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1
Sutin, Angelina. "NEW DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH ON THE DYNAMICS OF PURPOSE IN LIFE AND COGNITIVE AGING." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1024.
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Abstract Purpose in life is the feeling that one’s life is goal oriented and has direction. There is converging, replicated evidence that having a greater sense of purpose in life is associated with better cognitive aging outcomes, including less cognitive decline across middle and older adulthood and lower risk of incident dementia. Emerging evidence also suggests that cognitive function may likewise support purpose in life. This symposium highlights recent advances on the dynamics between purpose in life and cognition across varying time scales and populations. Kim will describe the association between purpose in life and the maintenance of better cognitive function across six years in older adulthood and moderators of this association. Nelson and Bergeman will describe how cognitive function supported purpose in life through the uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic and moderators of this association. Pfund and colleagues will report on the bidirectional associations between purpose and cognition in older adulthood across four longitudinal samples using a coordinated data analytic approach. Finally, Sutin and colleagues will report on an ecological momentary assessment study that found that in moments when participants felt more purposeful, they had faster processing speed. Collectively, these talks emphasize the dynamic and often bidirectional relation between purpose in life and cognitive function. This work will help stimulate research to better understand purpose and cognitive health and how to leverage purpose in life for healthier cognitive aging outcomes.
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Pandža, Nick B., Ian Phillips, Valerie P. Karuzis, Polly O'Rourke, and Stefanie E. Kuchinsky. "Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 40 (March 2020): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190520000069.
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AbstractThis paper begins by discussing new trends in the use of neurostimulation techniques in cognitive science and learning research, as well as the nascent research on their application in second language learning. To illustrate this, an experiment designed to investigate the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is delivered via earbuds, on how learners process and learn Mandarin tones is reported. Pupillometry, which is an index of cognitive effort, is explained and illustrated as one way to assess the impact of tVNS. Participants in the study were native English speakers, naïve to tone languages, pseudorandomly assigned to active or control conditions, while balancing for nonlinguistic pitch ability and musical experience. Their performance after tVNS was assessed using a range of more traditional language outcome measures, including accuracy and reaction times from lexical recognition and recall tasks and was triangulated with pupillometry during word-learning to help understand the mechanism through which tVNS operates. Findings are discussed in light of the literatures on lexical tone learning, cognitive effort, and neurostimulation, including specific benefits for learners of tone languages. Recommendations are made for future work on the increasingly popular area of neurostimulation for the field of applied linguistics in the 40th anniversary issue of ARAL.
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Igisheva, Lyudmila, Irina Nechaeva, Aleksandra Rumyanceva, and Yuliya Shot. "Genesis of Clinical Linguistics: Cognitive-Communication Disorders and Their Research Directions." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 4 (2022): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-4-277-284.
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Cognitive linguistics, psychophysiology, cardiology, and pathological psycholinguistics have common theory and methodology. Clinical linguistics is a new area of research within cognitive science. The authors reviewed domestic and foreign studies of communicative disorders published in 1981–2022. The review focused on the cardiology, neurology, and pathological psycholinguistics of speech abnormalities, which demonstrated similar terminology and methods. The authors identified three research directions: 1) disorders associated with the period of intrauterine, intranatal, or early postpartum development; 2) age-related disorders; 3) disorders caused by a prior disease or brain injury. The language and communication profile of patients with cognitive impairments was different, but all aspects of language and communication fell into the field of psychophysiology, cardiology, and pathological psycholinguistics, thus remaining within an interdisciplinary paradigm. The review highlighted some terminological inconsistency of studies focused on the analysis of language and speech in cognitive linguistics. The authors proved that clinical linguistics is a separate branch of cognitive research that bridges a certain gap between theory and practice. They defined the main objectives of clinical linguistics as the coordination of the conceptual and terminological research apparatus, unification of methodology, and development of unified principles for language and communication research.
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Henderson, Charles, José P. Mestre, and Linda L. Slakey. "Cognitive Science Research Can Improve Undergraduate STEM Instruction." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732215601115.
