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Journal articles on the topic 'New cortex (neocortex)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Gould, Elizabeth, Alison J. Reeves, Michael S. A. Graziano, and Charles G. Gross. "Neurogenesis in the Neocortex of Adult Primates." Science 286, no. 5439 (1999): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.548.

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In primates, prefrontal, inferior temporal, and posterior parietal cortex are important for cognitive function. It is shown that in adult macaques, new neurons are added to these three neocortical association areas, but not to a primary sensory area (striate cortex). The new neurons appeared to originate in the subventricular zone and to migrate through the white matter to the neocortex, where they extended axons. These new neurons, which are continually added in adulthood, may play a role in the functions of association neocortex.

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2

Kirkcaldie, Matthew T. K., and Peter D. Kitchener. "When brains expand: mind and the evolution of cortex." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 19, no. 3 (2007): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00204.x.

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Objective:To critically examine the relationship between evolutionary and developmental influences on human neocortex and the properties of the conscious mind it creates.Methods:Using PubMed searches and the bibliographies of several monographs, we selected 50 key works, which offer empirical support for a novel understanding of the organization of the neocortex.Results:The cognitive gulf between humans and our closest primate relatives has usually been taken as evidence that our brains evolved crucial new mechanisms somehow conferring advanced capacities, particularly in association areas of

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Takehara-Nishiuchi, Kaori. "Prefrontal–hippocampal interaction during the encoding of new memories." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 4 (January 2020): 239821282092558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212820925580.

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The hippocampus rapidly forms associations among ongoing events as they unfold and later instructs the gradual stabilisation of their memory traces in the neocortex. Although this two-stage model of memory consolidation has gained substantial empirical support, parallel evidence from rodent studies suggests that the neocortex, in particular the medial prefrontal cortex, might work in concert with the hippocampus during the encoding of new experiences. This opinion article first summarises findings from behavioural, electrophysiological, and molecular studies in rodents that uncovered immediate

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Obukhov, D. K., T. A. Tsekhmistrenko, and E. V. Pushchina. "Current Views on the Evolutionary Development and Structure of the Mammal Neocortex." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 8, no. 3 (2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-3-96-107.

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The article presents a brief review of current ideas about the evolutionary development and structure of the new cortex (neocortex) of the endbrain in mammalian animals and humans. It discusses various principles of structural and functional organization of the cerebral cortical formations, the main directions and features of their development in ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The authors analyze the problem of a differentiated approach to the interpretation of data on specific and individual characteristics of the morphofunctional organization of the neocortex in mammals.

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Howarth, Clare, Padraig Gleeson, and David Attwell. "Updated Energy Budgets for Neural Computation in the Neocortex and Cerebellum." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 7 (2012): 1222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.35.

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The brain's energy supply determines its information processing power, and generates functional imaging signals. The energy use on the different subcellular processes underlying neural information processing has been estimated previously for the grey matter of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. However, these estimates need reevaluating following recent work demonstrating that action potentials in mammalian neurons are much more energy efficient than was previously thought. Using this new knowledge, this paper provides revised estimates for the energy expenditure on neural computation in a si

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Dayer, Alexandre G., Kathryn M. Cleaver, Thamara Abouantoun, and Heather A. Cameron. "New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors." Journal of Cell Biology 168, no. 3 (2005): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200407053.

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Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb is generally accepted, but its existence in other adult brain regions is highly controversial. We labeled newly born cells in adult rats with the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and used neuronal markers to characterize new cells at different time points after cell division. In the neocortex and striatum, we found BrdU-labeled cells that expressed each of the eight neuronal markers. Their size as well as staining for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, calretinin and/or calbindin, sugge

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Brodt, S., S. Gais, J. Beck, M. Erb, K. Scheffler, and M. Schönauer. "Fast track to the neocortex: A memory engram in the posterior parietal cortex." Science 362, no. 6418 (2018): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2528.

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Models of systems memory consolidation postulate a fast-learning hippocampal store and a slowly developing, stable neocortical store. Accordingly, early neocortical contributions to memory are deemed to reflect a hippocampus-driven online reinstatement of encoding activity. In contrast, we found that learning rapidly engenders an enduring memory engram in the human posterior parietal cortex. We assessed microstructural plasticity via diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as well as functional brain activity in an object–location learning task. We detected neocortical plasticity as earl

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Krubitzer, Leah A., and Jon H. Kass. "Cortical connections of MT in four species of primates: Areal, modular, and retinotopic patterns." Visual Neuroscience 5, no. 2 (1990): 165–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800000213.

