Academic literature on the topic 'New directions in cognitive science research'
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Journal articles on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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Sutin, Angelina. "NEW DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH ON THE DYNAMICS OF PURPOSE IN LIFE AND COGNITIVE AGING." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1024.
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Abstract Purpose in life is the feeling that one’s life is goal oriented and has direction. There is converging, replicated evidence that having a greater sense of purpose in life is associated with better cognitive aging outcomes, including less cognitive decline across middle and older adulthood and lower risk of incident dementia. Emerging evidence also suggests that cognitive function may likewise support purpose in life. This symposium highlights recent advances on the dynamics between purpose in life and cognition across varying time scales and populations. Kim will describe the association between purpose in life and the maintenance of better cognitive function across six years in older adulthood and moderators of this association. Nelson and Bergeman will describe how cognitive function supported purpose in life through the uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic and moderators of this association. Pfund and colleagues will report on the bidirectional associations between purpose and cognition in older adulthood across four longitudinal samples using a coordinated data analytic approach. Finally, Sutin and colleagues will report on an ecological momentary assessment study that found that in moments when participants felt more purposeful, they had faster processing speed. Collectively, these talks emphasize the dynamic and often bidirectional relation between purpose in life and cognitive function. This work will help stimulate research to better understand purpose and cognitive health and how to leverage purpose in life for healthier cognitive aging outcomes.
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Pandža, Nick B., Ian Phillips, Valerie P. Karuzis, Polly O'Rourke, and Stefanie E. Kuchinsky. "Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 40 (March 2020): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190520000069.
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AbstractThis paper begins by discussing new trends in the use of neurostimulation techniques in cognitive science and learning research, as well as the nascent research on their application in second language learning. To illustrate this, an experiment designed to investigate the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is delivered via earbuds, on how learners process and learn Mandarin tones is reported. Pupillometry, which is an index of cognitive effort, is explained and illustrated as one way to assess the impact of tVNS. Participants in the study were native English speakers, naïve to tone languages, pseudorandomly assigned to active or control conditions, while balancing for nonlinguistic pitch ability and musical experience. Their performance after tVNS was assessed using a range of more traditional language outcome measures, including accuracy and reaction times from lexical recognition and recall tasks and was triangulated with pupillometry during word-learning to help understand the mechanism through which tVNS operates. Findings are discussed in light of the literatures on lexical tone learning, cognitive effort, and neurostimulation, including specific benefits for learners of tone languages. Recommendations are made for future work on the increasingly popular area of neurostimulation for the field of applied linguistics in the 40th anniversary issue of ARAL.
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Igisheva, Lyudmila, Irina Nechaeva, Aleksandra Rumyanceva, and Yuliya Shot. "Genesis of Clinical Linguistics: Cognitive-Communication Disorders and Their Research Directions." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 4 (2022): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-4-277-284.
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Cognitive linguistics, psychophysiology, cardiology, and pathological psycholinguistics have common theory and methodology. Clinical linguistics is a new area of research within cognitive science. The authors reviewed domestic and foreign studies of communicative disorders published in 1981–2022. The review focused on the cardiology, neurology, and pathological psycholinguistics of speech abnormalities, which demonstrated similar terminology and methods. The authors identified three research directions: 1) disorders associated with the period of intrauterine, intranatal, or early postpartum development; 2) age-related disorders; 3) disorders caused by a prior disease or brain injury. The language and communication profile of patients with cognitive impairments was different, but all aspects of language and communication fell into the field of psychophysiology, cardiology, and pathological psycholinguistics, thus remaining within an interdisciplinary paradigm. The review highlighted some terminological inconsistency of studies focused on the analysis of language and speech in cognitive linguistics. The authors proved that clinical linguistics is a separate branch of cognitive research that bridges a certain gap between theory and practice. They defined the main objectives of clinical linguistics as the coordination of the conceptual and terminological research apparatus, unification of methodology, and development of unified principles for language and communication research.
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Henderson, Charles, José P. Mestre, and Linda L. Slakey. "Cognitive Science Research Can Improve Undergraduate STEM Instruction." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732215601115.
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This article explores the directions needed to facilitate widespread adoption of the findings of cognitive science (CS) into undergraduate instruction in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The emerging research tradition of STEM discipline-based education research (DBER) is introduced briefly, with a focus on physics education research (PER). Examples of cognitive science research that are beginning to affect classroom practice are introduced, as well as examples that have direct implications for improving STEM instructional practices, yet remain largely unknown in the STEM community. Two barriers slow the implementation of CS findings in undergraduate STEM instruction. The first is lack of communication between cognitive science and STEM DBER researchers. The second is that, even when strong curricula and instructional practices are developed, there are many structural obstacles that make it difficult for STEM instructors to implement new instructional strategies. We provide an overview of current efforts to overcome these structural obstacles, and suggest policy implications for the cognitive science and DBER research communities that could facilitate the development, evaluation, and adoption of research-based instructional strategies in STEM undergraduate education.
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Davidson, Graham. "Metacognition, cognition and learning: Old dubitations and new directions." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 7 (1994): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001371.
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Research into metacognition, a relatively new construct in the cognitive sciences, has been prodigious over the last decade. This is despite continuing doubts about its heuristic value. Initial doubts emphasised difficulties associated with definition of the construct, the limited predictive power of metacognitive task performance in relation to actual cognitive task or test performance and, relatedly, difficulties in operationalising the construct in specific thinking and problem solving contexts. Subsequent cross-cultural research has focussed on the degree to which metacognitive thinking is situationalised according to cultural context and thinking task, despite the implication that such thinking, by nature, is “multicontextual.” It then questioned the extent to which different social and cultural groups differ in their construction of the metacognitive level of knowledge and its relevance to their everyday life task performance and thinking.
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Cohen, Ronald A. "From Theory to Application." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 6 (2001): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701226150.
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Neuropsychology owes much to the pioneering efforts of researchers in cognitive psychology. Theory and methods derived from the cognitive sciences have provided an important foundation for neuropsychology. The Attention and Performance series has been at the vanguard of cognitive psychology, both chronicling major developments in cognitive science that emerged over the past half century, and catalyzing new directions in cognitive theory, method, and application. Most students of psychology can probably recall some time during their undergraduate or graduate studies, pulling from university library shelves, one of the earlier volumes of this series, as they prepared a term paper, thesis, or research project. The 17th volume of Attention and Performance of this edited series was the product of the proceedings of the International Association for the Study of Attention and Performance, held in Haifa, Israel, 30 years after the first edition in 1966. Reviewing the topics covered in the earlier editions, one is struck by the extent to which this series has both mirrored current direction and anticipated shifts in the paradigms of cognitive science.
