRH is altered. A detailed pharmacological analysis in long-term ovariectomized females confirmed previous reports that adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists still enhance sec

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