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Juha, Saukkonen, and Vänttinen Kari. "Development Trajectory of An Innovation-Based Environmental Technology Start-Up." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (2017): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2006.
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This research paper focuses on the growth models of new business ventures and their applicability to a specific type of start-up, environmental technology–based growth company via a case study. Start-ups companies are a focal point of interest of this decade. Start-ups develop products and services in conditions of market and technological uncertainty and competitive volatility. Due to their crucial role in the net job creation there is a growing need and interest to understand, model and develop start-ups. One industry of high interest in regards of start-up activity is that of environmental technology business, as it is addressing needs for solving problems related to such global issues as pollution, waste management and need for renewable energy sources. However, there is a very limited amount of prior research focusing specifically to start-up companies in this field. E.g. the growth stage models of start-up companies do not take in account the time dimensions caused by capital and regulatory demands that differentiate the development pace and stages of development of an environmental technology start-up from its peers in other industries. On the other hand, general research of environmental technology businesses often lacks the entrepreneurial and start-up focus, bundling efforts of new ventures in the field together with major projects by established companies. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework that helps understanding the growth process of new ventures in the aforementioned industry. In this case study, the authors assessed the suitability of models of growth dimensions, sources and obstacles proposed by earlier research and literature to a case company: a start-up company providing environmental technology for global business-to-business markets. Via qualitative, interview-based data collection among the company stakeholder and external business experts and analysis of the obtained qualitative data the authors were able to draw conclusions regarding compatibility of the case to the earlier models of new venture growth. The results obtained shows that despite the common features between the case company´s growth trajectory and models proposed by earlier research, none of the stage models offers a full match. Based on the findings the authors propose a new, partly cyclical model of start-up growth for further elaboration.
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Lee, Sang Suk, and Jerome S. Osteryoung. "Start-Up Business Evaluation Model Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 3 (August 2002): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299213.
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This study develops a start-up business evaluation model for small and medium-sized firms using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The intention is to provide a feasibility test for start-up businesses by calculating the relative weights of the various success factors in new entrepreneurial firms, and thus to develop a methodology for measuring the Start-up Business Index (SBI). The paper focuses on determinants in the start-up process of successful businesses in the USA and Korea that are considered by the entrepreneurs as having been necessary factors in their success.
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Pinfold, John F. "New Business Start-ups: The More The Better?" Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 8, no. 4 (October 1997): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9700800403.
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The importance of new ventures in the economic process is well established and many governments embark on programs designed to stimulate new businesses start-ups in the belief that increasing the number of new businesses will have a positive impact. Much effort is expended in trying to reduce the failure rate of businesses, usually based on the belief that failure is the result of rectifiable shortcomings within a business, particularly a failure in management. This paper looks at start-up businesses in New Zealand for the period 1987 to 1994. It shows that during the period studied, 5.75 times as many new businesses started up as the economy was able to absorb, and argues that this large oversupply is the underlying cause of the high rate of business failure. Conventional methods aimed at reducing business failure are therefore incapable of reducing the failure rate, they merely help decide who the survivors will be. The paper argues that, in New Zealand, programs aimed at increasing the volume of new business start-ups are misguided and that it is impossible for the economy to absorb the volume of new firms entering the market. It seems likely that a similar situation exists in other western countries and that public policy efforts would be better directed at improving the quality of start-ups rather than the quantity.
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Nawel, Irayen, and Latroche Amina. "START - UP COMPANY AND BUSINESS INCUBATORS. WHAT ECONOMIC VALUE?" Revue Européenne du Droit Social 53, no. 4 (September 12, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.53.4.039.
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This article addresses the issue of start-ups representing a new economic model through their business role, as well as business incubators that combine the entrepreneurship of start-ups with the resources that are usually available for new business activities, which calls for research into the concept of start-ups and business incubators and their importance in the national economy of any country.
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Kolvereid, Lars, and Espen Isaksen. "New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment." Journal of Business Venturing 21, no. 6 (November 2006): 866–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.06.008.
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Lange, Julian E., Aleksandar Mollov, Michael Pearlmutter, Sunil Singh, and William D. Bygrave. "Pre-start-up formal business plans and post-start-up performance: A study of 116 new ventures." Venture Capital 9, no. 4 (October 2007): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691060701414840.
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Atherton, Andrew. "Preparing for business start‐up: “pre‐start” activities in the new venture creation dynamic." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 14, no. 3 (August 14, 2007): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000710773510.
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Ullah, Farid, Md Zillur Rahman, Robert Smith, and Ahmed Beloucif. "What influences ethnic entrepreneurs’ decision to start-up." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 1081–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-12-2015-0182.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore some key factors that influences ethnic entrepreneur’s decision in starting-up a new business in Aberdeen, Scotland. Design/methodology/approach The authors set out to investigate the motives, drivers and attitudes of ethnic minorities in seeking entrepreneurial opportunities. The authors conduct in-depth face-to-face interviews with 25 ethnic entrepreneurs from a variety of nationalities and cultures originating mainly from the Indian subcontinent region. This includes entrepreneurs from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and some others. The motivations varies according to their culture, traditions, religion and other environmental factors influencing on their decision to start-up. Findings The results reveal some interesting influential factors that lead to the successful start-up decision. These include a positive mindset, self-efficacy, strong determination, knowing of the market and local business culture and good financial management. Originality/value This paper is based on empirical research and new data have been collected specifically for this research. The authors hope the new findings from this research work will enhance the understanding about ethnic minority businesses in the context of Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Kraus, Sascha, and Erich Schwarz. "The role of pre-start-up planning in new small business." International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 4, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2007.011452.