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Pawlak, Anna. "Research Developments on Legal Socialization." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 14, no. 1 (2022): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2021.14.1-25.
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The research approach to the issue of legal socialization changes along with the development of science and the evolution of legal theory. The paper reviews and systematizes the most important approaches and perspectives of research on legal socialization over time, from the first indepth studies up to 2020. It shows the research expansion of the last decade on a global scale, as well as its deficiency in Poland. By analyzing the factors of legal socialization, it is possible to reach a full understanding of the process, and to draw conclusions as to the future directions of research. Undoubtedly, there is a new perspective of research that takes into account the achievements of cognitive sciences, especially neuroscience.
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Lin, Xiaomeng. "An Overview of Cognitive Strategies in SLA of English in 21st Century." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 6, no. 4 (2024): p158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v6n4p158.
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Cognitive linguistics scrutinizes the close relationship between the human brain, mind and SLA. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many new paradigms and approaches have emerged in this domain of SLA. Based on English as L2, this paper delves into the review in cognitive dimension from three main aspects: cognitive linguistics represented by constructional grammar, empirical cognitive science represented by neural-brain science and corpus research, as well as category and metaphor-related theories in cognitive semantics. These cognitive perspectives and strategies are interconnected and complementary, constituting a general and comprehensive sketch of new paradigms in cognitive SLA. This paper summarizes and analyzes how cognitive linguistics and cognitive science in the 21st century can provide coherent and appropriate theoretical guidance and methodological reference for the study of SLA, and meanwhile criticize and reflect on the shortcomings of the current research field and offers suggestions for future research directions.
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Lambert, Megan, Benjamin Farrar, Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Stephan Reber, and Rachael Miller. "ManyBirds: A multi-site collaborative Open Science approach to avian cognition and behavior research." Animal Behavior and Cognition 9, no. 1 (2022): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.01.11.2022.
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Comparative cognitive and behavior research aims to investigate cognitive evolution by comparing performance in different species to understand how these abilities have evolved. Ideally, this requires large and diverse samples; however, these can be difficult to obtain by single labs or institutions, leading to potential reproducibility and generalization issues with small, less representative samples. To help mitigate these issues, we are establishing a multi-site collaborative Open Science approach called ManyBirds, with the aim of providing new insight into the evolution of avian cognition and behavior through large-scale comparative studies, following the lead of exemplary ManyPrimates, ManyBabies and ManyDogs projects. Here, we outline a) the replicability crisis and why we should study birds, including the origin of modern birds, avian brains and convergent evolution of cognition; b) the current state of the avian cognition field, including a ‘snapshot’ review; c) the ManyBirds project, with plans, infrastructure, limitations, implications and future directions. In sharing this process, we hope that this may be useful for other researchers in devising similar projects in other taxa, like non-avian reptiles or mammals, and to encourage further collaborations with ManyBirds and related ManyX projects. Ultimately, we hope to promote collaboration between ManyX projects to allow for wider investigation of the evolution of cognition across all animals, including potentially humans.
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O'Connor, Mary-Frances. "Making Meaning of Life Events: Theory, Evidence, and Research Directions for an Alternative Model." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 1 (2003): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0ckd-pvq0-t260-ntxu.
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Utilizing cognition, emotion, and psychotherapy research, theoretical and empirical evidence on adjustment to negative life events is reviewed. Two models of adjustment to negative life events are developed: the return-to-baseline model and the meaning-making model. The return-to-baseline model utilizes time and the return to a pre-event level of negativity, while the meaning-making model uses cognitive restructuring, increasing positive emotion, increasing regulation of negative emotion, and decreasing autonomic arousal. Meaning-making is a bridge from the negative emotion caused by negative life events to positive emotion through cognitive restructuring. Throughout the article new directions in adjustment research are suggested and the implicit uses of the return-to-baseline model in current research are uncovered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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Evans, Dylan. "Rethinking emotion : new research in emotion and recent debates in cognitive science." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2643/.
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Cognitive science is currently the scene of a number of exciting debates. The so-called 'classical' approach, which has dominated the field since the 1950s, is increasingly being challenged on various fronts. Evolutionary psychologists and researchers in artificial life accuse classical cognitive scientists of ignoring the fact that natural cognition is not designed to solve abstract problems and prove theorems but to solve particular adaptive problems. Those working with a 'situated' view of the mind are challenging the classical commitment to internalism. Finally, proponents of dynamical approaches claim that the discrete models favoured by the classical approach are too coarse-grained and impute too much internal structure to the mind. In this thesis I argue that the 'non-classical' approaches are compatible with classical cognitive science, with the important proviso that compatibility comes in different kinds. In the final chapter I outline a vision of a comprehensive 'integrated non-classical cognitive science' that combines the three non-classical approaches into a single conceptual bundle. I illustrate these claims about cognitive science in general with reference to a particular field of research: the emotions. Emotions were ignored by most classical cognitive scientists, though some models of emotion were developed within the classical framework. These models, however, provided no way of distinguishing emotion from cognition. I argue that the non-classical approaches remedy this problem, and together provide a new way of thinking about the emotions which I dub 'the interruption theory'. Since the interruption theory borrows insights from all three of the non-classical forms of cognitive science, it serves as a good example of the integrated non-classical approach that I recommend for cognitive science in general.
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Oosthuizen, Rudolph. "Modelling methodology for assessing the impact of new technology on complex sociotechnical systems." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45924.
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Developing complex sociotechnical systems often involves integrating new technology into existing systems by applying systems engineering processes. This requires an understanding of the problem space and the possible impact of the new technology. Systems engineering uses modelling to explore the structural, functional, and operational elements of the problem and solution space (Hitchins 2008). Historically, systems engineering has however struggled with complex sociotechnical systems projects, as it cannot cope with the dynamic behaviour of complex sociotechnical systems.
The hypothesis of this thesis is that addressing the contribution of humans performing work in a complex, constrained and dynamic environment using modelling will result in a better understanding in the analysis phase; it should also lead to improved requirements, designs, selection of technologies, and implementation strategies, enabling sociotechnical systems to cope with complex operating environments.