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AbstractCortical connections were investigated by restricting injections of WGA-HRP to different parts of the middle temporal visual area, MT, in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, marmosets, and galagos. Cortex was flattened and sectioned tangentially to facilitate an analysis of the areal patterns of connections. In the experimental cases, brain sections reacted for cytochrome oxidase (CO) or stained for myelin were used to delimit visual areas of occipital and temporal cortex and visuomotor areas of the frontal lobe. Major findings are as follows: (1) The architectonic analysis suggests that in

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Bink, Hank, Madineh Sedigh-Sarvestani, Ivan Fernandez-Lamo, et al. "Spatiotemporal evolution of focal epileptiform activity from surface and laminar field recordings in cat neocortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 6 (2018): 2068–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00764.2017.

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New devices that use targeted electrical stimulation to treat refractory localization-related epilepsy have shown great promise, although it is not well known which targets most effectively prevent the initiation and spread of seizures. To better understand how the brain transitions from healthy to seizing on a local scale, we induced focal epileptiform activity in the visual cortex of five anesthetized cats with local application of the GABAA blocker picrotoxin while simultaneously recording local field potentials on a high-resolution electrocorticography array and laminar depth probes. Epile

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Wang, Dajue. "Global Action against Dementia Call for Innovations." Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2, no. 4 (2016): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18679/cn11-6030_r.2016.037.

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With the fast-growing aging population, dementia has become a health priority. However, in the past, medicine was largely dealing with physical disorders, and not enough knowledge and experience have been accumulated for mental health. The main and first symptom of this disorder is the loss of memory; hence, understanding the hippocampal formation is the key to tackling dementia. In 2007, a milestone book titled “Hippocampus Book” was published. One of the authors/editors is the 2014 Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, Professor John O'Keefe. It is a MUST-READ encyclopedia about the hip

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Druga, Rastislav. "Neocortical Inhibitory System." Folia Biologica 55, no. 6 (2009): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2009055060201.

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The neocortex contains two neuron types, excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal cells and inhibitory nonpyramidal (GABAergic) cells. GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons are morphologically distinct from excitatory pyramidal cells and account for 20–25 % of all neocortical neurons. Recent studies discovered that besides morphological features, inhibitory interneurons are molecularly and physiologically heterogenous and differ significantly in arrangement and terminations of their axonal endings. In neocortical interneurons, GABA is also co-localized with calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calb

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Paramonova, Natal’ya M., Sergey V. Chepur, Mariya О. Pervak, et al. "An electron microscopic study of neocortex of Syrian hamsters (<i>Mesocricetus auratus</i>) infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: <i>Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus</i>)." Problems of Virology 67, no. 5 (2022): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-130.

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Introduction. Convalescent COVID-19 patients have various signs of central nervous system damage, including those directly associated with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, studies of SARS-COV-2 related morphological changes in neocortex are particularly relevant for understanding the mechanisms of their formation and development of approaches to preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of antiviral drugs. The purpose of the research is a longitudinal study of the ultrastructural alterations in Syrian hamsters neocortex after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods. Male Syria

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Elabbady, Leila, Sharmishtaa Seshamani, Shang Mu, et al. "Perisomatic ultrastructure efficiently classifies cells in mouse cortex." Nature 640, no. 8058 (2025): 478–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07765-7.

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Abstract Mammalian neocortex contains a highly diverse set of cell types. These cell types have been mapped systematically using a variety of molecular, electrophysiological and morphological approaches1–4. Each modality offers new perspectives on the variation of biological processes underlying cell-type specialization. Cellular-scale electron microscopy provides dense ultrastructural examination and an unbiased perspective on the subcellular organization of brain cells, including their synaptic connectivity and nanometre-scale morphology. In data that contain tens of thousands of neurons, mo

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Mizin, V. V., V. P. Lyashenko, and S. M. Lukashov. "The bioelectric type of the visual area of the cerebral cortex of rats of all ages and sexes." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, no. 4 (2018): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021877.

