Academic literature on the topic 'Nevada. State Weather Service'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nevada. State Weather Service"
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Allen, Richard G., Clarence W. Robison, Justin Huntington, James L. Wright, and Ayse Kilic. "Applying the FAO-56 Dual Kc Method for Irrigation Water Requirements over Large Areas of the Western U.S." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 2059–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13933.
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HighlightsThe FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was applied over the entire agricultural areas of Idaho and Nevada to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and net irrigation water requirements (IWR).Basal crop coefficients were expressed as functions of normalized cumulative growing degree days.ET during dormant seasons was included in the estimates.The procedure was applied to a U.S. West-wide study of climate change effects on ET and IWR.Abstract. The FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was used to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and net irrigation water requirements for all agricultural areas of the states of Idaho and Nevada and in a western U.S. study on effects of climate change on future irrigation water requirements. The products of the applications are for use by state governments for water rights management, irrigation system planning and design, wastewater application system design and review, hydrologic water balances, and groundwater modeling. The products have been used by the U.S. federal government for assessing impacts of current and future climate change on irrigation water demands. The procedure was applied to data from more than 200 weather station locations across the state of Idaho, 200 weather station locations across the state of Nevada, and eight major river basins in the western U.S. for available periods of weather records. Estimates were made over daily, monthly, and annual time intervals. Methods from FAO-56 were employed for calculating reference ET and crop coefficients (Kc), with ET calculations performed for all times of the calendar year including winter. Expressing Kc as a function of thermal-time units allowed application across a wide range of local climates and elevations. The ET estimates covered a wide range of agricultural crops grown in the western U.S. plus a number of native plant systems, including wetlands, rangeland, and riparian trees. Evaporation was estimated for three types of open-water surfaces ranging from deep reservoirs to small farm ponds. Keywords: Consumptive use, Dual crop coefficient, Evapotranspiration, FAO-56, Irrigation water requirements.
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Jin, Jiming, and Norman L. Miller. "Analysis of the Impact of Snow on Daily Weather Variability in Mountainous Regions Using MM5." Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm565.1.
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Abstract The impacts of snow on daily weather variability, as well as the mechanisms of snowmelt over the Sierra Nevada, California–Nevada, mountainous region, were studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) forced by 6-h reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The analysis of two-way nested 36–12-km MM5 simulations during the 1998 snowmelt season (April–June) shows that the snow water equivalent (SWE) is underestimated when there are conditions with higher temperature and greater precipitation than observations. An observed daily SWE dataset derived from the snow telemetry network was assimilated into the Noah land surface model within MM5. This SWE assimilation reduces the warm bias. The reduction of the warm bias results from suppressed upward sensible heat flux caused by the decreased skin temperature. This skin temperature reduction is the result of the longer assimilated snow duration than in the model run without SWE assimilation. Meanwhile, the cooled surface leads to a more stable atmosphere, resulting in a decrease in the exaggerated precipitation. Additionally, the detailed analysis of the snowmelt indicates that the absence of vegetation fraction in the most sophisticated land surface model (Noah) in the MM5 package results in an overestimation of solar radiation reaching the snow surface, giving rise to heavier snowmelt. An underestimated surface albedo also weakly contributes to the stronger snowmelt. The roles of the vegetation fraction and albedo in snowmelt are further verified by an additional offline simulation from a more realistic land surface model with advanced snow and vegetation schemes forced by the MM5 output. An improvement in SWE description is clearly seen in this offline simulation over the Sierra Nevada region.
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Meyer, Frederick, Ronald Shane, and Hans Radtke. "A Systematic Approach for Identifying Planning Zones and Service Centers: A Nevada State Health Example." Community Development Society. Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575338609490051.
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Bugay, Nikolay F. "Natural triangle of best weather: Anapa (former Turkish fortress) – Temryuk (possession of the Kabardian prince Temryuk (Temroko) Idarov – Taman (ancient Tmutarakan)." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2020): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-4-5-25-52.
