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1
Graubard, Stephen Richards. Public scholarship: A new perspective for the 21st century. [New York]: Carnegie Corp. of New York, 2004.
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2
The Ecole biblique and the New Testament: A century of scholarship, 1890-1990. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag, 1990.
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3
Adorno, Rolena. Guaman Poma and his illustrated chronicle from colonial Peru = Guaman Poma y su crØnica ilustrada del PerĐ colonial: From a century of scholarship to a new era of reading = un siglo de investigaciones hacia una nueva era de lectura. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1998.
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4
Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe, fl. 1613 and Kongelige Bibliotek (Denmark), eds. Guaman Poma and his illustrated chronicle from colonial Peru: From a century of scholarship to a new era of reading = Guaman Poma y su crónica ilustrada del Perú colonial : un siglo de investigaciones hacia una nueva era de lectura. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen & the Royal Library, 2001.
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5
Wolloch, Nathaniel. The Enlightenment's Animals. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987623.
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In The Enlightenment’s Animals Nathaniel Wolloch takes a broad view of changing conceptions of animals in European culture during the long eighteenth century. Combining discussions of intellectual history, the history of science, the history of historiography, the history of economic thought, and, not least, art history, this book describes how animals were discussed and conceived in different intellectual and artistic contexts underwent a dramatic shift during this period. While in the seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth century the main focus was on the sensory and cognitive characteristics of animals, during the late Enlightenment a new outlook emerged, emphasizing their conception as economic resources. Focusing particularly on seventeenth-century Dutch culture, and on the Scottish Enlightenment, Wolloch discusses developments in other countries as well, presenting a new look at a topic of increasing importance in modern scholarship.
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The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship (Jewish Studies in the 21st Century). NYU Press, 2007.
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7
Women and Judaism: New Insights and Scholarship (Jewish Studies in the Twenty-First Century). NYU Press, 2009.
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The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship (Jewish Studies in the Twenty-First Century). NYU Press, 2007.
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The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship (Jewish Studies in the Twenty-First Century). NYU Press, 2007.
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10
Adorno, Rolena. Guaman Poma and His Illustrated Chronicle from Colonial Peru: From a Century of Scholarship to a New Era of Reading. Museum Tusculanum, 2001.
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11
Biblical Scholarship and the Church (Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology and Biblical Studies). Ashgate Pub Co, 2007.
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12
Wester, Maisha, and Xavier Aldana Reyes, eds. Twenty-First-Century Gothic. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440929.001.0001.
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The first transnational and transmedia companion to the post-millennial Gothic. This book explores the post-millennial Gothic. It emphasises ‘new’ themes and emergent subgenres as well as revisions of the traditional Gothic, thus pressing readers to interrogate the multi-layered, multi-vocal conversations that occur within the Gothic in the new century. The areas of coverage engaged in this collection are parts of emerging interdisciplinary fields, and the book will thus be at the forefront of discussions about subgenres, such as Afro-futurism, Gothic comedy and Steampunk, as well as transnational and ethnic forms of the Gothic. It provides preeminent scholarship for those interested in discovering more about the development of the Gothic in recent years and its immediate relevance to our times. The 20 chapters provide the most detailed, demonstrate analytical exploration of this young field than ever before.
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Tarango, Angela. Native American Religions in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Paul Harvey and Kathryn Gin Lum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.13.
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This chapter discusses Native American religions in the twentieth century and major figures and themes including: the Pueblo Dance Controversy, the Indian New Deal, John Collier and the restructuring of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Native American Church, Native American Pentecostalism, the American Indian Movement, the work of Vine Deloria Jr., the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act, issues surrounding sacred land, and the court case of Employment Division v. Smith. In recent years, the study of native religions shifted from being understood in white “Western” terms to something now studied from the native point of view. Scholarship has shifted toward privileging native understandings of sovereignty, political engagement, sexuality, space, land, time, and religious belief. Despite the fact that their religious freedoms were rarely protected, native peoples found new ways to defend against white encroachment on their sacred traditions and made their voices heard within traditionally white institutions of power.
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Kachun, Mitch. Crispus Attucks in Twenty-First-Century America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731619.003.0010.