A sociotechnical system consists of humans applying technology to perform work through processes within a social structure (organisation) aimed at achieving a defined objective (Bostrom & Heinen 1977, Walker et al. 2009). Work can become complex due to non-linear and dynamic interaction among the people themselves, among people and technology, as well as among people and the environment. Complexity may lead to “wicked and messy” problems, as many unintended or unpredicted consequences may be experienced. The new technology may also lead to new task possibilities that evolve user requirements (Carroll & Rosson 1992).
Systems engineering, as developed in the 1950s, forms the basis of developing systems, including sociotechnical systems. Classic systems engineering processes assume that problems can be isolated and decomposed, making the development of complex sociotechnical systems difficult. One way to improve the success of systems engineering is to ensure that the problem to be solved is properly understood. Analysis of the problem and solution space involves capturing and modelling the knowledge and mental models of the stakeholders, to support understanding the system’s requirements. A good description of the problem situation through a model is the first step towards designing and developing a solution.
The aim of this study is to develop and demonstrate a modelling methodology for complex sociotechnical systems, in support of the systems engineering process. The two approaches used in the modelling methodology are cognitive work analysis and system dynamics. Cognitive work analysis is a framework for analysing the way people perform work in an organisation, while taking the environmental constraints into consideration. The outputs of cognitive work analysis are constructs or models that capture the structure of the problem. Functions provided by different technological elements are linked to the functional requirements of the system, to achieve its purpose (Lintern 2012). However, cognitive work analysis is limited in investigating the dynamic effect of decisions and policies on the system (Cummings 2006). The dynamic behaviour of complex sociotechnical systems can be analysed using system dynamics, which uses the structure of the system in simulation. System dynamics analyse the effect of feedback and delays on operating the system, as a result of decisions based on policies (Sterman 2000).
The design science research framework, which also supports the research design of this thesis, is used to implement the modelling and structure the methodology. Design science research aims at creating technology for a human purpose, unlike the natural sciences, which are geared towards attempting to understand and define reality (March & Smith 1995). The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a case study using modelling and analysis of the impact of a new collaboration technology on command and control systems. Command and control is a good example of a complex sociotechnical system, as humans use technology to assemble and analyse information for situation assessment in support of planning operations (Walker et al. 2009). These systems are also used to control the successful implementation of plans in constrained and variable operating environments. The modelling methodology is demonstrated by modelling and assessing the effect of a new command and control technology for border safeguarding operations, anti-poaching operations and community policing forums. The new technology to be implemented in these complex sociotechnical systems is called “Cmore”. It is a web-based collaboration system that uses smartphones to capture information and track users. Even though the three demonstrations constitute similar systems, the different contextual situations result in diverse behaviour and issues to be investigated.
The demonstrations centre on the functions of situation awareness and decision support. The different output models for the command and control systems are used in system dynamics simulations to assess the effect of new technology on the operating and effectiveness of a system. The case studies demonstrated that the modelling methodology support learning about the implementation of a new technology in various complex sociotechnical systems. The developed models and constructs also supported developing evaluation templates during the planning of experiments through identifying key issues.
The system dynamics simulations used parametric inputs to investigate the behaviour of the system. In most cases, the simulation outputs identified interesting and counter-intuitive behaviour for deeper assessment. The community policing forum case study also gathered qualitative empirical evidence on the system's behaviour, during a field experiment. The outcomes are compared with the models and simulation outputs to improve the system behavioural models. The learning and improved understanding of the complex sociotechnical system behaviour gained through the modelling methodology, demonstrated its utility.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>tm2015<br>Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM)<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Erceg, Vicki Heather. "Detection of behavioural and cognitive dysfunction in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA affected dogs : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1053.
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This study investigated whether behavioural and cognitive dysfunction caused by mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA can be detected early in affected dogs’ lives, and to describe the behaviours of these dogs. No other scientific papers have been published on this topic and the population of dogs examined in this study are the only MPS IIIA affected dog colony available worldwide for study. Three main tests were performed on the population of MPS IIIA affected dogs. Physical behavioural assessment tests were performed at six and eight weeks of age and from twenty weeks of age a cognitive function task was taught and then tested to measure the dogs’ performance. A previously validated questionnaire, the canine behavioural assessment and research questionnaire (C-BARQ), was completed at three, six and twelve months of age. The researchers in these studies were blinded to the MPS IIIA status of the dogs examined. The behaviours shown by the MPS IIIA puppies at six and eight weeks of age were not significantly different from the behaviours of the unaffected puppies. This finding supported the research of other MPS IIIA studies and suggests that clinical behavioural changes do not occur at such a young age. The behaviours shown by the MPS IIIA affected puppies appeared to be normal puppy behaviours similar to those described in previous research on puppies. The C-BARQ measured the behaviours shown by the MPS IIIA affected and unaffected dogs. Most of the MPS IIIA affected dogs’ behaviours were not significantly different from the unaffected dogs’ behaviours, but MPS IIIA affected dogs did retrieve significantly more than unaffected dogs at three months of age, and were less distractible at twelve months of age. It would be worth investigating these findings further to decide whether it suggests a subtle alteration in brain functioning. The cognitive function test showed a significant decrease in the success of the MPS IIIA affected dogs in the final maze test. This is the first study on dogs affected with MPS IIIA to find a decline in cognitive function before the occurrence of cerebellar clinical signs and this new knowledge may lead to future developments measuring therapy response and disease progression. The T-shaped maze testing may be valuable in future research on cognitive function in dogs with other diseases such as epilepsy. Thus this thesis provides valuable information on canine MPS IIIA and provides a foundation for future disease investigations.
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Crowe, Laura Majella. "Social support in later life : the influence of retirement and marital status : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1320.
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The study explored the relationship between retirement and marital status and objective and subjective measures of social support. A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 6,662 men and women aged 55-70 years of age. Results of a series of 2-way ANOVAs revealed greater interaction with friends amongst retired individuals than those who were employed. Marital status was shown to be associated with interaction with family and levels of perceived social support. An interaction between retirement and marital status was also shown to influence levels of perceived social support. The results reveal that retirement and marital status have an individual and interaction effect on various measures of social support and indicate the importance of considering marital status when researching, educating and working with issues regarding retirement and social support.
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Manson, Jennifer Margaret. "Person-job fit and its relationship with work attitudes: a study of Christian missionaries from Australasia : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/998.
