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Journal articles on the topic 'Neutral lipid biosynthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Turkish, Aaron R., and Stephen L. Sturley. "The genetics of neutral lipid biosynthesis: an evolutionary perspective." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 1 (2009): E19—E27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90898.2008.

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The storage of fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the form of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and wax ester (WE) serves to provide reservoirs for membrane formation and maintenance, lipoprotein trafficking, lipid detoxification, evaporation barriers, and fuel in times of stress or nutrient deprivation. This ancient process likely originated in actinomycetes and has persisted in eukaryotes, albeit by different molecular mechanisms. A surfeit of neutral lipids is strongly, perhaps causally, related to several human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity,

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2

Chazenbalk, G. D., M. A. Pisarev, G. J. Juvenal, D. L. Kleiman de Pisarev, H. Mercuri, and M. De Tomás. "Biosynthesis and regulation of iodolipids in calf thyroid." Acta Endocrinologica 108, no. 1 (1985): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1080072.

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Abstract. The incorporation of 125I into iodolipids was investigated in calf thyroid slices. Time course studies showed that the iodination of lipid reaches a plateau after 30 min of incubation. A highly significant correlation was found between iodination of lipid and of protein (r = 0.906), suggesting that both reactions may be related. Addition of PTU or MMI caused a significant inhibition of lipid iodination, indicating that a peroxidase could be involved in this reaction. The iodinated lipids are not attached to protein, since they migrated in BEA chromatography and pancreatin digestion o

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3

Kuerschner, Lars, Christine Moessinger, and Christoph Thiele. "Imaging of Lipid Biosynthesis: How a Neutral Lipid Enters Lipid Droplets." Traffic 9, no. 3 (2008): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00689.x.

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4

Ali, Basharat, Anshu Chauhan, Mohit Kumar, et al. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Lipidomic Signatures in Rhizopus delemar." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 11 (2024): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10110760.

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Certain species of Mucorales have been identified as causative agents of mucormycosis, a rare yet often lethal fungal infection. Notably, these fungi exhibit intrinsic resistance to common azole drugs, which target lipids. Given the pivotal role of lipids in drug resistance and their contribution to innate resistance to azoles, this study provides a comprehensive overview of key lipid classes, including sphingolipids (SLs), glycerophospholipids (GPLs), and sterols, in Rhizopus delemar 99-880, a well-characterized reference strain among Mucorales. Using shotgun lipidomics as well as liquid- and

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Groeneveld, Henri, Léon van Tegelen, and Kees Versluis. "Cardenolide and Neutral Lipid Biosynthesis from Malonate inDigitalis lanata." Planta Medica 58, no. 03 (1992): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961444.

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6

Wagner, A., and G. Daum. "Formation and mobilization of neutral lipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331174.

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Since energy storage is a basic metabolic process, the synthesis of neutral lipids occurs in all kingdoms of life. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely accepted as a model eukaryotic cell, contains two classes of neutral lipids, namely STEs (steryl esters) and TAGs (triacylglycerols). TAGs are synthesized through two pathways governed by the acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dga1p and the phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p. STEs are formed by two STE synthases Are1p and Are2p, two enzymes with overlapping function, which also catalyse TAG formation, although to a min

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Nurhidayati, Tutik, Hery Purnobasuki, and Wirdatul Muslihatin. "ACC1 and ACC2 Genes Expression Microalgae Skletonema costatum On Stress Aeration And fotoperiode In Simultans." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, no. 1 (2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012013.

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Abstract Abiotic stresses such as photoperiod, aeration, CO2 concentration, pH, temperature, and salinity can affect and salinity the physiological processes of microalgae. One of the physiological processes that occur is a change in the lipid biosynthetic pathway towards the formation and accumulation of neutral lipids. Neutral lipid accumulation in the form of TAGs. TAGs as one of the defense mechanisms. The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis is initiated by the ACC1 and ACC2 genes. This study aims to determine the expression of ACC1 and ACC2 genes under conditions of aeration stress and

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Najine, Fouzia, Brahim Marzouk, and Abdelkader Cherif. "Effet du chlorure de sodium sur la composition lipidique de la feuille de colza (Brassica napus)." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 4 (1995): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-066.