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This article explores the directions needed to facilitate widespread adoption of the findings of cognitive science (CS) into undergraduate instruction in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The emerging research tradition of STEM discipline-based education research (DBER) is introduced briefly, with a focus on physics education research (PER). Examples of cognitive science research that are beginning to affect classroom practice are introduced, as well as examples that have direct implications for improving STEM instructional practices, yet remain largely unknown in the STEM community. Two barriers slow the implementation of CS findings in undergraduate STEM instruction. The first is lack of communication between cognitive science and STEM DBER researchers. The second is that, even when strong curricula and instructional practices are developed, there are many structural obstacles that make it difficult for STEM instructors to implement new instructional strategies. We provide an overview of current efforts to overcome these structural obstacles, and suggest policy implications for the cognitive science and DBER research communities that could facilitate the development, evaluation, and adoption of research-based instructional strategies in STEM undergraduate education.
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Davidson, Graham. "Metacognition, cognition and learning: Old dubitations and new directions." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 7 (1994): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001371.
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Research into metacognition, a relatively new construct in the cognitive sciences, has been prodigious over the last decade. This is despite continuing doubts about its heuristic value. Initial doubts emphasised difficulties associated with definition of the construct, the limited predictive power of metacognitive task performance in relation to actual cognitive task or test performance and, relatedly, difficulties in operationalising the construct in specific thinking and problem solving contexts. Subsequent cross-cultural research has focussed on the degree to which metacognitive thinking is situationalised according to cultural context and thinking task, despite the implication that such thinking, by nature, is “multicontextual.” It then questioned the extent to which different social and cultural groups differ in their construction of the metacognitive level of knowledge and its relevance to their everyday life task performance and thinking.
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Cohen, Ronald A. "From Theory to Application." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 6 (2001): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701226150.
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Neuropsychology owes much to the pioneering efforts of researchers in cognitive psychology. Theory and methods derived from the cognitive sciences have provided an important foundation for neuropsychology. The Attention and Performance series has been at the vanguard of cognitive psychology, both chronicling major developments in cognitive science that emerged over the past half century, and catalyzing new directions in cognitive theory, method, and application. Most students of psychology can probably recall some time during their undergraduate or graduate studies, pulling from university library shelves, one of the earlier volumes of this series, as they prepared a term paper, thesis, or research project. The 17th volume of Attention and Performance of this edited series was the product of the proceedings of the International Association for the Study of Attention and Performance, held in Haifa, Israel, 30 years after the first edition in 1966. Reviewing the topics covered in the earlier editions, one is struck by the extent to which this series has both mirrored current direction and anticipated shifts in the paradigms of cognitive science.
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Pawlak, Anna. "Research Developments on Legal Socialization." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 14, no. 1 (2022): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2021.14.1-25.
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The research approach to the issue of legal socialization changes along with the development of science and the evolution of legal theory. The paper reviews and systematizes the most important approaches and perspectives of research on legal socialization over time, from the first indepth studies up to 2020. It shows the research expansion of the last decade on a global scale, as well as its deficiency in Poland. By analyzing the factors of legal socialization, it is possible to reach a full understanding of the process, and to draw conclusions as to the future directions of research. Undoubtedly, there is a new perspective of research that takes into account the achievements of cognitive sciences, especially neuroscience.
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Lin, Xiaomeng. "An Overview of Cognitive Strategies in SLA of English in 21st Century." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 6, no. 4 (2024): p158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v6n4p158.
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Cognitive linguistics scrutinizes the close relationship between the human brain, mind and SLA. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many new paradigms and approaches have emerged in this domain of SLA. Based on English as L2, this paper delves into the review in cognitive dimension from three main aspects: cognitive linguistics represented by constructional grammar, empirical cognitive science represented by neural-brain science and corpus research, as well as category and metaphor-related theories in cognitive semantics. These cognitive perspectives and strategies are interconnected and complementary, constituting a general and comprehensive sketch of new paradigms in cognitive SLA. This paper summarizes and analyzes how cognitive linguistics and cognitive science in the 21st century can provide coherent and appropriate theoretical guidance and methodological reference for the study of SLA, and meanwhile criticize and reflect on the shortcomings of the current research field and offers suggestions for future research directions.
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Lambert, Megan, Benjamin Farrar, Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Stephan Reber, and Rachael Miller. "ManyBirds: A multi-site collaborative Open Science approach to avian cognition and behavior research." Animal Behavior and Cognition 9, no. 1 (2022): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.01.11.2022.