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In the ontogenesis process, the cerebral cortex undergoes age-related changes. So far as, unlike practically all other systems of mammalian organs, the brain continues to develop and receive new functionality in the postnatal period. Thus with age, there are changes in the bioelectric characteristics of the neocortex. The purpose of the research is to determine the age and sex changes in the bioelectric activity of the cerebral visual cortex of male and female rats of different ages. In the article, we examined changes in absolute (μV2) and normalized (%) indicators of electrical activity of t

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Roland, Per E., and Lars Friberg. "The Effect of the GABA-A Agonist THIP on Regional Cortical Blood Flow in Humans. A New Test of Hemispheric Dominance." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 3 (1988): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.66.

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We studied the effect of a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–A receptor–induced postsynaptic inhibition on regional CBF (rCBF) in awake humans. For this purpose we used a new specific GABA–A agonist, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4)-pyridin-3-ol (THIP). As part of a new diagnostic procedure for the determination of which hemisphere subserved language, THIP was infused into the internal carotid artery 20 s before measurement of the rCBF. Administered by this route the THIP is distributed to the neocortex and neostriatum. THIP induced a dosage-dependent decrease of the rCBF. The rCBF decrease was not d

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Marín-Padilla, Miguel. "The Pyramidal Cell and its Local-Circuit Interneurons: A Hypothetical Unit of the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2, no. 3 (1990): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.3.180.

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A pyramidal cell with five of its local-circuit interneurons (Cajal–Retzius, Martinotti, Cajal double-bouquet, basket, and chandelier cells), constitutes a distinct structural/functional assemblage of the mammalian neocortex. This pyramidal/local-circuit neuronal assemblage is proposed herein as a basic neocortical unit. This unit is shared by all mammals, embodies both specific structural as well as functional elements, and constitutes an essential developmental building block of the neocortex. In the model, the pyramidal cell represents a distinct, stable, projective, excitatory neuron that

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Hicks, T. P., T. Kaneko, R. Metherate, J. I. Oka, and C. A. Stark. "Amino acids as transmitters of synaptic excitation in neocortical sensory processes." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 7 (1991): 1099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-162.

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Few synaptic transmitters are known to exist that are not represented in some region or another, or at some layer or other, in the cerebral cortex of mammalian brain. The more difficult job than mere identification of which substances are present, is that of the assignment of particular functional role(s) of such substances, and as well, of determining upon exactly which element(s) of the known synaptic circuitry of neocortex, such transmitters operate. Current wisdom subscribes to the view that the excitatory amino acids, most likely L-glutamate, and L-aspartate but perhaps also L-cysteate, L

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18

Dienel, Gerald A., Marika Kiessling, Michael Jacewicz, and William A. Pulsinelli. "Synthesis of Heat Shock Proteins in Rat Brain Cortex after Transient Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 6, no. 4 (1986): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1986.86.

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Cell-free protein synthesis and two-dimensional gel autoradiography were used to characterize early postischemic protein synthesis in rat neocortex. Severe forebrain ischemia was induced for 30 min (four-vessel occlusion model) and followed by 3 h of recirculation. Polysomes were isolated from the cerebral cortex, translated in vitro in a reticulocyte system, and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The translation products of postischemic polysomes included a major new protein family (70 kDa) with multiple isoelectric variants that was found to comigrate with the 68- to 70-kDa “he

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19

Polleux, Franck, Kristin L. Whitford, Paul A. Dijkhuizen, Tania Vitalis, and Anirvan Ghosh. "Control of cortical interneuron migration by neurotrophins and PI3-kinase signaling." Development 129, no. 13 (2002): 3147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.13.3147.

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During telencephalic development, cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) are thought to migrate to the neocortex to give rise to a majority of cortical GABAergic interneurons. By combining time-lapse video-microscopy, immunofluorescence and pharmacological perturbations in a new in vitro migration assay, we find that MGE-derived cells migrate through the entire extent of the cortex and into the CA fields of the hippocampus, but avoid the dentate gyrus. Migrating neurons initially travel within the marginal zone and intermediate zone, and can enter the cortical plate from either locati

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Shcherbak, N. S., G. Yu Yukina, E. G. Sukhorukova, and V. V. Thomson. "Effect of ischemic postconditioining on reaction of neocortex microglia after global brain ischemia in rats." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 19, no. 2 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-2-59-66.