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The effect of increasing NaCl concentrations up to 170 mM on the lipid composition of leaf membranes was studied on rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzg) in hydroponic culture for one month. At NaCl concentrations lower than 102 mM, the polar glycerolipid biosynthesis was stimulated. NaCl concentrations higher than 102 mM reduced the contents in total lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and phospholipids. In contrast, the neutral lipid contents increased with increasing NaCl concentration. An increase in NaCl induced a decrease in linolenic and hexadecatrie

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Fei, Weihua, Gabriel Alfaro, Baby-Periyanayaki Muthusamy, et al. "Genome-Wide Analysis of Sterol-Lipid Storage and Trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 2 (2007): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00386-07.

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ABSTRACT The pandemic of lipid-related disease necessitates a determination of how cholesterol and other lipids are transported and stored within cells. The first step in this determination is the identification of the genes involved in these transport and storage processes. Using genome-wide screens, we identified 56 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genes involved in sterol-lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and/or neutral-lipid storage. Direct biochemical and cytological examination of mutant cells revealed an unanticipated link between secretory protein glycosylation and triacyl

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10

Deeba, Farha, Vikas Pruthi, and Yuvraj S. Negi. "Aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation activates neutral lipid biosynthesis in oleaginous yeast." Bioresource Technology 255 (May 2018): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.096.

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11

Qin, Peng, ZhiYe Wang, DengXue Lu, et al. "Neutral Lipid Content in Lipid Droplets: Potential Biomarker of Cordycepin Accumulation in Cordycepin-Producing Fungi." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183363.

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To clarify the relationship between neutral lipid content and cordycepin accumulation in Cordyceps militaris, mutants were generated from mixed spores of two C. militaris strains with varying cordycepin-producing capacities. Fifteen stable mutants producing from 0.001 to 2.363 mg/mL cordycepin were finally selected. The relative fluorescence intensities of the 15 mutants, two C. militaris strains and an Aspergillus nidulans strain at different concentrations of lyophilized mycelium powder were then investigated using the Nile red method. The mutant CM1-1-1 with the highest relative fluorescenc

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Leyland, Ben, Sammy Boussiba, and Inna Khozin-Goldberg. "A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets." Biology 9, no. 2 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9020038.

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The dynamic nutrient availability and photon flux density of diatom habitats necessitate buffering capabilities in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This is accomplished by the biosynthesis and turnover of storage lipids, which are sequestered in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are an organelle conserved among eukaryotes, composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. LDs shield the intracellular environment from the accumulation of hydrophobic compounds and function as a carbon and electron sink. These functions are implemented by interconnections with other intracel

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Galván, Virginia, Federico Pascutti, Natalia E. Sandoval, et al. "High wax ester and triacylglycerol biosynthesis potential in coastal sediments of Antarctic and Subantarctic environments." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0288509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288509.

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The wax ester (WE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic potential of marine microorganisms is poorly understood at the microbial community level. The goal of this work was to uncover the prevalence and diversity of bacteria with the potential to synthesize these neutral lipids in coastal sediments of two high latitude environments, and to characterize the gene clusters related to this process. Homolog sequences of the key enzyme, the wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) were retrieved from 13 metagenomes, including subtidal and intertidal sediments of a Subant

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Huynh, Thao N., Matthew C. Havrda, George J. Zanazzi, Catherine C. Y. Chang, and Ta Yuan Chang. "Inhibiting the Cholesterol Storage Enzyme ACAT1/SOAT1 in Myelin Debris-Treated Microglial Cell Lines Activates the Gene Expression of Cholesterol Efflux Transporter ABCA1." Biomolecules 14, no. 10 (2024): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14101301.

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Aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the aged brain, myelin debris accumulates and is cleared by microglia. Phagocytosed myelin debris increases neutral lipid droplet content in microglia. Neutral lipids include cholesteryl esters (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG). To examine the effects of myelin debris on neutral lipid content in microglia, we added myelin debris to human HMC3 and mouse N9 cells. The results obtained when using 3H-oleate as a precursor in intact cells reveal that myelin debris significantly increases the biosynthesis of CE but not TAG. Mass analyses h

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Manilla-Pérez, Efraín, Alvin Brian Lange, Stephan Hetzler, Marc Wältermann, Rainer Kalscheuer, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of the Marine Bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Defective in Lipid Biosynthesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (2010): 2884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02832-09.

