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Journal articles on the topic 'New criterion (New York, N.Y.)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

LI, XIAN-JIN. "ON THE EXPLICIT FORMULA IN THE THEORY OF PRIME NUMBERS." International Journal of Number Theory 08, no. 03 (April 7, 2012): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112500327.

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In [Complements to Li's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis, J. Number Theory77 (1999) 274–287] Bombieri and Lagarias observed the remarkable identity [1 - (1 - 1/s)n] + [1 - (1 - 1/(1 - s))n] = [1 - (1 - 1/s)n]⋅[1 - (1 - 1/(1 - s))n], and pointed out that the positivity in Li's criterion [The positivity of a sequence of numbers and the Riemann hypothesis, J. Number Theory65 (1997) 325–333] has the same meaning as in Weil's criterion [Sur les "formules explicites" de la théorie des nombres premiers, in Oeuvres Scientifiques, Collected Paper, Vol. II (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 48–61]. Let λn = ∑ρ[1 - (1 - 1/ρ)n] for n = 1, 2, …, where ρ runs over the complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). In this note, a certain truncation of λn is expressed as Weil's explicit formula [Sur les "formules explicites" de la théorie des nombres premiers, in Oeuvres Scientifiques, Collected Paper, Vol. II (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 48–61] for each positive integer n. By using the Bombieri and Lagarias' identity, we prove that the positivity of these truncations implies the Riemann hypothesis. If these truncations have suitable upper bounds, we prove that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line.

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Musharbash, Farah N., Matthew R. Schill, Vivek H. Hansalia, Richard B. Schuessler, Jeremy E. Leidenfrost, Spencer J. Melby, and Ralph J. Damiano. "Minimally Invasive versus Full-Sternotomy Septal Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 13, no. 4 (July 2018): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000536.

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Objective Septal myectomy remains the criterion standard for the treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy refractory to medical therapy. There have been few reports of minimally invasive approaches. This study compared a minimally invasive septal myectomy performed at our institution with the traditional full-sternotomy approach. Methods Patients receiving a stand-alone septal myectomy were retrospectively reviewed from November 1999 to December 2016 (N = 120). Patients were stratified by surgical approach: traditional full sternotomy (n = 34) and ministernotomy (n = 86). Preoperative and perioperative variables were compared as well as follow-up symptomatic and echocardiographic outcomes. Results Both groups had a significant decrease in New York Heart Association class heart failure symptoms ( P < 0.001). At a mean ± SD follow-up time of 2.0 ± 3.4 years, postoperative New York Heart Association class distribution was similar between ministernotomy and full sternotomy ( P = 0.684). Follow-up resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient was also similar between ministernotomy and full sternotomy (11 mm Hg ± 15 vs 9 mm Hg ± 13, P = 0.381). Perioperatively, ministernotomy was not significantly different from full sternotomy in median cardiopulmonary bypass time (81 minutes vs 78 minutes, P = 0.101) but had a slightly longer median cross-clamp time (39 minutes vs 35 minutes, P = 0.017). Major complications were similar in the two groups. There was one 30-day mortality in the full-sternotomy group, but no in-hospital deaths. Conclusions Septal myectomy performed using a minimally invasive approach has similar outcomes to the criterion standard operation done through a full sternotomy. It represents a feasible option for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy unresponsive to medications.

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Matt, Georg E., and Carmelo Vázquez. "Anxiety, Depressed Mood, Self-Esteem, and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Distant Witnesses of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: Transitory Responses and Psychological Resilience." Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (November 2008): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004509.

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Posttraumatic stress related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and general psychological distress were examined in six cohorts of college students (N=5,412) enrolled at an American public university between Spring 2000 and Fall 2002 some 2,500 miles from New York. Consistent with data from Schuster et al.'s (2001) national survey, which used a very low threshold criterion, our findings revealed that 44% of women and 32% of men experienced at least one symptom of posttraumatic stress 6-17 days after the attacks. In contrast to these results, depression levels showed only small differences, and self-esteem and trait anxiety showed no changes. Findings indicate that 9/11-related stress responses among distant witnesses were very mild, transitory and focused in scope, suggesting resilience with respect to broader psychological and psychopathological reactions. Findings are discussed with respect to the role of physical and psychological proximity on the reactions to traumatic events in the general population.

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Pucciarelli, Gianluca, Andrea Greco, Marco Paturzo, Corrine Y. Jurgens, Angela Durante, Rosaria Alvaro, and Ercole Vellone. "Psychometric evaluation of the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale in a European heart failure population." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 18, no. 6 (April 26, 2019): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515119846240.

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Background: The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is a four-factor instrument used to assess how bothersome are 18 physical signs and symptoms of heart failure. To date, construct validity and reliability of the HFSPS have been evaluated in only one American study and never in a European population. Aim: To evaluate psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the HFSPS in a European heart failure population. Methods: This was an Italian multicentre study in which the HFSPS factorial structure was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion related validity of the HFSPS was evaluated by correlating its factor scores with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores using Pearson’s r. The HFSPS internal consistency reliability was evaluated using the factor score determinacy coefficient, Cronbach’s α and model-based internal consistency index. Results: Most of the participants ( n=321) were male (56.6%), with a mean age of 71.48 years (SD, 12.75) and in New York Heart Association class II (61.8%). The confirmatory factor analysis, testing the original HFSPS four-factor structure (dyspnoea, chest discomfort, early and subtle, and oedema), resulted in the following supportive fit indices: χ2 (126, N=321)=337.612, p<0.001, comparative fit index =0.920, Tucker–Lewis index =0.903, root mean square error of approximation =0.072 and standardized root mean square residual =0.045. With regard to the criterion related validity, all the correlations with the KCCQ were statistically significant. The HFSPS reliability resulted in factor score determinacy coefficients ⩾ 0.87 and Cronbach’s α ⩾ 0.75, with the exception of the two-item chest discomfort subscale; the model-based reliability coefficient was 0.914. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the HFSPS were supportive in this European sample. The HFSPS can be used to assess how bothersome heart failure signs and symptoms are in order to improve their management.