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Do Christian missionaries who exhibit good person-job fit, (‘aligned’ with host nation colleagues and ‘in harmony’ with expatriate colleagues), experience more positive work attitudes? Personjob fit was conceptualized in terms of competencies. Perspectives on what competencies the role of missionary requires were obtained from 3 groups of subject matter experts: host nation colleagues, missionaries, and mission agency leaders. In Study I, subject matter experts (host nation colleagues, n=22, missionaries, n=25, and agency leaders, n=23) rated the ‘Universal Competency Framework’ (SHL) 20-level competencies. Host nation colleagues differed significantly on 3 of the competencies, suggesting that in this sample, the perspective of expatriates on the role of a missionary was not fully aligned with that of host nation colleagues. In Study 2, a sample of 130 current overseas missionaries self-assessed their performance and provided their own ratings of the importance of the competencies used in Study 1. Measures of Person-Job fit (Demands-Abilities fit, Supplies-Values fit and Perceived Performance) were regressed against outcome variables (job satisfaction, work engagement and satisfaction with life). Results indicated that a person’s fit with the job as described by both host nation colleagues (Alignment) and other expatriates (Harmonization) is positively associated with job satisfaction, work engagement and satisfaction with life. These results offer support for competencies as an effective method of describing missionary roles. Possible implications for enhancing the effectiveness and well-being of missionaries, and other aid and development workers, are discussed.
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Rifshana, Fathimath. "Outcome evaluation of the Massey University Concussion Clinic: a pilot study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1165.
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The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention provided by Massey University Concussion Clinic for individuals following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI). Concussion Clinics were set up across New Zealand to provide early intervention and assessment for individuals with MTBI to prevent long term complaints. Treatment outcomes at these clinics have not been empirically examined before. The current study compared the levels of post concussion symptoms, anxiety, depression, and psychosocial functioning between an intervention and a control group using a quasi-experimental design. In addition, reasons for nonattendance to the clinic, and participants’ perceptions of their recovery were also explored. The main outcome measures used were the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale-2. Outcomes were initially assessed soon after injury or referral to the clinic and then three months later. Participants were recruited from the Palmerston North Hospital Emergency Department and the Massey University Concussion Clinic. With 20 participants in the intervention group and 15 in the control group, the main results showed that the Concussion Clinic intervention significantly decreased the level of anxiety and depression reported by participants in the intervention group over the control group. Greater improvements in post concussion symptoms and psychosocial functioning were also indicated in the intervention group. Additional findings suggest difficulty with transportation as a reason for nonattendance, which could be a potential barrier to recovery. Furthermore, participants highlighted the benefits of attending the service and its role in their recovery. Important issues relating to the referral processes were also identified. Findings of the current study suggest that the Concussion Clinic intervention is effective in improving recovery for those accessing the service. Nevertheless, these results must be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Further research is warranted to examine the effectiveness of the Concussion Clinics with larger samples, and the current study may serve as a valuable pilot for these future investigations.
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Carrasco, Alexander Jason. "Effects of exercise-induced dehydration on cognitive ability, muscular endurance and surfing performance : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Sport and Exercise Science, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/759.
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The aim of this study was to measure the degree of dehydration experienced during surf practice and examine the effect this might have on surfing performance, cognitive function and muscular endurance of elite surfers. Twelve male national and international level surfers volunteered to take part in the study. Their mean (± SD) age, body mass, height and surfing experience were 27.0 ± 3.3 years, 73.2 ± 7.1 kg, 1.7 ± 0.05 m and 21.0 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two trials: no fluid ingestion (NF) or fluid ingestion (FI) during 100 min of surf practice in a steamer wetsuit. The experiment was designed to emulate not only the physical and cognitive demands of surfing but also the ambient environment in which it takes place. Before and immediately after surf practice, the participants had their hydration status measured, completed a cognitive test battery and upper and lower-body muscular endurance tests. Surfing performance was assessed during the first and last 20 min of practice. At the conclusion of the NF trial, participants showed a 3.9 ± 0.7% body mass (BM) loss, this was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the 1.6 ± 0.7% BM loss seen at the end of the FI trial. In the NF trial, surfing performance decreased by 20.3 ± 7.1%, but showed a slight improvement in the FI trial (1.9 ± 10.2%). Of the six cognitive domains assessed (short-term memory, information processing speed, working memory, attention, visuomotor skill and visual acuity) all were significantly impaired when at a 3.9 ± 0.7% BM loss (P < 0.05) yet were unaffected at a 1.6 ± 0.7% BM loss. Information processing speed and working memory were the most strongly correlated to surfing performance (r = 0.74; P < 0.05). At the conclusion of the NF trial upper and lower-body muscular endurance were diminished by 21.2 ± 5.5% and 4.4 ± 5.8%, respectively. At the conclusion of the FI trial upper-body muscular endurance was reduced by 17.0 ± 4.1% while lower-body muscular endurance was marginally better (1 ± 3%). There was a significant difference in muscular endurance capacity between trials yet no significant correlation was observed between muscular endurance and surfing performance. The findings of this study suggest that surf practice for 100 min in a steamer wetsuit results in BM loss severe enough to significantly impair surfing performance, cognitive function and muscular endurance. Yet, when water is consumed during surf practice, surfing performance, cognitive function and lower body (but not upper-body) muscular endurance is maintained. Keywords: fluid ingestion, surf training, steamer wetsuit, hypohydration.
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Chin, Edwin Chun-Hong. "The reliability of retrospective methods for exploring onset of height fear : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1360.
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The non-associative framework on fear argues that evolutionary-relevant fears, such as heights and water, are largely innate and do not require associative conditioning experiences to develop (Menzies & Clarke, 1993a, b; Poulton & Menzies, 2002a). However, this framework has been criticized for its reliance on retrospective recall for empirical support (Mineka & Öhman, 2002), which has been found to be highly unreliable (Taylor, Deane, & Podd, 1999). Thirty height-fearful undergraduate students completed the Origins Questionnaire-II (OQ-II; Menzies & Parker, 2001) and were classified into one of the several associative and non-associative pathways of fear onset based on their responses. A control group of 43 non-fearful students completed a modified version of the OQ-II to report any past experiences with heights. To examine the stability of these responses over time, the same questionnaires for both groups were completed again three months (Time 2) and 12 months (Time 3) after the initial administration of the test, along with measures of fear severity. Results showed that neither associative nor non-associative accounts took precedence over the other in explaining the onset of height fear. Instabilities in pathway ascriptions were observed in 18.18% of cases over three months (between Time 1 and Time 2), and 27.27% of cases over nine months (between Time 2 and Time 3). The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed with consideration of some of the study’s procedural and instrumental limitations. In light of these limitations, this study identified a substantial role of non-associative pathways on the development of height fear, and provided further support for the limitations of retrospective recall for ascertaining the pathway to fear onset.
