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Journal articles on the topic 'Neutral-point-clamped Inverter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Saha, Akshay Kumar. "Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell with Multi-Pulse Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 49 (June 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.49.54.

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Application of multi-pulse multilevel inverters is considered in this paper for distributed generation. A five-level twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter has been combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in order to investigate load following characteristics of the fuel cell. The fuel cell implemented with a three-phase multi-pulse multilevel inverter is adept of delivering single-phase and three-phase loads both in islanded and grid-connected approach. Changes in power demand from no-load to full-load (120 kW) have been applied to study the characteristics of the system from the perspective of how it can follow the load changes in load demand. It has been observed that the fuel cell model is adept of following power request as per requirement; however, there is a response time of few seconds, because the reformer for the fuel cell requires time to generate fuel and the fuel cell requires time for chemical reactions to take place in it. Implementations of six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped and flying capacitor inverters show that total harmonic distortions for six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped inverters to be 1.066219% and 0.406149% respectively as compared to 2.466889% and 1.5104075% for flying capacitor inverters. It has been observed that with twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter, the output voltage waveform is smoother and close to sinewave. The results of the research work is presented with analyses to validate that multi-pulse multilevel neutral point clamped inverter is a better way out for the fuel cell power generation model as this type of inverters produces smoother waveforms to improve power quality with lower harmonics.

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2

Aravindan, M., V. Balaji, V. Saravanan, and M. Arumugam. "Neutral point clamped quasi Z source inverter for photovoltaic systems." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i3.pp277-286.

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<p>Multilevel inverters are becoming popular for power conversion in renewable energy systems, AC-DC hybrid micro grids etc. The voltage stress and inrush current through these inverter leg switches are quite higher as compared to the load ratings which increase the chances of inverter leg switch failure. A three level neutral point clamped quasi Z source inverter topology is discussed in this paper which has the features of lower component count, reduced capacitor voltage stress, and it can be operated at different control strategies to achieve wide range of voltage boosting ability, suited for photovoltaic (PV) systems. It also ensures continuous input current irrespective of the DC supply voltage variations and injects stable and smooth power to the load/grid. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is verified by simulation results in MATLAB Simulink model as well as performing experiment with the help of a laboratory prototype.</p>

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3

Kwak, Sangshin. "Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Based PDP Driver." Journal of Display Technology 9, no. 12 (December 2013): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jdt.2013.2274096.

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4

Edwin Deepak, F. X., and V. Rajasekaran. "Three phase z-source neutral point clamped inverter with multicarrier PWM technique." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 1575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2016-0131.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the three phase seven-level Z-source neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter with multicarrier pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. Despite numerous topologies and modulation methods, there is a dire need of developing PWM techniques that can be deployed in multilevel inverters. These inverters decrease the total harmonic distortion and it has a good performance for various electrical power system applications. The proposed inverter is investigated for its performance by executing it in shoot through and non-shoot through modes. Design/methodology/approach The purpose is validated through MATLAB/Simulink software platform for implementing the proposed seven-level Z-source NPC inverter outlined with multicarrier based phase disposition technique. The experimental results are verified using SPARTAN 3E FPGA controller with the same control strategy. Findings The efficiency of the proposed inverter is confirmed in terms of increased and faster conversion in the shoot-through mode. By using PDPWM technique the maximum boost gain is achieved with lower modulation index. High control of DC voltage is obtained with only one DC voltage source and one Z network. Originality/value Three phase multilevel inverters are widely used in improving the output voltage quality and reducing the encountered electromagnetic interference in electronic device or circuitry. They are employed in medium and high –power applications to attain increased power ratings while decreasing the switching losses. The performance results shown in this paper will satisfy the above needs of usage in certain applications and less switching losses.

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5

Szular, Zbigniew, Bartosz Rozegnal, and Witold Mazgaj. "A New Soft-Switching Solution in Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source Inverters." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082247.