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Islam, Serazul. "Start‐up and growth constraints on small‐scale trading in Bangladesh." Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship 1, no. 3 (October 23, 2009): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561390910999515.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ascertain the reasons for starting the new small business by the people and also to find out the difficulties they experienced at the time of and after starting their business at Pabna and Gazipur – two districts of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachTo attain the objectives, both primary and secondary data have been used. To collect the primary data, an interview schedule has been used to interview the selected 250 small entrepreneurs. For secondary sources, the journal, article, web site, textbooks, etc. have been consulted.FindingsThe paper reveals that money earning for family, self‐employment, relief from the curse of unemployment, family business tradition, previous experience of the similar or different line of business, lack of higher formal education, etc. are the broad general reasons for start‐up of new business. Shortage of fixed and working capital, lack of training and business skill, lack of collateral free institutional support, lack of experienced and reliable employees, etc. are the common factors that inhibit the entrepreneurs to start and run their business smoothly.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to two districts and trading enterprises only. Owing to time and resource constraints and non‐availability of official records of the number of small‐scale traders, statistically representative sampling cannot be chosen. In order to capture a large sample size, almost all trading concerns of Pabna and Gazipur will have to be visited, which is almost impossible. However, some of the limitations are overcome by synthesizing information from a number of sources. The present paper provides a starting‐point for further research in the small‐scale trading of suburban areas of other districts.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information about the starting of new small businesses and initial difficulties.
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Regis, Ferron. "Facilitating a soft landing for new start-up companies in Algeria developed by innovative entrepreneurs." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 18, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00012_1.
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Abstract As a result of incentive policies, a significant number of young entrepreneurs are setting up a business in Algeria every year. The majority of these new businesses are very small and/or one-man businesses. Many of them turned out to be unsuccessful despite of some entrepreneurs having been innovative. There are also many repatriated entrepreneurs (returners) who have tried to start a business in Algeria and have encountered similar difficulties and have therefore stopped their project midway. This article aims at understanding the impact of the Algerian legal and business frameworks on the entrepreneurial dynamic. Indeed, as a rule, it seems that for many years, the entrepreneurs encountered rigid administrative procedures and many difficulties in securing human resources and sufficient funds for starting. This research also investigates the factors that prevent entrepreneurs from continuing with their project. Our empirical investigation will focus more particularly on the entrepreneurs coming from the Algerian diaspora. This work demonstrates that entrepreneurs' perception about the business climate does not vary significantly on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea, despite the continued implementation of structural reforms. We intend to identify and analyse the problems faced by entrepreneurs in 2017 and the incidence of new business facilities in Algeria.
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Heydebrand, Wolf, and Annalisa Mirón. "Constructing Innovativeness in New-Media Start-Up Firms." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 11 (November 2002): 1951–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3558.
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We focus on the social construction of innovativeness in the context of project teams and interfirm networks among new-media start-up firms in Silicon Alley, Manhattan. The analysis is based on a total of thirty-four interviews with firm executives and other informants. A brief discussion of the historical and structural context of the research project is followed by an exposition of the theoretical framework, that is, the theory of industrial districts and the hypothesized connection between innovativeness and interactivity. In each of the three subsequent sections of the paper, the empirical findings are presented and analyzed: the grounded conceptions of innovativeness, the two main variants of project organization (self-organized versus managerially coordinated project teams), and the varieties of interfirm networks such as transactional and mixed networks. Other networking practices documented are client relations and hiring. We consider the effect of state-level legal infrastructure and economic deregulation on the business culture of interfirm networking, information sharing, and innovativeness.
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Fairlie, Robert W., Javier Miranda, and Nikolas Zolas. "Measuring Job Creation, Growth, and Survival among the Universe of Start-ups in the United States Using a Combined Start-up Panel Data Set." ILR Review 72, no. 5 (July 12, 2019): 1262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919862764.
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The field of entrepreneurship is growing rapidly and expanding into new areas. This article presents a new compilation of administrative panel data on the universe of business start-ups in the United States, which will be useful for future research in entrepreneurship. To create the US start-up panel data set, the authors link the universe of non-employer firms to the universe of employer firms in the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). Start-up cohorts of more than five million new businesses per year, which create roughly three million jobs, can be tracked over time. To illustrate the potential of the new start-up panel data set for future research, the authors provide descriptive statistics for a few examples of research topics using a representative start-up cohort.
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Slávik, Štefan. "The Business Model of Start-Up—Structure and Consequences." Administrative Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9030069.
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A start-up already at its origin has to solve the crucial existential condition that is a viable business model. The purpose of the research is to deepen and expand the knowledge about the structure of the start-up business model and its impact on entrepreneurial performance. Field research was carried out in three stages over one and a half years. The source of knowledge about the studied start-ups has been the personal experience recorded in the questionnaire. Start-ups are small closed communities that do not sufficiently shape external partnerships, cannot reach the customers, although they can identify them well enough, try to improve the business model blocks but they do not pay attention to their coordination and perceive the monetization in a simplified way. The impact of the business model on start-up performance has been confirmed but the internal blocks affect business performance unambiguously over the three stages of the research. The best conversion of users to customers and subsequently to revenues are distinctive for the start-ups with their own simple distribution channel and partners who are experienced distributors. The lessons learned can directly improve the results of start-ups when their incompleteness and imperfection will be substituted by appropriate partners. Start-ups provide a space for the new jobs and the self-realization of ambitious people with a sense of service for society. Empirical research on start-ups identifies their weaknesses and possibilities to increase their entrepreneurial performance.
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Dong, Huijian. "Competitive Advantage of Intrapreneurs in Start-up Business: A Dynamic Model." Journal of Business 1, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/job.v1i4.24.