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Ratwatte, Seshika, James Anderson, Geoffrey Strange, Carolyn Corrigan, Nicholas Collins, David S. Celermajer, Nathan Dwyer, et al. "Pulmonary arterial hypertension with below threshold pulmonary vascular resistance." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 1901654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01654-2019.

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Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >3 Wood units is a criterion of the haemodynamic definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, this cut-off is conservative and arbitrarily defined. Data is lacking on the natural history, response to therapy and survival of patients diagnosed with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) with mild or borderline elevation of PVR.In Australia, PAH therapy could be prescribed solely on mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) criteria. Using the Australian and New Zealand Pulmonary Hypertension Registry, we aimed to study a population diagnosed with PAH between January 2004 and December 2017 with the pre-defined haemodynamic characteristics of mean PAP ≥25 mmHg, PAWP ≤15 mmHg and PVR <3 Wood units.Eighty-two patients met the pre-defined haemodynamic inclusion criteria (mean age 63±11 years; 67 females). Underlying aetiologies included idiopathic disease (n=39), connective tissue disease (CTD; n=42) and HIV infection (n=1). At diagnosis, mean PAP was 27 mmHg (interquartile range (IQR) 25–30 mmHg), PAWP 13 mmHg (IQR 11–14 mmHg) and PVR 2.2 Wood units (IQR 1.9–2.7 Wood units). Baseline 6-min walk distance (6MWD) was 352 m (IQR 280–416 m) and 77% of subjects were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 3 or 4. All patients were commenced on initial monotherapy with an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA; n=66) or phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE5i; n=16). At first re-evaluation, 6MWD increased by 46 m (IQR 7–96 m) and 35% of subjects demonstrated improvement in NYHA functional class. After a median follow-up of 65 months (IQR 32–101 months), 18 out of 82 subjects (22.0%) had died, with estimated 1-year and 5-year survival rates of 98% and 84%, respectively. Death attributed to PAH occurred in six out of these 18 patients (33.3%, 7% of total cohort).Patients with precapillary PH and “borderline” PVR falling outside the current definition have adverse outcomes. Such patients appear to respond to PAH therapy; however, this requires further study in randomised trials.

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NGUYEN, CHRISTELLE, IMAD BENDEDDOUCHE, KATHERINE SANCHEZ, MARYLÈNE JOUSSE, AGATHE PAPELARD, ANTOINE FEYDY, MICHEL REVEL, SERGE POIRAUDEAU, and FRANÇOIS RANNOU. "Assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Criteria in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Vertebral Endplate Modic I Signal Changes." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 11 (August 17, 2010): 2334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100165.

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Objective.Patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) and vertebral endplate Modic I signal changes on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have clinical features that could mimic inflammatory back pain related to spondyloarthritis (SpA) and/or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We aimed to assess whether such patients fulfilled criteria for SpA and/or AS.Methods.For 5 months in 2008, all patients (n = 314) referred to a tertiary care physical medicine and rehabilitation facility in France were consecutively screened. A total of 185 hospitalized for non-specific cLBP were prospectively assessed. Forty patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled and included in 2 groups according to MRI findings: Modic I (n = 15) and non-Modic I (n = 25). MRI findings were assessed independently by 2 spine specialists and a radiologist. HLA-B27 status was determined. Data were collected on clinical measurements and fulfillment of Amor criteria (AC) and modified New York criteria (mNYC). All assessors were blinded to HLA-B27 status.Results.Whatever the Modic group, no patient fulfilled AC or mNYC, and mean total scores were comparable [3 ± 2 (range 0–22; p = 0.977), 1 ± 1 (range 0–3; p = 1.000), and 0 ± 0 (range 0–1; p = 1.000) for AC and clinical and radiological mNYC, respectively]. HLA-B27 status was similar in both groups [n = 2 (13%) vs n = 0 (0%); p = 0.135].Conclusion.Patients with cLBP and Modic I vertebral endplate signal changes on lumbar MRI do not fulfill widely used and validated criteria for SpA and/or AS. Such cases are clinically distinct from SpA and AS.

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Shapoval, I., M. Stanislavchuk, and H. Movchan. "THU0480 EXPERIENCE USING DIFFERENT CRITERIA OF FIBROMYALGIA IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: 1990 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA VS. NEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 477.1–478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2615.