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ABSTRACT In many microorganisms, the key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step in triacylglycerol (TAG) and wax ester (WE) biosynthesis is an unspecific acyltransferase which is also referred to as wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT; AtfA). The importance and function of two AtfA homologues (AtfA1 and AtfA2) in the biosynthesis of TAGs and WEs in the hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 have been described recently. However, after the disruption of both the AtfA1 and AtfA2 genes, reduced but substantial

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Zhu, Kaikai, Lu Wei, Hammad Hussain, et al. "Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Metabolomic Variations and Key Transcription Factors Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis During Seed Development in Carya illinoinensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 21 (2024): 11571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111571.

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Plant oils are a large group of neutral lipids that play a vital role in the food and oleochemical industries. The pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a promising woody oil crop known for its high-quality sources of essential fatty acids and various bioactive compounds that may aid in preventing heart diseases. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the accumulation of lipids and the molecular mechanism of lipid biosynthesis during seed development. This study aims to analyze the metabolite variations and molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis by integrating untargeted metabo

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de Oliveira Magalhães, Larissa, Fabio Nunes de Mello, and Flavia Vischi Winck. "Characterization of the Nuclear Proteome of Chlamydomonas in Response to Salt Stress." Phycology 2, no. 3 (2022): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology2030015.

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Microalgae biomass is considered a promising alternative feedstock for biodiesel production due to its high productivity of neutral lipids, especially under abiotic stress conditions. Among the unicellular microalgae that show this characteristic, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii appears as one of the most important model species with increased lipid production under abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we show that C. reinhardtii cells cultivated under mixotrophic condition supplemented with 0.1 M of NaCl rapidly raise their intracellular amount of neutral lipids without a reduction in their ce

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Zulu, Nodumo Nokulunga, Jennifer Popko, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz, Pablo Tarazona, Cornelia Herrfurth, and Ivo Feussner. "Heterologous co-expression of a yeast diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ScDGA1) and a plant oleosin (AtOLEO3) as an efficient tool for enhancing triacylglycerol accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Biotechnology for Biofuels 10, no. 1 (2017): 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0874-1.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Microalgae are promising alternate and renewable sources for producing valuable products such as biofuel and essential fatty acids. Although this is the case, there are still challenges impeding on the effective commercial production of microalgal products. For instance, their product yield is still too low. Therefore, this study was oriented towards enhancing triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> (strain Pt4). To achieve this, a type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase from yeast (<i>ScDGA1</i>) and the lipid dropl

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19

Body, Denis R., and Tom Bauchop. "Lipid composition of an obligately anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis isolated from a bovine rumen." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 5 (1985): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-086.

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The lipid composition of an obligately anaerobic bovine rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis, belonging to the Neo-callimasticaceae of the Chytridiomycetes, has been investigated. It consisted of 44% neutral lipids (triacylglycerol, fatty acid, and sterols) and 56% polar lipids. The fatty acid composition of this unusual fungus differed markedly from that of other members of Chytridiomycetes by the absence of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids and by the presence of a large proportion (48%) of a series of cis-monoenoic fatty acids between 14:1 and 24:1. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acid

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Zienkiewicz, Krzysztof, Zhi-Yan Du, Wei Ma, Katharina Vollheyde, and Christoph Benning. "Stress-induced neutral lipid biosynthesis in microalgae — Molecular, cellular and physiological insights." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1861, no. 9 (2016): 1269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.008.

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21

FERREIRA, Thierry, Matthieu RÉGNACQ, Parissa ALIMARDANI, Carole MOREAU-VAUZELLE, and Thierry BERGÈS. "Lipid dynamics in yeast under haem-induced unsaturated fatty acid and/or sterol depletion." Biochemical Journal 378, no. 3 (2004): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031064.