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This paper presents a new soft-switching solution recommended for three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters. The operation principles of the proposed solution, working stages, selection of elements, and the control algorithm are comprehensively discussed herein. The control method of the inverter main switches is the same as that of the switches of an inverter operating according to the hard-switching technique. The correctness of the proposed solution was confirmed by the results of different tests using a laboratory neutral-point-clamped inverter with rated parameters of 3 kW, 2 × 150 V, 12 A, and 3 kHz. Numerical analyses were performed for the inverter of rated power 1.2 MW. The switching losses of the inverter operating with the proposed solution were compared with those of an inverter with hard-switching method. The proposed soft-switching solution increased the inverter efficiency and its competitiveness in relation to other proposals because there were no connections between switches and capacitors or inductors, which pose a risk of damaging the inverter when disturbances in the control system appear.

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6

Elmenofy, Ghada, Dina Osheba, Elwy Elkholy, and Abbas El-Hefnawy. "A Proposed Five-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2021.58129.1072.

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7

Loh, Poh Chiang, Feng Gao, Frede Blaabjerg, Shi Yun Charmaine Feng, and Kong Ngai Jamies Soon. "Pulsewidth-Modulated $Z$-Source Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 43, no. 5 (2007): 1295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2007.904422.

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8

He, Yuyao, Hailong Liu, Wei Feng, and Jie Li. "Novel Cascaded Z-Source Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." Chinese Journal of Electronics 25, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cje.2016.08.045.

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9

Baimel, Dmitry, and Saad Tapuchi. "A New Topology of Five-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for Motion Control Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.336.

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The paper presents a new topology of 5-level neutral point clamped inverter that can be used for speed and torque control of synchronous and induction motors. The proposed topology has only two bi-directional and four standard IGBT switches per phase. The significant advantages of the proposed inverter are simpler control and lower number of switches than in the standard 5-level inverters. Extensive simulation results validate the practicability of the proposed inverter. Several aspects as Total Harmonic Distortion Factor of the inverter output currents, and voltages, harmonic content, and frequency spectrum distribution are studied.

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10

Andrade, Abinadabe, and Edison Silva. "Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Fed By A Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading." Eletrônica de Potência 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2016.4.2637.

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11

Wang, Kui, Zedong Zheng, Yongdong Li, Kean Liu, and Jing Shang. "Neutral-Point Potential Balancing of a Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 5 (May 2013): 1907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2227898.

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12

Es-saadi, Mouna, Hamid Chaikhy, and Mohamed Khafallah. "Implementation and Investigation of an Advanced Induction Machine Field-Oriented Control Strategy Using a New Generation of Inverters Based on dSPACE Hardware." Applied System Innovation 5, no. 6 (October 25, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5060106.

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Widely used in industrial applications, the induction machine is the subject of many researches. Many are aimed at developing its performances, such torque ripples, current distortions or even rotor speed response, by using different control strategies or even replacing two level inverters in a field oriented control strategy with a new generation of inverters. This paper presents an advanced asynchronous machine field-oriented control strategy with a three level neutral point clamped inverter. The attractive performances of the field oriented control strategy using a three level neutral point clamped inverter are experimentally tested. Both conventional and new field-oriented control strategies are implemented in a dSPACE board induction machine. To highlight the advantages of the new control strategy, conventional and improved strategies are studied in open loop and closed loop conditions using integral proportional and proportional integral controllers, in term of current distortions, torque and speed response.

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13

Liu, Yan, Xu Wang, and Yan Xing. "Research on SVPWM Method and its Neutral Point Potential Control." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.39.

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Neutral-point potential unbalance is an inherent problem of Neutral-point-clamped three-level PWM rectifiers. If the problem of neutral point can’t be controlled appropriately, the harm of input current will increase, and even the dc-link capacitor and switches will be destroyed. Thus domestic and foreign experts have done lots of research on the balance control of Neutral-point-clamed and put forward many effective control methods. This paper proposes a novel SVPWM strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter, based on the particular disposition of all the redundant voltage vectors. The new modulation approach shows superior performance for the harmonic voltage and the control of neutral-point potential compared to the popular eight-stage centered SVPWM and realizes the balancing control of inverter neutral-point potential by modifying redundant small vectors pairs’ distribution factor accurately, only requiring the information of dc-link capacitor voltages and three-phase load currents, which is convenient to apply and is compatible of digital computer realization. The feasibility of the proposed control approach has been verified via simulation and experiment results. In the strategy of software control, domestic and foreign scholars propose numerous neutral point potential control schemes. When carrier modulation is used, the balance control is achieved by injecting zero-sequence component into the three-phase modulated wave. When space vector modulation methods are adopted, they can be divided into three categories: passive control, hysteresis control and active control. there is also a new algorithm based on the intrinsic relationship between SVPWMs for two—level inverters and three．1evel inverters．a novel SVPWM control algorithm is proposed for three．1evel．The dwell time of voltage vector for three-level inverter can be acquired from counterpart for two-level inverter by using a linear transformation．Aiming to analysis the output PWM sequence of three-level inverter, a novel classification standard of voltage vector is proposed．Based on evaluating the PWM sequences, a novel PWM sequence is given，that can reduce the total harmonics distortion of inverter output.