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The state of the hydrometeorological network in any state, its effective work in solving the urgent problem of creating conditions for ensuring the country's security is also a vivid evidence of the ability and capabilities of the state itself in organizing the effective work of services necessary to support comfortable living conditions for the population. Scientists studying the history of various kinds of services in the state, in relation to the weather service, pay more attention to the past periods, connected to a large extent with the history of the emergence of a particular service, the provision of trained specialists, the provision of the economic side of the services. If we turn to the weather service, then, undoubtedly, the question of the formation of labor collectives at the meteorological station and other structures of the weather service should be put in the first place. The work of teams of specialists in modern conditions should not be disregarded. It is certainly associated with the past, with the traditions that were laid down by past generations and are carefully preserved for different weather stations. In general, they continue to develop and improve the methods of work of teams, rely on the scientific base, created technologies for observing and processing the data obtained, which met the requirements of the time in the past, and the formed base of observations of atmospheric phenomena. The article focuses primarily on the organization of the work of weather service specialists in modern conditions, which makes it possible to clarify many aspects of the process of organizing the activities of the observation system both in the regions of Russia, as well as on the scale of the state as a whole.
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Achilleos, Nicholas, Patrick Guio, Nicolas André, and Arianna M. Sorba. "A magnetodisc model service for planetary space weather studies." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019022.
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Theoretical models play an important role in the Planetary Space Weather Services (PSWS) of the European Planetary Network (“Europlanet”), due to their ability to predict the physical response of magnetospheric environments to compressions or rarefactions in the upstream solar wind flow. We illustrate this aspect by presenting examples of some calculations done with the UCL Magnetodisc Model in both “Jupiter” and “Saturn” mode. Similar model outputs can now be provided via the PSWS MAGNETODISC service. For each planet’s space environment, we present example model outputs showing the effect of compressions and rarefactions on the global magnetic field, plasma pressure and azimuthal current density. As a simple illustration of the physics underlying these reference models, we quantify solar wind effects by comparing the “compressed” and “expanded” outputs to a nominal “average-state” model, reflecting more typical solar wind dynamic pressures. We also describe the implementation of the corresponding PSWS MAGNETODISC Service, through which similar outputs may be obtained by potential users.
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Niess, Margaret L. "Forecast: Changing Mathematics Curriculum and Increasing Pressure for Higher-Level Thinking Skills." Arithmetic Teacher 41, no. 2 (October 1993): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.41.2.0129.
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There's a lot of exciting new technology that the weather service plans to incorporate in the next decade. But, to do that, positions in the weather service will have to be upgraded from technical to scientific. people with a higher level of skill in using and interpreting the new data available” (Oregon State University ews Service 1990. 3). Technology is affecting the work force. changing not only the skills that are needed but also the level of those skills. Thus, the education of those workers assuming the newly defined positions must reflect the changes.
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Carlton, J. Stuart, James R. Angel, Songlin Fei, Matthew Huber, Tomas M. Koontz, Brian J. MacGowan, Nathan D. Mullendore, Nicholas Babin, and Linda S. Prokopy. "State Service Foresters' Attitudes Toward Using Climate and Weather Information When Advising Forest Landowners." Journal of Forestry 112, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-054.
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Astsatryan, Hrachya, Hayk Grogoryan, Eliza Gyulgyulyan, Anush Hakobyan, Aram Kocharyan, Wahi Narsisian, Vladimir Sahakyan, et al. "Weather Data Visualization and Analytical Platform." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v19i2.1351.
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This article aims to present a web-based interactive visualization and analytical platform for weather data in Armenia by integrating the three existing infrastructures for observational data, numerical weather prediction, and satellite image processing. The weather data used in the platform consists of near-surface atmospheric elements including air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind and precipitation. The visualization and analytical platform has been implemented for 2-m surface temperature. The platform gives Armenian State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service analytical capabilities to analyze the in-situ observations, model and satellite image data per station and region for a given period.
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Handal, K. A. "Service Organizations in Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0006581x.
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Our belief that there is a superagency that goes to work when a disaster occurs is unfounded. What does exist is a network of integrating expertise and resources that are escalated from different routine activities to cooperatively respond to one event. This paper concerns the governmental approach in one area, New York City.In the United States, federal and state laws exist to minimize the effects of disasters, by identifying measures to prevent or mitigate them, developing mechanisms to coordinate the use of resource and manpower during disasters, and by providing recovery and redevelopment following a disaster. These functions and services are coordinated to the maximum extent with comparable activities of local state and federal governments, and many voluntary private agencies. Organizational responsibility follows a bi-directional flow from federal to state to county-, city-, town- and village level, and in the reverse (Fig. 1). The roles and responsibilities depend on the type of disaster (Fig. 2) and hence the response and activity needed. Response activities include need for clothing, crisis counseling, debris removal and disposal, disease and pest control, equipment and supplies, evacuation, food provisions, fuel provisions, housing and shelter, identification and disposition of the dead, labor pools, law and order, medical care and treatment, power provision, protective measures, search and rescue, sewage control, transportation, the need to waiver codes, water provisions, and weather forecasting.