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While the new century saw continued nods to African American figures and experiences in American history textbooks and curricula, blacks still remained mostly on the margins of the master narrative in those mainstream accounts, with several twenty-first-century texts showing a significant shift in the presentation of Attucks’s race, identity, and character. Generally, however, treatments of Crispus Attucks and the Boston Massacre in twenty-first-century textbooks adhered to many of the same patterns found in those from the late twentieth century. This was also true for the attention given Attucks in popular culture, public commemorations, journalism, children’s literature, art, music, and academic scholarship.
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Robinson, Terry F. Eighteenth-Century Connoisseurship and the Female Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.139.
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With the development of connoisseurship in eighteenth-century England came new scrutiny of the female body. This article examines the contemporary intersection between aesthetic appreciation and the act of viewing the female form. Drawing upon recent scholarship, it charts a history of “body connoisseurship” from the Society of Dilettanti, to London’s Theatres Royal, to the Royal Academy of Arts, and reveals how the focus on the female physique—as an object of beauty, sex, ownership, and exchange—was shaped not only by men but also by women who exerted increasing control over their own representational narratives. More fundamentally, it places women at the center of connoisseurial debates in the period, contending that depictions of women’s bodies within connoisseurial contexts function at once as emblems of knowledge, both aesthetic and concupiscent, and as emblems that ironize and destabilize such knowledge by cultivating a fiction of the profound unknowability of women—and thus of beauty itself.
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Turda, Marius. Race, Science, and Eugenics in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0004.
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This article aims to go beyond the existing scholarship on eugenics and to point out the complex intertwining of visions of racial improvement with eugenic hybrids during the twentieth century. It offers an insight into the convoluted relationship between race and eugenics. It contributes to the increasingly polarized current discussion about the eternal return of eugenics. It evaluates the degree and nature of conceptual transfers of eugenic knowledge and ideas and addresses eugenics' key components. Race is a central component in the eugenic imagination and this centrality provides an insight into a larger debate, known as the nature-nurture debate. The examples of eugenic thinking on race are provided in this article. It illustrates that the study of twentieth-century eugenics is currently undergoing a remarkable transformation and contributes in new and refreshing ways to our understanding of eugenics and race.
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Treier, Daniel J., and Craig Hefner. Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century American Biblical Interpretation. Edited by Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.44.
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Formal theological education underwent a twentieth-century revolution that both enriched and fragmented popular Bible reading. Its legacy includes deeper understanding of the Bible and its contexts, new professions of teaching and scholarship, more professional clergy, and liberating critiques of oppressive ideas and practices. Yet its legacy also includes significant fractures, between academy and church, Bible and theology, and so on. Biblical interpretation became marginal to American intellectual life as it became more informed. Theological education’s hermeneutical story highlights the practical-moral agenda of professionals: they sought to inform, frequently even to reform, how Americans approach their Bibles—with historical awareness and various theological-political agendas ideally displacing literalist private application. The mutual popular and professional tensions in this story, given their impact on its interpretation, call for more generous scholarly attention to popular aspirations for understanding the Bible.
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Gaile, Gary L., and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.001.0001.
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Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century surveys American geographers' current research in their specialty areas and tracks trends and innovations in the many subfields of geography. As such, it is both a 'state of the discipline' assessment and a topical reference. It includes an introduction by the editors and 47 chapters, each on a specific specialty. The authors of each chapter were chosen by their specialty group of the American Association of Geographers (AAG). Based on a process of review and revision, the chapters in this volume have become truly representative of the recent scholarship of American geographers. While it focuses on work since 1990, it additionally includes related prior work and work by non-American geographers. The initial Geography in America was published in 1989 and has become a benchmark reference of American geographical research during the 1980s. This latest volume is completely new and features a preface written by the eminent geographer, Gilbert White.
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Jones, Emily. The New Conservatism, c.1885–1914. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198799429.003.0006.
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This chapter details the further intellectual work needed to transform Burke into ‘the founder of modern conservatism’. Crucially, it was from the 1890s that Burke’s thought began to be systematized into a more rigorous ‘political theory’, especially within the universities. The historical and biographical scholarship written during the first three-quarters of the century was superseded by more abstract expositions of Burke’s thought. A political philosophy of ‘conservatism’ was extracted from Burke’s corpus that is indistinguishable from the version of ‘Burkean conservatism’ still in use today. The chapter continues by documenting the increasing Conservative appropriation of Burke after 1885. For Burke to truly become a founder of conservatism it was necessary for political Conservative Unionists to see themselves as his intellectual heirs. Taken together, political and academic constructions of C/conservatism ensured Burke’s centrality not only as the originator of conservatism as a political philosophy, but as a proto-political Conservative.