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Background:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a very frequent condition in patients with diseases associated with pain syndrome, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other chronic rheumatic diseases. FM, RA and AS has different clinical characteristics, but can share symptoms such as pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance that leads to delay in appropriation correct diagnosis [1]. For today well known many different criteria for FM: 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria, modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria, 2016 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria and new AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. According to the literature, prevalence FM in AS patients can reach from 12.6 to 28.5%, but prevalence estimates should be interpreted with care as no data that the criteria for FM have been validated for use in patients with AS and other chronic inflammatory arthritis [1, 2]. The lack of appropriate information needs further investigation for better identification FM.Objectives:The aim of our study was to compare the presence of FM by 1990 ACR classification criteria, modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria, 2016 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria and new criteria FM 2019 - AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia in AS patients.Methods:One hundred and thirteen AS patients (19 women and 94 men) with mean age (M ± SD) 42.3±10.94 years were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis AS was established according to modified New York criteria. For FM detection were used 1990 ACR classification criteria, modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria, 2016 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria and AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. All patients were asked to complete self-reported disease-related questionnaires for patients with AS.Results:According 1990 ACR criteria, FM met in 26 patients (23%). 38.1% patients were positively screened for FM due to modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria, and in 31.9% patients according 2016 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria, and in 41.6% patients due to AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. All new criteria correlated with 1990 ACR classification criteria with p<0,01: r=0.654, r=0.664, r=0.520, concordantly. Using the ROC analysis, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of different FM criteria in patients with AS. Our results showed high diagnostic value of all new criteria, but the most sensitive for detection FM in patients with AS were the modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 79%.Conclusion:Our study results confirmed very high prevalence FM in patients with AS.The most sensitive tool for detection FM in patients with AS were the modified 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 79%.The similar percentages of FM due to different classification criteria might be a good sign in context of the validity of these criteria for AS patient.References:[1]Zhao, S. S., Duffield, S. J., & Goodson, N. J. (2019). The prevalence and impact of comorbid fibromyalgia in inflammatory arthritis.Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 1014-23.[2]Salaffi, F., De Angelis, R., Carotti, M., Gutierrez, M., Sarzi-Puttini, P., & Atzeni, F. (2014). Fibromyalgia in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: epidemiological profile and effect on measures of disease activity.Rheumatology international,34(8), 1103-1110.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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Aydin, Sibel Z., W. P. Maksymowych, A. N. Bennett, D. McGonagle, P. Emery, and H. Marzo-Ortega. "Validation of the ASAS criteria and definition of a positive MRI of the sacroiliac joint in an inception cohort of axial spondyloarthritis followed up for 8 years." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 1 (September 6, 2011): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2011.153064.

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BackgroundThe new Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria classify axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) into human leucocyte antigen-B27 and/or imaging-based arms. To aid implementation, ASAS has proposed a definition of a positive MRI for active sacroiliitis.ObjectiveThe authors aimed to test the diagnostic and predictive value of the ASAS criteria and definition of a ‘positive’ MRI.MethodsBaseline MRI scans on 29 patients with early inflammatory back pain and 18 controls were read independently by four experienced rheumatologists. Both arms of the criteria were tested against a ‘gold standard’ of physician diagnosis of SpA. MRI abnormalities were assessed according to a global assessment of MRI and the ASAS definition. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios for individual and concordant reader data were calculated for axial SpA diagnosis at baseline and the development of radiographic sacroiliitis, fulfilling the modified New York criteria at 8 years.ResultsAll patients were classified as having axial SpA, with more patients fulfilling the imaging arm (83%, n=24/29) than the human leucocyte antigen B27 arm (62%, n=18/29). Concordant reader data showed that the baseline MRI had high diagnostic utility for SpA according to global assessment (sensitivity/specificity: 66%/94%, LR+ (positive likelihood ratio) 11.8, LR− (negative likelihood ratio) 0.4) and ASAS definition (sensitivity/specificity: 79%/89%, LR+ 7.1, LR− 0.2). Likewise, a positive baseline MRI had 100% sensitivity for subsequent radiographic sacroiliitis by either assessment, although specificity was lower (56% for global assessment and 33% for ASAS definition).ConclusionBoth arms of the ASAS criteria have good diagnostic utility in early SpA, although they are of limited value for the prediction of radiographic progression. This may be due to the definition of a positive MRI for sacroiliitis that lacks specificity at baseline.

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Colodner, Stephen, Maureen A. Mullen, Manish Salhotra, Jackson Schreiber, Melissa Spivey, Kirstin B. Thesing, James H. Wilson, et al. "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Criterion Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2233, no. 1 (January 2011): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2233-07.

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Hoefer, Dina, Patricia S. Ruppert, Elizabeth Rausch-Phung, Elizabeth Dufort, Manisha Patel, Manisha Patel, Dylan Johns, et al. "LB15. Measles Outbreak in New York State (NYS) Outside of New York City, 2018–2019." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S999—S1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2498.

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Abstract Background The United States is experiencing one of the largest and longest measles outbreaks since elimination was declared in 2000 and is at risk of losing this status. Most cases occurring in NYS were reported in undervaccinated communities. Methods We included all confirmed NYS measles cases (excluding NYC) from outbreak counties from October 1, 2018 to July 25, 2019. We used the CSTE measles case definition requiring an acute febrile rash illness and either laboratory confirmation or direct epidemiologic linkage to a lab-confirmed case. For each case, demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. A medical record review was completed for those reported to have an encounter at a hospital, emergency department, or urgent care center. Results There were 371 cases of measles reported, including 11 internationally imported cases. Most occurred in Rockland county (n = 283); followed by Orange (n = 55), Westchester (n = 18), Sullivan (n = 14) and Greene (n = 1) (Figures 1 and 2). The median age was 5.5 years; 79% of all cases occurred among children younger than 18 years of age (Figure 3). Most cases (79%) had not received any doses of measles vaccine. Of the 371 cases, 263 (71%) were children who had received 0 doses of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR), 218 (83%) of whom were over 1 year of age (Table 1). There have been no deaths or documented cases of encephalitis. Twenty-eight (8%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and 25 (7%) patients were hospitalized. Among 17 hospitalized children, 5 (29%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (ages 1 day to 7 years). There were two preterm births at 34 and 25 weeks gestation to women with measles while pregnant. During October 1, 2018–July 31, 2019, providers in outbreak counties vaccinated 72,465 individuals with MMR, a 46% increase from the same period the year prior. Conclusion Unvaccinated children were identified as the largest group affected and experienced severe complications; nearly 30% of hospitalized children were admitted to an ICU. These data support the critical need for continued education and outreach on the risks of measles and the value of vaccination to prevent continued circulation in undervaccinated communities and potential further cases of severe disease. Disclosures Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD, Akonni Biosystems (Other Financial or Material Support), ThermoFisher (Grant/Research Support), Zeptometrix (Other Financial or Material Support, royalty generating collaborative agreement); others, no disclosures reported..

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Brunetti, Maurizio. "A New Cohomological Criterion for the p-Nilpotence of Groups." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 41, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1998-004-x.