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Bingham, Suzy, Sophie A. Murray, Antonio Guerrero, Alexi Glover, and Peter Thorn. "Summary of the plenary sessions at European Space Weather Week 15: space weather users and service providers working together now and in the future." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019031.
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During European Space Weather Week 15 two plenary sessions were held to review the status of operational space weather forecasting. The first session addressed the topic of working with space weather service providers now and in the future, the user perspective. The second session provided the service perspective, addressing experiences in forecasting development and operations. Presentations in both sessions provided an overview of international efforts on these topics, and panel discussion topics arising in the first session were used as a basis for panel discussion in the second session. Discussion topics included experiences during the September 2017 space weather events, cross domain impacts, timeliness of notifications, and provision of effective user education. Users highlighted that a severe space weather event did not necessarily lead to severe impacts for each individual user across the different sectors. Service providers were generally confident that timely and reliable information could be provided during severe and extreme events, although stressed that more research and funding were required in this relatively new field of operational space weather forecasting, to ensure continuation of capabilities and further development of services, in particular improved forecasting targeting user needs. Here a summary of the sessions is provided followed by a commentary on the current state-of-the-art and potential next steps towards improvement of services.
Books on the topic "Nevada. State Weather Service"
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Auditor, Nevada Legislature Legislative. Audit report, State of Nevada, Department of Personnel. Carson City, Nev: Legislative Counsel Bureau, 2002.
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Auditor, Nevada Legislature Legislative. Audit report, State of Nevada, Department of Personnel. Carson City, Nev: [Legislative Counsel Bureau], 1996.
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Johnson, Victoria. Collaborative research on road weather observations and predictions by universities, state DOTs and National Weather Service Forecast Offices. McLean, Va: Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2004.
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Nevada, Weather Service, annual reports, 1883-1904. Carson City, Nev: Nevada Printing and Micrographics Division, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nevada. State Weather Service"
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Haggard, H. Rider. "Chapter III: Umbopa Enters our Service." In King Solomon's Mines. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198722953.003.0004.
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It takes from four to five days, according to the vessel and the state of the weather, to run up from the Cape to Durban. Sometimes, if the landing is bad at East London, where they have not yet got that wonderful harbour*...
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Meyer, William B. "Since 1945: New Amenities, New Hazards." In Americans and Their Weather. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131826.003.0011.
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If the average citizen's surroundings defined the national climate, then the United States grew markedly warmer and drier in the postwar decades. Migration continued to carry the center of population west and began pulling it southward as well. The growth of what came to be called the Sunbelt at the "Snowbelt's" expense passed a landmark in the early 1960s when California replaced New York as the most populous state. Another landmark was established in the early 1990s when Texas moved ahead of New York. In popular discussion, it was taken for granted that finding a change of climate was one of the motives for relocating as well as one of the results. It was not until 1954, though, that an American social scientist first seriously considered the possibility. The twentieth-century flow of Americans to the West Coast, the geographer Edward L. Ullman observed in that year, had no precedent in world history. It could not be explained by the theories of settlement that had worked well in the past, for a substantial share of it represented something entirely new, "the first large-scale in-migration to be drawn by the lure of a pleasant climate." If it was the first of its kind, it was unlikely to be the last. For a set of changes in American society, Ullman suggested, had transformed the economic role of climate. The key changes included a growth in the numbers of pensioned retirees; an increase in trade and service employment, much more "footloose" than agriculture or manufacturing was; developments in technology making manufacturing itself more footloose; and a great increase in mobility brought about by the automobile and the highway. All in one way or another had weakened the bonds of place and made Americans far freer than before to choose where to live. Whatever qualities made life in any spot particularly pleasant thus attracted migration more than in the past. Ullman grouped such qualities together as "amenities." They ranged from mountains to beaches to cultural attractions, but climate appeared to be the most important, not least because it was key to the enjoyment of many of the rest. Ullman did not suppose that all Americans desired the same climate. For most people, in this as in other respects, "where one was born and lives is the best place in the world, no matter how forsaken a hole it may appear to an outsider."