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Weatherall, Kimberlee. The Emergence and Development of Intellectual Property Law in Australia and New Zealand. Edited by Rochelle Dreyfuss and Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.17.
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This chapter provides both an overview of the history of intellectual property (IP) laws in Australia and New Zealand, and pathways into existing and emerging scholarship in this area. It discusses convergence and divergence in copyright, patent and trademark legislation and case law between Britain and these two former colonies, from early colonial experimentation to the long period of closely mirroring UK reforms. In the late twentieth century, both countries developed more distinctive IP laws, and diverged on a range of fundamental questions. In the twenty-first century, trade policy—trans-Tasman and global—has created pressures for convergence, but as the countries have grown apart, more perhaps than many realize, so there is considerable resistance to unifying projects. The chapter closes with a discussion of the different trajectories in how IP and indigenous cultural and knowledge systems interface in Australia and New Zealand.
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Gildersleeve, Jessica, and Patricia Juliana Smith, eds. Elizabeth Bowen. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458641.001.0001.
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This collection examines Bowen’s contribution to and place in twentieth-century literature through a re-evaluation of the ways her work can be seen as textually, politically, and theoretically ‘new’ by focusing on her engagements with processes of theory and thought, and the frequent attachment of these to ‘things.’ It presents new scholarship on Bowen’s inventiveness and uniqueness of style and fresh readings of her place in twentieth-century literature and history in order to rejuvenate and develop scholarship regarding an author consistently overshadowed by her contemporaries.
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Touber, Jetze. Biblical Philology and Hermeneutical Debate in the Dutch Republic in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0016.
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Spinoza’s time was rife with conflicts. Historians tend to structure these by grouping two opposing forces: progressive Cartesio-Cocceian-liberals versus conservative Aristotelian-Voetian-Orangists. Moderately enlightened progressives, so the story goes, endorsed notions such as human dignity, toleration, freedom of opinion, but shied away from radicalism, held back by the conservative counterforce. Yet the drift was supposed to be inevitably towards the Enlightenment. This chapter tries to capture theological conflicts in the Dutch Republic of the Early Enlightenment in a triangular scheme, that covers a wider range of conflicting interests. Its corners are constituted by ‘dogmatism’ (Dordrecht orthodoxy), ‘scripturalism’ (Cocceianism), and ‘rationalism’ (theology inspired by Cartesianism, Spinozism, or any other brand of new philosophy). Dogmatics and rationalists battled in terms of philosophy, whereas the scripturalists and their respective opponents fought each other rather in the field of biblical scholarship. This multilateral conflict within Dutch Calvinism made the ideal of a unified church untenable.
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Heilbron, John. Richard Yeo, Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science; Renée Raphael, Reading Galileo. Scribal Technologies and the Two New Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827344.003.0007.
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This chapter assesses the problems faced by the English virtuosi: how to record and retrieve items of interest encountered in reading, conversation, lectures, observations, and experiments. The arrangement of excerpts from reading under subjects or categories developed during the sixteenth century literally into a commonplace, a ‘common-place’ book being a compendium of excerpts classified by the subjects they had in common. This ancestry raises the problem that virtuosi who decried the ‘bookish practices’ of sixteenth-century scholarship nonetheless used a method characteristic of it. Moreover, some virtuosi sometimes criticized common-placing as inhibiting to reading and destructive of memory. Hence the second problem: how reliance on note-taking came to displace reliance on memory.
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Lasker, Daniel J. Jewish Philosophical Polemics Against Christianity in the Middle Ages: With a New Introduction. Liverpool University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113515.001.0001.
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This book is based on a comprehensive reading of philosophical arguments drawn from all the major Jewish sources, published and unpublished, from the Geonic period in the ninth century until the dawn of the Haskalah in the late eighteenth century. The core of the book is a detailed discussion of the four doctrines of Christianity whose rationality Jews thought they could definitively refute: trinity, incarnation, transubstantiation, and virgin birth. In each case, the book presents a succinct history of the Christian doctrine and then proceeds to a careful examination of the Jewish efforts to demonstrate its impossibility. The main text is written in a non-technical manner, with the Christian doctrines and the Jewish responses both carefully explained; the notes include long quotations, in Hebrew and Arabic as well as in English, from sources that are not readily available in English. At the time of its original publication in 1977, this book was regarded as a major contribution to a relatively neglected area of medieval Jewish intellectual history; the new, wide-ranging introduction surveys and summarizes subsequent scholarship, and re-establishes its position as a major work.