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14

Tanaka, Shigeru, Kazutoshi Miura, Tetuo Watanabe, Susumu Tadakuma, and Haruo Ikeda. "Consideration on PWM Control for Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 112, no. 6 (1992): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.112.553.

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15

Xiaoming Yuan, G. Orglmeister, and I. Barbi. "ARCPI resonant snubber for the neutral-point-clamped inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36, no. 2 (2000): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.833777.

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16

Chao, Kuei-Hsiang, and Chen-Hou Ke. "Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Three-Level Neutral-Point Clamped Inverters in Motor Drives." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236302.

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This paper presents an extension theory-based assessment method to perform fault diagnosis for inverters in motor driving systems. First, a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter is created using the PSIM software package to simulate faults for any power transistor in the NPC-type inverter. Fast Fourier transformation is used to transform the line current signals in the time domain into a spectrum in the frequency domain for analysis of the corresponding spectrum of features of the inverter for faults with different power transistors. Then, the relationships between fault types and specific spectra are established as characteristics for the extension assessment method, which is then used to create a smart fault diagnosis system for inverters. Fault-tolerant control (FTC) is used here when the rated output of a faulty inverter is decreased in order to maintain balanced output in three phases by changing the framework of the transistor connection. This is performed to reinforce the reliability of the inverter. Finally, by the simulation and experimental results, the feasibility of the proposed smart fault diagnosis system is confirmed. The proposed fault diagnosis method is advantageous due to its minimal use of data and lack of a learning process, which thereby reduces the fault diagnosis time and makes the method easily used in practice. The proposed fault-tolerant control strategy allows both online and smooth switching in the wiring structure of the inverter.

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17

Shen, Yanxia, Beibei Miao, Dinghui Wu, and Kader Ali Ibrahim. "Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Neutral-Point-Clamped Three-Level Inverter." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (February 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5126404.

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A fault-tolerant control technique is discussed for the Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) three-level inverter, which ensures that the NPC inverter operates normally even under device failures. A two-level leg is added to the NPC inverter; when the device open circuit fault occurs, the load of this faulty phase is connected to the neutral point of this two-level leg through the bidirectional thyristors. An improved Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) strategy called “addition and subtraction substitution SVPWM” is proposed to effectively suppress fluctuation in capacitor neutral-point voltages by readjusting the sequence and action time of voltage vectors. The fault-tolerant topology in this paper has the advantages of fewer switching devices and lower circuit costs. Experimental results show that the proposed fault-tolerant system can operate in balance of capacitor neutral-point voltages at full output power and the reliability of the inverter is greatly enhanced.

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18

Akbari, Ehsan, and Farhad Zishan. "Modified Topology and Modulation Technique for Z-Source Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter." Power Electronics and Drives 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2022-0016.

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Abstract The impedance network makes it possible to increase and decrease the voltage, which is not available in normal inverters (voltage and current sources).This paper presents a modified topology and modulation technique for a three-phase Modified Z-Source Neutral-Point Clamped (MZS-NPC) inverter. A modulation scheme for the proposed topology is designed based on maximum gain control method to achieve the maximum voltage gain by simple implementation and balancing the neutral point voltage of the dc link. In order to supply the desired voltage to the critical load in an islanded micro-grid, a closed-loop ac voltage controller is realized in fuel cell or photovoltaic applications based on the proposed inverter. The ability to reinforce and validity of topology operations and modulation techniques has been demonstrated by simulation. It should be noted that the simulations are implemented in MATLAB / Simulink software.

