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Journal articles on the topic 'New Century Scholarship'
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1
Langenbacher, Eric. "New Scholarship on the Holocaust." German Politics and Society 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503005780880687.
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Over the six decades since the demise of the Nazi regime, thousands of pages have been written about the genocide of European Jews in almost every genre and intellectual forum. Eva Hoffman even concludes that "the Holocaust is the most documented event in history" (192). Nevertheless, the magnitude and complexity of the trauma and its aftereffects—on survivors, their descendents and the political cultures of many countries—left numerous lacunae and taboos that surrounded discourse and scholarship. Only relatively recently have more unconstrained questions been possible and various silences exposed. The three books examined in this review essay all contribute to the ongoing quest for comprehension, delving expertly into previously unexamined issues, while revealing how much still remains to work through the defining event of the 20th century.
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O'Neill, J. C. "The Irresponsibility of New Testament Scholarship in the Twentieth Century." New Blackfriars 81, no. 949 (March 2000): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.2000.tb01720.x.
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SAMELSON, F. "A New Scholarship: Psychology in Twentieth-Century Thought and Society." Science 241, no. 4874 (September 30, 1988): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4874.1837.
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Hagan, John. "The New Legal Scholarship: Problems and Prospects." Canadian journal of law and society 1 (1986): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100000995.
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Legal scholarship has changed dramatically in this century. Early in this century, legal scholarship found form and coherence in a method of study and teaching often referred to as the doctrinal approach. This approach placed its emphasis on the determination of rules, principles and procedures through the detailed analysis of cases — a method that goes back at least as far as Langdell's reforms at the Harvard Law School. There can be little debate as to the professional success of this approach to legal scholarship. It provided a method for teaching and for the writing of legal treatises and law review articles that endures to this day.Yet if there was a purity to this methodological emphasis on “law in the books,” there was also an incompleteness that led others to call for research on the “law in action.” Often known as the legal realist movement, and best documented in its emergence at the Yale Law School, this approach to legal scholarship called attention to gaps between doctrine and practice. It is interesting to note that both the traditional doctrinal approach and legal realism were eager to claim the mantle of science. In doing so, the doctrinal approach focused on recorded cases as its units for observation and analysis, while the realists moved beyond these official accounts to examine the way the law actually was applied and affected people's lives. The realist's point was that the law often only affected social life indirectly and that doctrine frequently affected society in uncertain and unanticipated ways.
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Kelle, Brad E. "Hosea 4—14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship." Currents in Biblical Research 8, no. 3 (March 18, 2010): 314–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x09346514.
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Twentieth-century scholarship on Hosea has addressed a wide range of interpretive questions that often reflect the common approaches to the prophetic literature in general, yet an inordinate amount of attention has been paid to the marriage and family imagery in Hosea 1—3. In recent years, scholars have corrected this tendency, exploring ways that texts throughout Hosea 4—14 offer insights into long-standing critical issues. Rather than exhibiting a movement in which newer methodological perspectives have replaced older traditional approaches, all of the established, modern scholarly pursuits remain prominent in the current study of Hosea 4—14. Scholars are now reformulating the traditional questions, however, from new angles largely generated by interdisciplinary influences. These influences have also given rise to previously unexplored lines of inquiry, such as synchronic, literary, and theological readings, Book of the Twelve studies, and metaphor theory. Studies using metaphor theory with an eye toward religious, political, socio-economic, and gender considerations seem likely to occupy the central place in Hosea scholarship in the immediate future.
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Hoover, Stewart M. "Media, Public Scholarship and Religious Controversy: Notes from Trump’s America." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00801008.
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Abstract The persistence of religion in the twenty-first century has renewed the importance of scholarships devoted to it. At the same time, the digital age has re-positioned and recentered the affordances of mediated circulations around "the religious." This increasing presence and significance of media and religion suggests that substantive scholarships of religion must necessarily articulate media as well. Religious controversies therefore present a special challenge and a special opportunity to scholarships of media and religion. New ways of doing scholarship, and doing so publicly, present themselves. All scholarships of mediated religion must necessarily be public, so scholarship is articulated into these circulations, and at the same time can build on and benefit from knowledge-building that occurs outside the formal boundaries of the academy. This paper explores emerging theories of digital mediation and proposes a circulation-focused understanding of the role, place, and potentials of scholarships today.
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Covey, R. Alan. "Andean exceptionalism and the new Inka scholarship." Antiquity 89, no. 343 (January 30, 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2014.13.
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Grand theories of human social organisation have sometimes struggled to find a place for the Inka empire, which achieved an unprecedented degree of state power across the Andean region of western South America for a few generations in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries AD. This is in part because the Inka realm looked so different from the ancient empires of Eurasia. The axis of Inka power ran north–south through some of the most diverse and difficult terrain on the planet, and Inka material culture and institutions lacked many of the Western hallmarks of civilisation. In Ancient society (1877), Lewis Henry Morgan relegated the Inkas to a status of ‘middle barbarism’ for possessing only Bronze Age metallurgy, placing a realm of perhaps 10 million inhabitants in the company of the Puebloan peoples of the American Southwest and the society that built Stonehenge. More than a century later, the sociologist Michael Mann (1986) offered the Inkas as an exception to his general model for wielding so much power without using writing, currency or low-cost forms of transportation.