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Intrapreneurs, defined as the active and creative force in the entrepreneurs, starts new business as projects, groups, or departments within an existing firm. They represent the frontier of innovation in a current standing firm and explore new growth points for the hosting organization. On the other side, entrepreneurs that start new business compete with intrapreneurs in the same pool of potential clients in the broad market. This paper attempts to explore the competitive advantages of intrapreneurs relative to entrepreneurs when starting a new area of business. The paper employs a dynamic model to identify the necessary conditions that intrapreneurs ought to be endowed to dominate entrepreneurs. This study also identifies the conditions of providing innovation-friendly environment for intrapreneurs to dominate entrepreneurs.</span></p>
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Agnete Alsos, Gry, Elisabet Ljunggren, and Liv Toril Pettersen. "Farm‐based entrepreneurs: what triggers the start‐up of new business activities?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 10, no. 4 (December 2003): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000310504747.
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Mawardi, Alfiandi Imam. "An Opportunity: Growing of Financial Technology to Stimulate Sharing Economy in East Java." Journal of Economics, Business, and Government Challenges 1, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ebgc.v1i2.22.
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This paper analyzes the phenomenon of financial technology starts tochange conventional financial institution for helping economic development, which the financial technology more likely start-up company is the innovative solution of funding on this country. Financial technology on online-based business offers new opportunities, new investment trends and new funding resources such as lending and capital rising, wealth management and insurance, payment and financial research. I apply generalized method of moment approach on startup company data on financial technology that shows business models and the result shows that financial technology can synergy with financial institution will increase the sharing economy in East Java. Under a competitive industry, financial technology should improve their accountability, accessibility, and reliability to persuade other start-up businesses to growth up together. This paper explains what existing financial technology business model to help start-up business in Indonesia today and how financial technologies to realize good sharing economy in this East Java.
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Huyhebaert, Nancy, Ann Gaeremynck, Filip Roodhooft, and Linda M. Van de Gucht. "New Firm Survival: The Effects of Start-up Characteristics." Journal of Business Finance Accounting 27, no. 5&6 (June 2000): 627–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00328.
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Jin, Chang-Hyun. "The effect of psychological capital on start-up intention among young start-up entrepreneurs." Chinese Management Studies 11, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 707–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-06-2017-0162.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the effects of the positive psychological capital of young start-up entrepreneurs on start-up intention and entrepreneurial performance and examines variations in the relationship when measures based on Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions model are applied. This study aimed to analyze whether the sub-factors comprising positive psychological capital differ across distinct groups, thereby enhancing the effects on start-up intention and entrepreneurial performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a total of 600 young start-up entrepreneurs from China (n = 300) and Korea (n = 300) to examine the relationship between psychological capital and start-up intention on entrepreneurial performance. To test the hypotheses, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with covariance structure analysis was conducted using EQS6b. Findings The results of the CFA show that sub-factors that comprise positive psychological capital, namely, hope, resilience and self-efficacy, were found to have positive effects on start-up intention. However, another sub-factor, optimism, did not have a significant effect on start-up intention. In addition, the positive psychological capital of young start-up entrepreneurs was found to be closely related to start-up intention. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study is that it fails to cover a wide range of concepts associated with psychological capital. There are likely many concepts that factor into understanding psychological capital beyond trust, the sharing of core values and the sharing of knowledge. In the future, systematic studies need to be conducted on models that review the roles of a wide range of explanatory variables for psychological capital. Practical implications The implications of this study apply in two areas. First, the academic implications involve the evaluation of psychological capital. Psychological capital is not being studied as widely as it should be in many areas of management and financial studies. Even though intrinsic factors such as psychological capital are core marketing concepts that cannot be neglected by today’s enterprises and CEOs, theories and empirical studies on these factors have made little progress. Under such circumstances, this study represents an opportunity to advance the theoretical discussion by presenting and examining new intrinsic factors associated with young start-up entrepreneurs from the perspectives of the managerial mindset, personnel management and marketing capabilities. Social implications In the early stages of the introduction of psychological capital, studies focused on the meaning of research, the development of valid measurement tools and strategies for developing psychological capital. This paper presents an empirical study on the relationship between several variables related to the positive psychological capital of entrepreneurs, start-up intention and entrepreneurial performance. On the individual level, this study focused on the relationship between psychological capital and start-up intention and entrepreneurial performance, respectively. Originality/value Existing studies on psychological capital have focused mainly on positive organizational behavior. In the early stages of the introduction of psychological capital, studies focused on the meaning of research, the development of valid measurement tools and strategies for developing psychological capital. This paper presents an empirical study on the relationship between several variables related to the positive psychological capital of entrepreneurs, start-up intention and entrepreneurial performance.
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Merikoski, Helena, Paula Savolainen, and Jarmo J. Ahonen. "Suppliers’ software development project start-up practices." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 10, no. 4 (September 5, 2017): 880–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-10-2016-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a life cycle phase of a software development project which is substantial for the success of the project. This paper visualizes the project start-up phase from suppliers’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The method is a theory building from case studies. The data were collected from three software supplier firms by conducting process modeling separately in each firm. Findings The study resulted in a model of a supplier’s software project start-up which includes start-up practices and involved roles. The results indicate that project start-up is an integral and structured phase of project life cycle, which influences the execution of a software development project, especially from the supplier’s perspective in the project business context. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on the start-up phase of software development projects delivered to external customers. Therefore, developed project start-up model is applicable as such in software supplier firms. Practical implications The project start-up model presented in this paper indicates that project start-up is a complex and multi-dimensional activity in a supplier firm. This study suggests that if the project start-up phase is clearly defined, planned and followed in a supplier firm, it reduces confusion and miscommunication among the people involved in the project and helps to achieve the business goals of a project. Originality/value This study emphasizes that it is necessary to make a distinction between the perspectives of the customer and the supplier when studying projects in the project business context. The findings contribute the new knowledge for managing outsourced software development projects.
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Cristescu, Marian Pompiliu, and Cosmin Tileagă. "It Application Modules Like “Must Have” for Business Start-Ups." Scientific Bulletin 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsaft-2015-0005.