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In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, UFA (unsaturated fatty acids) and ergosterol syntheses are aerobic processes that require haem. We took advantage of a strain affected in haem synthesis (hem1Δ) to starve specifically for one or the other of these essential lipids in order to examine the consequences on the overall lipid composition. Our results demonstrate that reserve lipids (i.e. triacylglycerols and steryl esters) are depleted independently of haem availability and that their UFA and sterol content is not crucial to sustain residual growth under lipid depletion. In parallel to UFA sta

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Kwon, Eun-Bin, Myung-Ji Kang, Soo-Yeon Kim, et al. "Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Suppresses Oleic Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation through an Activation of LKB1/AMPK Pathway in HepG2 Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3140267.

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Zanthoxylum ailanthoides (ZA) has been used as folk medicines in East Asian and recently reported to have several bioactivity; however, the studies of ZA on the regulation of triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis have not been elucidated yet. In this study, we examined whether the methanol extract of ZA (ZA-M) could reduce oleic acid- (OA-) induced intracellular lipid accumulation and confirmed its mode of action in HepG2 cells. ZA-M was shown to promote the phosphorylation of AMPK and its upstream LKB1, followed by reduction of lipogenic gene expressions. As a result, treatment of ZA-M blocked de

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Taiwo, Ajao Ebenezer, Opeoluwa Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, Sandra Oparah, Irene Sagay, and Tolulope Bolarinwa. "Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Lipid Droplets in Cancer." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 2 (2024): 1115–20. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.2.1115-1120.

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Lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as pivotal organelles in cancer biology, influencing cell proliferation, survival, and metabolic reprogramming. This review explores the multifaceted roles of LDs in cancer, encompassing their structure, function, and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. LDs serve as reservoirs for neutral lipids and bioactive molecules, supporting cancer cell energetics, membrane biosynthesis, and signaling pathways crucial for tumor progression. Evidence linking LD accumulation to aggressive tumor phenotypes underscores their clinical relevance as diagnostic and p

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Guenther, John C., Heather E. Hallen-Adams, Heike Bücking, Yair Shachar-Hill, and Frances Trail. "Triacylglyceride Metabolism by Fusarium graminearum During Colonization and Sexual Development on Wheat." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 12 (2009): 1492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-12-1492.

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Fusarium graminearum, a devastating pathogen of small grains, overwinters on crop residues and produces ephemeral perithecia. Accumulation of lipids in overwintering hyphae would provide reserves for overwinter survival and perithecium development. Fatty acid composition of cultures during perithecium development indicated a drop in neutral lipid levels during development but little change in fatty acid composition across stages. Microscopic examination of cultures early in sexual development revealed hyphal cells engorged with lipid bodies. In comparison, vegetative hyphae contained few lipid

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Arabolaza, Ana, Eduardo Rodriguez, Silvia Altabe, Hector Alvarez, and Hugo Gramajo. "Multiple Pathways for Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (2008): 2573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02638-07.

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ABSTRACT The terminal reaction in triacylglyceride (TAG) biosynthesis is the esterification of diacylglycerol (DAG) with a fatty acid molecule. To study this reaction in Streptomyces coelicolor, we analyzed three candidate genes (sco0958, sco1280, and sco0123) whose products significantly resemble the recently identified wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A (CoA):DAG acyltransferase (DGAT) from Acinetobacter baylyi. The deletion of either sco0123 or sco1280 resulted in no detectable decrease in TAG accumulation. In contrast, the deletion of sco0958 produced a dramatic reduction in neutral lipid

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26

Kalscheuer, Rainer, Tim Stöveken, Heinrich Luftmann, Ursula Malkus, Rudolf Reichelt, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Neutral Lipid Biosynthesis in Engineered Escherichia coli: Jojoba Oil-Like Wax Esters and Fatty Acid Butyl Esters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (2006): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1373-1379.2006.

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ABSTRACT Wax esters are esters of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols which are of considerable commercial importance and are produced on a scale of 3 million tons per year. The oil from the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis) is the main biological source of wax esters. Although it has a multitude of potential applications, the use of jojoba oil is restricted, due to its high price. In this study, we describe the establishment of heterologous wax ester biosynthesis in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain by coexpression of a fatty alcohol-producing bifunctional acyl-coenzyme

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Ahmad, Fasih, and Kumar D. Mukherjee. "Biosynthesis of Lipids Containing Isoricinoleic (9-Hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic) Acid in Seeds of Wrightia Species." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 7-8 (1988): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-7-805.