Books on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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M, Shlechter Theodore, and Toglia Michael P, eds. New directions in cognitive science. Ablex Pub. Corp., 1985.
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Ole, Bernsen Niels, Baddeley Alan D. 1934-, and Commission of the European Communities., eds. Cognitive psychology: Research directions in cognitive science, European perspectives. Erlbaum Associates, 1989.
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J, Wills A., ed. New directions in human associative learning. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004.
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Helmut, Schnelle, Bernsen Niels Ole, and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Telecommunications, Information Industries, and Innovation., eds. Logic and linguistics: Research directions in cognitive science : European perspectives. L. Erlbaum, 1989.
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PhD, Graf Peter, and Masson Michael E. J, eds. Implicit memory: New directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1993.
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1941-, Walsh Anthony, and Beaver Kevin M, eds. Biosocial criminology: New directions in theory and research. Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group, 2009.
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1941-, Walsh Anthony, and Beaver Kevin M, eds. Biosocial criminology: New directions in theory and research. Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group, 2009.
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A, Avtgis Theodore, and Rancer Andrew S, eds. Arguments, aggression, and conflict: New directions in theory and research. Routledge, 2010.
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Canada, Canada Natural Resources, ed. New directions in science and technology: Natural resources Canada. Natural Resources Canada, 1996.
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Waltraud, Kokot, Tölölyan Khachig, and Alfonso Carolin 1969-, eds. Diaspora, identity, and religion: New directions in theory and research. Routledge, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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Wallace, Tracey D., and John T. Morris. "SwapMyMood: User-Centered Design and Development of a Mobile App to Support Executive Function." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_31.
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AbstractThis paper describes the research and development of the SwapMyMood smartphone application designed to support use of evidence-based executive function strategies by people with traumatic brain injury. Executive dysfunction is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in diminished cognitive-behavioral functioning. Problem-solving and emotion regulation are cognitive-behavioral functions that are often disrupted by changes in the executive control system. SwapMyMood is an electronic version of the Executive Plus/STEP program, a set of clinical techniques taught to people living with brain injury to help them 1) identify and implement solutions to problems encountered in daily life and 2) to utilize the emotion cycle to understand and regulate emotional responses to these problems. The Executive Plus/STEP program has until now relied on paper-based instruction and use. Input from target users – people with brain injury and clinical professionals who teach this program to their patients – has contributed to key refinements of features and functioning of the mobile app. Data gathered from target user participation in the user-centered design process are presented. Future directions for ongoing development of technologies to support executive function strategies are also discussed.
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Taylor, John, Hubert Cuyckens, and René Dirven. "Introduction: New directions in cognitive lexical semantic research." In Cognitive Linguistics Research. Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110219074.1.
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Hossain, Ekram, Long Le, Natasha Devroye, and Mai Vu. "Cognitive Radio: From Theory to Practical Network Engineering." In New Directions in Wireless Communications Research. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0673-1_10.
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Saul, E. Wendy, and Brian Hand. "New Directions in Science Literacy Education." In Quality Research in Literacy and Science Education. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8427-0_12.
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Hopcroft, John. "New Research Directions in the Information Age." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13562-0_1.
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Poels, Geert, Jim Nelson, Marcela Genero, and Mario Piattini. "Quality in Conceptual Modeling – New Research Directions." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45275-1_22.
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Irzik, Gürol, and Robert Nola. "New Directions for Nature of Science Research." In International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_30.
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Fox, Keith R. "Why do scientific research in the twenty-first century?" In New Directions in Theology and Science. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003240334-8.
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Oman, Susan. "Discovering ‘the New Science of Happiness’ and Subjective Well-being." In New Directions in Cultural Policy Research. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72937-0_4.
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AbstractThe ‘new science of happiness’ was not really discovered, but was a coming together of people, publications, projects, politicians, agencies and disciplines around the turn of the twenty-first century. This moment foregrounded the issue of how people feel (subjective well-being), changing how this is understood and measured, driving the ‘second wave’ of well-being. This chapter reviews these interlinked histories to contextualise the ‘new’ well-being data. It presents definitions, theories and methods to help understand what went on behind the scenes and under the bonnet of these data practices. We look at the establishment of the UK’s subjective well-being measures and address the question of what subjective well-being can do that differs from previous well-being measures.
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Bryant, R. B., and C. G. Olson. "Soil Genesis: Opportunities and New Directions for Research." In Future Developments in Soil Science Research. Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1987.futuredevelopmentssoil.c32.
Full textConference papers on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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Kolin, Konstantin Konstantinovich. "The new information reality and the science of information." In 7th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2024-3-2.
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The analysis of the current state, the main trends and prospects for the development of information research in the context of the formation of a global information society and a new scientific and technological revolution is carried out. It is shown that three areas of such research are the most relevant today. The first is the formation of an information paradigm of scientific cognition based on the latest achievements in the field of information philosophy. The second direction is the formation of the scientific branch “Information Sciences”, the core of which will be Computer Science, as the fundamental science of information processes in nature and society. Both of these directions will become the scientific basis for the development of the third direction – the formation of a complex of new information disciplines in the traditional humanities and natural sciences. The intellectual potential of Russia is shown, which can be used for the development of all these new areas of scientific research in the near future.
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Aminu Sanda, Mohammed. "Validity and rationality of using neuroergonomics concept in exploring worker mental issues in systemic-activity theoretical research." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003003.