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Introduction. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a new concept in the brain protection strategy. Almost all researches in this area focus on the functioning and survival of neurons, while non-neuronal cells affected by IPostC remain unexplored. The aim is to study the IPostC effect on changes in microglia in the neocortex of Wistar rats after global brain ischemia during various periods of reperfusion. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats were used as a model of a 10-minute global brain ischemia with a subsequent IPostC; the reperfusion-ischemia cycle was 15 s/15 s. In the early (2 days)

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Onisawa, Naomi, Hiroyuki Manabe, and Kensaku Mori. "Temporal coordination of olfactory cortex sharp-wave activity with up- and downstates in the orbitofrontal cortex during slow-wave sleep." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 1 (2017): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00069.2016.

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During slow-wave sleep, interareal communications via coordinated, slow oscillatory activities occur in the large-scale networks of the mammalian neocortex. Because olfactory cortex (OC) areas, which belong to paleocortex, show characteristic sharp-wave (SPW) activity during slow-wave sleep, we examined whether OC SPWs in freely behaving rats occur in temporal coordination with up- and downstates of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) slow oscillation. Simultaneous recordings of local field potentials and spike activities in the OC and OFC showed that during the downstate in the OFC, the OC also ex

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Noack, Florian, Silvia Vangelisti, Gerald Raffl, et al. "Multimodal profiling of the transcriptional regulatory landscape of the developing mouse cortex identifies Neurog2 as a key epigenome remodeler." Nature Neuroscience 25, no. 2 (2022): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-01002-4.

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AbstractHow multiple epigenetic layers and transcription factors (TFs) interact to facilitate brain development is largely unknown. Here, to systematically map the regulatory landscape of neural differentiation in the mouse neocortex, we profiled gene expression and chromatin accessibility in single cells and integrated these data with measurements of enhancer activity, DNA methylation and three-dimensional genome architecture in purified cell populations. This allowed us to identify thousands of new enhancers, their predicted target genes and the temporal relationships between enhancer activa

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Rjabceva, S. N., M. A. Korneeva, A. O. Chabatar, I. A. Siamionik, S. A. Guzov, and M. K. Nedzvedz. "Glial and microvascular vessels reactive changes in brain neocortex of patients with a new coronavirus disease." Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov 15, no. 4 (2023): 129–33. https://doi.org/10.56618/2071-2693_2023_15_4_129.

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Brain damage against the background of a new coronavirus disease is characterized by a wide range of clinical and morphological manifestations: from cognitive impairment to massive strokes. However, the response of glia and the microvascular changes in the cerebral cortex in asymptomatic CNS lesions against the background of COVID-19 have not been studied enough.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to analyze the glial-vascular reaction of the brain of patients with COVID-19.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the course of the study, a comparative characteristic of reactive changes in the glial and vascular component

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Cooke, James E., Andrew J. King, Ben D. B. Willmore, and Jan W. H. Schnupp. "Contrast gain control in mouse auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (2018): 1872–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00847.2017.

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The neocortex is thought to employ a number of canonical computations, but little is known about whether these computations rely on shared mechanisms across different neural populations. In recent years, the mouse has emerged as a powerful model organism for the dissection of the circuits and mechanisms underlying various aspects of neural processing and therefore provides an important avenue for research into putative canonical computations. One such computation is contrast gain control, the systematic adjustment of neural gain in accordance with the contrast of sensory input, which helps to

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Bolleboom, A., B. L. J. Bouwen, C. M. F. Dirven, A. J. P. E. Vincent, and Z. Gao. "P19.05.A THE NEURONAL CORRELATES OF BRAIN TUMOR ASSOCIATED SEIZURES IN HUMAN AND MOUSE PERITUMORAL CORTEX." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_2 (2023): ii125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad137.423.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The occurrence of seizures is the most common comorbidity in malignant brain tumors. Recent advancements in the field of cancer neuroscience indicate that seizures can potentially influence brain tumor progression through intricate neuron-glioma interactions in the peritumoral infiltrated cortex of glioma patients. Therefore, understanding not only the tumor processes but also the neuronal properties in the tumor microenvironment could provide key insights into the relationship between epilepsy and tumor progression. To investigate this, we conducted a study to characterize

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Mao, Yu-Ting, Tian-Miao Hua, and Sarah L. Pallas. "Competition and convergence between auditory and cross-modal visual inputs to primary auditory cortical areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 4 (2011): 1558–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00407.2010.