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Comparative cognitive and behavior research aims to investigate cognitive evolution by comparing performance in different species to understand how these abilities have evolved. Ideally, this requires large and diverse samples; however, these can be difficult to obtain by single labs or institutions, leading to potential reproducibility and generalization issues with small, less representative samples. To help mitigate these issues, we are establishing a multi-site collaborative Open Science approach called ManyBirds, with the aim of providing new insight into the evolution of avian cognition and behavior through large-scale comparative studies, following the lead of exemplary ManyPrimates, ManyBabies and ManyDogs projects. Here, we outline a) the replicability crisis and why we should study birds, including the origin of modern birds, avian brains and convergent evolution of cognition; b) the current state of the avian cognition field, including a ‘snapshot’ review; c) the ManyBirds project, with plans, infrastructure, limitations, implications and future directions. In sharing this process, we hope that this may be useful for other researchers in devising similar projects in other taxa, like non-avian reptiles or mammals, and to encourage further collaborations with ManyBirds and related ManyX projects. Ultimately, we hope to promote collaboration between ManyX projects to allow for wider investigation of the evolution of cognition across all animals, including potentially humans.
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O'Connor, Mary-Frances. "Making Meaning of Life Events: Theory, Evidence, and Research Directions for an Alternative Model." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 1 (2003): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0ckd-pvq0-t260-ntxu.
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Utilizing cognition, emotion, and psychotherapy research, theoretical and empirical evidence on adjustment to negative life events is reviewed. Two models of adjustment to negative life events are developed: the return-to-baseline model and the meaning-making model. The return-to-baseline model utilizes time and the return to a pre-event level of negativity, while the meaning-making model uses cognitive restructuring, increasing positive emotion, increasing regulation of negative emotion, and decreasing autonomic arousal. Meaning-making is a bridge from the negative emotion caused by negative life events to positive emotion through cognitive restructuring. Throughout the article new directions in adjustment research are suggested and the implicit uses of the return-to-baseline model in current research are uncovered.
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Kiousi, Despoina, Athanasios Karapetsas, Kyriaki Karolidou, Mihalis Panayiotidis, Aglaia Pappa, and Alex Galanis. "Probiotics in Extraintestinal Diseases: Current Trends and New Directions." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040788.
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Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Their positive supplementation outcomes on several gastrointestinal disorders are well defined. Nevertheless, their actions are not limited to the gut, but may also impart their beneficial effects at distant sites and organs. In this regard, in this review article we: (i) comprehensively describe the main mechanisms of action of probiotics at distant sites, including bones, skin, and brain; (ii) critically present their therapeutic potential against bone, skin, and neuronal diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, non-healing wounds and autoimmune skin illnesses, mood, behavior, memory, and cognitive impairments); (iii) address the current gaps in the preclinical and clinical research; and (iv) indicate new research directions and suggest future investigations.
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Redding, Richard E. "Perspectives on Cognitive Task-Analysis: The State of the State of the Art." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 19 (1989): 1348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301924.
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This study presents a critical analysis of the state of current technologies, methods, and tools used in cognitive task-analysis. Methods for cognitive task-analysis, derived from methods used in cognitive science, are relatively new and have not been systematized. Current methodologies demand considerable time and expertise to conduct properly and often yield data which is difficult to readily translate into practical application. This paper examines these problems and proposes some directions for future research and training program development.
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Bhattacharyya, Srimoyi, and Amita Chatterjee. "The Origins of Cognitive Science: A Tale of Many Meetings." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 10 (2018): 78–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1455738.
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With its intellectual origins predating the birth of the discipline and born to many contributing domains, Cognitive Science has had an uncharted but a fascinating growth. While the inadequacy of resources available and the absence of historically sensible narratives prevent stringing together a sequence of influences crucial to the meandering and transition of focus areas in Cognitive Scientific works, on the other hand, the many meetings and its theme, the participants and their works, hold vital clues to the coming into being of a nouveau science. This paper investigates the gradual growth of the discipline from the perspective of many meetings held and keeps a tab of how Cognitive Science has progressed in close correspondence with the overall advances of science and technology, over the years.