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It is known fact that the brain is the most complex organ in the human body. Over the last few decades, mapping of the human brain connectivity to human activity has gained considerable attention not only in the areas of neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience, but also in the field of human factors and ergonomics. The field has benefitted greatly from the inclusion and integration of neuroscientific methods and theory, with the argument that synergistic success of such integration could work in the other direction with the inclusion of neuro-field methods and theory of human factors, such as neuro-psychology or neuroergonomics., which incorporates knowledge on workload measures and theory. Thus, the field of human factors and ergonomics has benefitted from the committed inclusion of neuro-based methods and techniques, and it continues to develop and advance in a variety of interesting ways. In this wise, continuous efforts in the neuroergonomics field have been devoted to studying brain signals relative to human systemic activity at work and in everyday settings. Though the number of useful analytical approaches used in neuroergonomics research has rapidly expanded, there is the argument that the functional brain connectivity and network topology in the context of neuroergonomics is largely unknown. Hence, modern network science, entailing a synergetic mix of dynamic systems theory, graph theory, and statistics, is applied in studying the functional and structural brain connectivity network under various states and conditions. Such synergistic relationship is deemed to work in the reverse direction, with methods and measures of human factors and neuroergonomics benefitting other disciplines, such as the systemic structural activity theory (SSAT) approach. SSAT establishes that knowledge derived from ergonomics and activity theory is uniquely capable of engaging with different ways of knowing the world of work, generating new knowledge, and helping stakeholders understand and incorporate the results or lessons learned. Even though previous studies have succeeded in quantifying a great variety of cognitive and physical measures of human tasks, the SSAT approach has been used to understand the mental and physical systemic activities entailed in human dynamic temporal interactions during everyday tasks. This therefore brings to the fore the debate on the validity and rationality of using neuroergonomics concept in exploring worker mental issues in systemic-activity theoretical research. In neuroergonomics studies using the SSAT approach, mental workload is a multidimensional construct and widely invoked concepts, whose assessment has been of great interest. In the SSAT approach, the neuro-indices of cognitive workload have been discussed in the context of human mental load and working memory related to the process of storing and processing information, and which in the workplace require the manipulation and recall of information for decision-making and problem-solving. In this wise, this paper will argue on the validity and rationality of using neuroergonomics concept in the SSAT approach, which has been used in many situations to establish the relation between worker ability to recall and store information to fatigue, stress, and workload, which in turn affects attention levels, situational awareness, and learning performance.
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Antar, Y. M. M. "New directions in antenna research using dielectrics." In Proceedings of the Twentieth National Radio Science Conference (NRSC'2003). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2003.157309.
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Browne, T. C., and R. H. Crotogino. "Future Directions in Calendering Research." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.2.1001.
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Calendering is the papermaker’s last chance to reduce thickness variations along the length and width of the finished sheet, and to improve the sheet smoothness. A smoother sheet results in improved print quality, while more uniform thickness profiles improve the winding process. The calendering operation thus improves the quality of the finished product. In recent years there has been an increase in the loads, speeds and temperatures at which soft-nip calenders, whether on or off line, can be operated without mechanical failure of the cover; the result has been an improvement in the surface and printing properties achievable with mechanical printing grades of paper, and an increase in the production rates which can be sustained. As a result, these calenders have slowly replaced traditional machine calenders in new and retrofit installations. The best available design and trouble-shooting tools for modern machine calenders are based on empirical models, whose coefficients have not been related to fundamental paper or fibre properties. New furnishes therefore require experimental determination of these coefficients, and extrapolation to new calendering conditions involves some risk. As well, there are no published models, empirical or otherwise, for the design and troubleshooting of soft-nip calenders, an unfortunate state of affairs given the increased number of installations of these machines. The purpose of this review is to outline the current understanding of the process, and to identify areas where further research could be useful to allow better prediction of paper properties arising from a change in the equipment or operating conditions.
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Simion, Elena, Narcisa delia valentina Chirvasiu, and Theodora Michel. "INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE EQUALIZATION OF OPPORTUNITIES." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-125.
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Information and communication technology (ICT) is a useful expression to describe the multitude and variety of ways in which technology has infiltrated into many aspects of everyday life, in education, at work or at home in the spare time. The last 20 years have brought remarkable innovations in the delivery of educational content. Traditionally distinct, text, sound, graphics and video content are now combined into a single "multimedia" document. The world around us is becoming increasingly interconnected through computer networks. Moreover, the evolution of the field of ICT is closely intertwined with the advancement of science in general and technology in particular and with the development of legislative initiatives that support research, implementation and dissemination of its applications within the educational system. The use of assistive technologies allows students with special needs to participate actively in the process of interaction and communication; in other words, technology can recover or replace deficiency to a very great extent, depending on several factors: the moment when its use was introduced, the manner of implementation, ongoing support from the persons around etc. The use of interactive information technologies has great potential for the education of children with special educational needs. Technology can be an equalization factor - for many people with disabilities, technology can serve as a support to overcome or compensate for cognitive difficulties in learning. This paper attempts to summarize some of the current directions for the deployment of information and communication technologies in education. Various possibilities of using these technologies in the educational process are presented, with reference to the use in teaching, to the use as a communication tool, as a compensatory tool or means for training, exploration or evaluation.
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Loibl, Katharina, Timo Leuders, Inga Glogger-Frey, and Nikol Rummel. "Cognitive Analysis of Composite Instructional Designs: New Directions for Research on Problem-Solving Prior to Instruction." In 16th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 2023. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22318/cscl2023.638393.
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Lisnawita, Lisnawita, and Juhaida Bakar. "Prospects for Lexical Simplification: Bibliometric Analysis and New Directions of Research." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental, Energy, and Earth Science, ICEEES 2023, 30 October 2023, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2023.2343091.
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tursunova, Matluba. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND BILINGUALISM: LINGUISTIC AND EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES." In MODERN APPROACHES AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES. BOOKMANY PRINT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.2025./ikgh9141.
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Sociolinguistics and bilingualism are crucial fields in modern linguistic research, offering deep insights into language usage within social contexts. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of sociolinguistics, emphasizing its relevance to bilingualism. The phenomenon of bilingualism is examined in relation to linguistic, cognitive, and social factors, highlighting its significance in both theoretical linguistics and language education. This study also discusses the role of bilingualism in language acquisition and proficiency development, emphasizing its implications for educational strategies.
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Musayeva, Nozima. "THEORIES AND APPROACHES TO TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING." In MODERN APPROACHES AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES. BOOKMANY PRINT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.2025./baqp7880.
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This research explores the critical role of listening in language learning, highlighting its significance as a foundational skill for second language acquisition. It provides a comprehensive analysis of different types of listening, including discriminative, comprehensive, critical, and appreciative listening, while also examining cognitive processing models such as bottom-up, top-down, and interactive approaches. The study reviews key theories from scholars like Vandergrift, Goh, Rost, and Richards, emphasizing the active and strategic nature of listening. Additionally, recent research on podcastbased instruction, AI-driven tools, and explicit listening strategy teaching is examined. The paper underscores the need for structured listening instruction and technological integration to enhance learner engagement and comprehension. Future research directions include data-driven methodologies and innovative tools to further develop listening proficiency in language education
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Usmonova, Dilnoza. "THE PHENOMENON OF EUPHEMISM IN WORLD LINGUISTICS AND ITS THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION." In MODERN APPROACHES AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES. BOOKMANY PRINT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.2025./nrye5302.