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Pollard, Natalie. Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852605.001.0001.
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This book examines why it is important to appreciate cultural artefacts such as poems, sculptures, and buildings not as static, perfected objects, but as meshworks of entangled, mutable, and trans-personal forces. Offering six such case studies across the long twentieth century, the book focuses on how poetic works activate closer appreciation of literature’s hybridity. The book analyses how such texts are collaborative, emergent, and between-categories, and shows why this matters. It focuses, first, on how printed poetry is often produced collaboratively, in dialogue with the visual and plastic arts; and second, how it comes about through entangled and emergent agencies. Both have been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. Although this proposal makes some trouble for established disciplinary modes of reception and literary classification, for this reason, it also paves the way for new critical responses. Chiefly, Fugitive Pieces encourages the development of modes of literary critical engagement which acknowledge their uncertainty, vulnerability, and provisionality. Such reading involves encountering poems as co-constituted through materials that have frequently been treated as extra-literary, and in some cases extra-human. Focusing on works by Djuna Barnes, David Jones, F.T. Prince, Ted Hughes, Denise Riley, and Paul Muldoon, Fugitive Pieces fosters closer attention to how literary works operate beyond the boundaries of artistic categorization and agency. It examines the politics of disciplinary criticism, and the tensions between anthropocentric understandings of value and intra-agential collaborative practices. Its purpose is to stimulate much-needed analysis of printed works as combinatorial and hybrid, passing between published versions and artforms, persons and practices.
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Creangă, Ovidiu. The Conquest of Memory in the Book of Joshua. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.13.
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This chapter tracks the shift in reading approaches to the book of Joshua, from the more traditional criticisms of source and form during the twentieth century to the “new” literary methods that have characterized the transition to the twenty-first century in biblical scholarship. The poetics stance that gradually emerged within the field of Joshua scholarship opened up the book to constructivist as well as deconstructivist readings. The narrative studies mentioned in the chapter exhibit not only remarkable literary depth, but also a strong social and cultural sensitivity that trouble the book’s colonial and androcentric outlook. Using the lens of postmodern spatial theory (“Thirdspace”), the reading of Joshua’s conquest at the end of the chapter decenters the book’s core construction of Israel’s identity around violence, land acquisition, and memorialization of the conquest. The critique “from the margin” gives way to a more compassionate “center.”
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Thompson, Kerry F., and Ronald H. Towner. Navajo Archaeology. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.25.
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The dominant anthropological and archaeological narrative of “Navajo” culture is that upon entering the northwestern New Mexico in the sixteenth century, bands of Athapaskan hunter-gatherers began an acculturative process that led them to adopt and assimilate Pueblo, Spanish, Mexican, and American cultural institutions. The anthropological and archaeological concept “Navajo,” created through Western scholarship by non-Diné, does not align with Diné worldview or conceptions of self and history. Instead, it reaffirms Western scholarship as legitimate, while it marginalizes and brands Diné history as “alternative,” or as not really history. A review of theories that underlie Navajo archaeological literature reveals that the genesis of the erroneous tenets about Diné culture stem from late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century ideas that researchers have only recently begun to re-examine.
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van Miert, Dirk. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803935.003.0001.
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After a short preface defining the geographical and temporal boundaries and terminology of this monograph, the introduction sketches the history of biblical scholarship in Western Europe from Valla to Scaliger. This Introduction shows that biblical scholarship reached an advanced level of sophistication in the course of the sixteenth century, stimulated by the rise of Christian Hebraism. Both Catholic and Protestant parties used philology to buttress their own religious arguments and interpretations of history, although some of the new evidence begged for negotiation before it could be suitable for their confessional identities. The rise of biblical philology posed challenges to religion that were similar to those caused by developments in philosophy and the natural sciences.
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McGovern, Nathan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640798.003.0001.