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19

Sathish Kumar, S., R. Ramkumar, S. Sivarajeswari, D. Ramya, T. Subburaj, and Martin Sankoh. "Performance Enhancement of a Three Phase Boost-Cascaded Fifteen Level Inverter Using the PI Controller." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3888571.

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Photovoltaic power generation is a potential alternative energy source that offers several benefits over other alternative energy sources such as wind, sun, ocean, biomass, geothermal, and so on. Multilevel inverters are essential for power conversion in solar power generation. These multilevel inverters employ three distinct topologies: diode-clamped (neutral-point clamped) inverter, capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor) inverter, and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is more appropriate for photovoltaic applications than the other two topologies. The proposed system asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter (ACMLI) is energized using a photovoltaic system (PV). A three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter for grid-connected solar systems is given in this study utilizing a proportional integral controller. The harmonic distortion was removed using a multicarrier pulse width modulation method. The MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the performance of a three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter in terms of harmonic content and number of switches. To test the performance of the designed system, a hardware prototype was created. From the obtained results, the proposed method reduces the switch count, harmonic distortion, and rejects the external disturbances of input and output variables.

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20

Abdelsalam, Asmaa A., Mohamed Adel Esmaeel, and Salama Abo Zaid. "Two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter for traction applications: a comparative analysis study." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1609-1619.

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<span>This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.</span>

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21

Fu, Guangjie, and Xinpeng Li. "Research on neutral-point potential control of a three-level inverter." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp20-28.

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<p>Diode-clamped three-level inverters have been widely used in high voltage and high power fields because of their unique advantages. Nowadays, diode-clamped three-level inverters have become a research hotspot. In order to reduce the content of energy harmonics injected into the power grid by the inverter system, the neutral point potential needs to be controlled. This paper proposes a control method based on a proportional controller. The voltage sector was redefined and the design of the proportional controller was completed. In combination with the introduction of a new PWM technology, a smooth control of the midpoint potential was achieved. The effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation in MATLAB<em></em></p>

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22

Doan, Nam Xuan, and Nho Van Nguyen. "Virtual Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Asymmetric T-Type Neutral Point Clamped 3-Level Inverter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1379040.

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This paper proposes a novel 3-phase asymmetric 3-level T-type NPC inverter and studies its PWM performance using a virtual space vector pulse width modulation control strategy. Firstly, the mathematical model and characteristics of this economical topology are described. Then, a virtual space vector approach is proposed to build a space vector diagram for designing SVPWM control. Similar to the conventional 3-level NPC inverter, the asymmetric inverter can also work with the neutral point voltage self-balancing in a fundamental period, which enables employment of this topology in various applications. Finally, simulation and experiment results under different load conditions have shown good output performance of the asymmetric 3-level topology. Similar tests are also performed on both conventional 2-level and 3-level inverters for comparison. For an almost similar number of different voltage vectors in the space vector diagram, the asymmetric 3-level topology can compete with conventional 3-level inverters for low-cost applications. The obvious benefit of the asymmetric 3-level inverter is a smaller number of switches devices while it can achieve output performance similar to that of the conventional 3-level. The comparative investigation also shows that the total loss given by SVPWM for the asymmetric 3-level configuration is lower than that of the traditional 3-level inverter.

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23

Chen, Guo, Chunyang Gong, Jun Bao, Lihua Zhu, and Zhixin Wang. "Compensation-Voltage-Injection-Based Neutral-Point Voltage Fluctuation Suppression Method for NPC Converters." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 30, 2023): 4409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114409.

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Three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverters are widely used in the new energy power generation, motor drive, and many other occasions. However, the neutral-point voltage imbalance of an NPC inverter will affect the output of the inverter system, and the control of the neutral point voltage has become a popular research topic. In this paper, a compensation-voltage-injection-based neutral-point voltage balancing method is proposed. During the switching cycle, the average value model of the neutral-point current under different voltage vectors is applied to calculate the value of the compensation voltage that needs to be injected. The self-balance of the neutral-point voltage based on a switching cycle is realized, and the influence of modulation ratio and power factor on equalization ability is discussed. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and a small power prototype are established to verify the effectiveness of the method, and the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the neutral-point voltage fluctuation in a wide range of modulation ratios and power factors.