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Sensory neocortex is capable of considerable plasticity after sensory deprivation or damage to input pathways, especially early in development. Although plasticity can often be restorative, sometimes novel, ectopic inputs invade the affected cortical area. Invading inputs from other sensory modalities may compromise the original function or even take over, imposing a new function and preventing recovery. Using ferrets whose retinal axons were rerouted into auditory thalamus at birth, we were able to examine the effect of varying the degree of ectopic, cross-modal input on reorganization of dev

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Claudio Osvaldo Cervino and Omar Héctor Iodice. "Bilateral ablation of the vomeronasal organs produces dramatic changes in the EEG of the main olfactory system during paradoxical sleep." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 070–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.13.3.0119.

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Background: The vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays an important role in reproductive physiology, behavior, sexual behavior and aggression. Objective: The aim is to report a surprising effect of the removal of the VNO on the cortical electrical activity of the olfactory bulb, piriform lobe and frontal cortex exclusively during paradoxical sleep (PS). Methodology: Seventeen adult armadillos chronically prepared for electrographic recordings were employed. Some animals were subjected to VNO bilateral remove. They were studied during wakefulness and sleep phases. Results: An outstanding phenomenon occu

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Turchyna, N. S., S. I. Savosko, S. L. Ribalko, D. B. Starosila, and D. I. Kolisnik. "Pathological changes on basis of ischemia with associated virus infection in mice brain." Reports of Morphology 24, no. 4 (2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2018-24(4)-10.

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The global literature constantly receives new data showing the infectious pathogens as factors for development of atherosclerosis and acute cerebrovascular pathology, and the data showing the predictors of pathology of the heart-vessels as markers of inflammation. The results of research about the connection between the infectious agents and atherosclerosis are ambiguous, and the attempts to prove such connection have encouraged the experiments where the infectious agents with atherogenesis are modeled in animals. The connection of this data with ischemic lesion of brain is not properly explor

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Osman, Ahmed M., Michelle J. Porritt, Michael Nilsson, and H. Georg Kuhn. "Long-Term Stimulation of Neural Progenitor Cell Migration After Cortical Ischemia in Mice." Stroke 42, no. 12 (2011): 3559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.627802.

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Background and Purpose— Cortical ischemia induces neural progenitor cell migration toward the injury site; however, whether these cells are capable of maintaining the migratory response for a longer period after injury remains uncertain. Methods— We analyzed progenitor migration up to 1 year after induction of photothrombotic stroke to the mouse neocortex. Migrating progenitors identified as doublecortin positive cells (DCX + ) were assessed using the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The thymidine analogues chlorodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine were used to birth-date the progeni

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Matsuda, Kouki, Arata Shirakami, Ryota Nakajima, Tatsuya Akutsu, and Masanori Shimono. "Whole-Brain Evaluation of Cortical Microconnectomes." eneuro 10, no. 10 (2023): ENEURO.0094–23.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0094-23.2023.

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AbstractThe brain is an organ that functions as a network of many elements connected in a nonuniform manner. In the brain, the neocortex is evolutionarily newest and is thought to be primarily responsible for the high intelligence of mammals. In the mature mammalian brain, all cortical regions are expected to have some degree of homology, but have some variations of local circuits to achieve specific functions performed by individual regions. However, few cellular-level studies have examined how the networks within different cortical regions differ. This study aimed to find rules for systemati

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Munoz, William, and Ziv Williams. "478 Single-Neuron and Columnar Computations in the Human Prefrontal Cortex Underlying Transformations From Conscious Visual Perception to Speech Production." Neurosurgery 70, Supplement_1 (2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002809_478.

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INTRODUCTION: The basic functional unit of the mammalian neocortex is the cortical column. It consists of a vast diversity of circuit elements and interconnected layers supporting a range of computations for cognitive functions. While much progress has been made in our understanding of its functional architecture in animal models, its role in complex, uniquely human cognitive processes remain unknown. METHODS: We utilized a new columnar recording approach in humans participating of cognitive tasks, while undergoing awake neurosurgical procedures. The novelty of this approach hinged on utilizin

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Claudio, Osvaldo Cervino, and Héctor Iodice Omar. "Bilateral ablation of the vomeronasal organs produces dramatic changes in the EEG of the main olfactory system during paradoxical sleep." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 070–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8031580.