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The Introduction frames the book’s problematic. It begins by describing the received narrative on the origins of early Indian religions using the metaphor of the snake and the mongoose, which several scholars have erroneously attributed to the 2nd century grammarian Patañjali as a comparison to the antagonism between Brahmans and śramaṇas. It then examines how Orientalist scholarship constructed this narrative under the influence of the “Lutheran” myth of Protestant origins and how this legacy lives on both in modern scholarship and modern narratives in India. Finally, it outlines a new methodology for the study of early Indian religions that sees “Brahmanical” and “non-Brahmanical” identities as having emerged over time, rather than being metahistorical essences.
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Tushnet, Mark, and Peter Cane, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199248179.001.0001.
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This volume in the series of Oxford Handbooks provides an overview of legal scholarship at the start of the twenty-first century. Through forty-three articles by legal scholars based in the USA, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Germany, it offers original and interpretative accounts of the nature, themes, and trends of research and writing about all areas of the law.
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Anderson, Michael, and Colleen Roche, eds. The State of the Art. Sydney University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/sup.9781743320273.
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The State of the Art: Teaching Drama in the 21st Century presents cutting-edge scholarship from leading drama education in New South Wales. This collection features discussions that are directly relevant to drama teachers in primary and secondary schools, artists and theatre makers, drama education researchers and those interested in the relevance of arts and drama education in reforming the curriculum. The book reminds of the connection between practice and research in drama education, and reflects changes in curriculum and new areas of research on: playwriting improvisation and play building young people as audiences technology and drama education dialogue in drama education the opportunities for drama as a curriculum change event The scholarship assembled here reflects some of the best and most insightful reflections on how research can directly inform the transformation of learning and teaching.
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Williamson, George S. Myth. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.35.
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This chapter examines the nineteenth-century discourse on myth and its influence on Christian theological and cultural debate from the 1790s to the eve of the First World War. After preliminary comments on the eighteenth century, it examines five ‘key’ moments in this history: the Romantic idea of a ‘new mythology’ (focusing on Friedrich Schelling); the ‘religious’ turn in myth scholarship c.1810 (Friedrich Creuzer); debates over the role of myth in the gospels (focusing on David Strauss and Christian Weisse); theories of language and race and their impact on myth scholarship; and Arthur Drews’ The Christ Myth and the debate over the historicity of Jesus. This chapter argues that the discourse on myth (in Germany and elsewhere) was closely bound to the categories and assumptions of Christian theology, reproducing them even as it undermined the authority of the Bible, the clergy, and the churches.
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Nadler, Anthony M. A View from Somewhere. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040146.003.0002.
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This chapter analyzes how the ideal of professional autonomy came to prominence in U.S. journalism and why it came up against enormous pressures by the late 1960s and 1970s. Many perceptive journalism scholars have sought to explain the origins of journalistic professionalism and the idealization of objectivity. The chapter offers a synthesis of this scholarship, paying close attention to the kinds of evidence scholars have used to show different factors—cultural, political, economic, and institutional—as prompting the adoption of the objectivity ideal and the related commitment to journalistic professionalism. Sifting through this scholarship suggests that journalistic professionalism served as a strategic response on the part of media owners to new social conditions taking shape largely during the first half of the twentieth century.
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El-Rouayheb, Khaled, and Sabine Schmidtke. Introduction. Edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.40.
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The study of Islamic philosophy has recently entered a new and exciting phase. Both the received canon of Islamic philosophers and the grand narrative of the course of Islamic philosophy are in the process of being radically questioned and revised. The bulk of twentieth-century Western scholarship on Arabic or Islamic philosophy focused on the period from the ninth century to the twelfth. It is a measure of the transformation that is currently underway in the field that the present Handbook gives roughly equal weight to every century from the ninth to the twentieth. Moreover, its entries are work-centered rather than person- or theme-centered.
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Barzun, Jacques. From Dawn to Decadence: The twentieth century. HarperAudio, 2001.
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Heywood, Linda, Allison Blakely, Charles Stith, and Joshua C. Yesnowitz, eds. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038877.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book brings together work that focuses on understudied and contemporarily resonant topics—scholarship that illuminates trends in the study of African American diplomacy, attempts to (re)open lines of theoretical inquiry, demonstrates creative use of archival materials, and motivates questions for further research. Topics range from consideration of early diplomatic appointees to assessments of those leaders who have served as policy makers, performers, and cultural ambassadors from the nineteenth century to the present. The chapters are informed by scholarship on African Americans as formal diplomatic appointees, studies of citizen diplomacy, and research that seeks to bring a global context to domestic affairs. The volume synthesizes the extant literature and, in so doing, bridges the scholarly gap between institutional and extra-institutional (i.e., sociocultural) forms of African American diplomacy throughout American history and suggests new directions in historiography.