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Paramore, Kiri. "“Civil Religion” and Confucianism: Japan's Past, China's Present, and the Current Boom in Scholarship on Confucianism." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814002265.
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This article employs the history of Confucianism in modern Japan to critique current scholarship on the resurgence of Confucianism in contemporary China. It argues that current scholarship employs modernist formulations of Confucianism that originated in Japan's twentieth-century confrontation with Republican China, without understanding the inherent nationalist applications of these formulations. Current scholarly approaches to Confucianism trace a history through Japanese-influenced U.S. scholars of the mid-twentieth century like Robert Bellah to Japanese imperialist and Chinese Republican nationalist scholarship of the early twentieth century. This scholarship employed new individualistic and modernist visions of religion and philosophy to isolate fields of “Confucian values” or “Confucian philosophy” apart from the realities of social practice and tradition, transforming Confucianism into a purely intellectualized “empty box” ripe to be filled with cultural nationalist content. This article contends that current scholarship, by continuing this modernist approach, may unwittingly facilitate similar nationalist exploitations of Confucianism.
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Carson, Warren J. "Plenty Ventured, Plenty Gained: African American Literary Scholarship and the New Century." Southern Literary Journal 36, no. 1 (2003): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/slj.2003.0030.
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Walker, Anders. "New Takes on Jim Crow: A Review of Recent Scholarship." Law and History Review 36, no. 1 (February 2018): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000566.
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More than half a century has passed since C. Vann Woodward penned his iconic monograph, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, and legal segregation continues to compel. Recent works have reassessed Jim Crow's birth, its life, and its aftermath, suggesting that the system was at once more implicated in the reproduction of racist ideas than had been previously assumed, and also more fluid: a variegated landscape of rules and norms that lent themselves to various forms of political, legal, and cultural resistance.
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Kourie, C. E. T. "New Testament scholarship on the threshold of the third millennium." Religion and Theology 2, no. 2 (1995): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430195x00113.
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AbstractNew Testament scholarship today must needs be seen in the context of methodological plurality. Whether this fact is viewed with suspicion or with delight, there is no turning back - on the threshold of the twenty-first century we are faced with a plethora of hermeneutical methods offering insight into scripture. Our task is to see which new paradigms will best enable us to interpret the New Testament in a world vastly different from that of early Christianity. This article suggests that an 'interreligious' approach to understanding and teaching scripture be seriously considered.
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Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia. "New Religious Movements in the Long Nineteenth Century." Nova Religio 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2019.23.2.5.
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This introduction provides a brief overview of the period known as the “long nineteenth century,” which played host to and helped to shape numerous new religious movements. Highlighting the impact and occasional convergence of various political, social, and religious movements and events in both the United States and globally, this essay seeks to show that the examination of new religious movements in the nineteenth century offers a means of applying scholarship in new religious movements to religions that may be defined as “old,” while simultaneously opening new ways of understanding new religions more broadly. In the process, this overview provides background for the articles included in this special issue of Nova Religio, which explore subjects including religious utopianism; gender, politics, and Pentecostalism; Mormonism and foreign missions; and the relationships of new religious movements to visual art.
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Taylor, Jeremy E., and Grace C. Huang. "“DEEP CHANGES IN INTERPRETIVE CURRENTS”? CHIANG KAI-SHEK STUDIES IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA." International Journal of Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591411000209.
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This essay explores the nature of the changing scholarship on Chiang Kai-shek, reviewing some of the established assessments which dominated writing about Chiang for much of the latter half of the twentieth century, but contrasting these with new assessments which are now emerging in both Chinese- and English-language scholarship. The authors examine the ways in which new access to the Chiang Kai-shek diaries, a changing cross-Strait relationship and new attempts to rehabilitate the Republican past in the People's Republic of China have all had major ramifications for scholarship on Chiang. They tease out some of the exciting new threads that such scholarship is leading to, but also ask questions about the limitations and shortcomings of some of the approaches that are now dominant in the field.
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Diehl, Judy. "Anti-Imperial Rhetoric in the New Testament." Currents in Biblical Research 10, no. 1 (October 2011): 9–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x11398556.
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The first of a series of three articles, this essay introduces current scholarship concerned with the use of anti-imperial rhetoric in the New Testament Gospels and the book of Acts. In the first century of the Common Era, if the powerful Roman Emperor was considered a god, what did that mean for the earliest Christians who committed loyalty to ‘another’ God? Was it necessary for the NT authors to employ subversive language, words and symbols, to conceal their true meanings from the imperial authorities in their communications to the first Christian communities? The answers to such key questions can give us a clearer picture of the culture, society and setting in which the NT was written. The purpose of this complex study is to observe how current biblical scholarship views anti-imperial rhetoric and anti-emperor implications found in the NT, assuming such rhetoric exists at all. This initial article reviews recent scholarship with respect to the background of the Roman Empire, current interpretive methods and research concerning anti-imperial rhetoric found in the NT Gospels and Acts.