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Thompson, Evan, Adrian Palacios, and Francisco J. Varela. "Ways of coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for cognitive science." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (1992): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00067248.
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AbstractDifferent explanations of color vision favor different philosophical positions: Computational vision is more compatible with objectivism (the color is in the object), psychophysics and neurophysiology with subjectivism (the color is in the head). Comparative research suggests that an explanation of color must be both experientialist (unlike objectivism) and ecological (unlike subjectivism). Computational vision's emphasis on optimally “recovering” prespecified features of the environment (i.e., distal properties, independent of the sensory-motor capacities of the animal) is unsatisfactory. Conceiving of visual perception instead as the visual guidance of activity in an environment that is determined largely by that very activity suggests new directions for research.
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Jeffrey, Anne, and Krista Mehari. "Surprising Empirical Directions for Thomistic Moral Psychology: Social Information Processing and Aggression Research." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 96, no. 2 (2022): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq2022126249.
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One of the major contemporary challenges to Thomistic moral psychology is that it is incompatible with the most up-to-date psychological science. Here Thomistic psychology is in good company, targeted along with most virtue-ethical views by philosophical Situationism, which uses replicated psychological studies to suggest that our behaviors are best explained by situational pressures rather than by stable traits (like virtues and vices). In this essay we explain how this body of psychological research poses a much deeper threat to Thomistic moral psychology in particular. For Thomistic moral psychology includes descriptive claims about causal connections between certain cognitive processes and behaviors, even independent of whether those processes emerge from habits like virtues. Psychological studies of correlations between these can provide evidence against those causal claims. We offer a new programmatic response to this deeper challenge: empirical studies are relevant only if they investigate behaviors under intentional descriptions, such that the correlations discovered are between cognition and what Aquinas calls human acts. Psychological research on aggression already emphasizes correlations between cognition and intentional behavior, or human acts, and so is positioned to shed light on how well Thomistic moral psychology fits with empirical data. Surprisingly, Aquinas’s views have quite a lot in common with a leading model of aggression, the social information processing (SIP) model. We close by suggesting how we might examine claims of Thomistic moral psychology from an empirical perspective further using research on social information processing and aggression.
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Honcharuk, Andrii, and Nataliia Honcharuk. "Conceptual Model for Diagnosing Parent-Child Relationships in Psychological Science." Collection of Research Papers "Problems of Modern Psychology 65 (May 27, 2025): 31–50. https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2025-65.31-50.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze psychodiagnostic methods for assessing parent-child relationships and develop a model for empirically studying parent-child relationships in the context of scientific research. Methods of the research: theoretical monitoring of scientific research on the problem, analysis of psychodiagnostic tools, comparison of the conceptual foundations of domestic and foreign psychodiagnostics, and modeling. The results of the research. In the context of the presented scientific research, the main directions of the problem are analyzed. Based on the outlined directions, the components of parent-child relationships are characterized, among which cognitive, motivational, individually oriented, communicative, emotional-evaluative, problem-oriented are distinguished. Within each component, the tasks of a psychodiagnostic examination are formulated and psychodiagnostic methods are selected taking into account the research tasks. New approaches to assessing parent-child relationships, developed in the modern scientific paradigm, are analyzed. Tests, projective techniques, questionnaires, which are widely used in the work of a psychologist to study various aspects of the interaction of parents and children in the process of upbringing, are thoroughly described. Based on the conducted research, a model for assessing parent-child relationships is developed. Conclusion. The analysis of psychodiagnostic and scientific research tools made it possible to determine the main components, indicators, and structural scheme of studying parent-child relationships, which made it possible to develop a model of scientific research, which is presented as the basis for psychological diagnostics of parental educational influence. The components of the empirical study were identified as cognitive, motivational, individually oriented, communicative, emotional-evaluative, problem-oriented spheres. The criteria were parental competence, parental attitude, upbringing style, communicative tactics of parents, humane relationships, psychological climate of the family and conflict interaction.
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Franco, L. A., and M. Meadows. "Exploring new directions for research in problem structuring methods: on the role of cognitive style." Journal of the Operational Research Society 58, no. 12 (2007): 1621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602346.