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AbstractLet G be a finite group, H a copy of its p-Sylow subgroup, and K(n)*(−) the n-th Morava K-theory at p. In this paper we prove that the existence of an isomorphism between K(n)*(BG) and K(n)*(BH) is a sufficient condition for G to be p-nilpotent.

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El-Anwar, Mohamed I., Mohamed M. El-Zawahry, Eman M. Ibraheem, Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, and Hisham ElGabry. "New dental implant selection criterion based on implant design." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 02 (April 2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.208432.

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ABSTRACT Objective: A comparative study between threaded and plain dental implant designs was performed to find out a new criterion for dental implant selection. Materials and Methods: Several dental implant designs with a systematic increase in diameter and length were positioned in a cylindrical-shaped bone section and analyzed using finite element method. Four loading types were tested on different dental implant designs; tension of 50 N, compression of 100 N, bending of 20 N, and torque of 2 Nm, to derive design curves. Results: Better stress distribution on both spongy and cortical bone was noted with an increase in dental implant diameter and length. With the increase in dental implant side area, a stress reduction in the surrounding bones was observed, where threaded dental implants showed better behavior over the plain ones. Conclusions: Increasing value of ratio between dental implant side area and its cross-sectional area reduces stresses transferred to cortical and spongy bones. The use of implants with higher ratio of side area to cross-section area, especially with weak jaw bone, is recommended.

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Desouky, Saad El-Din M. "A new laminar-turbulent-transition criterion for pseudoplastic fluids." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 5, no. 3 (April 1991): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(91)90044-n.

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Schoepf, K. F., and T. Hladschik. "Dynamic ignition - a new operation criterion for fusion plasmas." Annals of Nuclear Energy 23, no. 1 (January 1996): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4549(95)00032-n.

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FAUCI, L. "In: N. Akkas, Editor, , , Springer-Verlag, New York (1990)." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 54, no. 5 (September 1992): 897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80149-1.

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Healy, David. "Book Review: Rasmussen, N. (2008). On Speed: The Many Lives of Amphetamine. New York: New York University Press." Journal of Attention Disorders 12, no. 5 (March 2009): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054709331927.

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Kalinin, A. G., A. A. Lukyanchuk, and A. V. Pankov. "A new criterion for determination S-N curve of CFRP under tension." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 744 (February 10, 2020): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/744/1/012025.

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&NA;. "Irving N. Holtzman Fellowship in Dermatopathology at New York University." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 14, no. 6 (June 1990): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199006000-00018.

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&NA;. "Irving N. Holtzman Fellowship in Dermatopathology at New York University." American Journal of Dermatopathology 12, no. 2 (April 1990): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-199004000-00017.

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Feranec, Robert S., and Andrew L. Kozlowski. "New AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Late Pleistocene Mastodons and Mammoths in New York State, USA." Radiocarbon 54, no. 2 (2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i2.16009.

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During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) about 25,000 yr ago, the area of what is now New York State (USA) was almost entirely covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS; Dyke et al. 2002). Subsequent habitation of this area after the melting of the LIS necessitates dispersal of fauna, and the timing of the dispersal of particular species may aid in the understanding of how the modern ecosystems of New York were assembled. Mastodons and mammoths represent the most abundant post-LGM Pleistocene megafauna recovered in New York. However, many of the specimens have not been dated. This paper presents a set of dates from bone and tooth dentine collagen of late Pleistocene mastodon (n = 7) and mammoth (n = 3) specimens housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology Collections at the New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA.

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Feranec, Robert S., and Andrew L. Kozlowski. "New AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Late Pleistocene Mastodons and Mammoths in New York State, USA." Radiocarbon 54, no. 02 (2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004697x.

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During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) about 25,000 yr ago, the area of what is now New York State (USA) was almost entirely covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS; Dyke et al. 2002). Subsequent habitation of this area after the melting of the LIS necessitates dispersal of fauna, and the timing of the dispersal of particular species may aid in the understanding of how the modern ecosystems of New York were assembled. Mastodons and mammoths represent the most abundant post-LGM Pleistocene megafauna recovered in New York. However, many of the specimens have not been dated. This paper presents a set of dates from bone and tooth dentine collagen of late Pleistocene mastodon (n= 7) and mammoth (n= 3) specimens housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology Collections at the New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA.

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Oliver, D. "The invisible heart: economics and family values N. Folbre, The New Press, New York, 2002." Community Development Journal 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/39.2.197.

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AXLER, CHRISTIAN. "A NEW UPPER BOUND FOR THE SUM OF DIVISORS FUNCTION." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 96, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972717000624.

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Robin’s criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}(n)<e^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}n\log \log n$ for every positive integer $n\geq 5041$. In this paper we establish a new unconditional upper bound for the sum of divisors function, which improves the current best unconditional estimate given by Robin. For this purpose, we use a precise approximation for Chebyshev’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D717}$-function.

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Peters, Issa. "Mona N. Mikhail, Studies in the Short Fiction of Mahfouz and Idris, New York University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization (New York: New York University Press, 1992). Pp.180." International Journal of Middle East Studies 25, no. 04 (November 1993): 700–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800059456.

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Stiles, Warren C., and Michael Rutzke. "NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 255A—255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.255a.

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A total of 3850 leaf samples from commercial apple orchards located throughout New York State were submitted for analysis during the 1989-1992 seasons. These included 2583 samples from mature, 968 from young bearing age, and 299 from young nonbearing orchards. Percentages of samples (all ages and all varieties combined) found to be below currently recommended levels were: Zn 75%, Cu 74%, B 68%, Ca 63%, K 60%, Mg 60%, Mn 38%, Fe 19%, N 15%, and P 8%. Percentages of samples found to be above currently recommended levels were: N 21%: Zn 16%, Mn 13%, K 6%, B 4%, Mg 2%, Cu <1 %, and P <l %. Major problems consist of shortages of Zn, Cu, B, Ca, K, and Mg in 60% or more of all samples analyzed. Seasonal, varietal, pest management program, and tree age effects were apparent in the results, indicating that these factors must be considered in interpreting results of leaf sample analyses into recommendations for fertilization programs.