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This article discusses the role of euphemisms in modern linguistic research and their analysis based on various approaches. It reveals the analysis of euphemisms from the perspective of sociolinguistics, linguoculturology, cognitive linguistics and linguopragmatics, the extent to which their communicative functions, semantic properties and significance in the cultural context have been studied. In particular, the works of scientists who have made a significant contribution to the study of euphemisms are analyzed and the prospects for scientific research on this topic are considered. The article serves to provide a deeper understanding of the issues of linguoculturology and linguopragmatics related to euphemisms, as well as the problems that arise in the process of their translation. At the same time, it serves as an important source for improving research in this area and expanding theoretical knowledge.
Reports on the topic "New directions in cognitive science research"
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Stanley, Rachel H. R., Thomas Thomas, Yuan Gao, et al. US SOLAS Science Report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27821.
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The Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) (http://www.solas-int.org/) is an international research initiative focused on understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere that are critical elements of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Following the release of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016), the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC) was formed as a subcommittee of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee to coordinate US SOLAS efforts and activities, facilitate interactions among atmospheric and ocean scientists, and strengthen US contributions to international SOLAS. In October 2019, with support from OCB, the OAIC convened an open community workshop, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions: Scoping directions for new research with the goal of fostering new collaborations and identifying knowledge gaps and high-priority science questions to formulate a US SOLAS Science Plan. Based on presentations and discussions at the workshop, the OAIC and workshop participants have developed this US SOLAS Science Plan. The first part of the workshop and this Science Plan were purposefully designed around the five themes of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016) to provide a common set of research priorities and ensure a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS.
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Guha, Supratik, H. S. Philip Wong, Jean Anne Incorvia, and Srabanti Chowdhury. Future Directions Workshop: Materials, Processes, and R&D Challenges in Microelectronics. Defense Technical Information Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1188476.
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Microelectronics is a complex field with ever-evolving technologies and business needs, fueled by decades of continued fundamental materials science and engineering advancement. Decades of dimensional scaling have led to the point where even the name microelectronics inadequately describes the field, as most modern devices operate on the nanometer scale. As we reach physical limits and seek more efficient ways for computing, research in new materials may offer alternative design approaches that involve much more than electron transport e.g. photonics, spintronics, topological materials, and a variety of exotic quasi-particles. New engineering processes and capabilities offer the means to take advantage of new materials designs e.g. 3D integration, atomic scale fabrication processes and metrologies, digital twins for semiconductor processes and microarchitectures. The wide range of potential technological approaches provides both opportunities and challenges. The Materials, Processes, and R and D Challenges in Microelectronics Future Directions workshop was held June 23-24, 2022, at the Basic Research Innovation Collaboration Center in Arlington, VA, to examine these opportunities and challenges. Sponsored by the Basic Research Directorate of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, it is intended as a resource for the S and T community including the broader federal funding community, federal laboratories, domestic industrial base, and academia.
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Archibeque, Ben, Kari O'Connell, Isabel Delgado, Christopher Nytch, Nancy Merlo, and Emily Ortiz Franco. Public Engagement with Science at Luquillo-Long-Term Ecological Research Program: Results from a Case Study. Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1174.
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The goals of this work are to a) understand community perspectives related to public engagement with science and the Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LUQ-LTER) program, b) enhance existing relationships within these communities, and c) illuminate opportunities for establishing new relationships between the LUQ-LTER program and its surrounding community. We share results from our case study that includes three methods of data collection: interviews with natural resource managers, a community conversation activity with 12 local community organizations, and a survey given at a public outreach event at El Portal de El Yunque. From interviews with natural resource managers, we learned they are looking for collaborations which directly benefit the resources they manage (forests, water, etc.), and they are also hoping for more formal communication structures between them and the LUQ-LTER. Sixty percent of the organizations at the Community Conversation shared that the most valuable outcome was learning that LUQ-LTER existed .All participants expressed interest in collaborating with the LUQ-LTER and said that LUQ-LTER’s long term ecological data could be beneficial for them to use and LUQ-LTER could be a productive context to share data they gather to heighten utility in all directions. From a survey given at the International Day of Forests Celebration, we learned that most people present at the activity came to the El Yunque National Forest to learn about the forest, spend time with family, or enjoy the forest. We also learned that during previous visits to El Yunque, they most commonly either day hiked or visited a geographical feature (waterfall or observation tower). When asked about which activities they would like to have happen in the future in El Yunque, most people indicated high levels of interest in having educational activities (like festivals or flora and fauna workshops), workshops or training on environmental issues, and night tours. The volunteer opportunities for which the most people indicated highest levels of interest were trail, camp, and related maintenance as well as fish and wildlife opportunities. Overall, everyone we talked to was interested in more collaboration and working together in the future, giving the LUQ-LTER program an excellent starting point for building stronger relationships with the community surrounding their site.
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Alhasson, Haifa F., and Shuaa S. Alharbi. New Trends in image-based Diabetic Foot Ucler Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0128.
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Review question / Objective: A significant amount of research has been conducted to detect and recognize diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) using computer vision methods, but there are still a number of challenges. DFUs detection frameworks based on machine learning/deep learning lack systematic reviews. With Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL), you can improve care for individuals at risk for DFUs, identify and synthesize evidence about its use in interventional care and management of DFUs, and suggest future research directions. Information sources: A thorough search of electronic databases such as Science Direct, PubMed (MIDLINE), arXiv.org, MDPI, Nature, Google Scholar, Scopus and Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify and select the literature for this study (January 2010-January 01, 2023). It was based on the most popular image-based diagnosis targets in DFu such as segmentation, detection and classification. Various keywords were used during the identification process, including artificial intelligence in DFu, deep learning, machine learning, ANNs, CNNs, DFu detection, DFu segmentation, DFu classification, and computer-aided diagnosis.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, and Андрій Валерійович Пікільняк. Pedagogical techniques of Earth remote sensing data application into modern school practice. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3257.
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Abstract. The article dwells upon the Earth remote sensing data as one of the basic directions of Geo-Information Science, a unique source of information on processes and phenomena occurring in almost all spheres of the Earth geographic shell (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, etc.). The authors argue that the use of aerospace images by means of the information and communication technologies involvement in the learning process allows not only to increase the information context value of learning, but also contributes to the formation of students’ cognitive interest in such disciplines as geography, biology, history, physics, computer science, etc. It has been grounded that remote sensing data form students’ spatial, temporal and qualitative concepts, sensory support for the perception, knowledge and explanation of the specifics of objects and phenomena of geographical reality, which, in its turn, provides an increase in the level of educational achievements. The techniques of aerospace images application into the modern school practice have been analyzed and illustrated in the examples: from using them as visual aids, to realization of practical and research orientation of training on the basis of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the practical component of the Earth remote sensing implementation into the modern school practice with the help of information and communication technologies.