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Kneeland, Timothy W. "Without Warning and Defenseless." In Playing Politics with Natural Disaster, 104–18. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748530.003.0008.
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This chapter describes how the public also vented anger and frustration at agents of government whose job it was to protect people before a natural disaster occurred. The public was incensed at having received no warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS) and demanded to know why their local civil defense organizations had failed in the midst of the crisis. The public expected to hold someone responsible for the death and the destruction of property. Assigning blame is an integral component of American democracy; in order for change to occur, the electorate must assign responsibility when the government fails so they can pressure officials into improving public policy. In response to the public outrage, elected officials conducted a series of hearings into what went wrong before and during the Hurricane Agnes disaster. State senator Bill Smith, who was unable to get Governor Nelson Rockefeller to agree to a special legislative session, teamed up with Senate majority leader Warren Anderson to hold special hearings into government failures during the disaster. These investigations would show just how tattered the disaster safety net had become in the days before Hurricane Agnes.
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Jordan, Jennie. "Festival Leadership in Turbulent Times." In Focus On Festivals. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-15-9-2660.
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Europe is undergoing a period of transformational political change, with the post-war centre-left consensus that dominated the western nations breaking down and being replaced by a neo-liberal belief in the importance of markets in service delivery and a corresponding reduction in state intervention. Combine this with the financial crisis, which has meant cuts to arts and culture budgets in the UK, Netherlands, Italy, Greece and Hungary amongst others. Add in a touch of technologically driven change and then stop to consider the political, economic and social changes arising from the Arab Spring and the growing economic strength of Russia, Turkey and Kazakhstan on Europe’s borders. There are opportunities and threats for all arts and cultural organisations, but what does this mean for festivals’ leaders in particular? What do they see as the main issues? How are these issues affecting their vision, production and programming polices, their staff, funding, audience development and stakeholder relationships? In times of great turbulence, leaders are the pathfinders who establish new ways of working. In Europe the auteur tradition has placed artistic leadership at the centre of decision-making, both within festivals themselves and amongst funders. Festivals’ artistic directors are often independent cultural intermediaries, standing apart from the establishment but commenting on it; influencing both their own organisations and wider debates about legitimacy and value (Smith Maguire and Matthews, 2012). This is combined with the tendency of festival organisations to be quite small and entrepreneurial, operating what Handy (1999) calls ‘power cultures’, reliant on a central figure with a strong vision to make decisions. At their best, with visionary leaders, such organisations can create strong, supportive cultures that are flexible and that can react quickly to social, political and economic change. How then are these weather vanes responding to the post 2008 turbulent social and economic times in Europe?
Conference papers on the topic "Nevada. State Weather Service"
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Simonsen, Martin Hjorth, Erik Larsson, Wengang Mao, and Jonas W. Ringsberg. "State-of-the-Art Within Ship Weather Routing." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41939.
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Increased fuel prices and public awareness of environment impacts from shipping have attracted large efforts in maritime sector to increase its energy efficiency as a factor of competitiveness. Weather routing has become a recognized measure, which can partly help to achieve the targets as well as enhancing safety. A routing system requires a reliable optimization algorithm to consider a ship’s operational costs, expected time of arrival, and cargo safety etc. simultaneously. Hence, the service provided by a weather routing system is highly dependent on a properly selected optimization algorithm and associated input parameters. In this paper the concept of weather routing is broken down into many elements for further analysis. Focus is given to algorithms, constraints and weather forecasts used in the optimized routing plan. Two different aspects of state-of-the-art have been considered. The first is a study of software already in use and the second is a study of methods investigated in the research community. Furthermore, this paper also provides examples of development trends, for example the fatigue based routing, and the risk based routing, as well as its integration with onboard monitoring systems for more reliable weather and ship specific response information.
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Mak, Bart, and Bülent Düz. "Ship As a Wave Buoy: Estimating Relative Wave Direction From In-Service Ship Motion Measurements Using Machine Learning." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96201.