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24

Kwon, Bong Hyun, Sang-Hun Kim, Seok-Min Kim, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Fault Diagnosis of Open-Switch Failure in a Grid-Connected Three-Level Si/SiC Hybrid ANPC Inverter." Electronics 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030399.

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A diagnostic method for an open-circuit switch failure in a hybrid active neutral-point clamped (HANPC) inverter is proposed in this paper. The switching leg of the HANPC inverter consists of four silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors and two silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors to achieve higher efficiency and power density compared to conventional neutral-point clamped inverters. When an open-circuit failure occurs in a switching device, the output current is severely distorted, causing damage to the inverter and the connected loads. The proposed diagnostic method aims to detect the open-switch failure and protect the related devices without additional sensors or circuits. The faulty conditions of six different switches are investigated based on the current distortion in the stationary reference frame. By analyzing the individual characteristic of each switch failure, it is possible to detect the exact location of the failed switch in a short period. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault-diagnostic method are verified using simulation and experimental results.

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25

Guo, Yujing, and Junhuai Zhang. "Modulation Technique Design of An Improved Zero Common Mode Voltage (CMV)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2563, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2563/1/012020.

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Abstract Voltage imbalance of neutral-point and CMV are hot issues in the research of three-level inverters. This paper first introduces the three-level topology of the neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter. Aiming to eliminate CMV of three-level NPC and balance the voltage of the neutral point simultaneously, a virtual space vector pulse modulation (VSVPWM) strategy is proposed. Virtual voltage vectors of this strategy are composed of 3 medium vectors. The voltage of the neutral point is balanced since the average current of the neutral point is 0. Therefore, the balance index is introduced to redefine virtual voltage vectors, so the voltage of the neutral point can recover quickly when the capacitors’ voltage of the dc-link is imbalanced.

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26

Reusser, Carlos A., and Hector Young. "Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030233.

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In this paper, a novel four-level single-phase multilevel converter is introduced, consisting of six active switches arranged in a quasi-nested configuration. The proposed topology synthesizes its output voltage levels with respect to a floating neutral point, using four cascaded capacitors with identical voltage levels. The proposed converter contains a reduced number of components compared to the neutral point clamped (NPC) or active-NPC topologies (ANPC) for the same number of output voltage levels, since it does not require diode or active switch clamping to a neutral point. Moreover, no floating capacitors with asymmetric voltage levels are employed, thereby simplifying the capacitor voltage balancing. The switching operation principles, modulation technique and control scheme for supplying a single-phase resistive-inductive load are addressed in detail. The proposed four-level inverter allows generating an additional output voltage level with the same semiconductor count as conventional three-level inverters such as NPC and ANPC which allows a superior waveform quality, with a THDv reduction of 32.69% in comparison the clamped inverters. Experimental tests carried out in a laboratory-scale setup verify the feasibility of the proposed topology.

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27

Jamil, Muhammad. "Carrier-based modulation strategies for a neutral point clamped inverter." International Journal of Electronics 95, no. 12 (December 2008): 1293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210802524294.

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28

Xiaoming Yuan and I. Barbi. "Zero-voltage switching for the neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 49, no. 4 (August 2002): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2002.801064.

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29

Alolah, A. I., L. N. Hulley, and W. Shepherd. "A three-phase neutral point clamped inverter for motor control." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 3, no. 4 (October 1988): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.17960.

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30

Odeh, CI. "Fundamentals of a Multi-Phase, Neutral-Point Clamped Multilevel Inverter." Nigerian Journal of Technology 33, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v33i3.16.

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31

Vargas, R., P. Cortes, U. Ammann, J. Rodriguez, and J. Pontt. "Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54, no. 5 (October 2007): 2697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.899854.

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32

Guo, Xiaoqiang, Xuehui Wang, Ran He, and Mehdi Narimani. "Modeling and Modulation of NNPC Four-Level Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2383872.