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Ben-Tov, Asaph. "August Tittel (1691–1756): The (Mis)fortunes of an Eighteenth-Century Translator." Erudition and the Republic of Letters 2, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 396–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00204002.
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August Tittel, a Lutheran pastor, translator, ‘minor author’, and fugitive, was best known to contemporaries for his German translation of Humphrey Prideaux’s The Old and New Testament Connected and for his turbulent life. Together with his printed oeuvre, Tittel’s extant correspondence, especially with his patron Ernst Salomon Cyprian, allow us a close scrutiny of the life and work of a minor and troublesome member of the Republic of Letters. Despite its peculiarities, there is much in his career which is indicative of broader trends in early eighteenth-century scholarship, e.g. networks of patronage and a German interest in Jansenist and English biblical scholarship, theology, and confessional polemics. This view of the Republic of Letters ‘from below’ sheds light on a class of minor scholars, which often evades the radar of modern scholarship, but was an essential part of the early modern Republic of Letters.
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Cardoza, Anthony L. "Recasting the Duce for the New Century: Recent Scholarship on Mussolini and Italian Fascism." Journal of Modern History 77, no. 3 (September 2005): 722–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/497722.
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Vishnuvajjala, Usha. "Women’s Contributions to Middle English Arthurian Scholarship." Journal of the International Arthurian Society 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jias-2019-0005.
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Abstract This article examines the history of scholarship of both Middle English Arthurian literature and its afterlives to argue that the marginalisation of such literature has slowly diminished – often through the work of women. The increasing numbers of women in academia coincided with the advent of new methodologies in literary studies in the late-twentieth century to produce a wide range of scholarship on English Arthurian literature, including on texts that had long been considered beneath serious study. This work continues now, with recent studies considering English Arthuriana through postcolonial theory, queer theory, affect theory, adaptation studies and many other methods.
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Peak, Anna. "THE CONDITION OF MUSIC IN VICTORIAN SCHOLARSHIP." Victorian Literature and Culture 44, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000716.
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Many Victorian commentators, from Herbert Spencer and Charles Darwin on, saw music as the most primitive of all the arts, an inarticulate precursor of language, and yet many Victorians, particularly towards the end of the century, also saw music as the purest of all art forms. The tremendous tension between these two views meant that music provided, and provides, an ideal way to understand more completely Victorian ideas about evolution, gender, and race in relation to aesthetics, although scholarship on music has only begun to consider those relationships. But as Vernon Lee long ago pointed out, in a series of thoughtful essays about music published inFraser's Magazineand other periodicals in the 1870s and 1880s, music has always been slower to develop than other arts or fields of study. This is in fact why musicologists speak of “nineteenth-century music,” rather than Victorian music: the Romantic period in music, for example, is starting as the Romantic period in literature had largely ended; the English Musical Renaissance comes after the renaissance period in British literature; and so on. Musicology, likewise, is a comparatively young field, and the study of nineteenth-century British music – long limited to Gilbert and Sullivan, if considered at all – younger yet. Studies of literature that engage with music as an important part of the historical context of a given text depend on developments in musicology for a proper understanding of that context, which is why such works are comparatively few.Whymusic should be slower to develop than other fields is a question outside the scope of this essay, but the good news is that in the past ten years a number of useful and valuable works of scholarship on nineteenth-century British music have appeared, examining not only neglected composers and musical works, but also performers, concert organizers, music publishers, instruments and their history, and evolutionary, Orientalist, and nationalist discourses about music. This scholarship, valuable in itself, not only expands our knowledge of musicology and cultural history; by pointing out some of the deep connections between literature and music in the Victorian period, such scholarship also suggests new ways to think about literary forms, canon formation, and aesthetic theories.
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John, Richard R. "Ruling Passions: Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of Policy History 18, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2005.0028.
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In recent years, theJournal of Policy Historyhas emerged as a major venue for scholarship on American policy history in the period after 1900. Indeed, it is for this reason that it is often praised as the leading outlet for scholarship on American political history in the world. Only occasionally, however, has it featured essays on the early republic, the Civil War, or the post-Civil War era. And when it has, the essays have often focused on partisan electioneering rather than on governmental institutions. The rationale for this special issue of theJournal of Policy Historyis to expand the intellectual agenda of policy history backward in time so as to embrace more fully the history of governmental institutions in the period before 1900. The six essays that follow contain much that will be new even for specialists in nineteenth-century American policy history, yet they are written in a style that is intended to be accessible to college undergraduates and historians unfamiliar with the period.
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Brennan, Thomas. "Peasants and Debt in Eighteenth-Century Champagne." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, no. 2 (October 2006): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2006.37.2.175.