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Seeds of two Wrightia species, i.e. W. tinctoria and W. coccinea, synthesize triacylglycerols containing isoricinoleoyl (9-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoyl, 9-OH-Δ1218:1) moieties as the major lipid constituents. Seed maturation is accompanied by lipid accumulation and steep increase in the level of 9-OH-Δ1218:1 in the total lipids, while relative proportions of palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1), and linoleic (18:2) acids decrease. 9-Hydroxy stearic acid (9-OH-18:0) is also detected in these seed lipids, and both 9-OH-Δ1218:1 and 9-OH-18:0 occur exclusively in the neutral lipids of mature and developin

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Kuentzel, Katharina B., Ivan Bradić, Alena Akhmetshina, et al. "Defective Lysosomal Lipolysis Causes Prenatal Lipid Accumulation and Exacerbates Immediately after Birth." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910416.

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Cholesterol and fatty acids are essential lipids that are critical for membrane biosynthesis and fetal organ development. Cholesteryl esters (CE) are degraded by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the cytosol and by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in the lysosome. Impaired LAL or HSL activity causes rare pathologies in humans, with HSL deficiency presenting less severe clinical manifestations. The infantile form of LAL deficiency, a lysosomal lipid storage disorder, leads to premature death. However, the importance of defective lysosomal CE degradation and its consequences during early life are inc

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Jeong, Seok Won, Kwon HwangBo, Jong Min Lim, et al. "Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (2020): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081195.

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In microalgae, photosynthesis provides energy and sugar phosphates for the biosynthesis of storage and structural carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous proteins. The oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis salina does not preferentially partition photoassimilates among cellulose, chrysolaminarin, and lipids in response to nitrogenous nutrient deprivation. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic impairment of the cellulose synthase gene (CesA) expression would lead to protein accumulation without the accumulation of storage C polymers in N. salina. Three cesA mutants were generated by th

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Oresti, Gerardo M., Jesús García-López, Marta I. Aveldaño, and Jesús del Mazo. "Cell-type-specific regulation of genes involved in testicular lipid metabolism: fatty acid-binding proteins, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, and perilipin 2." REPRODUCTION 146, no. 5 (2013): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0199.

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Male germ cell differentiation entails the synthesis and remodeling of membrane polar lipids and the formation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). This requires fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) for intracellular fatty acid traffic, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) to catalyze the final step of TAG biosynthesis, and a TAG storage mode. We examined the expression of genes encoding five members of the FABP family and two DGAT proteins, as well as the lipid droplet protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2), during mouse testis development and in specific cells from seminiferous epithelium.Fabp5expression was

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Cagliari, Alexandro, Rogerio Margis, Felipe Dos Santos Maraschin, Andreia Carina Turchetto-Zolet, Guilherme Loss, and Marcia Margis-Pinheiro. "Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols (TAGs) in plants and algae." International Journal of Plant Biology 2, no. 1 (2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pb.2011.e10.

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Triacylglycerols (TAGs), which consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone, are major storage lipids that accumulate in developing seeds, flower petals, pollen grains, and fruits of innumerous plant species. These storage lipids are of great nutritional and nutraceutical value and, thus, are a common source of edible oils for human consumption and industrial purposes. Two metabolic pathways for the production of TAGs have been clarified: an acyl¬ CoA-dependent pathway and an acyl-CoA-independent pathway. Lipid metabolism, specially the pathways to fatty acids and TAG biosynthesis

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Kok, J. W., T. Babia, K. Klappe, and D. Hoekstra. "Fluorescent, short-chain C6-NBD-sphingomyelin, but not C6-NBD-glucosylceramide, is subject to extensive degradation in the plasma membrane: implications for signal transduction related to cell differentiation." Biochemical Journal 309, no. 3 (1995): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3090905.