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Photovoltaic (PV) power plant is an attractive way of utilizing the solar energy. For high-power PV power plant, the multilevel inverter is of potential interest. In contrast to the neutral-point clamped (NPC) or flying capacitor (FC) multilevel inverter, the nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) four-level inverter has better features for solar photovoltaic power plant. In practical applications, the common mode voltage reduction of the NNPC four-level is one of the important issues. In order to solve the problem, a new modulation strategy is proposed to minimize the common mode voltage. Compared with the conventional solution, our proposal can reduce the common mode voltage to 1/18 of the DC bus voltage. Moreover, it has the capability to balance the capacitor voltages. Finally, we carried out time-domain simulations to test the performance of the NNPC four-level inverter.

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33

Zaid, Sherif A., Abualkasim Bakeer, Hani Albalawi, Adel M. Alatwi, Hassan Abdeldaim, and Bassel Manqarah. "Model-Free Predictive Current Control of a 3-φ Grid-Connected Neutral-Point-Clamped Transformerless Inverter." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073141.

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Utility grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) installations are becoming a typical component of the current electrical energy grid. The adoption of transformerless inverters has recently changed the topology of these systems. Despite being small, inexpensive, and effective, transformerless inverters have a recurring leakage current issue. Numerous studies are being conducted to improve its performance and bring the leakage current down to acceptable levels. The studies propose three tracks for addressing the leakage current problem of transformerless PV systems: the control technique, the inverter modulation, and the inverter topology. This study applies the model-free predictive control (MFPC) technique to a grid-connected NPC 3-φ transformerless converter powered by a PV panel. An LCL filter connects the transformerless inverter to the grid. The system model considers the grid filter components and the internal impedance of the utility grid. The proposed system’s discrete model is established before describing the MFPC controller’s algorithm. The suggested system is simulated in MATLAB using the MFPC and a standard PI current controller with SVPWM modulation. According to the simulation’s findings, the MFPC controller performs best regarding current spectrum, THD, and earth leakage current. Additionally, MFPC-based systems are more efficient than those that use PI controllers.

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Madasamy, P., Rajesh Verma, A. Rameshbabu, A. Murugesan, R. Umamageswari, Josiah Lange Munda, C. Bharatiraja, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. "Neutral Point Clamped Transformer-Less Multilevel Converter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080977.

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Transformer-less (TL) inverter topologies have elicited further special treatment in photo-voltaic (PV) power system as they provide high efficiency and low cost. Neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel-inverter (MLI) topologies-based transformer-less are being immensely used in grid-connected medium-voltage high-power claims. Unfortunately, these topologies such as NPC-MLI, full-bridge inverter with DC bypass (FB-DCBP) suffer from the shoot-through problem on the bridge legs, which affect the reliability of the implementation. Based on the previous above credits, a T type neutral point clamped (TNP)—MLI (TNP-MLI) with transformer-less topology called TL-TNP-MLI is presented to be an alternate which can be suitable in the grid-connected PV power generation systems. The suggested TL-TNP-MLI topologies free from inverter bridge legs shoot-through burden, switching frequency common-mode current (CMC), and leakage current. The control system of the grid interface with hysteresis current control (HCC) strategy is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed PV connected transformer-less TNP-MLI topology with different grid and PV scenario has been verified through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and field-programmable gate area (FPGA)-based experimental results for a 1.5 kW system.

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Ramasamy, Palanisamy, Ramkumar Ravindran, Neetu Gupta, Gunjan Sardana, Indumathi Sekar, Venugopala Aparna Marthanda, and Selvakumar Kuppusamy. "Simulation of 3D-space vector modulation for neutral point clamped inverters." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4502.

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This paper gives an idea to simulation of three-dimensional space vector modulation for neutral point clamped multilevel inverter. Three dimensional-space vector modulation (3D-SVM) algorithm is progressed method of two dimensional-space vector modulation (2D-SVM) algorithm; it leads to reduce the complexity in reference vector identification and switching time calculation, also it includes the various advantages of 2D-SVM like minimized total harmonic distortion, reduced EMI issues. A simple system for the assortment of switching state vectors to track the reference voltage vectors without using any redundant switching vectors. This proposed method tracks the reference vector by identifyinglsubcubes and prisms by using mathematicallconditions. Here the cost of the proposedltechnique is independentlof voltagellevels oflinverter. This paper realizes the accomplishment of 3D-SVM using a neutral point clamped inverter. The simulation results of the proposed method are verified using MATLAB/Simulink.