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Abstract In this paper there are presented the main modules of some applications that represent the future of IT for start-up businesses, depending on what is essential, compulsory and important for this type of businesses. IT applications modules, described in the following paper, definitely belong to the IT department of any new business. The basic applications that any company obligatory needs are: office software, financial-accounting applications, online banking and so on. Only in exceptional cases, the giving up of certain modules, which are specific to “must have” applications, should be taken into account, such as certain marketing activities on the internet. In this paper the word, “start-up” does not refer to “start-ups” in IT. This paper is about those people who want to start a business, those who are at the beginning and have nothing to do with the IT sphere.
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Bansal, Shagun, Inakshi Kapur, Anjani Kumar Singh, and Piyush Verma. "“Bookmysurprise”: navigating through the predicament of a start-up." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2021-0062.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper are as follows: to identify the pros and cons of waged employment and entrepreneurship, to identify the contextual factors influencing entrepreneurship, to set up a new venture, namely, steps, challenges involved and decision-making process, to scale up a small business; when, how and where? And to tradeoff required for scaling up a small business. Case overview/synopsis Pooja, a young management graduate from Varanasi, decided to overcome all challenges and barriers faced by a women entrepreneur and chase her lifelong dream of creating her own event management startup. After having achieved phenomenal success in a short period of time within the city, she began to receive interest from neighbouring cities as well. The decision to scale up operations was particularly difficult for Pooja, as she had funded the venture through her personal funds and personally nurtured the business and her team based on the values of quality and creativity. Like any small business, she had to decide what level of trade-off was required between scaling and dilution of control over the operations. Complexity academic level The case study is applicable for students of management. The learnings from the case can be applied by an individual who is looking to start a business or expand one. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Cosenz, Federico. "Supporting start-up business model design through system dynamics modelling." Management Decision 55, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2016-0395.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how system dynamics (SD) modelling can provide a methodological support to business model (BM) design with the intent to better communicate business strategy and manage performance. Design/methodology/approach After a literature review of the field and an analysis of the strengths and limitations of conventional BM frameworks, the paper illustrates and discusses an approach that combines such a framework with SD modelling. A single-case study design was selected to explore the implications and limitations of using this combined approach to business modelling. Findings The methodological support provided by SD to BM design may effectively improve business strategy communication and performance management through both the adoption of a systemic and flexible perspective able to identify and analyse the main cause-and-effect relationships between the key-elements of the business strategy, and the use of a simulation technique that contributes in understanding how a firm operates, and its prospective performance over time. Originality/value Growing interest for BMs appears in the recent strategic management literature with research highlighting strengths and shortcomings. However, few attempts have been produced to overcome such limitations, while the adoption of SD is relatively new in supporting BM design.
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Lisi, Gaetano. "Does Firm Size Matter? The Impact of Homeownership on Business Start-up in Italy." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 65, Issue 3 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.65.3.237.
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Abstract This paper is the first attempt to empirically test the relationship between homeownership and business start-up by putting emphasis on the characteristics of both homeowners and firms. It relies on the fact that the firm size is relevant when considering the relationship between homeownership (outright or with mortgage) and new enterprises (small-sized or medium- and large-sized). A cross-section analysis of Italy supports our hypothesis that firm size matters in estimating the actual effect of homeownership on business start-up: Homeownership has a negative effect on large-sized business start-up; in contrast, outright homeownership has a positive effect on small business start-up, whereas homeownership with mortgage payments has a negative effect only on small business start-up. Theoretical explanations are also provided. JEL Classifications: C31, L25, L26, M13, R21, R31 firm size, business start-up, homeownership
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Ronald, Martin Onsiro. "The Influence of Financial Resources on the Success of Start-up Business in Kenya." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 8, no. 2 (September 10, 2017): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v8.n2.p8.
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<p>It is true that no new business succeeds without a detailed and thorough business plan. A complete plan identifies and quantifies the capital that is likely to be required to reach break-even and beyond. Accounting as a business function and innovative activity has to be understood by entrepreneurs as it provides clear picture of the business success. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the relationship that exists between availability of financial resources and success of new startup business. The objectives were to examine financial sources influencing success of startup business. Government programmes in place, motivating factors as well as obstacles to success of startup business. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches where descriptive design was used to achieve the study objectives. A sample of 25 was taken from the study area. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument for this study. The study found out that majority of new business use family and friends loan to finance their business. Majority disagreed that there are government programmes that support startup business. Access to finance and legal regulations posted as the most obstacles business is facing. Majority of respondents also reported that opportunity of having job and earning money as the main motivating factor to start new business. The study recommends the government should come up with new innovative programmes that will support startup business. The study concludes that for any business to succeed, regardless of industry or size, has to identify proper sources of finance with government support and proper accounting tools needs to be adopted. </p>
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Fatoki, Olawale. "Pre-start Up Formal Business Planning by New Immigrant Entrepreneurs in South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences 44, no. 2-3 (August 2015): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893468.
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Johnson, David, and Rosa Suet Fan Ma. "A Method for Selecting and Training Entrants on New Business Start-up Programmes." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 13, no. 3 (April 1995): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242695133005.
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Pietrobon, Alberto. "Resourcing Lab Experiments for New Ventures: The Potential of a Start-up Database." Industry and Higher Education 23, no. 2 (April 2009): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009788146638.
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Curley and Formica introduce a new concept for high-expectation start-ups, involving the use of ‘laboratory experiments’. These experiments prepare potential entrepreneurs for the challenges they will face by providing a combination of interactive business experience and an opportunity to deepen their knowledge of their future markets. This article argues that a database providing information about previous start-ups could be of great use to the would-be entrepreneur and would enhance the value of the experimental phase. The database would provide instant access to information that would contribute to the experimental process. Ready access to the histories of previous start-ups would help new entrepreneurs to learn from the successes and failures of others. In this respect it would increase their chances of turning their ambitious business ideas into practical realities outside the simulation bubble.