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Abstract For operations at sea it is important to have a good estimate of the current local sea state. Often, sea state information comes from wave buoys or weather forecasts. Sometimes wave radars are used. These sources are not always available or reliable. Being able to reliably use ship motions to estimate sea state characteristics reduces the dependency on external and/or expensive sources. In this paper, we present a method to estimate sea state characteristics from time series of 6-DOF ship motions using machine learning. The available data consists of ship motion and wave scanning radar measurements recorded for a period of two years on a frigate type vessel. The research focused on estimating the relative wave direction, since this is most difficult to estimate using traditional methods. Time series are well suited as input, since the phase differences between motion signals hold the information relevant for this case. This type of input data requires machine learning algorithms that can capture both the relation between the input channels and the time dependence. To this end, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) are adopted in this study for multivariate time series regression. The results show that the estimation of the relative wave direction is acceptable, assuming that the data set is large enough and covers enough sea states. Investigating the chronological properties of the data set, it turned out that this is not yet the case. The paper will include discussions on how to interpret the results and how to treat temporal data in a more general sense.
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Toffoli, Alessandro, Jean Michel Lefe`vre, Patrick Josse, and Jaak Monbaliu. "Investigation of Unexpected Sea-States." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51181.
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It is assumed that dangerous and unexpected sea-states may occur if the sea conditions are fairly rough. It is therefore of concern to meteo centers to include sea-state related parameters in marine weather forecast when they exceed a certain threshold. To select appropriate parameters that can point at dangerous wave events, the sea-state at the time and location of shipping accidents reported as being due to bad weather by the Lloyd’s Marine Information Service (LMIS) were extracted from the ECMWF ERA-40 archive. The analysis of these wave parameters reveals the occurrence of apparently rather low sea-states (e.g. Hm0 < 4 m). To test the findings against the related oceanographic features, wave climatology was computed. The present study aims at finding a possible correlation between wave climate and shipping incidents to identify warning criteria.
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Beshears, David L., D. Duncan Earl, Melissa Voss Lapsa, L. Curt Maxey, Jeff D. Muhs, Christina D. Ward, and John D. Morris. "Solar Energy, Collected, Concentrated, Transported, and Distributed as Light With No Energy Conversion Via a Hybrid Solar Lighting System." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36096.
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Hybrid solar lighting (HSL) is a technology in which sunlight is collected and distributed via optical fibers into the interior of buildings. Analogous to hybrid electric vehicles that use both batteries and internal combustion engines to power cars, hybrid lighting employs roof-mounted collectors to concentrate sunlight into flexible optical fibers and carry it inside buildings to “hybrid” light fixtures that also contain electric lamps. As the two light sources work in tandem, control systems keep lighting levels constant by dimming the electric lights when sunlight is bright, and turning them up as the sky darkens with weather conditions or nightfall. Data indicate that on a bright, sunny day the power consumption for lighting can be reduced by 50% or more. Today, lighting in U.S. residential and commercial buildings consumes close to 5 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy and one-fifth of all electricity. In commercial buildings, one-quarter of all energy demand is for lighting. With a forecasted doubling of commercial floor space by the year 2020 comes an urgent and growing need to find more efficient ways of lighting our nation’s buildings. Typically, less than 25 percent of the electrical energy consumed for lighting actually produces light; the rest generates heat, which increases the need for air-conditioning. Unlike conventional electric lamps, the sunlight from HSL systems produces virtually no waste heat. A nationwide field trial program is under way to provide system performance data and user-feedback essential for the successful commercialization of HSL. Field trial installations include San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Sacramento, CA; Wal-Mart, McKinney, TX; Aveda Corp., Minneapolis, MN; Staples, Long Island, NY; Braden’s Furniture, Knoxville, TN; Multipurpose Research Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN; University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Hybrid Lighting Laboratory, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN. This paper describes the field trial program and summarizes the results to date from the field trial installations.
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Manukalo, V., V. Boiko, and N. Holenya. "THE WMO PROJECT ON CATALOGING HAZARDOUS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL EVENTS: LESSONS LEARNED BY UKRAINE." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.19.