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Sahu, M. K., A. K. Panda, and B. P. Panigrahi. "Direct Torque Control for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2, no. 2 (April 11, 2012): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.117.

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Direct torque control (DTC) is a control technique in AC drive systems to obtain high performance torque control. The classical DTC drive contains a pair of hysteresis comparators and suffers from variable switching frequency and high torque ripple. These problems can be solved by using space vector depending on the reference torque and flux. In this paper the space vector modulation technique is applied to the three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter control in the proposed DTC-based induction motor drive system, resulting to a significant reduce of torque ripple. Three-level neutral point clamped inverters have been widely used in medium voltage applications. This type of inverters have several advantages over standard two-level VSI, such as greater number of levels in the output voltage waveforms, less harmonic distortion in voltage and current waveforms and lower switching frequencies. This paper emphasizes the derivation of switching states using the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The control scheme is implemented using Matlab/Simulink. Experimental results using dSPACE validate the steady-state and the dynamic performance of the proposed control strategy.

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Aqeel Anwar, Muhammad, Ghulam Abbas, Irfan Khan, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Umar Farooq, and Saad Saleem Khan. "An Impedance Network-Based Three Level Quasi Neutral Point Clamped Inverter with High Voltage Gain." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051261.

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Due to the impediments of voltage source inverter and current source inverter, Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has become notorious for better power quality in low and medium power applications. Several modifications are proposed for impedance source in the form of Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and Neutral Point Clamped Z-Source Inverter (NPCZSI). However, due to the discontinuity of the source current, NPCZSI is not suitable for some applications, i.e., fuel cell, UPS, and hybrid electric vehicles. Although in later advancements, source current becomes continuous in multilevel QZSI, low voltage gain, higher shoot-through duty ratio, lesser availability of modulation index, and higher voltage stress across switches are still an obstacle in NPCZSI. In this research work, a three-level high voltage gain Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI) that gives three-level AC output in a single stage, is proposed to boost up the DC voltage at the desired level. At the same time, it detains all the merits of previous topologies of three-level NPCZSI/QZSI. Simulations have been done in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to show the effectiveness of the proposed inverter topology.

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Rechach, Abdelkrim, Sihem Ghoudelbourk, and Mihoub Mohamed Larbi. "Impact of Choice of Neutral Point Clamped and H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters for PV Systems." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 24, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.240406.

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The exploitation of solar energy and the universal interest in photovoltaic systems have increased nowadays due to galloping energy consumption and current geopolitical and economic issues. This has led to high technical and economic requirements. The PV system still faces major obstacles such as high cost and low efficiency compared to other renewable technologies. In addition, the photovoltaic system suffers from the rate of undesirable harmonics of the generated power which could alter the quality of energy and the performance requested by users. In order to remedy this problem, the use of the multi-level inverter is in these cases one of the most promising solutions. Indeed, the multi-level technology seems to be well suited to photovoltaic applications to help fill the need for several sources on the DC side of the converter. The technical performance and reliability of the multi-level inverter used to connect the PV modules to the electrical power distribution networks can improve and make profitable the power produced. In this work, we compare two multi-level inverter topologies for PV systems: H-Bridge (HB) and Neutral Point Clamped (NPC). The comparison between these inverters is based on the criteria of spectral quality of the output voltage and the complexity of the power circuits.

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Ek-Iam, Kanyarat, and Yuttana Kumsuwan. "Discontinuous Space Vector Modulation Strategy for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.435.

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This paper presents a discontinuous space vector modulation (SVM) strategy for a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter. The proposed scheme, calculation switching time of the 3L-NPC inverter is fully described. A mathematical analysis of the duty cycle is determined by utilizing the calculated switching time method. The main advantages of the proposed method are minimization of the number of commutations of switches and reduction of the switching losses. Simulated and calculation results are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme.

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Shen, Zhan, Mengxing Chen, Huai Wang, Xiongfei Wang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "EMI Filter Robustness in Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37, no. 4 (April 2022): 4641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3124282.