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Uhlich, Stefan A., and Magdalena Missler-Behr. "Awareness of Start-up Opportunities at Brandenburg University of Technology." Industry and Higher Education 27, no. 5 (October 2013): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0169.
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Small and medium-sized businesses are generally considered to be a key driving force in national economies. In comparison with other countries, the percentage of nascent entrepreneurs in Germany is small. This has been attributed to a lack of entrepreneurial awareness, which can be created and developed in schools and higher education institutions. The importance of intensifying the teaching and training of entrepreneurial skills has therefore often been stressed. Two different courses on entrepreneurship – a traditional lecture course and an advanced seminar course – are offered in the summer term at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus. Two surveys were conducted in 2010 for each course, to measure the change in the students' willingness to start a business and thus to gain insights into the effect of entrepreneurship education on ‘founding’ awareness – that is, awareness of the process and demands of entrepreneurial start-ups. Analysis of the survey data was designed to identify (a) whether a change in students' founding propensity can be achieved through entrepreneurship education; (b) what type of course is best suited to introducing students to the idea of self-employment; and (c) whether specific groups of students can benefit from different types of courses. The research results suggest a positive change occurred in participants' stereotypically pessimistic perception of the German climate with regard to new start-up businesses. Some who had never thought about becoming an entrepreneur discovered a personal affinity for this career option. An unexpected finding was that the level of interest in start-up businesses of many students who had originally planned to establish such a business gradually declined. The authors conclude that entrepreneurship education should be offered primarily to advanced students, in order to derive maximum benefit.
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Luo, Tian, and Amar Mann. "High-Tech Business Survivorship: An Analysis By Organization Type." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v9i10.5948.
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Previous studies have shown that organizational and environmental factors such as start-up size, number of establishments, start-up year, geographic location, and industry are all significant determinants of a businesss survival rate. However, the link between survival rates and the legal structure of businesses has not been established. This analysis of new and existing high-tech businesses between the years of 1998 and 2009 reveals that given the same organizational characteristics and environmental factors, businesses legally structured as sole proprietorships and partnerships had significantly lower survival rates than did businesses structured as corporations or other organization types. Corporations had the lowest mortality rate among all groups. In comparison, partnerships exited at a 50 percent higher rate than did corporations, while sole proprietorships exited at twice the rate of corporations. This paper models hazard rates over the lifetime of a business and shows that businesses tend to have the highest mortality rates in their second and third years of operation, after which exit rates decrease at a logarithmic rate. Sole proprietorships, however, do not follow this trend as their mortality rate was highest in their first year of operation. In addition, impacts on survivorship of high-tech businesses due to start-up size, number of establishments, industry, and location are measured and compared with findings from previous studies.
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Galpin, Timothy, and Julia Hebard. "Sustainability in start-up ventures: what founders say versus what they do." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-05-2015-0025.
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Purpose – Although founders of start-up ventures seem to hold similar views about ethical, social, and environmental principles as those in large firms, entrepreneurs tend to be focussed on their immediate stakeholders, including customers, employees, suppliers, and investors. The purpose of this paper is to compare founders’ views – “what they say” – about sustainable business practices to their described business models – “what they do.” Design/methodology/approach – An opinion survey of prospective business start-up founders, along with a content analysis of their business plans, is used to compare founders’ views – “what they say” – about sustainable business practices to their described business models – “what they do.” Findings – Findings suggest that prospective business founders do value sustainable business practices. However, the content of their business models does not reflect their espoused importance of sustainability. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is that university students in a business-planning course were used as surrogates for actual start-up venture founders. That being the case, a small percentage (just under 5 percent) of the students indicated at the end of the course that they would like to continue pursuing the venture they helped develop a business plan for. To address this, future research should focus on actual founders of new ventures. Practical implications – The content analysis of the business plans revealed a marked disconnect between the high-value founders reported to place on sustainability and the actual limited inclusion of sustainability in their business models. Therefore, more work needs to be done to educate, encourage, and coach start-up founders to raise their awareness of and desire to include sustainability as key parts of their business models. Originality/value – To date, no studies have attempted to compare start-up venture founders’ views – “what they say” – about sustainable business practices to their described business models – “what they do.”
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F. A., Alabi. "A Study on the Relationship Between New Business Start Up and Micro Credit Institution and Business Growth of Small Scale Enterprises." Business Management and Strategy 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v10i1.14533.
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This academic study evaluates the evaluate the relationship between new business start up and micro credit institution and business growth of small scale enterprises that operates in six states that made up the South-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study, which is based on descriptive research methodology, involved the use of data from both primary and secondary sources. The stratified sampling technique was used for determining the sample population, while well structured questionnaires was used as the main tool for collection of primary data. The Microfinance Bank records of clients served as the main source of secondary data for this study. Both the descriptive and inferential analytical techniques of the SPSS packaged were used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents. The results indicated significant relationship between new business start-ups and business growth of Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs). The findings also revealed that increasing the start-up capital will increase the chances of business survival and growth. Consequently, we recommend that the federal, state and local government should create lending programs that will enable aspiring entrepreneurs to have more access to microcredit. We also suggest that Nigerian government should enact laws and implement policies that will make it easier for small scale entrepreneurs to obtain finance necessary for the expansion of their businesses.
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Irwansyah, Irwansyah, Ardi Paminto, Yana Ulfah, Muhammad Ikbal, and Dio Caisar Darma. "FAMILY BUSINESS BACKGROUND AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT AT UNIVERSITY ON STUDENTS INTENTION TO START-UP NEW BUSINESS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9213.