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Milgram, Gail Gleason. "An Analysis of Student Assistance Programs: Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York." Journal of Drug Education 28, no. 2 (June 1998): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h62u-b31y-d8fr-q2m5.

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A questionnaire, designed to determine the process for identifying and providing assistance to students who demonstrate a variety of problem behaviors that interfere with learning or co-curricular performance in school, was mailed to school superintendents ( N = 1526) in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. Four hundred and fifty-one responses (29.6%A) were received; the majority (84.7%) indicated that a formal written policy exists for helping students and most (82.5%) also have a formal written procedure. The assistance program, most frequently called student assistance, is predominantly found at high school level. A full-time student assistance counselor paid by the school district (43.2%) or a grant funded position (18.9%) conducts the program. Students in the three states use the services of the program for alcohol problems, drug problems, family problems, school behavior problems, academic problems, etc. The major referral sources to the assistance programs are teachers, guidance counselors, and the students themselves. The survey findings indicate that assistance programs for students in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York play a significant role in helping students who are experiencing problems and also positively impact on the school and the community.

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Fass, P. S. "American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style. By Peter N. Stearns (New York: New York University Press, 1994. ix plus 368pp.)." Journal of Social History 29, no. 1 (September 1, 1995): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/29.1.176.

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Susaimuthu, J., B. O. Agindotan, L. A. Miller, and K. L. Perry. "Potato aucuba mosaic virus in Potato in New York State." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1202a.

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Solanum tuberosum cv. Elmer's Blue is one of a number of heritage potato accessions maintained at Cornell University that exhibit virus-like symptoms of stunting and a leaf yellowing or a mottle mosaic. Testing of this cultivar by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA revealed that it was infected with Potato virus S (PVS) but none of the other common potato viruses screened for in North American potato certification programs (3). Mechanical inoculation of sap from potato cv. Elmer's Blue onto Nicotiana debneyii, N. megalosiphon, N. occidentalis, and N. tabacum produced a range of yellowing and mosaic symptoms (symptomless on N. tabacum), indicating the presence of a transmissible agent, but all these hosts tested negative for PVS. To identify possible viruses, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays involving generic primers for different groups of viruses were performed on the potato and the Nicotiana spp. Degenerate primers specific to members of the genus Potexvirus (4) amplified a 600-bp region from the symptomatic potato and N. debneyii. Nucleotide sequencing of the RT-PCR amplified product from potato cv. Elmer's Blue (Genbank Accession No. EF609120) and comparisons with GenBank sequences revealed the amplified sequence as having 91% identity with the genomic sequence of Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV; Accession No. S73580). The presence of this virus in potato cv. Elmer's Blue and N. debneyii was confirmed by PAMV-specific antibodies (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) in a DAS-ELISA format. PAMV is reported to occur worldwide, but uncommonly, with most descriptive work from Europe (2). While this virus has been studied in North America (1,2), these reports employed virus stocks from Europe under experimental conditions or virus in tubers obtained directly from Europe; to our knowledge, there are no unambiguous reports of PAMV in naturally infected North American potato cultivars. By contrast, the PAMV-infected cultivar in this report is a selection originally from a Canadian grower, and although not grown commercially, it is maintained in garden and field plots in New York and other states. References: (1) R. H. Bagnall. Phytopathology 50:460, 1960. (2) G. F. Kollmer and R. H. Larson. Res. Bull. Agric. Exp. Stn. Univ. Wis. 223:1, 1960. (3) S. A. Slack. Page 61 in: Potato Health Management. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1993. (4) R. A. A. van der Vlugt and M. Berendsen. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:367, 2002.

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Kikuyama, Sakae. "The Melanotropic Peptides. Vol. 680 of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences H Vaudry, and A N Eberle , Editors. New York Academy of Sciences. , New York. . 1993. , 687 pp." Zoological Science 12, no. 2 (April 1995): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.12.253.

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Higham, Robin. "Alan Warren. Singapore 1942: Britain’s Greatest Defeat. New York: Hambledon and London; dist. by New York University Press, New York, N. Y. 2002. Pp. ix, 370. $29.95. ISBN 1-85285-328-X." Albion 35, no. 2 (2003): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000070460.

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Halvorsen, Anne-Lise. "Peter N. Stearns. Childhood in World History. New York: Routledge, 2006. 160 pp. Paperback $29.95. - Howard P. Chudacoff. Children at Play. New York: New York University Press, 2007. 288 pp. Paperback $20.00." History of Education Quarterly 50, no. 1 (February 2010): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.00256.x.

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Schoch, Nina, Allyson K. Jackson, Melissa Duron, David C. Evers, Michale J. Glennon, Charles T. Driscoll, Xue Yu, Howard Simonin, and Amy K. Sauer. "Wildlife Criterion Value for the Common Loon (Gavia immer) in the Adirondack Park, New York, USA." Waterbirds 37, sp1 (April 2014): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp110.

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Souza, Cláudia. "RIBEIRO, N. "Pessoa Philosophical Essays". New York: Contra Mundum Press, 2012. 260p." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 55, no. 129 (June 2014): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-512x2014000100021.

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Bicknell, John W. "BOOK REVIEW: A. N. Wilson.GOD'S FUNERAL. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999." Victorian Studies 43, no. 3 (April 2001): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/vic.2001.43.3.506.

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ARAKAKI, L., S. NGAI, and D. WEISS. "Completeness ofNeisseria meningitidisreporting in New York City, 1989–2010." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (March 17, 2016): 2374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000406.