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The article deals with the results of research which was carried out by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute and the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center in the framework of the WMO Project "Cataloging Hazardous Hydrometeorological Events". The cataloging methodology was elaborated by WMO experts and is based on a standardized procedure for identification and description of natural disasters caused by hazardous hydrometeorological events, beginning from a time of creation of warning of dangerous event and up to ending of estimation of damages caused by this event. A description of dangerous hydrometeorological events as well as an assessment of losses caused by these events, were recorded in the agreed EXCEL table format with standard definitions of event types. The filled tables were sent to the European Regional Climate Center (ERCC), which operates under the German Weather Service. The terms of the Project stipulate that the ERCC ensures a full methodological and technical coordination of the Project implementation, including an integration of data received from countries, their consolidation into a regional database and an integration of many events in one regional event that corresponds to their origin. The implementation of the Project first phase was completed in December 2018. During the second Project phase (January- May 2019) an analysis of results was carried out. The experience gained from the Project implementation, was used to create " the WMO methodology for cataloging hazardous weather, climate, water and space weather events" that was presented for consideration at the 18th World Meteorological Congress in June 2019. The Congress adopted the cataloging methodology and recommended to implement this methodology on an operational basis in the hydrometeorological services. The participation of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine in the Project should be considered as very useful. The Ukrainian side got the opportunity: to get acquainted with an international experience in the field of standardization of description of negative influence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena; to compare the state of affairs in this area of activity in the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine and in relevant services of European countries; to bring the contribution in international efforts aimed at reducing the risks of natural disasters. The obtained results showed an importance of reviewing a number of standards and other regulations which are currently used in organizations of the Hydrometeorological Service. The researches in this area is currently being carried out by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute.
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Posluch, Samuel, and Pavol Pecho. "Analysis of implementation instrument approaches for hems heliports." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.36.
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In recent years, the trend of using a helicopters in the operation of the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) has been increasing. The reason is the wide range of uses of the helicopter, fast and safe transport of wounded people using new copters. Nevertheless, it is not possible to operate flights in poor weather conditions with a sufficient number of interventions. There is a need to develop new procedures for flying even under conditions other than VFR flight rules. The current state of helicopter technology in Slovakia allows it and therefore it is appropriate that new procedures using GNSS be created to establish a safe flight. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the input factors available to the operator and to create a design approach based on the legislative requirements for the use of GNSS systems on the selected heliport. The resulting approach design can be used as one of the options for creating procedures. Such proposals could also be implemented on other operational bases, for the creation of a network of instrument approach or departure systems, which would create space for increasing the safety of helicopter emergency medical service in Slovakia.
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Gallagher, Terry A., and Christian R. Desjardins. "Floating-Roof Tanks: Design and Operation in the Petroleum Industry." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-117.
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The floating-roof tank has been the most widely used method of storage of volatile petroleum products since the first demonstration b Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB&I) in 1923. There have been many changes and design improvements to that first pan-style-floating roof. A floating roof is a complex structure. It must be designed to remain buoyant even when exposed to combined loads from varying process, weather and product conditions. There is a continued demand for improved floating-roof tanks to store a wide range of petroleum and petrochemical products in compliance with state and federal environmental regulations. Floating roofs are used in open top tanks (EFRT), inside tanks with fixed roofs (IFRT), or in tanks that are totally closed where no product evaporative losses are permitted for release to the atmosphere. This very special type of installation is referred to as a zero emission storage tank (ZEST). Products that might have been stored in basic fixed roof tanks must now utilize a floating roof to limit evaporative emissions to the atmosphere. High vapor pressure condensate service and blended heavy crude oils also present new design challenges to the floating roof tank industry. This paper will review the most prominent styles of floating roofs from 1923 to the present. Design and operating limits for current da floating-roof structures are presented. New trends in environmental regulations and the potential impact on the design and operation of floating-roof tanks will be presented. Current maintenance practices and the effect on Life Cycle Cost Management of the storage syste are also reviewed.
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Rodgers, Colin, and Colin F. McDonald. "Small Recuperated Gas Turbine APU Concept to Abate Concern About Emissions, High Fuel Cost, and Noise." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27913.
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During the last decade microturbines in the 30 to 250 kW power range have been in service, but they have not been produced in significant enough quantities to impact the DG market due to a combination of factors including their high cost, modest efficiency, utility institutional concerns, and low interest in CHP use in the USA, although the latter could change as a result of fuel cost escalation. Very small gas turbines (ie. less than 10 kW) have been investigated periodically over the years, mainly for potential military use, but to date have not found a niche. This could well change with over 20 states now having instigated idling regulations that limit or prohibit heavy duty truck diesel engine idling. With emphasis on reducing emissions and noise levels this essentially implies that in the future a small APU will be required to provide the truck’s stationary electrical needs and cabin climate control. While there will be several power source types vying for this potentially large market, a small gas turbine APU is viewed as having attractive features which include low emissions, low acoustic signature, vibration-free operation, compact and light weight package, obviates the need for oil lubrication and liquid coolant systems, ease of cold weather starting, immediate response, and the use of fuel from the truck tank. In this paper a small recuperated gas turbine APU concept rated at 5kW is discussed including component design considerations, layout features, engine performance, and target cost. The conservative design of the APU is based on the use of existing materials and state-of-the-art gas turbine technology, and is amenable to high volume automated manufacturing processes. A competitive cost is projected if the proposed APU of modular construction was fabricated in large quantities like the production of vehicular turbochargers in Europe.