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McMahon, Gregory, and Sharon Steadman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia is a unique blend of comprehensive overviews on archaeological, philological, linguistic, and historical issues at the forefront of Anatolian scholarship in the twenty-first century. Anatolia is home to early complex societies and great empires, and was the destination of many migrants, visitors, and invaders. The offerings in this book bring this reality to life, as the articles unfold nearly 10,000 years (ca. 10,000–323 BCE) of peoples, languages, and diverse cultures who lived in or traversed Anatolia over these millennia. They combine descriptions of current scholarship on important discussion and debates in Anatolian studies with new and cutting-edge research for future directions of study. The fifty-four articles are presented in five separate parts that range in topic from chronological and geographical overviews to anthropologically based issues of culture contact and imperial structures, and from historical settings of entire millennia to crucial data from key sites across the region.
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Odem, Mary E. Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in the South, 1980–2010. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.021.
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In the last decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. South became a major new immigrant destination. Largely bypassed by immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Southeast is now home to millions of people from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. A region historically defined by a black/white racial divide has become a multi-ethnic, multiracial society over the course of just two decades. This essay examines key issues and debates in the growing body of scholarship on new immigration to the South, with a focus on Latin American and Asian immigration. Central themes include: the emergence of the Southeast as a magnet for immigrants; economic incorporation and the transformation of southern workplaces; changing racial/ethnic relations; patterns of settlement in the suburban South; racial formation of immigrants in the post-Civil Rights era.
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Doody, Colleen. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037276.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to explore the beginnings of post-World War II popular conservatism, particularly the glue that held this disparate movement together: anti-Communism. Building upon recent scholarship on conservatism, the book brings their insights to bear on the debate on the nature of early Cold War domestic politics. It argues that the key elements of twentieth-century conservatism—antipathy toward big government, embrace of religious traditionalism, celebration of laissez-faire capitalism, and militant anti-Communism—arose during the 1940s and 1950s out of opposition to the legacy of the New Deal and its modernizing, centralizing, and secularizing ethos. The book examines a specific urban center, Detroit, and grounds its conception of politics in the daily decisions of a wide variety of individuals rather than on the actions of political elites.
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Reitz, Kevin R. American Exceptionalism in Crime and Punishment: Broadly Defined. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203542.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter is a primer on American exceptionalism in crime and punishment (AECP). In the mid- and late twentieth century, the United States diverged markedly from other Western nations first in its high rates of serious violent crime and soon after in the severity of its governmental responses. This has left an appalling legacy of AECP for the new century. The chapter expands on the scholarship in this field first by providing a brief tour of well-known AECP subject areas: incarceration and the death penalty. Next, it introduces claims that a wider menu of punishments should be included in AECP analyses, including probation supervision, parole release and supervision, economic penalties, and collateral consequences of conviction. To conclude, the chapter speaks to the importance of late twentieth-century crime rates to US punitive expansionism.
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Drury, Joseph. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792383.003.0001.
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New Historicist critics typically approached the novel as if it were a ‘technology of power’ whose main effect was to discipline readers. Recent scholarship, by contrast, has provided a richer understanding of the narrative machinery of eighteenth-century fiction by emphasizing the variety of different technologies available to authors as models for thinking about the different effects their narratives could have on readers. As the Introduction explains, this book aims to reconcile these two approaches by drawing on the work of ‘constructivist’ sociologists and philosophers of technology to argue that although eighteenth-century authors thought in different ways about the mechanics of narrative, they shared a common preoccupation with the problem of how novels mediate human subjectivity. Complementing recent New Formalist work on Romantic organicism, Novel Machines offers a genealogy of modern structuralist approaches to the mechanics and dynamics of narrative and recovers the complexity of the eighteenth-century idea of ‘mechanical form’.
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Mills, Simon. A Commerce of Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840336.001.0001.