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SUMMARYInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) completeness of reporting has never been assessed in New York City (NYC). We conducted a capture–recapture study to assess completeness of reporting, comparing IMD reports made to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and records identified in the New York State hospital discharge database [Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS)] by ICD-9 codes from 1989 to 2010. Reporting completeness estimates were calculated for the entire study period, and stratified by year, age group, clinical syndrome, and reporting system. A chart review of hospital medical records from 2008 to 2010 was conducted to validate hospital coding and to adjust completeness estimates. Overall, 2194 unique patients were identified from DOHMH (n= 1300) and SPARCS (n= 1525); 631 (29%) were present in both. Completeness of IMD reporting was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 40–43]. Differences in completeness were found by age, clinical syndrome, and reporting system. The chart review found 33% of hospital records from 2008 to 2010 had no documentation of IMD. Removal of those records improved completeness of reporting to 51% (95% CI 49–53). Our data showed a low concordance between what is reported to DOHMH and what is coded by hospitals as IMD. Additional guidance to clinicians on IMD reporting criteria may improve completeness of IMD reporting.

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Cutler, William W. "Peter N. Stearns. Anxious Parents: A History of Modern Childrearing in America. New York: New York University Press, 2003. 251 pp. Cloth $29.95." History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 3 (2004): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018268000038371.

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Yurkovskiy, A. M., and D. S. Yurkovskiy. "New approaches to sonomorphometry of the inferior vena cava in children." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-1-12.

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Objective: to develop a criterion for normality/abnormality of the inferior vena cava diameter in children that is convenient to use in wide clinical practice.Material. In order to achieve the above objective, we performed measurements of the antero-posterior cross-section of the inferior vena cava in children (n = 100) in different age periods.Results. We have determined a criterion allowing of assessing the normality/abnormality of the inferior vena cava diameter in different age periods with sufficiently high accuracy.Conclusion. The work has concluded on the potential of the use of the coefficient reflecting the ratio of height and diameter (range — 0.04–0.1) as a reliable reference point for the assessment of the normality / abnormality of the inferior vena cava diameter in different age periods.

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Eichengreen, Adva, and Dan Hoofien. "Psychometric Analyses of New Measures of False-Self Defense." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 3 (May 2019): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000399.

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Abstract. The concept of the false-self defense has been widely used in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic literature, both in understanding processes of childhood development and in outlining personality defense mechanisms. This study presents a translation of this theoretical and clinical concept into empirical economical self-report scales assessing Self-Relatedness (16 items) and Environment-Directedness (14 items). The scales’ content judgment and psychometric analyses were carried out in three successive studies based on separate samples ( N = 226, 208, 176). The scales demonstrate good to excellent internal reliability and are normally distributed in a sample of university students. Results of Study 2 support the scales’ convergent, discriminant, and criterion construct validity. Study 3, comparing deaf and hard-of-hearing (d/hoh) students with controls, provides a partial support for the scales’ criterion group validity. The findings demonstrate the scales’ potential contribution to psychodynamically oriented research, as well as to research enriched by critical sociocultural perspectives.

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Kiraci, M., E. Bilgin, E. Duran, B. Farisoğullari, E. C. Bolek, G. K. Yardimci, Z. Özsoy, et al. "POS1378 COMPARISON OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER PATIENTS AND PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS ACCOMPANYING FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 971.1–971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3738.

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Background:The rate of co-occurrence of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in adults is reported ranging from 0.5% to 7.5%. The clinical implications of this co-occurrence in the course of FMF is still a research question.Objectives:To compare of demographic and clinical features of patients with FMF and FMF+axSpA.Methods:A total of 9630 FMF patients was detected according to the ICD-10 code (E85.0) of FMF in Hacettepe University Hospital database. 241 of these patients also had axSpA according to the ICD-10 code (M45). FMF diagnosis was confirmed by Tel-Hashomer criteria. AxSpA was diagnosis was confirmed by either presence of sacroiliitis on sacroiliac radiography according to the Modified New York Criteria (mNY) or presence of active sacroiliitis according to ASAS criteria on magnetic resonance imaging. 136 patients were confirmed according to these criterias as having FMF+axSpA. As a control group, 231 consequent FMF patients without axSpA recorded on the “FMF in Central Anatolia (FiCA) database” and followed up at our center were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical features of those patients in both groups were compared. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant, correction for multiple comparisons was not performed.Results:136 patients were included in FMF+axSpA group and 231 patients were included in FMF group. 114 (83.8%) patients in FMF+axSpA group had radiographic sacroiliitis according to mNY criteria; median cervical mSASSS was 0 (available for 49 patients, min-max, 0-36), median lumber mSASSS was 4 (available for 121 patients, min-max, 0-36), 33 (27%) patients had cervical or lumber syndesmophyte. Twenty-six (19.1%) of these patients had radiologically documented inflammatory hip disease 12 (8.8%) of these patients underwent total hip replacement. Female gender was more prevalent in FMF+axSpA group (53.7% vs 32.5%, p<0.001). Age at FMF symptom onset and diagnosis were earlier in FMF patients; however, symptom and disease durations were longer in FMF+axSpA group in our study cohort (Table 1). Frequency of FMF signs and symptoms were comparable except the rate of pleuritis was higher in FMF patients compared to FMF+axSpA group (p=0.003). Amyloidosis was more prevalent in FMF+axSpA group (6.6% vs. 1.7%, p=0.014). Results of MEFV gene analysis were available for 273 patients. Although presence of M694V mutation (either in 1 allele or 2 alleles) was comparable in 2 groups, homozygous M694V mutation was more prevalent in FMF+axSpA group (39.8% vs. 28.9%, p=0.02).Conclusion:The coexistence of spondyloarthritis in FMF patients appears to be associated with the increased prevalence of amyloidosis. The inflammatory burden of a second disease and the increased prevalence of the homozygous M694V mutation may explain this risk.Table 1.Comparison of demographic and clinical features of two groups.FMF+AxSpA(n=136, 37.1%)FMF(n=231, 62.9%)pFemale, n(%)73 (53.7)75 (32.5)<0.001Age at FMF symptom onset, years med (IQR)12 (5-20)10 (6-18)0.046Symptom duration, years, med (IQR)24 (18-32)20 (14-29)0.007Age at FMF diagnosis, years, med (IQR)24 (13-33)20 (11-30)0.10Duration after diagnosis, years, med (IQR)16 (10-22)13 (7-17)<0.001FMF signs and symptoms, n(%)-Fever128 (94.1)204 (88.3)0.067-Abdominal pain123 (90.4)217 (93.9)0.21-Pleuritis31 (22.8)87 (37.7)0.003-Pericarditis3 (2.2)2 (1.0)0.34-Arthritis64 (47.1)92 (39.8)0.17-Erysipelas24 (17.6)38 (16.5)0.77-Febrile myalgia9 (6.6)13 (5.6)0.70Inflammatory back pain, n(%)92 (67.6)26 (11.3)<0.001Inflammatory bowel disease, n(%)6 (4.4)4 (1.7)0.12FMF family history, n(%)-Any degree66 (48.5)137 (59.8)0.04-First degree48 (35.8)97 (42.0)0.24-Second degree25 (18.7)86 (37.2)<0.001Number of attacks at recent year, med (min-max)1 (0-12)1 (0-10)0.13Amyloidosis9 (6.6)4 (1.7)0.014M694V status (N=273)-Present (one or two allels)91 (80.5)120 (75.0)0.28-Two allels45 (39.8)43 (28.9)0.02Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Hanson, Melissa, Nicholas Hollingshead, Krysten Schuler, William F. Siemer, Patrick Martin, and Elizabeth M. Bunting. "Species, causes, and outcomes of wildlife rehabilitation in New York State." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): e0257675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257675.