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41

Enjeti, P. N., and R. Jakkli. "Optimal power control strategies for neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topology." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 28, no. 3 (1992): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.137436.

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Masisi, Lesedi, Pragasen Pillay, and Sheldon S. Williamson. "A Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter Synchronous Reluctance Machine Drive." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 6 (November 2015): 4531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2452895.

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Rojas, R., T. Ohnishi, and T. Suzuki. "Neutral-point-clamped inverter with improved voltage waveform and control range." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 42, no. 6 (1995): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.475499.

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Lee, Sze Sing, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Dual-T-Type Seven-Level Boost Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 7 (July 2019): 6031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2891248.

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Husev, Oleksandr, Carlos Roncero‐Clemente, Enrique Romero‐Cadaval, Dmitri Vinnikov, and Serhii Stepenko. "Single phase three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped quasi‐Z‐source inverter." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0904.

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Syed, Ahmad, Tara Kalyani Sandipamu, and Freddy Tan Kheng Suan. "High‐efficiency neutral‐point‐clamped transformerless MOSFET inverter for photovoltaic applications." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 2 (February 2018): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0389.

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Ajaykumar, T., and Nita R. Patne. "Switched-Capacitor-Based Neutral-Point-Clamped Quasi-Switched Boost Multilevel Inverter." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 45, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 1765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04254-2.

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Thuyen, Chau Minh, Nguyen Hoai Thuong, and Truong Khac Tung. "Integrated compensation model using a three-phase neutral point clamped inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5074-5082.

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Normally, when research on active compensation models, previous studies only assumed that the source of harmonics is nonlinear load. The nonlinear load here is fixed and balanced, the supply voltage is considered ideal, i.e. the three-phase source is balanced and there is no distortion. However, in reality, the above assumption is difficult to achieve. Therefore, this paper aims to design an integrated compensation model for different types of harmonic sources. The types of harmonic sources considered here include: harmonic sources generated from nonlinear load and source. The requirement of the integrated compensation model is to create a balanced three-phase voltage at the terminal of the load and the supply current must be a sinusoidal wave in phase with the source voltage. In order to reduce the loss caused by the inverter switching, this paper uses a three-level Neutral Point Clamped inverter. The simulation results performed on Psim software have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed integrated compensation model compared to the traditional integrated compensation model in reducing harmonics and stabilizing DC-bus voltage.

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Gong, Bo, Shanmei Cheng, and Yi Qin. "Simple three-level neutral point voltage balance control strategy based on SVPWM." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0002.

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Abstract The unbalance of the neutral point voltage is an inherent problem of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter, the effect of neutral point voltage balancing which is caused by voltage vector is analyzed, and the relationship of the voltage offset and neutral point voltage is studied in this paper. This paper proposes a novel neutral point balance strategy for three-level NPC inverter based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). A voltage offset is added to the modulation wave, and a closed-loop neutral point voltage balance control system is designed. In the control system, the dwelling time of synthesis voltage vectors for SVPWM is varied to solve the problem of the unbalance of the neutral point voltage, the sequence of the voltage vectors maintains unchanging. Simulation and experimental results show the neutral point voltage balancing control strategy based on SVPWM is effective.

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R, Palanisamy. "Hysteresis Control 3-Level SI-NPC Inverter with Wind Energy System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1764-1770.

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The system is a 3-level Neutral point clamped hysteresis current controlled Inverter with Wind energy as power source. The input DC Power for the multi-level inverter is drawn from wind turbine generator connected through a rectifier circuit. An inductor has been introduced for smoothening the DC output from the rectifier. The inverter uses Neutral Point Clamped topology. The switching pulses for the inverter are achieved by hysteresis current control technique. This system is advantageous over the conventional SPWM based system as the hysteresis current control allows to reduce the low frequency harmonics while also allowing to control the fundamental amplitude depending on frequency. The outputs for the system are verified using MATLAB simulations. The hardware for Hysteresis current control for the inverter is implemented by using a dSPIC microcontroller. The proposed system can be implemented in households for supplying backup power in case of power shortage and can also be used as a primary power source if wind flow is abundant. It is easy to implement, economical and provides clean energy

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