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Purpose of the study: Entrepreneurship is one of the drivers of the national economy, youth and students are the main driving force for forming young entrepreneurs. Our research aimed at examining the students' intention towards action becoming an entrepreneur which is moderated by several factors, namely the background of family business ownership and the entrepreneurial university environment.
Methodology: Data collection by using survey methods, with samples of students in several universities in Indonesia. From January 2020 to April 2020 there were 983 questionnaires sent by email, which apps or Instagram accounts owned by respondents. As many as 983 questionnaires were distributed, only 234 questionnaires returned, and 187 completed questionnaires and can be used.
Main Findings: The analysis results showed variable of perceived desirability positively and have a significant effect on the intention to be entrepreneurial, while perceived feasibility does not have a significant effect on the respondents' intention for entrepreneurship, then the entrepreneurial intention describes the actions taken to implement the intention become entrepreneurs in the future. In the third stage, generate negative moderating effects from a family business background and not significant, as well as the entrepreneurial university environment produces positive but not significant moderating effects.
Applications of this study: We used the planned behaviour theory an effort to test the intentions and desires of student entrepreneurship which are moderated by two factors.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents problems regarding family business, entrepreneurship within the University, and students' intentions in starting a business. The study object, analysis model, and study results show differences from previous studies, so it is very interesting to be used as references in the future.
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Mariani, Giovanna. "University as new entrepreneurial finance player: A search for the new role." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 4 (2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i4_p3.
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The European strategy is to promote new businesses as a real driver of economic growth, but also to support their growth and resilience. A typical kind of new business is the academic start-up (ASU) that can play a strategic role in their local economy. This paper aims to contribute to the lively debate about the universities policies in entrepreneurial finance. In the first part, it investigates the strengths and weaknesses of academic start-ups and the role that universities have to support them in value creation. The authors tested the research questions on a sample of start-ups of the University of Pisa. The findings show important financial and not-financial goals of academic start-ups. These goals can fuel the dialogue with entrepreneurial finance players. Furthermore, the research shows some ASUs’ vulnerabilities. In conclusion, the role of universities as new entrepreneurial players is discussed.
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Li, Cai, Naveed Ahmed, Sikandar Ali Qalati, Asadullah Khan, and Shumaila Naz. "Role of Business Incubators as a Tool for Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Business Start-Up and Government Regulations." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051822.
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Business incubators create value by combining the entrepreneurial spirit of start-ups with the resources that are typically available to new businesses. It is widely recognized that knowledge-based entrepreneurial companies are the main creators of economic growth, and such enterprises require special business development services. Therefore, the study aims to examine the role of business incubators in providing greater services (networking services, capital support, and training programs) in entrepreneurship development. Secondly, it also examines the mediating and moderating role of business start-up and government regulations for entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative methodology, we examine 567 samples through structural equation modeling. We find that the business incubators are playing an effective mediating role in providing networking services, capital support, and training programs to individuals and entrepreneurs, which are significant for entrepreneurship development, whereas business start-up positively mediates the relationship between networking services, capital support, training programs, and entrepreneurship development. Government regulations for entrepreneurship have a direct effect on entrepreneurship development. More importantly, government regulations for entrepreneurship have a positive moderating effect between business start-up and entrepreneurship development. Our study identifies the critical resources needed to improve the quality of business incubators and to ensure the availability of such resources to improve entrepreneurship development.
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Bergset, Linda. "Green start-up finance – where do particular challenges lie?" International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 451–575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2015-0260.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed some new light on the entrepreneurial finance of green start-ups, for which there has been little quantitative empirical evidence thus far. It explores what challenges green start-ups might experience when it comes to financial access. Design/methodology/approach The paper includes a survey of start-ups in Finland, Germany and Sweden and the separate evaluation of the “greenness” of participating companies’ product/service portfolios based on Eurostat’s Environmental Goods and Service Sector classification. A logistic regression is carried out for different company phases for two measures of challenges (“difficulty accessing finance” and “rejection by investor/funder”). Findings Green start-ups as an overall group cannot be said to have more challenges in access to finance. Particularly, a lack in business education and a high level of innovativeness, however, seem to be lead to more challenges for green start-ups in accessing finance compared to other start-ups. Research limitations/implications Further research might seek to identify which exact characteristics of innovative green start-ups lead to challenges in financial access, i.e. is it individual factors such as high risk levels, high investment sums, long development periods or a low return prospect – or is it rather a combination? It might, furthermore, be rewarding to investigate whether “interventions” of business-related training might reduce challenges. Social implications Suggestions are made for improved policy support to sustainable entrepreneurship in the case of green start-ups. Originality/value This research paper provides quantitative empirical analysis in a new research area, which has previously been predominantly theory based with some anecdotal observations as well as some early qualitative research.
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Laptev, Georgiy, and Dmitriy Shaytan. "Breakthrough Product Development in Mature Company." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2015, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201535.
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Situational approach in management and continuous experimentation becomes a style of doing business for creators of breakthrough new products and innovative start-up companies. A company that successfully started with a breakthrough product, and developed into successful structured business, after some time, would start to lose its ability to create breakthrough new products. Internal corporate procedures and business processes, including the process of creating a new product become more formalized. Exploratory type of works at the initial stage, full of uncertainties in the process of new product development, is poorly formalized and requires flexible approach in management. Creative chaos that was on a start-up stage and that feed teams with fresh ideas disappears. Fireplace for creativity fades. Loss of this competitiveness is a serious argument to develop new approaches to arrange process of creating new products in a mature stage of business development. In the article based on experience in new product development we explore this actual problem and propose a novel approach for the passage of the high uncertainty stage, called “the fuzzy front end of innovation”, to create innovative products in matured businesses.