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Kholoshyn, Ihor V., Iryna M. Varfolomyeyeva, Olena V. Hanchuk, Olga V. Bondarenko, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Pedagogical techniques of Earth remote sensing data application into modern school practice. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3262.
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The article dwells upon the Earth remote sensing data as one of the basic directions of Geo-Information Science, a unique source of information on processes and phenomena occurring in almost all spheres of the Earth geographic shell (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, etc.). The authors argue that the use of aerospace images by means of the information and communication technologies involvement in the learning process allows not only to increase the information context value of learning, but also contributes to the formation of students’ cognitive interest in such disciplines as geography, biology, history, physics, computer science, etc. It has been grounded that remote sensing data form students’ spatial, temporal and qualitative concepts, sensory support for the perception, knowledge and explanation of the specifics of objects and phenomena of geographical reality, which, in its turn, provides an increase in the level of educational achievements. The techniques of aerospace images application into the modern school practice have been analyzed and illustrated in the examples: from using them as visual aids, to realization of practical and research orientation of training on the basis of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the practical component of the Earth remote sensing implementation into the modern school practice with the help of information and communication technologies.
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Oleksiuk, Vasyl P., and Olesia R. Oleksiuk. Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching school computer science. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4404.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon of augmented reality (AR) in education. AR is a new technology that complements the real world with the help of computer data. Such content is tied to specific locations or activities. Over the last few years, AR applications have become available on mobile devices. AR becomes available in the media (news, entertainment, sports). It is starting to enter other areas of life (such as e-commerce, travel, marketing). But education has the biggest impact on AR. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the authors explored the possibilities of using augmented reality in education. They identified means of augmented reality for teaching computer science at school. Such programs and services allow students to observe the operation of computer systems when changing their parameters. Students can also modify computer hardware for augmented reality objects and visualize algorithms and data processes. The article describes the content of author training for practicing teachers. At this event, some applications for training in AR technology were considered. The possibilities of working with augmented reality objects in computer science training are singled out. It is shown that the use of augmented reality provides an opportunity to increase the realism of research; provides emotional and cognitive experience. This all contributes to engaging students in systematic learning; creates new opportunities for collaborative learning, develops new representations of real objects.
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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.
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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Langlais, Pierre-Carl. Scientific Integrity. Comité pour la science ouverte, 2024. https://doi.org/10.52949/59.
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Between 2-4% of researchers admit to have falsified or fabricated their data. The prevalence of such unethical behavior can be as high as 10% in some disciplines or countries. Data falsification is an extreme form of questionable research practices that are both less problematic and much more widespread: surveys on different disciplines have shown that more than half of researchers make some form of selective reporting or add new data until they obtain significant results. Unethical practices harm the global quality of research. Provided they have been validated by peer review, fabricated, distorted or selected data are featured in literature review or meta-analysis. They can in turn influence directions for future research or, even, policy decisions with wide range implications in health, economics or politics. Negative incentives have attracted significant attention: publishers, institutions and research evaluators tend to favor unprecedented research that does not simply confirm common hypotheses. The lack of proper tools, standards and workflows to deal efficiently with data is also a fundamental issue. In most disciplines, data collection is not well organized nor maintained: it has been estimated that as much as half of the datasets created from the 1990s in life science are already lost. Questionable research practices partly stem from common deficiencies in scientific data management. Open science and data sharing have recently emerged as a common framework to solve issues of research integrity. While initially focused on access to publications, the open science movement is more broadly concerned with transparency at all the stages of the research lifecycle. The diffusion of datasets in open repositories and infrastructures has already largely solved major issues of long term preservation. It also ensures that potential errors or adjustments to statistical indicators can be subsequently corrected, as posterior analysis and replications have access to the original data source. Open science is now increasingly integrated into ethical standards, following community-led initiatives like the TOP Guidelines (2014). The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity from 2017 includes full requirements for open access, open data and reproducible workflow: “Researchers, research institutions and organizations ensure access to data is as open as possible, as closed as necessary”. The Hong Kong principles for assessing researchers (2020) acknowledge open science as one of the five pillars of scientific integrity. Open science is changing the nature of the debate over research integrity which had remained until now largely detached from the public space. 60%-90% of the audience of open scientific platforms comes from non-academic professionals and private citizens. This increased diffusion creates new responsibilities but also new opportunities to involve non-academic stakeholders in the spirit of citizen science.
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SOLOVEVA, N., and V. TARAKANOVA. TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-27-39.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses technological approaches to training in Higher Education Institution. The essence of technological approach to training consists in the transformation of educational processes into process with the guaranteed result. It supplements scientific approaches of pedagogy, psychology, sociology and other directions of science and practice. Purpose. To reveal how technological approaches to training in higher education institution influence on knowledge got by students. Scientific novelty. The article reveals development of the personality, creative abilities and it is necessary to use technological approaches of training, various creative tasks, research projects at the lectures. On the first and second years of education the pedagogical technology which is based on motivation of educational cognitive activity through communication and cooperation influences on the intellectual and behavioral status of students. Training is more effective, than the better methodology and technology of educational process will be coordinated with technology of assimilation the knowledge. It is important that all students in a higher educational institution could acquire material and began to use it in practice in the work. The signs of technology, a model of pedagogical technology, the scheme of technological creation of educational process and the results of expense of time in digestion of material by students are described in the article. Technological approach modernizes training on a basis of activity of students. Thanks to it, students achieve goals in the form of assimilation the knowledge in easier and productive way. When using technological approach there is an involvement of each student in educational process, knowledge is put into practice, there is always an access to necessary information (including the Internet), there is a communication and cooperation not only with the lecturer, but also with fellow students and what is more important is a constant test of the forces for overcoming the arising problems. Features of pedagogical technologies consist in activity of the lecturers and students. The activity of the lecturers is in that he knows well psychological and personal features of students and can introduce amendments on the training process course. The lecturer, as directly, and by means of technical means carries out the organizing, operating, motivating and controlling functions in the course of training. Practical significance. The practical importance consists in the use in practice of technological approaches to training in Higher Education Institution that promotes the guaranteed achievement of the set educational objects, the organization of all course of training in compliance to the purposes and tasks, assessment of the current results and their correction in case of need and also final assessment of results.