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A Commerce of Knowledge: Trade, Religion, and Scholarship between England and the Ottoman Empire, c.1600–1760 tells the story of three generations of Church of England chaplains who served the English Levant Company in Aleppo, Syria, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The book reconstructs the careers of its protagonists in the cosmopolitan city of Ottoman Aleppo, and brings to light the links between English commercial and diplomatic expansion and English scholarly and missionary interests: the study of Middle-Eastern languages; the exploration of biblical and Greco-Roman antiquities; and the early dissemination of Protestant literature in Arabic. Early modern Orientalism is usually conceived as an episode in the history of scholarship. By shifting the focus to Aleppo, A Commerce of Knowledge draws attention to connections between the seemingly aloof world of the early modern university and spheres of commercial and diplomatic life, tracing the emergence of new kinds of philological and archaeological enquiry in England back to a series of real-world encounters between the chaplains and the scribes, booksellers, priests, rabbis, and sheikhs whom they encountered in the Ottoman Empire. Setting the careers of its protagonists against a background of broader developments across Protestant and Catholic Europe, the book shows how the institutionalization of English scholarship, and the later English attempt to influence the Eastern Christian churches, were bound up with the international struggle to establish a commercial foothold in the Levant. It then argues that these connections would endure until the shift of British commercial and imperial interests to the Indian subcontinent in the second half of the eighteenth century fostered new currents of intellectual life at home.
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Cavill, Paul, and Alexandra Gajda, eds. Writing the history of parliament in Tudor and early Stuart England. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099588.001.0001.
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The enduring controversy about the nature of parliament informs nearly all debates about the momentous religious, political and governmental changes in early modern England – most significantly, the character of the Reformation and the causes of the Revolution. Meanwhile, scholars of ideas have emphasised the historicist turn that shaped the period’s political culture. Religious and intellectual imperatives from the sixteenth century onwards evoked a new interest in the evolution of parliament, shaping the ways that contemporaries interpreted, legitimised and contested Church, state and political hierarchies. For much of the last century, scholarship on parliament focused on its role in high politics, or adopted an administrative perspective. The major exception was J. G. A. Pocock’s brilliant The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law (1957), which argued that competing conceptions about the antiquity of England’s parliamentary constitution – particularly its common law – were a defining element of early Stuart political mentalities and set in motion a continuing debate about the role of historical thought in early seventeenth-century England. The purpose of this volume is to explore contemporary views of parliament’s history/histories over a broader canvas. Historical culture is defined widely to encompass the study of chronicles, more overtly ‘literary’ texts, antiquarian scholarship, religious polemic, political pamphlets, and of the intricate processes that forge memory and tradition. Over half of the essays explore Tudor historical thought, showing that Stuart debates about parliament cannot be divorced from their sixteenth-century prelude. The volume restates the crucial role of institutions for the study of political culture and thought.
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Vann Woodward, C., and Edward L. Ayers. The Lost Lectures of C. Vann Woodward. Edited by Natalie J. Ring and Sarah E. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863951.001.0001.
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This collection presents two sets of lectures that Woodward delivered at mid-century, LSU's Fleming Lectures in 1951 and Cornell's Messenger Lectures in 1964 along with one lecture taken from Yale’s Storrs Lectures in 1969. These lectures reflect Woodward's life-long interest in exploring the contours and limits of nineteenth-century liberalism. The editors draw on correspondence, Woodward's personal notes, and unpublished essays to chronicle his failed attempts to finish a much-awaited comprehensive history of Reconstruction, which he saw as the natural outgrowth of the Messenger Lectures. The letdown involving the latter project is all the more significant given that he had come to imagine the book as a companion to the Origins of the New South, one of the most lasting pieces of scholarship in the field. The Introduction focuses on the antebellum and Reconstruction periods, situating them in the context of mid-twentieth century historiographical debates. These reprinted lectures offer readers new perspectives on one of the most important authorities on the history of the late nineteenth and twentieth-century South.
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Thrush, Coll. Urban Native Histories. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.35.
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Urbanization has profoundly affected indigenous peoples. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, more than half of all American Indian and Alaskan Native people live not on reservations or in rural areas, but in towns and cities. According to the 2000 US census, some of the largest Indian populations are in places like Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and Seattle. This study focuses on the widespread indigenous history in and of urban places to draw attention to important themes and debates in the scholarship on Native peoples and cities and to articulate a broad agenda for a new approach to urban Indigenous history.