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<strong>Background: </strong>The vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays an important role in reproductive physiology, behavior, sexual behavior and aggression. <strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is to report a surprising effect of the removal of the VNO on the cortical electrical activity of the olfactory bulb, piriform lobe and frontal cortex exclusively during paradoxical sleep (PS). <strong>Methodology: </strong>Seventeen adult armadillos chronically prepared for electrographic recordings were employed. Some animals were subjected to VNO bilateral remove. They were studied during wak

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Sobennikov, Vasiliy S., Evgeniy V. Vinokurov, Lyubov V. Rychkova, and Veronika V. Sobennikova. "Emotional Dysregulation as a Factor of Psychosomatic Disturbances in Depression and Cardiovascular Pathology (Analytical Review of Foreign Literature)." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 4, no. 1 (2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2019-4.1.13.

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The review presents data on cognitive processes of emotional regulation, which are the result of the interaction of the activity of the prefrontal cortex and emotional centers, as the most important pathogenetic link in the psychosomatic relations of depressive and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroanatomical substrate of emotional regulation is the connection between emotional and cognitive processes, which are carried out through bidirectional neuronal interactions between the neocortex and emotional centers. This connection allows emotional centers to modulate cortical activity, and cogniti

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Skinner, James, Mark Molnar, and Zbigniew Kowalik. "The role of the thalamic reticular neurons in alpha- and gamma-oscillations in neocortex: a mechanism for selective perception and stimulus binding." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 60, no. 1 (2000): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2000-1330.

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The long-term objective is to understand how large masses of neurons in the brain process information during various learning and memory paradigms. Both time- and space-dependent processes have been identified in animals through computer-based analytic quantifications of event-related extracellular potentials. New nonlinear analyses have been introduced that presume that the fine-grain variation in the signal is determined and patterned in phase-space. Some neurons in the primary visual cortex manifest gamma-band oscillations. These cells show both a nonspecific phase-alignment (response synch

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Muir, Dylan R., and Matthew Cook. "Anatomical Constraints on Lateral Competition in Columnar Cortical Architectures." Neural Computation 26, no. 8 (2014): 1624–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00613.

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Competition is a well-studied and powerful mechanism for information processing in neuronal networks, providing noise rejection, signal restoration, decision making and associative memory properties, with relatively simple requirements for network architecture. Models based on competitive interactions have been used to describe the shaping of functional properties in visual cortex, as well as the development of functional maps in columnar cortex. These models require competition within a cortical area to occur on a wider spatial scale than cooperation, usually implemented by lateral inhibitory

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Atir-Sharon, Tali, Asaf Gilboa, Hananel Hazan, Ester Koilis, and Larry M. Manevitz. "Decoding the Formation of New Semantics: MVPA Investigation of Rapid Neocortical Plasticity during Associative Encoding through Fast Mapping." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/804385.

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Neocortical structures typically only support slow acquisition of declarative memory; however, learning through fast mapping may facilitate rapid learning-induced cortical plasticity and hippocampal-independent integration of novel associations into existing semantic networks. During fast mapping the meaning of new words and concepts is inferred, and durable novel associations are incidentally formed, a process thought to support early childhood’s exuberant learning. The anterior temporal lobe, a cortical semantic memory hub, may critically support such learning. We investigated encoding of se

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Maharjan, Dhruba Tara, Weichen Song, Zhe Liu, et al. "A Comprehensive Study of De Novo Mutations on the Protein-Protein Interaction Interfaces Provides New Insights into Developmental Delay." Biomolecules 12, no. 11 (2022): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12111643.

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Mutations, especially those at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface, have been associated with various diseases. Meanwhile, though de novo mutations (DNMs) have been proven important in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as developmental delay (DD), the relationship between PPI interface DNMs and DD has not been well studied. Here we curated developmental delay DNM datasets from the PsyMuKB database and showed that DD patients showed a higher rate and deleteriousness in DNM missense on the PPI interface than sibling control. Next, we identified 302 DD-related PsychiPPIs, defined as PP

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Lee, Seung Woo, Florian Fallegger, Bernard D. F. Casse, and Shelley I. Fried. "Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic stimulation." Science Advances 2, no. 12 (2016): e1600889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600889.

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Neural prostheses that stimulate the neocortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological disorders. However, the efficacy of electrode-based implants remains limited, with persistent challenges that include an inability to create precise patterns of neural activity as well as difficulties in maintaining response consistency over time. These problems arise from fundamental limitations of electrodes as well as their susceptibility to implantation and have proven difficult to overcome. Magnetic stimulation can address many of these limitations, but coils small enough to be implante

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Kustova, A. O., J. C. Celis Suescun, V. P. Rybakova, and V. S. Tarabykin. "Study of the role of evolutionary new enhancers in the development of the <i>corpus callosum</i>." Genes & Cells 18, no. 4 (2023): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/gc623464.