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Kvamstad, Beate. "Communication in the High North: Supporting Safe Maritime Operations." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11036.
Full textAbstract:
The special Arctic conditions with the presence of ice and harsh weather require complex offshore maritime operations compared to more central parts of the world. In order to maintain the safety level of the operations one need to share information amongst numerous actors across large distances. This is especially important in critical situations, when correct decisions need to be made very fast. Having a shared situational awareness becomes crucial. This again requires reliable and robust communication infrastructure such that undisrupted information is received by the end user in time. This represents a major challenge in the Arctic, since communication infrastructure above 75°N is relatively poor. Ships operating in open seas use maritime communication systems based on geostationary (GEO) satellites which orbit the earth above the equatorial line, such as for example Inmarsat and VSAT. However, they have little or no coverage at all in the Arctic and the low elevation angles makes them vulnerable to external influences. The theoretical coverage limit for GEO systems is 81.3°N, but field tests performed in the Norwegian MarSafe North1 project showed that instability and signal dropouts can be experienced already at 70° N during certain conditions. The only satellite system that provides full coverage in the Arctic area is Iridium, and it offers digital capacity through the Iridium OpenPort services. However, users have reported unstable performance, and the field tests showed that Iridium has unstable digital throughput in Arctic areas. The paper will present results from field tests performed in the MarSafe North project. The projects MarCom2, MarSafe North and ArctiCOM3 have investigated the state-of-the-art of Arctic communications; they have investigated future needs for satellite communications and proposed potential solutions. This paper will present the main results from these projects, as well as describing the main activities and tentative results achieved in the on-going project MARENOR, which analyses the factors that influence the quality of service of navigation and communication systems in the Arctic.
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Nordstrom, Christina D., Peter B. Lacey, Bob Grant, and Derek D. Hee. "Impact of FPSO Heading on Fatigue Design in Non-Collinear Environments." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28133.
Full textAbstract:
To achieve confidence in continuous 20+ year FPSO service without fatigue cracks leading to costly repair offshore or in dry-dock, ExxonMobil has developed a prescriptive Fatigue Methodology Specification (FMS, ref. 5) for new-build FPSOs. An important FMS requirement for turret-moored FPSOs is to determine relative wave headings in non-collinear wind, current and wave environments using a first-principles approach. Based on initial review with FPSO designers, this FMS requirement may pose a significant challenge because appropriately defined met-ocean criteria and efficient analytical design tools are not readily available. To date, FPSO designers typically account for weather-vaning in non-collinear environments by assuming a distribution of relative wave headings based on experience. For example, one assumption is to use 0 degrees (head seas) for 70% of the time and within ±30 degrees off the bow for the remaining 30%. In certain environments, this assumption can lead to a non-conservative fatigue design for hull structural details that are sensitive to beam seas, and an overly conservative fatigue design for details sensitive to head seas. ExxonMobil contracted Moffat & Nichol to develop a time-domain procedure to predict mean FPSO headings by considering wave, wind and current induced loads on the FPSO hull and topsides throughout the FPSO’s 20+ year operational life. A key element of this methodology is a directional representation of met-ocean data, including waves, winds and currents for every 3- or 6-hour sea-state. We have implemented our heading analysis procedure in robust software, which includes processing of the 20+ year met-ocean data in the time domain. Once the FPSO heading time history is known, fatigue lives at critical structural connections are predicted using the spectral fatigue method prescribed in the FMS. To demonstrate the heading methodology and assess its efficiency for project use, an example analysis was performed for an FPSO at a specific geographic location, where relatively strong currents exist. Comparison of predicted FPSO headings and fatigue lives with those using the existing industry practices confirmed the need for a first principles based heading methodology for FPSO fatigue design. The heading and fatigue analysis procedure described here can lead to more accurate, robust fatigue designs for FPSOs in non-collinear environments.