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Wildlife rehabilitation is a publicly popular practice, though not without controversy. State wildlife agencies frequently debate the ecological impact of rehabilitation. By analyzing case records, we can clarify and quantify the causes for rehabilitation, species involved, and treatment outcomes. This data would aid regulatory agencies and rehabilitators in making informed decisions, as well as gaining insight into causes of species mortality. In New York State, the Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) has licensed rehabilitators since 1980 and annual reporting is required. In this study, we analyzed 58,185 individual wildlife cases that were attended by New York rehabilitators between 2012 and 2014. These encompassed 30,182 (51.9%) birds, 25,447 (43.7%) mammals, 2,421 (4.2%) reptiles, and 75 (0.1%) amphibians. We identified patterns among taxonomic representation, reasons for presentation to a rehabilitation center, and animal disposition. Major causes of presentation were trauma (n = 22,156; 38.1%) and orphaning (n = 21,679; 37.3%), with habitat loss (n = 3,937; 6.8%), infectious disease (n = 1,824; 3.1%), and poisoning or toxin exposure (n = 806; 1.4%) playing lesser roles. The overall release rate for animals receiving care was 50.2% while 45.3% died or were euthanized during the rehabilitation process. A relatively small number (0.3%) were permanently non-releasable and placed in captivity; 4.1% had unknown outcomes. A comparable evaluation in 1989 revealed that wildlife submissions have increased (annual mean 12,583 vs 19,395), and are accompanied by a significant improvement in release (50.2% in the study period vs 44.4% in 1989) (χ2(1) = 90.43, p < 0.0001). In this manuscript, we aim to describe the rehabilitator community in New York State, and present the causes and outcomes for rehabilitation over a three-year period.

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Joshi, Amishi B., David R. Vann, Arthur H. Johnson, and Eric K. Miller. "Nitrogen availability and forest productivity along a climosequence on Whiteface Mountain, New York." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-105.

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We studied broadleaf and needle-leaf forests along an elevation gradient (6001200 m) at Whiteface Mountain, New York, to determine relationships among temperature, mineral N availability, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and controls on the latter two variables. We measured net N mineralization during the growing season, annual litterfall quantity and quality, aboveground woody biomass accumulation, and soil organic matter quality. Inorganic N deposition from cloudwater markedly increases mineral N availability above 1000 m in this region. Consequently, mineral N availability across the climosequence remains relatively constant because N mineralization decreases with increasing elevation. Across this climosequence, air temperature (as growing season degree-days) exerted the most control on ANPP. Nitrogen mineralization was most strongly related to soil growing season degree-days and less so to lignin to N ratios in litter. ANPP was correlated with N mineralization but not with mineral N availability. Combining our data with those from similar studies in other boreal and cool temperate forests shows that N mineralization and ANPP are correlated at local, regional, and interbiome scales. Regarding the persistent question concerning cause and effect in the N mineralization forest productivity relationship, our data provide evidence that at least in this case, forest productivity is a control on N mineralization.

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Green, William A. "Trevor Lloyd. Empire: The History of the British Empire. New York: Hambledon and London; dist. by New York University Press, New York, N. Y. 2001. Pp. x, 245. $29.95. ISBN 1-85285-259-3." Albion 34, no. 4 (2002): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000069106.

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Black, Cyril E. "Patterns of Modernity. Vol. 2: Beyond the West. Edited by S. N. Eisenstadt. New York: New York University Press, 1987. viii, 233 pp. $30.00." Journal of Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (August 1988): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056976.

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Levenstein, H. "Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West. By Peter N. Stearns (New York: New York University Press, 1997. xvi plus 294pp. $25.95)." Journal of Social History 32, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/32.3.699.

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Provinzano, J. "Book Reviews : S. N. Eisenstadt (ed.), Patterns of Modernity, vol. I, The West. New York: New York University Press, 1987, pp. 185, $ 30.00 (cloth)." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 31, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1990): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071529003100110.