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One important aspect of the mammalian brain is the exchange of information between neurons located in different hemispheres. This process evolved during the development of mammals. In marsupial (Marsupialia) and monotreme (Monotremata) mammals, the communication between hemispheres is facilitated through an enlarged anterior commissure. In placental (Eutheria) mammals, a new brain structure, the corpus callosum, emerged during the evolutionary process. The corpus callosum, comprising 80% of the brain’s commissural axons, is the largest commissure in the human body. The corpus callosum is a maj

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Ueta, Yoshifumi, Jaerin Sohn, Fransiscus Adrian Agahari, et al. "Ipsi- and contralateral corticocortical projection-dependent subcircuits in layer 2 of the rat frontal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 4 (2019): 1461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00333.2019.

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In the neocortex, both layer 2/3 and layer 5 contain corticocortical pyramidal cells projecting to other cortices. We previously found that among L5 pyramidal cells of the secondary motor cortex (M2), not only intratelencephalic projection cells but also pyramidal tract cells innervate ipsilateral cortices and that the two subtypes are different in corticocortical projection diversity and axonal laminar distributions. Layer 2/3 houses intratelencephalically projecting pyramidal cells that also innervate multiple ipsilateral and contralateral cortices. However, it remained unclear whether layer

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Sharp, Frank R., Jialing Lu, Matthew Bartels, and Aigang Lu. "Microglia Proliferate in Striatum and Cortex but not Hippocampus Following Brief Periods of Ischemia that do not Kill Neurons." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (2001): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.327-a.

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61 Because ischemia induced tolerance induces the birth of new neurons following global ischemia, this study determined whether 2.5 minutes of global ischemia and ischemia-induced tolerance would induce the birth of glia in the brain.Following 0, 2.5, or 5 minutes of global ischemia, adult male gerbils were injected with BrdU (50mg/kg) and dividing cells detected using immunocytochemistry. At four days following 2.5 minutes of global ischemia, when cell proliferation was maximal, BrdU labeled cells were detected in striatum and in neocortex, but not in hippocampus. The majority of the BrdU lab

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Kolesnikova, A. A., Yu B. Malofey, N. Yu Yakusheva, et al. "Effects of glyprolines on free-radical oxidation in the brain neocortex of white rats in mild traumatic brain injury." Сибирский научный медицинский журнал 42, no. 2 (2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20220207.

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The aim of the study was to compare the effect of glyproline peptides RGRGP (Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-Pro), RGP (Arg-GlyPro), PRPGP (Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) and PGPL (Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) peptide substances at various concentrations on the free radical oxidation intensity of the brain tissues of Wistar males after intraperitoneal administration of peptide solutions after traumatic brain injury.Material and methods. The brain tissue of Wistar males aged 2–3 months (n = 126) were used in the experiment. RGRGP, RGP, PRPGP, and PGPL peptides were provided by Academician N.F. Myasoyedov. Traumatic brain injury (TB

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Slovin, Hamutal, Amos Arieli, Rina Hildesheim, and Amiram Grinvald. "Long-Term Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Cortical Dynamics in Behaving Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 6 (2002): 3421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00194.2002.

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A novel method of chronic optical imaging based on new voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) was developed to facilitate the explorations of the spatial and temporal patterns underlying higher cognitive functions in the neocortex of behaving monkeys. Using this system, we were able to explore cortical dynamics, with high spatial and temporal resolution, over period of ≤1 yr from the same patch of cortex. The visual cortices of trained macaques were stained one to three times a week, and immediately after each staining session, the monkey started to perform the behavioral task, while the primary and se

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Martinez-Banaclocha, Marcos. "Astroglial Isopotentiality and Calcium-Associated Biomagnetic Field Effects on Cortical Neuronal Coupling." Cells 9, no. 2 (2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020439.

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Synaptic neurotransmission is necessary but does not sufficiently explain superior cognitive faculties. Growing evidence has shown that neuron–astroglial chemical crosstalk plays a critical role in the processing of information, computation, and memory. In addition to chemical and electrical communication among neurons and between neurons and astrocytes, other nonsynaptic mechanisms called ephaptic interactions can contribute to the neuronal synchronization from different brain regions involved in the processing of information. New research on brain astrocytes has clearly shown that the membra

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Zarzecki, P., S. Witte, E. Smits, D. C. Gordon, P. Kirchberger, and D. D. Rasmusson. "Synaptic mechanisms of cortical representational plasticity: somatosensory and corticocortical EPSPs in reorganized raccoon SI cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 5 (1993): 1422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.5.1422.