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Recent scholarship about debt in early-modern Europe has replaced an old model of misery and exploitation with a new paradigm that emphasizes the entrepreneurial rationale for going into debt. Reassessment of these arguments on the basis of detailed information about 5,000 rural households in France finds that debt posed a high risk of ruin to nearly half of the region's debtors and that viticulture played a unique role in stimulating a borrowing frenzy in the countryside.
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Meyer, Evelyn, and Alexandra Sterling-Hellenbrand. "sine mugens nicht erdenken: wand ez kan vor in wenken rechte alsam ein schellec hase**: Women’s German Medieval-Arthurian Scholarship." Journal of the International Arthurian Society 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jias-2019-0004.
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Abstract This article offers a survey of German Medieval Studies as a discipline, focusing on three generations of women’s German Medieval-Arthurian scholarship. This scholarship demonstrates a breadth of discipline that might be perceived as unusual in contrast to Anglophone or Francophone Arthurian scholarship; this breadth is however characteristic of scholarship in German Medieval Studies. The authors analyse significant publications and female scholars within German Medieval Studies to shed a light on research areas, institutional developments as well as key figures that have emerged in German Arthurian scholarship over the last half-century. The authors conclude not only that the practice of truly interdisciplinary research has become a hallmark of today’s female scholarship, but also that new spaces have been created (and continue to emerge) for women to write, publish and teach in German Medieval-Arthurian scholarship.
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MCGRATH, AOIFE. "Emerging Dance Scholarship in Ireland." Theatre Research International 36, no. 3 (August 30, 2011): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883311000575.
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Irish-based dance practice has a long history of being culturally undervalued, underfunded and marginalized, with the 1995 annual Arts Council report stating a ‘recognition of the fact that dance as an art form has suffered severe neglect in Ireland’. Yet despite this neglect, Ireland has a rich and varied dance history and a vibrant contemporary dance scene, and dance research is emerging as an exciting new field of scholarship. The visibility of theatre dance in the cultural landscape of Ireland improved significantly in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In 2003 dance was finally included as a named art form in the Irish government's Arts Act, and the same year saw the founding of Dance Research Forum Ireland, a society formed to promote critical reflection and discussion about all forms of dance in Ireland. Another important development for dance scholarship was the announcement in January 2010 of Arts Council funding for the establishment of a national dance archive to be housed in the Glucksmann Library of the University of Limerick.
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Kemple, Thomas. "A Century After Weber and Simmel." Theory, Culture & Society 37, no. 7-8 (October 9, 2020): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420958460.
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This essay reviews two recently published volumes of the Max-Weber- Gesamtausgabe (Collected Works) which contain writings on methodological questions and theoretical problems concerning ‘objectivity’, ‘interpretive understanding’, and ‘value-freedom’. Since many of these texts explicitly address Weber’s views on the writings of Georg Simmel, the essay treats these volumes as an occasion to commemorate the legacy of these two classic theorists of modern capitalism a hundred years after their death. In addition to considering new scholarship on these thinkers, the essay also highlights their relevance to problems and questions still being posed and contemplated today.
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Vanderkam, James C. "Recent Scholarship on the Book of Jubilees." Currents in Biblical Research 6, no. 3 (June 2008): 405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x07084794.
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The essay provides a survey of recent studies on the book of Jubilees, a second-century BCE Hebrew work that retells the stories from Genesis 1 through Exodus 24 and whose teachings are closely related to those found in the sectarian Dead Sea Scrolls. The principal topics covered are the new textual evidence for the original Hebrew version of Jubilees and its implications, the literary nature of the work and its history of composition, and four major themes in the book: the author's views about purity/impurity, women, the annual calendar of 364 days, and eschatology. There is also a summary of academic textual resources for the study of the text of Jubilees.
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NEWMAN, BARBARA. "NEW SEEDS, NEW HARVESTS THIRTY YEARS OF TILLING THE MYSTIC FIELD." Traditio 72 (2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2017.7.
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This article offers a retrospective on the last thirty years of scholarship on medieval mystics. After surveying some recent resources, such as Bernard McGinn's multivolume history, the Companions to Christian Mysticism, and the journal Spiritus, it discusses the varied approaches of late-twentieth and early-twenty-first century work, notably the material turn and the linguistic turn. The former, embracing studies of the body and gender, emotions and eroticism, art and material objects, reacts against earlier conceptions of mysticism as concerned exclusively with the timeless, invisible, and transcendent dimension of human existence. Feminist scholarship, queer theory, history of the emotions, and the study of visual culture have all figured prominently, while the relationship between mysticism and political activism is identified as an area ripe for further study. Complementing the material turn, the linguistic turn has brought new interest in apophatic theology in the wake of Derridean deconstruction, but also entails fresh work on vernacular mystics and the role of vernacularity in disseminating spiritual wisdom. The essay closes with an account of imaginative theology and a call for more reading across linguistic and disciplinary boundaries, as well as the artificial boundary between sacred and secular writing.
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Dodek, Adam M. "Canadian Legal Ethics: Ready for the Twenty-First Century at Last." German Law Journal 10, no. 6-7 (July 2009): 1047–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200001474.