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Bailey, B. "Jealousy: The Evolution of an Emotion in American History. By Peter N. Stearns (New York: New York University Press, 1989. xiv plus 225 pp.)." Journal of Social History 24, no. 4 (June 1, 1991): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/24.4.863.

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KAMAE, TETURO. "Entropy estimate by a randomness criterion." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 3 (January 28, 2016): 802–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2015.79.

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We propose a new criterion for randomness of a word $x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}\in \mathbb{A}^{n}$ over a finite alphabet $\mathbb{A}$ defined by $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EF}^{n}(x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n})=\mathop{\sum }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}\in \mathbb{A}^{+}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(|x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}|_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}}),\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\mathbb{A}^{+}=\bigcup _{k=1}^{\infty }\mathbb{A}^{k}$ is the set of non-empty finite words over $\mathbb{A}$, for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}\in \mathbb{A}^{k}$, $$\begin{eqnarray}|x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}|_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}}=\#\{i;~1\leq i\leq n-k+1,~x_{i}x_{i+1}\cdots x_{i+k-1}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}\},\end{eqnarray}$$ and for $t\geq 0$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(0)=0$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(t)=t\log t~(t>0)$. This value represents how random the word $x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}$ is from the viewpoint of the block frequency. In fact, we define a randomness criterion as $$\begin{eqnarray}Q(x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n})=(1/2)(n\log n)^{2}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EF}^{n}(x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}).\end{eqnarray}$$ Then, $$\begin{eqnarray}\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }(1/n)Q(X_{1}X_{2}\cdots X_{n})=h(X)\end{eqnarray}$$ holds with probability 1 if $X_{1}X_{2}\cdots \,$ is an ergodic, stationary process over $\mathbb{A}$ either with a finite energy or $h(X)=0$, where $h(X)$ is the entropy of the process. Another criterion for randomness using $t^{2}$ instead of $t\log t$ has already been proposed in Kamae and Xue [An easy criterion for randomness. Sankhya A77(1) (2015), 126–152]. In comparison, our new criterion provides a better fit with the entropy. We also claim that our criterion not only represents the entropy asymptotically but also gives a good representation of the randomness of fixed finite words.

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Malapi-Wight, M., J. B. Hébert, R. Buckley, M. L. Daughtrey, N. F. Gregory, K. Rane, S. Tirpak, and J. A. Crouch. "First Report of Boxwood Blight Caused byCalonectria pseudonaviculatain Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (May 2014): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-13-1102-pdn.

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Boxwood (Buxus spp.) are commercially important evergreen ornamental plants with an annual market value of over $103 million in the United States. The recent U.S. incursion of boxwood blight disease caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata (syn. Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum, Cy. buxicola) threatens the health and productivity of boxwood in both landscape plantings and nurseries. The first confirmed U.S. reports of the disease were made from Connecticut and North Carolina in November 2011 (2,4), followed by diagnoses in 10 additional states during 2012 and 2013. By August 2013, symptoms consistent with boxwood blight had been observed from B. sempervirens in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and southeastern New York. Affected plants showed rapid onset of disease symptoms: dark brown to black spots or diffuse dark areas on leaves, followed by defoliation. Narrow, elongate black cankers also formed on current season shoots. Symptomatic stems and leaves were placed in petri dishes with moistened filter paper at 22°C for 3 days under continuous light. Conidiophores were excised, then placed on potato dextrose agar amended with streptomycin and neomycin (0.3 g/l). Resultant colonies showed dark brown pigmentation at the colony center surrounded by tan to reddish brown rings with white mycelia at the advancing edge. Conidia (n = 30 per isolate) were hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, with a single septum (45 to 76 × 4 to 6 μm; avg. 63 × 5 μm). Conidiophores (n = 20 per isolate) comprised a stipe, a hyaline septate stipe extension (length 119 to 192 μm; avg. 150 μm) and a terminal ellipsoidal vesicle (diameter 4 to 10 μm; avg. 7 μm). Based on morphological characteristics, the causal agent was identified as C. pseudonaviculata (1,4). Voucher specimens were deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 892698 to 701). To verify morphological diagnosis, genomic DNA was extracted from fungal biomass grown in liquid cultures of yeast extract peptone dextrose media. A portion of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2) was PCR amplified and sequenced bi-directionally using primers Bta/Bt2b (3). BLASTn searches of NCBI GenBank databases using the TUB2 sequences (Accession Nos. KF785808 to 11) demonstrated 96 to 100% sequence identity with other C. pseudonaviculata isolates. To confirm pathogenicity, 5-month-old B. sempervirens and B. microphylla seedlings were spray-inoculated with a spore suspension of 1 × 104conidia/ml. One isolate from each state was independently tested with four replicates each. Non-inoculated water-sprayed plants served as negative controls. Plants were maintained in growth chambers at 22°C under constant light. Blight symptoms developed 4 to 5 days post inoculation. C. pseudonaviculata was re-isolated from inoculated plants; no symptoms or signs were observed from control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. pseudonaviculata in the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York. This report demonstrates that C. pseudonaviculata is now widespread across the United States eastern seaboard, and represents a substantial threat to boxwood plants in North American landscapes and nurseries.References: (1) P. Crous et al. Sydowia 54:23, 2002. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, USDA-ARS. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases , 30 August 2013. (3) N. L. Glass and G. C. Donaldson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323, 1995. (4) K. L. Ivors et al. Plant Dis. 96:1070, 2012.

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McHugh, J. L., and Emerson Hasbrouck. "Fishery management in New York bight: Experience under the magnuson act." Fisheries Research 8, no. 3 (January 1990): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(90)90022-n.

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Hodges, Graham Russell. "War Journal of Louis N. Beaudry, Fifth New York Cavalry (review)." Civil War History 43, no. 3 (1997): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1997.0026.

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