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The involvement of the plasma membrane in the metabolism of the sphingolipids sphingomyelin (SM) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) was studied, employing fluorescent short-chain analogues of these lipids, 6-[N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]hexanoylsphingosylphosphorylcholine (C6-NBD-SM), C6-NBD-GlcCer and their common biosynthetic precursor C6-NBD-ceramide (C6-NBD-Cer). Although these fluorescent short-chain analogues are metabolically active, some caution is to be taken in view of potential changes in biophysical/biochemical properties of the lipid compared with its natural counterpart

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Nanjundan, Meera, and Fred Possmayer. "Pulmonary phosphatidic acid phosphatase and lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284, no. 1 (2003): L1—L23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00029.2002.

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The lung contains two distinct forms of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP). PAP1 is a cytosolic enzyme that is activated through fatty acid-induced translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it converts phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG) for the biosynthesis of phospholipids and neutral lipids. PAP1 is Mg2+ dependent and sulfhydryl reagent sensitive. PAP2 is a six-transmembrane-domain integral protein localized to the plasma membrane. Because PAP2 degrades sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate in addition to PA and lyso-PA, it has been renamed lipid phospha

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Fakankun, Irene, Brian Fristensky, and David B. Levin. "Genome Sequence Analysis of the Oleaginous Yeast, Rhodotorula diobovata, and Comparison of the Carotenogenic and Oleaginous Pathway Genes and Gene Products with Other Oleaginous Yeasts." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4 (2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7040320.

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Rhodotorula diobovata is an oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast, useful for diverse biotechnological applications. To understand the molecular basis of its potential applications, the genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent platforms, assembled by AbySS, and annotated using the JGI annotation pipeline. The genome size, 21.1 MB, was similar to that of the biotechnological “workhorse”, R. toruloides. Comparative analyses of the R. diobovata genome sequence with those of other Rhodotorula species, Yarrowia lipolytica, Phaffia rhodozyma, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Sporidiobolus s

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Athenstaedt, Karin, Dagmar Zweytick, Anita Jandrositz, Sepp Dieter Kohlwein, and Günther Daum. "Identification and Characterization of Major Lipid Particle Proteins of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 20 (1999): 6441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.20.6441-6448.1999.

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ABSTRACT Lipid particles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaewere isolated at high purity, and their proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Major lipid particle proteins were identified by mass spectrometric analysis, and the corresponding open reading frames (ORFs) were deduced. In silicio analysis revealed that all lipid particle proteins contain several hydrophobic domains but none or only few (hypothetical) transmembrane spanning regions. All lipid particle proteins identified by function so far, such as Erg1p, Erg6p, and Erg7p (ergosterol bi

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Kimura, Hana, Kohei Arasaki, Moe Iitsuka, and Mitsuo Tagaya. "Syntaxin 17 Recruits ACSL3 to Lipid Microdomains in Lipid Droplet Biogenesis." Contact 2 (January 2019): 251525641983871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515256419838719.

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During lipid droplet (LD) formation, several key enzymes for neutral lipid biosynthesis, such as acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3), translocate from the bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or mitochondria-associated membrane to the monolayer surface of LDs. It has been recently shown that syntaxin 17 (Stx17) in cooperation with synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP23) facilitates the translocation of ACSL3 from the endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondria-associated membrane to LDs. In this study, we investigated whether lipid microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids ar

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Levitskiy, А. P., Yu A. Levitskiy, I. A. Selivanska, А. P. Lapinska та V. V. Velichko. "HIGH OLEIC SUNFLOWER OIL DECREASES ENDOGENOUS BIOSYNTHESIS OF ENERGY FATTY ACIDS AND INCREASES ENDOGENOUS BIOSYNTHESIS OF ω-3 LONG-CHAIN PUFA". Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 22, № 4 (2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v22i4.2574.

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The work shows that Fatty acids of dietary fats provide two main functions in the human and animal body: energy and structural-regulatory, Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are the basis of membrane lipids of all cells of the body The structure and functional activity of cells, their resistance to pathogenic factors depends on the ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA. Аdherence to recommended metabolic energy reserves in poultry feed is essential to optimize feed costs. The use of oils or fats is a common economic practice in modern poultry production. Energy functions are carried out due to the oxidation

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Vaz, Frédéric M., John H. McDermott, Mariëlle Alders, et al. "Mutations in PCYT2 disrupt etherlipid biosynthesis and cause a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia." Brain 142, no. 11 (2019): 3382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz291.