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This article analyzes the transformation in the scholarship of legal ethics that has occurred in Canada over the last decade, and maps out an agenda for future research. The author attributes the recent growth of Canadian legal ethics as an academic discipline to a number of interacting factors: a response to external pressures, initiatives within the legal profession, changes in Canadian legal education, and the emergence of a new cadre of legal ethics scholars. This article chronicles the public history of legal ethics in Canada over the last decade and analyzes the first and second wave of scholarship in the area. It integrates these developments within broader changes in legal education that set the stage for the continued expansion of Canadian legal ethics in the twenty-first century.
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Owusu-Manu, D., D. J. Edwards, S. K. Afrane, I. K. Dontwi, and P. Laycock. "Professional Doctoral Scholarship in Ghana." Industry and Higher Education 29, no. 3 (June 2015): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2015.0257.
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The constantly evolving paradigm of 21st century educational offerings and the growing demand for ‘professional practice’ research degrees have raised concerns about the relevance of the traditional ‘theoretical’ PhD award. To meet this growing demand, and address these concerns, alternative routes to achieving the doctoral award have been developed (such as EngD and DBA). However, many higher education institutions in developing countries have not responded to the new demand. Against this contextual background, this paper reports on a case study of the recently established Centre for Doctoral Training in Business, Enterprise and Professional Studies (CDT-BEPS) at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana. The CDT-BEPS embraces five development stages of professional doctoral training and learning skills sets: business; research; creativity; transferability; and evidential learning. The framework for developing the CDT-BEPS was validated using feedback from an international panel of experts encompassing academics, researchers, students and practitioners. It is argued that the research findings may be useful for other HEIs in developing countries currently exploring alternative routes for doctoral training. It is noted that further research is required to establish strategic collaborative and operational frameworks to support the CDT-BEPS and its long-term sustainability.
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Walsh, Ian R., Rhona Trench, Lionel Pilkington, Eamonn Jordan, and Paige Reynolds. "Roundtable: ‘Re-imagining Twentieth-Century Irish Theatre’." Irish University Review 45, no. 1 (May 2015): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2015.0153.
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Following on from a roundtable discussion that took place at the 2013 Conference of the Irish Society of Theatre Research at the University of London, Birkbeck, this essay presents reflections on the developments in scholarship on twentieth-century Irish theatre and possible new directions or approaches to the subject by four eminent theatre scholars: Rhona Trench, Lionel Pilkington, Eamonn Jordan, and Paige Reynolds. The participants were asked to respond to Christopher Murray's influential 1997 publication Twentieth Century Irish Theatre: Mirror up to Nation as a prompt to organize the discussion.
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Khalidi, Raja. "Twenty-First Century Palestinian Development Studies." Journal of Palestine Studies 45, no. 4 (2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2016.45.4.7.
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Within the wide range of research and studies about Palestinian development, especially in the past twenty years, a new school of literature has recently emerged, drawing on heterodox economic and social science, settler-colonial studies, and the widening critique of neoliberalism. Studies in this issue of JPS are a selection of the intellectual output of a younger generation of scholars who have challenged the thrust of preceding literature produced by international and donor organizations, academics, and Israeli and Palestinian research projects. This new body of research critiques and proposes alternatives to scholarship that placed study of Palestinian economy and society within the parameters of the peace process, premised upon the supposed benefits of globalization and liberalization and more recently, reform and state-building as a precursor to national liberation.
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David, Alun. "Sir William Jones, Biblical Orientalism and Indian Scholarship." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014128.
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For many students of late-eighteenth and nineteenth-century British intellectual and literary history, Sir William Jones (1746–94) has lately come to seem a figure of great significance for our understanding of the period. A notable if implicit claim for his importance is to be found in Jerome McGann's revisionist New Oxford Book of Romantic Period Verse (1993); A Hymn to Na'ra'yena (1785), Jones's translation from the Sanskrit, is symbolically placed as the anthology's first item. This essay will argue that Jones's Indian scholarship will be better understood in the light of its links with contemporary developments in biblical criticism.
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King, Andrew J. "Constructing Gender: Sexual Slander in Nineteenth-Century America." Law and History Review 13, no. 1 (1995): 63–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743956.
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The decades following the American Revolution witnessed major changes in American society. As traditional means of social control eroded, an increasingly secular society turned to lawmakers—both judicial and legislative—to craft new norms. Nineteenth-century legislators and judges actively promoted new visions of the economy, politics, and society. No area of social concern escaped their attention. Recent scholarship focusing on women and the family has explored how lawmakers transformed pre-Revolutionary legal concepts in reaction to changes in the nature of the family itself. This article examines the legal response in one narrow intersection of law and society: the law of sexual slander.
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Doyle, B. Rod. "Book Review: The Ecole Bibliaue and the New Testament: A Century of Scholarship (1890-1990)." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 4, no. 3 (October 1991): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9100400312.