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1. Reorganizations of representational maps have been described for a variety of sensory and motor regions of cerebral neocortex in several species. The purpose of this study was to investigate synaptic mechanisms of the reorganizations of primary somatosensory cortex that follow removal of a digit or the joining of two digits into a syndactyly. We examined neurons in the cortical representation of digit 4 (d4). Intracellular recording was used to compare somatosensory and corticocortical excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in normal raccoons, with EPSPs recorded in two experimental gro

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Sherman, Maxwell A., Shane Lee, Robert Law, et al. "Neural mechanisms of transient neocortical beta rhythms: Converging evidence from humans, computational modeling, monkeys, and mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 33 (2016): E4885—E4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604135113.

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Human neocortical 15–29-Hz beta oscillations are strong predictors of perceptual and motor performance. However, the mechanistic origin of beta in vivo is unknown, hindering understanding of its functional role. Combining human magnetoencephalography (MEG), computational modeling, and laminar recordings in animals, we present a new theory that accounts for the origin of spontaneous neocortical beta. In our MEG data, spontaneous beta activity from somatosensory and frontal cortex emerged as noncontinuous beta events typically lasting <150 ms with a stereotypical waveform. Computational model

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Henriksen, Otto M., Mark B. Vestergaard, Ulrich Lindberg, et al. "Interindividual and regional relationship between cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in the resting brain." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 4 (2018): 1080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00276.2018.

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Studies of the resting brain measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) show large interindividual and regional variability, but the metabolic basis of this variability is not fully established. The aim of the present study was to reassess regional and interindividual relationships between cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism in the resting brain. Regional quantitative measurements of CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) were obtained in 24 healthy young men using dynamic [15O]H2O and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). Magnetic resonance imaging meas

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Rosa, Marcello G. P., Juliana G. M. Soares, Mario Fiorani, and Ricardo Gattass. "Cortical afferents of visual area MT in the Cebus monkey: Possible homologies between New and old World monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 5 (1993): 827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006064.

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AbstractCortical projections to the middle temporal (MT) visual area were studied by injecting the retrogradely transported fluorescent tracer Fast Blue into MT in adult New World monkeys (Cebus apella). Injection sites were selected based on electrophysiological recordings, and covered eccentricities from 2–70 deg, in both the upper and lower visual fields. The position and laminar distribution of labeled cell bodies were correlated with myeloarchitectonic boundaries and displayed in flat reconstructions of the neocortex. Topographically organized projections were found to arise mainly from t

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Nevmerzhytska, Nataliia, Maria Kharchenko, and Marta Prokopiv. "Characteristics and significance of cerebellum`s evolutionary changes, as a part of central nervous system, during the evolution of the human brain:part 2." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 155, no. 2 (2025): 274–79. https://doi.org/10.32345/supplement.2.2025.274-279.

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This section of the article explores the evolutionary aspects of cerebellar and cerebral development in Homo sapiens, with a focus on their role in the emergence of complex cognitive, emotional, and social functions. Traditional views of the "triune brain," which divide it into reptilian, limbic, and neocortical parts, are increasingly criticized for overlooking the dynamic and interdependent nature of brain structures. Instead of a hierarchy of "old" and "new" regions, modern science presents the brain as a single integrated system, where the cerebellum performs functions that go far beyond m

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Karkischenko, N. N., V. N. Karkischenko, Yu V. Fokin, L. A. Taboyakova, O. V. Alimkina, and M. M. Borisova. "Between Cognitivity and Neuropathies: Neuroimaging of the Effects of GABAergic Modulation of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Neocortexis by Normalized Brain Electrograms." Journal Biomed, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-16-2-12-38.

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A comparative analysis conducted across the entire range of normalized brain electrograms (NBE) revealed the selective effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives in the hippocampus and frontal pole of the neocortex. A signifi cant similarity in the level of activation of these brain regions was revealed under the action of glutamine and, particularly, gabapentin. For gabapentin, the activity of the hippocampus is more comparable to that in the anterior suprasilvius gyrus. Under the action of pregabalin, NBE revealed a similarity between the hippocampus and the proreal gyrus, with a m

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