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Miller, Andrea, Shane Scahill, and Lorraine Warren. "Investor motivations of a New Zealand biopharma start-up: Angels and crowdfunders." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 20, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750319877391.
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The process of funding any start-up can be a complicated process, with a range of options depending on the nature and stage of the enterprise. This article compares the motivations of Business Angels with equity-based crowdfunders of a New Zealand start-up biopharma company, XYZ, who were developing a therapy for a specific disease. The study finds that contrary to previous research, nonfinancial rewards do play a role in crowdfunding investments. Our results are based on a survey, founded on an Investment Motivational Model (4Ps) with components including Philanthropy, People, Product, and Profit.
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Adamu, Muhammad, and Mahani Mohammad Abdu Shakur. "The Relationships of Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence for Motivation in Self-Employment: A Mediation of Entrepreneurial Motivation in Nigeria." International Journal of Business and Management Future 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v2i1.119.
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The aim of this article is to investigate the motivation of potential entrepreneurs toward the realization of a new business creation. Universally, it is evident that the motivation of potential entrepreneur stem from both the individual factors and the environment matched together to trigger entrepreneurial motivation. The Vroom’s Expectancy Motivation Theory explains self-employment in terms of an individual’s motivation and ability to start a business. Businesses are created by those with the motivation and capability to realize it. Based on the Vroom’s expectancy motivation theory (1964), the new business start-up specific expectancy, instrumentality and valence are key components of entrepreneurial motivation and this translates into the efforts, behavior sand performance that would in the end lead to a new business start-up among the potential entrepreneurs. The methodology used in this research was based on a positivist philosophy that entails a deductive approach with a quantitative technique through a cross-sectional survey. The data were collected with a questionnaire as an instrument for the survey. To attain the objectives of this research, the data of this study were analyzed using PLS-SEM Path Algorithms, Bootstrap path coefficients and Sobel test statistics. The statistical significance of relevant path coefficients that are fundamental in measuring self-employment among potential entrepreneurs were assessed and evaluated. The results confirm the supposition that expectancy, instrumentality and valence enhance entrepreneurial motivation for a new business start-up. Furthermore, external factors such as vocational training, machinery/equipment and ICT’s were also significantly found to exert an impact on the potential entrepreneur’s new venture creation.
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Slávik, Štefan. "Business ideas in start-ups." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301063.
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Start-up is a modern entrepreneurship form designed to realize original business ideas, mostly based on new technologies and the Internet. It evolves in the development cycle, which is determined by the business idea development cycle and the financing cycle. The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the business idea. The business idea is characterized by its content, circumstances of its origin, degree of originality and evidence of this originality. Start-ups are dominated by business ideas based on the application of information and communication technologies, the business idea is most often created by combining professional and business experience, but its originality is from the international point of view only average and the level of legal protection is quite rare.
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Nguyen, Bach. "Is a bit more experience bad? The role of entrepreneurial experience on investment rate." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 6 (September 2, 2019): 1166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-06-2018-0375.
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Purpose This study investigates the influence of entrepreneurial experience on small business investment. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether entrepreneurs with more prior start-up experience are better able to identify business opportunities and successfully transform these opportunities into investment projects. Design/methodology/approach The empirical setting in this study is Vietnam. The authors employ a panel data of small businesses (mostly households) from 2005 to 2013, and use a fixed effect method to estimate the regression coefficients. The results are also re-checked using the general method of moments and matching technique. Findings Empirically, it is found that entrepreneurial experience is an important determinant of investment decisions. Specifically, entrepreneurs with one start-up experience make more investments than novice entrepreneurs. However, entrepreneurs with more than one start-up experience do not make more investments than entrepreneurs with one start-up experience. Research limitations/implications This is country-specific research. Further study may employ data from multi-countries to re-test the validity of the hypotheses. Originality/value This study provides a new perspective for analysing the role of entrepreneurial experience on entrepreneurial investments. It shows that prior start-up experience may turn out to be a liability to entrepreneurs since it restricts their ability to identify new opportunities.
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Kolvereid, Lars. "Preference for self-employment." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, no. 2 (May 2016): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316648576.
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The preference for self-employment varies much between countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the preference for self-employment, new business start-up intentions and actual start-up efforts. This research is an application of the theory of planned behaviour. Data were collected using telephone interviews from a representative sample of Norwegian adults aged 18–64 years. The results support the theory, showing that the preference for self-employment, together with measures of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, predicts business start-up intentions. These intentions, in turn, together with perceived behavioural control, predict involvement in business start-up efforts. This study has important implications for policymakers and future research.
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Turcan, Romeo V., and Anita Juho. "What happens to international new ventures beyond start-up: An exploratory study." Journal of International Entrepreneurship 12, no. 2 (May 25, 2014): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-014-0124-6.
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Pavlov, P. "Second Start-up of Special Economic Zones in Russia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2010): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-8-69-75.
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In this article, problems and possibilities concerning the repeated introduction of the SEZ project to the Russian economy are considered. It is suggested to improve the legal organizational regulation of this institute on the basis of negative experience investigation regarding the previous SEZ, such as free economic zones. The author shows that the success of the quickest new type zones formation process will depend on creation and implementation of a single SEZ development concept. This concept will include the issues of the SEZ formation principles determination, zones areal location, their infrastructure development, control of the access to SEZ, arranging of business and economic activity in the zones.
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Audet, Josée, and Joseph Pegna. "New Product Development." Industry and Higher Education 15, no. 4 (August 2001): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000001101295759.
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Mechanical Engineering and Commerce students were teamed up with the task of developing a new product, using a patented technology provided by a corporate sponsor. The context in which students worked resembled a real business setting as the tasks to be performed were similar to those of a cross-functional team responsible for the design of a new product or of an entrepreneurial team involved in a high-technology start-up. Students rated the experience as very positive: it represented an opportunity to get a taste of the ‘real world’ and learn about both new product development and the venture start-up process. The corporate sponsor also benefited from the project as it revealed a new commercial application for the company's patented technology.