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Rozman, Gilbert. "China's Soviet Watchers in the 1980s: A New Era in Scholarship." World Politics 37, no. 4 (July 1985): 435–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010340.
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What are Chinese scholars writing about internal developments in the Soviet Union? Are they positive or negative in their assessments of each stage of Soviet history, from the early leadership of Lenin to the recent accession of Gorbachev? What are the consequences that changing Chinese attitudes are likely to have for Sino-Soviet relations? After a quarter-century of the Sino-Soviet split, foreign observers no longer need to grasp at tiny straws of information, or to rely solely on a small number of official documents and authoritative articles. The study of new, published sources can add substantially to our understanding of international perceptions in the socialist world, and can bring us nearer to the elusive goal of learning about debates on foreign policy in communist-led countries. Academic journals and books from the late 1960s in the Soviet Union, and from 1979 in China, present an impressively detailed and intriguingly lively literature on the problems of socialism in the other country. Having previously examined Soviet writings on China, I will introduce Chinese publications on the Soviet Union in this article.
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Dunson, Ben C. "The Individual and Community in Twentieth- and Twenty-first-Century Pauline Scholarship." Currents in Biblical Research 9, no. 1 (September 23, 2010): 63–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x10362859.
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Rudolf Bultmann’s existential approach to New Testament theology found many supporters in the twentieth century. It also provoked a forceful response from his student Ernst Käsemann, who insisted that Bultmann’s individualizing interpretation, especially of Paul, was defective on exegetical, theological and philosophical grounds, because it ignored Paul’s cosmic and communal theology. The debate between these two scholars has been furthered quite vigorously in subsequent Pauline scholarship. Most scholars have followed Käsemann’s lead (directly or not) in reading Paul in a comprehensively, and, often, exclusively communal fashion. However, recent voices have questioned whether the communal reaction against Bultmannian existentialism may be one-sided, and may obscure other, equally important facets of Paul’s thought. This article surveys the debate between Bultmann and Käsemann, and the trajectories it has taken since, with special attention directed towards the most pressing interpretive issues related to the place of the individual and community in Pauline thought.
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Watt, Paul. "Street Music in the Nineteenth Century: Histories and Historiographies." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409817000039.
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This article highlights the paucity of musicological scholarship on street music in the nineteenth century but examines narratives of noise, music and morality that are situated in studies of street music in related literature. The article argues that a new history of street music in the nineteenth century is overdue and charts ways in which such studies may be undertaken given the substantial primary source material to work with and the proliferation and usefulness of theoretical studies in related disciplines.
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McCloskey, Donald N. "The Prudent Peasant: New Findings on Open Fields." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 2 (June 1991): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700038985.
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The usual picture of the medieval peasantry is based on nineteenth-century scholarship, which has proven difficult to dislodge from educated minds. This article continues the revision of an important detail in the picture, the scattering of plots in open fields. Some recent work on the subject by Robert Allen and Gregory Clark is midly disputed, and new evidence is presented that risk avoidance is the key to understanding peasant behavior. The reason for the scattering was not sentiment or socialism. Peasants were not perhaps rational in every detail; but they were prudent.
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Ghazzal, Zouhair. "Islamic Law in Contemporary Scholarship." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 34, no. 2 (2000): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400040426.
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Despite the importance of law in societal formations, and what looks like a revival in the field of legal studies, Islamic law is still by and large accessible to only a small group of specialists, and thus cannot claim a large audience even within Islamic and Middle (Near) Eastern studies, not to mention the much broader European and American legal scholarship. There are various reasons for such isolation, which are too complex to enumerate in a summary fashion, but which mostly involve the way the scholarship has evolved in the last few decades in Islamic societies, Europe, and North America, and which reflects the nature of Islamic law. First, unlike Roman law and all the continental codes that followed, and unlike the English and American common-law systems, what is commonly referred to as ‘Islamic law’ does not stand out as an organized set of codes, statutes, or even precedents. Instead, the body of Islamic law, which stretches over many centuries, has spawned several schools known as the madha̱hib, so that a modern scholar who needs to look at the legal framework of, say, an institution of the early ‘Abba̱sid period would have to dig hard into the labyrinth of the fiqh manuals only to realize that layers of interpretations follow each opinion, making it unrealistic to limit the ‘law’ to a set of codified norms. Second, modern scholars tend to look skeptically at the large corpus of Islamic law precisely because of its prescriptive nature and its uncertain historical evolution. We have consequently made little progress in assessing the nature of judicial decisionmaking and how the normative values prescribed by jurists affect it. Third, throughout the twentieth century, the majority of Islamic and Middle Eastern societies have adopted a new set of codes, a process that began in the second half of the previous century with Ottoman reforms, and which for the most part were derived from European civil-code systems. Since the implications of this rupture with the past have attracted little attention from scholars, the relevance of the classical legal systems is the biggest issue of concern here: will the transplanted systems utterly eclipse the various Islamic legal schools, or will there be a revival of the legal schools so as to make up for the inadequacies that result from the civil systems? Indeed, a lot needs to be done before more comprehensively elaborated codes are drafted, in particular in such domains as property, contract, and tort, which, under present conditions, seem like a hybrid mixture of Ottoman feudal practices and modern but poorly implemented Western notions.