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Abstract CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ET), encoded by PCYT2, is the rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Phosphatidylethanolamine is one of the most abundant membrane lipids and is particularly enriched in the brain. We identified five individuals with biallelic PCYT2 variants clinically characterized by global developmental delay with regression, spastic para- or tetraparesis, epilepsy and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Using patient fibroblasts we demonstrated that these variants are hypomorphic, result i

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Kaddor, Chlud, Karolin Biermann, Rainer Kalscheuer, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Analysis of neutral lipid biosynthesis in Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 and characterization of an acyltransferase involved herein." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 84, no. 1 (2009): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2018-4.

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LARVOR, Marie-Pierre, Rachel CERDAN, Catherine GUMILA, et al. "Characterization of the lipid-binding domain of the Plasmodium falciparum CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase through synthetic-peptide studies." Biochemical Journal 375, no. 3 (2003): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031011.

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Phospholipid biosynthesis plays a key role in malarial infection and is regulated by CCT (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase). This enzyme belongs to the group of amphitropic proteins which are regulated by reversible membrane interaction. To assess the role of the putative membrane-binding domain of Plasmodium falciparum CCT (PfCCT), we synthesized three peptides, K21, V20 and K54 corresponding to residues 274–294, 308–327 and 274–327 of PfCCT respectively. Conformational behaviour of the peptides, their ability to bind to liposomes and to destabilize lipid bilayers, and their insertion

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Trinchera, M., R. Ghidoni, S. Sonnino, and G. Tettamanti. "Recycling of glucosylceramide and sphingosine for the biosynthesis of gangliosides and sphingomyelin in rat liver." Biochemical Journal 270, no. 3 (1990): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2700815.

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It was previously shown that sphingomyelin and gangliosides can be biosynthesized starting from sphingosine or sphingosine-containing fragments which originated in the course of GM1 ganglioside catabolism. In the present paper we investigated which fragments were specifically re-used for sphingomyelin and ganglioside biosynthesis in rat liver. At 30 h after intravenous injection of GM1 labelled at the level of the fatty acid ([stearoyl-14C]GM1) or of the sphingosine ([Sph-3H]) moiety, it was observed that radioactive sphingomyelin was formed almost exclusively after the sphingosine-labelled-GM

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Paton, Chad M., and James M. Ntambi. "Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity leads to free cholesterol synthesis through increased Xbp-1 splicing." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 299, no. 6 (2010): E1066—E1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00388.2010.

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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which are required for efficient neutral lipid esterification. In the present investigation, we demonstrate that loss of SCD-1 activity increases free cholesterol (FC) content and induces Xbp-1 splicing. We assessed the small molecule SCD-1 inhibitor A939572 on [14C]stearate incorporation into neutral lipids and found its incorporation into triglyceride was unaffected, whereas labeled cholesteryl ester (CE) content was notably diminished. Using either A939572 or liver knocko

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Wu, Gengshu, Chieko Aoyama, Stephen G. Young та Dennis E. Vance. "Early Embryonic Lethality Caused by Disruption of the Gene for Choline Kinase α, the First Enzyme in Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis". Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, № 3 (2007): 1456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m708766200.

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Choline kinase α (CK-α) is one of two mammalian enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of choline to phosphocholine in the biosynthesis of the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine. We created mice lacking CK-α with an embryonic stem cell line containing an insertional mutation in the gene for CK-α (Chka). Embryos homozygous for the mutant Chka allele were recovered at the blastocyst stage, but not at embryonic day 7.5, indicating that CK-α is crucial for the early development of mouse embryos. Heterozygous mutant mice (Chka+/-) appeared entirely normal in their embryonic develop

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MEDINA, J. M., J. C. F. RODRIGUES, W. DE SOUZA, G. C. ATELLA, and H. BARRABIN. "Tomatidine promotes the inhibition of 24-alkylated sterol biosynthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (2012): 1253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000522.