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Land, Isaac. ‘Each Song Was Just Like a Little Sermon’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812425.003.0014.
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This chapter is central to the volume’s chronological contentions, as its argument accounts for the specialized, one-dimensional Dibdin of ‘Tom Bowling’ that has endured into recent scholarship. Focusing on Dibdin’s posthumous reception, it examines the moral and rhetorical difficulties of repackaging Dibdin’s works for a Victorian sensibility; it explores the specifics of mid-century concert culture previously highlighted by Derek Scott and William Weber as central to changes in nineteenth-century taste and programming; and it develops the theme of nostalgia into a revelatory consideration of the relationship between new naval technologies, national pride, and military training, and the songs, people, and language of a remembered Napoleonic ‘golden age’—to which Dibdin proves to have been as central, in the Victorian imagination, as Nelson.
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Childs, Matt D., and Manuel Barcia. Cuba. Edited by Mark M. Smith and Robert L. Paquette. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199227990.013.0005.
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This article reviews scholarship on the history and historiography of slavery in Cuba. In the sixteenth-century, Africans crossed the Atlantic and accompanied Diego Velésquez and other Spanish conquistadors in the first expeditions sent to subjugate Cuba. Africans served in post-conquest Cuba as enslaved assistants to powerful military and political officials or as domestic servants. During the nineteenth-century heyday of plantation slavery, Cuban social and political life centred on the master-slave relation. Foreign capital and foreign political pressure — British abolitionism and United States annexationism, for example — began to shape Cuban slavery beyond the contours of Spanish colonialism alone. The transatlantic slave trade lasted longer to Cuba than to any other New World slave society with final abolition coming only in 1867.
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Aitamurto, Kaarina, and Scott Simpson. The Study of Paganism and Wicca. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.36.
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In the twentieth century, all across Europe, new religious communities appeared which drew inspiration from historical Paganisms. The Wiccan tradition, first presented in the United Kingdom in the second half of the twentieth century by Gerald Gardner, has been one of the most influential and far-reaching. Well-known currents in the English-speaking world also include Druidry and Germanic Heathenism, as well as many others. Their entrance onto the religious scene has been met with various responses from the media and scholarship. This chapter addresses selected themes in the development of academic “Pagan Studies.” These include the definitional difficulties in describing a diverse field, the special methodological concerns and approaches which have arisen, and the increasing internationalization of study.
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Hone, Joseph. Alexander Pope in the Making. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842316.001.0001.
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How did Alexander Pope become the greatest poet of the eighteenth century? Drawing on previously neglected texts and overlooked archival materials, Alexander Pope in the Making provides a radical new account of the poet’s early career, from the earliest traces of manuscript circulation to the publication of his collected Works. Joseph Hone illuminates classic poems such as An Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and Windsor-Forest by setting them alongside lesser-known texts by Pope and his contemporaries, many of which have never received sustained critical attention before. Pope’s earliest experiments in satire, panegyric, lyric, pastoral, and epic are all explored alongside his translations, publication strategies, and neglected editorial projects. By recovering cultural values shared by Pope and the politically heterodox men and women whose works he read and with whom he collaborated, Hone unearths powerful new interpretive possibilities for some of the eighteenth century’s most celebrated poems. Alexander Pope in the Making mounts a comprehensive challenge to the ‘Scriblerian’ paradigm that has dominated scholarship for the past eighty years. It sheds fresh light on Pope’s early career and reshapes our understanding of the ideological landscape of his era. This book will be essential reading for scholars and students of eighteenth-century literature, history, and politics.
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Dorsett, Shaunnagh. Traditions. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.41.
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This chapter examines legal encounters and legal relations between Indigenous peoples in both Australia and New Zealand and the British Empire. It looks at court decisions as a source of historical material in order to suggest two contact points between jurisdictions through which to think about indigenous laws and settler laws. It focuses on only two instances of contact: the colonial and the present. In many ways this choice reproduces ongoing gaps in tracing and thinking about legal encounters with Aboriginal law in Australia and, to a lesser extent, in New Zealand. Scholarship on legal encounter has tended to be centred on the colonial period to the detriment of the later nineteenth century and much of the twentieth century. The chapter looks at the ways in which colonial and modern law engaged/s with aboriginal law from the perspective of the colonizer, not the colonized.