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Ossa-Richardson, Anthony. "‘A Religious Attention to Minutiae’: César de Missy (1703–1775) Studies the New Testament." Erudition and the Republic of Letters 1, no. 2 (March 4, 2016): 151–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00102002.
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“This article offers a portrait of the milieu and scholarly activity of César de Missy, an assiduous and richly connected but hitherto unknown member of the Republic of Letters in eighteenth-century London. De Missy preached at Huguenot churches and collected books, especially bibles: he published little, but left a great deal of scholarship in manuscript, mostly concerned with the readings and codicology of the Greek New Testament. Perhaps his most peculiar and revealing pursuit was the minute study of scribal error in the production of manuscripts, an activity that absorbed his attention far more than its profit might seem to warrant. I argue that De Missy's fixation on the multiple histories of the scriptural text represents a private reaction to loss, turning away from the more conventional public scholarship of the Huguenot diaspora.”
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Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. "Transnational Scholarship: Building Linkages between the U.S. Africanist Community and Africa." African Issues 30, no. 2 (2002): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006521.
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Relations between the U.S. Africanist community and Africa are marked by complex connections, contestation, and challenges engendered by the intellectual, institutional, and ideological diversity of scholarly cultures, capacities, and commitments both in the United States and on the African continent. As we enter the new century, the scholarly enterprise on both sides of the Atlantic faces many perils and possibilities, both old and new, requiring innovative forms of engagement. Historically, as I have argued elsewhere, the patterns of academic exchange between the United States and Africa have been unbalanced. They are patterns that contemporary processes of globalization have helped reinforce and recast.
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Sörlin, Sverker. "The Contemporaneity of Environmental History: Negotiating Scholarship, Useful History, and the New Human Condition." Journal of Contemporary History 46, no. 3 (July 2011): 610–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411403298.
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Although a ‘product’ of the contemporary period, environmental history brings other disciplines, such as the natural sciences, to bear upon our understanding of contemporary history. It also expands our view of the contemporary era as one essentially linked to earlier epochs, linking twentieth-century ideas like the ‘environment’ to earlier special and cultural concepts. Environmental history complicates our view of contemporary history, challenging assumptions of modernization with narratives of decline and destruction. Environmental history, then, broadens our understanding of contemporary history, adding cultural, social, and scientific dimensions to deeply political issues.
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Ruggiero, Kristin. "The Devil and Modernity in Late Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires." Americas 59, no. 2 (October 2002): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0119.
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In the late nineteenth century, the move away from classical criminology toward positivist criminology brought with it new categories of crime and new definitions of the criminal. A great deal of scholarship has focused on positivism's new approach, which grew out of research in Europe, especially in France and Italy, and later took hold in Argentina and other Latin American countries. It might be supposed that as a state's judicial and penal authorities and doctors of forensic medicine were becoming more professionalized and positivist at this time, and as state and society were becoming more secularized and urbanized, such a traditional figure as the devil would have disappeared from criminal court cases.
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Nolan, Maura B. "Metaphoric History: Narrative and New Science in the Work of F. W. Maitland." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 3 (May 2003): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x47822.
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This article reads the work of F. W. Maitland, a foundational figure in medieval legal scholarship, as an extended meditation on the theory and practice of writing history. Because Maitland's scholarship not only occupies a central place in two disciplines (law and history) but also negotiates the competing demands of an older, narrative form of historiography and the newer, scientific discourses of sociology and anthropology, his writing illustrates the persistence of certain epistemological and methodological questions. In particular, it reveals a deep interest in the modes through which history is figured. Recognizing that history is epistemologically constructed through and by tropes—metaphor, metonymy, analogy—each with its own conceptual and practical logic, Maitland turns to a notion of metaphoric history to productively sustain the tension between the abstract and the concrete, the whole and the part, that haunts nineteenth-century history writing.
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Lämmert, Eberhard. "Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and New Hermeneutics." MANUSYA 4, no. 1 (2001): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00401005.
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When in European scholarship natural sciences have separated from humanities during the 19th century the concept of hermeneutics won the distinctive mark characterizing the special methods of the humanities in contrast to explanation practiced by natural sciences. The high esteem in literary studies for the individuality of a poet or writer implied that the most important aim of understanding and interpreting was to find the authorʼs secret intention. Maintaining the results of such research in literary studies necessarily must remain subjective or even ideologically determined made the Russian formalists - -later the structuralists from Prague and Western Europe- -try to find a more scientific constitution of a poetic text.
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Butticaz, Simon. "Theologies of the New Testament in Twentieth-Century Francophone Scholarship: An Assessment of an (Absent) Tradition." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 41, no. 4 (May 2, 2019): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x19832192.