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SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a set of clinically distinct infectious diseases caused by Leishmania, a genus of flagellated protozoan parasites, that affects ∼12 million people worldwide, with ∼2 million new infections annually. Plants are known to produce substances to defend themselves against pathogens and predators. In the genus Lycopersicon, which includes the tomato, L. esculentum, the main antimicrobial compound is the steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine. The loss of the saccharide side-chain of tomatine yields the aglycone tomatidine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of tomat

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Giudetti, Anna M., Monica Leo, Math J. H. Geelen, and Gabriele V. Gnoni. "Short-Term Stimulation of Lipogenesis by 3,5-l-Diiodothyronine in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes." Endocrinology 146, no. 9 (2005): 3959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0345.

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Abstract Short-term effects of 3,5-l-diiodothyronine (T2) on lipid biosynthesis were studied in cultured hepatocytes from hypothyroid rats. A comparison with the effects of T3 was routinely carried out. After T2 addition to cell cultures, a distinct stimulation of fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses, measured as incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into these lipid fractions, was observed. The T2 dose-dependent effect on both metabolic pathways, already detectable at 10−8-10−9m, reached a 2-fold stimulation at 10−5m T2. At this concentration, the stimulatory effect was evident within 1 h of T2 add

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Karagiota, Angeliki, Georgia Chachami, and Efrosyni Paraskeva. "Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: The Role of Acylglycerolphosphate Acyltransferases (AGPATs)." Cancers 14, no. 1 (2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010228.

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Altered lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of aggressive tumors, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells reprogram fatty acid (FA) uptake, synthesis, storage, and usage to meet their increased energy demands. Central to these adaptive changes, is the conversion of excess FA to neutral triacylglycerides (TAG) and their storage in lipid droplets (LDs). Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), also known as lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), are a family of five enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), the second step

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Larrazabal, Camilo, Sara López-Osorio, Zahady D. Velásquez, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, and Liliana M. R. Silva. "Thiosemicarbazone Copper Chelator BLT-1 Blocks Apicomplexan Parasite Replication by Selective Inhibition of Scavenger Receptor B Type 1 (SR-BI)." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112372.

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Coccidian parasites are obligate intracellular pathogens that affect humans and animals. Apicomplexans are defective in de novo synthesis of cholesterol, which is required for membrane biosynthesis and offspring formation. In consequence, cholesterol has to be scavenged from host cells. It is mainly taken up from extracellular sources via LDL particles; however, little is known on the role of HDL and its receptor SR-BI in this process. Here, we studied effects of the SR-BI-specific blocker BLT-1 on the development of different fast (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Besnoitia besnoiti) and

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Kim, Woo Jae, Ross A. Okimoto, Louise E. Purton, et al. "Mutations in the neutral sphingomyelinase gene SMPD3 implicate the ceramide pathway in human leukemias." Blood 111, no. 9 (2008): 4716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-10-113068.

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Abstract Ceramide is a lipid second messenger derived from the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases (SMases) and implicated in diverse cellular responses, including growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Defects in the neutral SMase (nSMase) gene Smpd3, the primary regulator of ceramide biosynthesis, are responsible for developmental defects of bone; regulation of ceramide levels have been implicated in macrophage differentiation, but this pathway has not been directly implicated in human cancer. In a genomic screen for gene copy losses contributing to tumorigenesis in a mo

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Wang, Wenyu, Yiyi Huang, Huancai Lin, and Yina Cao. "Role of opuB in Modulating Membrane Vesicle Composition and Function in Streptococcus mutans Under Neutral and Acidic Conditions." Microorganisms 13, no. 4 (2025): 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040884.

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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in dental caries through acid production and biofilm formation. The membrane vesicles (MVs) of S. mutans are essential for microbial physiology, biofilm activity, and acid adaptation. The OpuB transporter regulates osmotic pressure in Bacillus subtilis; however, its role in S. mutans and its MVs remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of the opuB pathway on MV biogenesis, as well as the proteomic and lipidomic profiles under neutral (pH 7.5) and acidic (pH 5.5) conditions. Nanoflow cytometry showed that the opuB-deficient

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Niu, Ying-Fang, Meng-Han Zhang, Da-Wei Li, et al. "Improvement of Neutral Lipid and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis by Overexpressing a Type 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase in Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Marine Drugs 11, no. 11 (2013): 4558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11114558.

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