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Yasir, Muhammad, Abdul Majid, and Muhammad Yasir. "Entrepreneurial knowledge and start-up behavior in a turbulent environment." Journal of Management Development 36, no. 9 (October 9, 2017): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2016-0193.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to refine the relationship between environmental turbulence and start-up behavior by considering entrepreneurial-related antecedents (alertness to business ideas, entrepreneurial opportunities, and intention toward entrepreneurship) and moderating roles of entrepreneurial knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted through a self-administered survey of owner/managers of SMEs in Pakistan. Correlation, moderated hierarchical regression, and structural equation modeling approach were used for the analysis. Findings The results revealed that environmental turbulence positively affects the alertness to business ideas and entrepreneurial opportunities which, in turn, affect intention toward entrepreneurship. The results also suggested that entrepreneurial knowledge significantly moderates the relationship between intention toward entrepreneurship and start-up behavior. Research limitations/implications The changes in the market and technologies which shape the entrepreneurial behavior toward start-up activities should be longitudinally observed. The research data came from the owner/managers of SMEs industries; therefore, the findings may not be generalized to other sectors due to industry-specific difference. Practical implications The positive impact of environmental turbulence suggests that turbulence is a presentiment signal, calling upon the entrepreneurs to collect meaningful information as well as identify new opportunities and adjust their capabilities for any challenges and changes ahead. Originality/value The study confirmed the positive impact of environmental turbulence toward the creation of new ventures in the context of developing economies as well as the moderating role of entrepreneurial knowledge on the relationship between intention toward entrepreneurship and start-up behavior in small and medium enterprises.
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Curley, Martin, and Piero Formica. "Designing Creative Spaces for Idea Generation and Start-up Experiments." Industry and Higher Education 27, no. 1 (February 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0135.
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The role of universities is changing. In the last century the primary focus of universities was on education and research, with the key goals of creating and diffusing information and knowledge. A third and equally important role is now emerging, with its accompanying expectations and responsibilities – that of value creation. ‘Value’ in this context refers to both business value and societal value. With tertiary sector funding coming under increasing scrutiny, governments and the public alike are demanding more accountability and proof of added value from universities. A ‘university ecosystem’ approach can unleash much of the potential energy in universities and transform it into kinetic energy, with graduates emerging not just in a state of readiness to be employees, but often as highly motivated entrepreneurs with business or social innovation initiatives in flight. An ecosystem can be defined in this context as a network of interdependent organizations or people in a specific environment with partly shared perspectives, resources, aspirations and directions. This new form of positioning equates to what Etzkowitz (2004) and Andersson et al (2010) have called the ‘entrepreneurial university’.
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S, Indhu Math, and Priyadharshini M. "National level conferernce on impact of startups on indian economic growth." Journal of Management and Science 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2019.23.
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Start-up means give a new start to any industry. Particularly women start-up means the business or any other sector initiative made by women. For example women start-up in politics, engineering, etc,.In this paper we would like to share impact of women start-up in Indian economic growth. Over the years, Indian women have made a substantial impact and archived success across sector, both within the country and over as.
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B, ARUNKUMAR, and GURUNATHAN A. "Role of technopreneurs in indain context." Journal of Management and Science 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2019.33.
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Start-up is a basic thing that a person trying to do something real and new, it has high rates of failure, but the minority of successes includes companies that have evolved as giant and market setters. People who use technology for being entrepreneurs are called as technopreneurs, being born the risk in business in addition to being accomplished the achievement level in innovative and initiative a new kind of product and service to the community. India is enjoying with the fruitful result on the progress of start-up environment which it has been focusing for a long time, the best time for promoting the techno start-up to be apillar of strength in the forthcoming trends. The boom of technopreneurs of our nation had been targeted by the developed countries since 2010. A new benchmark may be set in heavily offering number of opportunities to extent the business, which is also a next level of the start-up environmentin the current scenario and the efforts are taken by the Indian Government. The Technopreneurship's growth and contribution to the start-up technopreneurs in Indian context are catered in this paper and in addition new schemes and well equipped technology parks will be effectuated for the goodness of the new start-up.
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Hanage, Richard, Jonathan M. Scott, and Mark A. P. Davies. "From “great expectations” to “hard times”." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2014-0135.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how digital creative graduates develop new businesses on graduating from university, and how their creative, business and personal lives interact until their nascent ventures fail financially. Design/methodology/approach – Seven digital creative nascent graduate entrepreneurs were followed for up to five years. Although independently assessed as having promise of business success, they were young and lacked business experience. They were followed through six-monthly semi-structured interviews which investigated their business, creative and personal development. The interviews were transcribed and key statements manually coded and extracted for analysis to identify issues, tipping points and outcomes. Findings – The primary contribution is the finding that, despite a promising beginning and very generous start-up support, all seven nascent ventures failed financially and most were closed down in favour of employment, particularly when personal issues such as parenthood sharpened the need for stable levels of income. The graduates demonstrated weaknesses in their commercial skills, especially selling (human capital) and insufficient utilization of networks (social capital) so that in the mainly mature low entry-barrier markets they were entering they were at a disadvantage from the outset. The research has also demonstrated the value of a real-time longitudinal qualitative approach to investigating businesses from business start-up to eventual exit. Practical implications – The insights gained have practical implications for start-up and survival support for creative graduate businesses, as well as raising issues about the effectiveness of postgraduate entrepreneurship education and cultural policy relating to this economically important sub-sector. Originality/value – The longitudinal approach has brought new insights and indicates several areas where more research would be valuable, especially in dealing with the consequences of unsuccessful nascent business ventures.