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Anyone interested in theologies of the New Testament in twentieth-century francophone scholarship is likely to be disappointed. In effect, few French-speaking biblical scholars have produced synthesizing works that explore the theological depth and cohesion of the entire New Testament corpus. How are we to explain the lack of interest in this literary genre? Is it strictly a matter of chance, or does it reflect more fundamental considerations and scholarly criteria? Has francophone exegesis simply abandoned the approach, or has the theological study of the writings of nascent Christianity manifested itself in different exegetical forms? These are questions to which this study attempts to provide answers.
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Hilger, Stephanie M. "Re-Imagining the French Eighteenth Century: New Approaches in Scholarship and Innovative Tools for the Classroom." Eighteenth-Century Studies 36, no. 2 (2003): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2003.0013.
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Haines, John. "Friedrich Ludwig's ‘Musicology of the Future’: a commentary and translation." Plainsong and Medieval Music 12, no. 2 (October 2003): 129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137103003073.
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Friedrich Ludwig's appointment in medieval music at the University of Straßburg came at a crucial time for German musicology, then a new discipline in a flourishing academic environment. Upon entering his post at Straßburg in the autumn of 1905, Ludwig delivered a formal lecture, here translated, in which he outlined the goals for twentieth-century medieval musicology. While many of these goals, in particular the editing of certain theorists and late medieval repertories, have been achieved, other directions implied in Ludwig's synthetic approach have received less attention. Ludwig's own musicology was a creative combination of forces: on the one hand, a reaction to earlier French scholarship in archaeology and philology; on the other, a borrowing of recent German trends in historiography, philosophy and music. Most notable is the influence of Ranke and Hegel on Ludwig's then new concept of latent rhythm (i.e., ‘modal rhythm’) in medieval music. A century of scholarship later, Ludwig's vision for musicology as an innovative interdisciplinary conjunction has much to teach us.
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Volk, Kasper, and Chris Staysniak. "Bringing Jesuit Bibliography into the Twenty-First Century: Boston College’s New Sommervogel Online." Journal of Jesuit Studies 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00301004.
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This article introduces The Boston College Jesuit Bibliography: The New Sommervogel Online (nso), an ongoing project of the Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies at Boston College in conjunction with the publisher Brill. Named for the famed nineteenth-century Jesuit bibliographer Carlos Sommervogel, the nso is the modern incarnation of a long and distinctive tradition of Jesuit bibliography. It harnesses the capabilities of the digital age to create a comprehensive, searchable, and open-access database cataloging thousands of Jesuit-themed books, book chapters, articles, and book reviews. By consolidating and organizing existing scholarship on the Society of Jesus, the new resource will provide a valuable service to scholars around the world and facilitate additional development within the already dynamic and rapidly expanding field of Jesuit studies.
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CANNING, CHARLOTTE. "Directing History: Women, Performance and Scholarship." Theatre Research International 30, no. 1 (March 2005): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883304000860.
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The emergence of the director is usually seen as a crucial moment in late nineteenth-, early twentieth-century theatre history. Traditionally, the narrative of that emergence has focused on the director as a sole heroic individual, usually male. This article questions how that figure and those practices have been historicized. That historicization process has been (and continues to be) a disciplinary demonstration of power marked by the concomitant political operations of personal, geographical, and institutional identifications and affiliations. The specific political operation explored here is that of gender as the primary identification of the figures, institutions, and arguments. The thirty-year collaboration of Edith Isaacs and Rosamond Gilder on Theatre Arts, the primary voice in the United States for the reform of the theatre during the era that saw both the emergence of the director and the celebration of that emergence as the pinnacle of theatrical achievement is the example on which the article focuses. Gilder was Isaacs's assistant and successor, and she was also the author of Enter the Actress, the first book to create a history for women in the theatre. In three parts the article demonstrates how focusing on the journal, the collaboration, and the book offer a new conception of the director's history.
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Garcia, Claire. "“For a few days we would be residents in Africa”: Jessie Redmon Fausct's “Dark Algiers the White”." Ethnic Studies Review 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2007.30.1.103.
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American scholarship on the Harlem Renaissance has, until recently, been strongly U.S.-centric, but the work of many of the important writers of the New Negro-era has an international dimension, as writers attempted to place the African American struggle for political and civil rights and cultural authority in larger, often global, contexts. Recent scholarship has revealed that the term, “Harlem Renaissance,” used as a rubric to characterize the flowering of black culture-building and political activism in the first years of the 20th century is something of a misnomer.
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Bockmuehl, Markus. "‘To Be Or Not To Be’: The Possible Futures of New Testament Scholarship Markus Bockmueh." Scottish Journal of Theology 51, no. 3 (August 1998): 271–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600056726.
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One Tuesday afternoon in June of 1936, the newly installed Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity at Cambridge set out to deliver his inaugural lecture (Dodd 1936). As he stepped up to the podium, his subject stretched out before him in a wide open vista, clear and uncluttered, inviting him to enter into the inheritance of a century or more of successful scientific investigation. The man was C.H. Dodd; his title, ‘The Present Task in New Testament Studies’.