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Zmigrod, Leor, and Manos Tsakiris. "Computational and neurocognitive approaches to the political brain: key insights and future avenues for political neuroscience." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1822 (2021): 20200130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0130.
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Although the study of political behaviour has been traditionally restricted to the social sciences, new advances in political neuroscience and computational cognitive science highlight that the biological sciences can offer crucial insights into the roots of ideological thought and action. Echoing the dazzling diversity of human ideologies, this theme issue seeks to reflect the multiplicity of theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the nature of the political brain. Cutting-edge research along three thematic strands is presented, including (i) computational approaches that zoom in on fine-grained mechanisms underlying political behaviour, (ii) neurocognitive perspectives that harness neuroimaging and psychophysiological techniques to study ideological processes, and (iii) behavioural studies and policy-minded analyses of such understandings across cultures and across ideological domains. Synthesizing these findings together, the issue elucidates core questions regarding the nature of uncertainty in political cognition, the mechanisms of social influence and the cognitive structure of ideological beliefs. This offers key directions for future biologically grounded research as well as a guiding map for citizens, psychologists and policymakers traversing the uneven landscape of modern polarization, misinformation, intolerance and dogmatism. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms'.
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Herold, Fabian, Thomas Gronwald, Felix Scholkmann, et al. "New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?" Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060342.
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In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.
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Siddike, Md Abul Kalam, and Yoji Kohda. "Trust in Cognitive Assistants." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 6, no. 1 (2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2019010104.
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The main purpose of this research is to develop a framework of trust determinants in the interactions between people and cognitive assistants (CAs). CAs are defined as new decision tools that can provide people with high quality recommendations and help them make data-driven decisions to understand the environment around them. Trust is defined as the belief of people that CAs will help them reach a desired decision. An extensive review on trust in psychology, sociology, economics and policy making, organizational science, automation, and robotics was conducted to determine the factors that influence people's trust in CAs. On the basis of this review, a framework of trust determinants in people's interactions with CAs was developed where reliability, attractiveness, and emotional attachments positively influence people's trust in CAs. The framework also shows that relative advantages of innovativeness positively affect the intention to use CAs. Future research directions are suggested for developing and validating more concrete scales in measuring trust determinants in the interactions between people and CAs.
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Yermekova, T., and N. Zhangabayeva. "COGNITIVE NATURE OF ETHNOGRAPHIC UNITS RELATED TO THE GIRL." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-3.03.
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In the research work, the main object is ethnographic units, linguistic and cultural units associated with the girl. Each nation has its own specifics, its own worldview, culture, history, traditions. Their millennial appearance is preserved in the wise language of that nation, people. Currently, as a result of the merger of various sciences, interesting and important research works are being conducted. The scientific direction linking these sciences is the anthropocentric direction. That is, the units included in the object of research are considered with a focus on the human factor, on the person himself. The article examines the works of N.Ualiuly, A.Baigutova, A.Alimzhanova, G. Shokym, T.Yermekova, M.Bigeldieva and other scientists. Also, the main object of our research, ethnographic units are considered in the prism of new branches of linguistics, their cognitive nature and potential are revealed. While many scientific studies and projects devoted to the topic of girls, women, were conducted in different directions, ethnographic units related to the girl in our work acquire a primary character. Such ethnographic units include: customs and traditions in relation to a girl, a woman, their cognitive formulations, linguistic units related to girls in general, with the potential to determine and characterize the national flavor. The study provides arguments in favor of the fact that such linguistic units are one of the main concepts that form the worldview, cultural, spiritual wealth of the nation.
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Krendl, Kathy A., and Debra A. Lieberman. "Computers and Learning: A Review of Recent Research." Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, no. 4 (1988): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bp7r-8y2y-r57c-5jkl.
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This literature review examines recent research on computers and learning. It covers investigations of the computer in relation to: 1) effects on learning, 2) development of cognitive skills, 3) academic motivation, 4) learning environments, and 5) methodological issues. It notes three emerging trends; though these trends do not characterize the field as a whole, they set new and rigorous standards for research in the field. They include the integration of educational and psychological theory into research, precision in concept specification, and improvements in research design. The review notes the predominance of quantitative methods for hypothesis testing, with new interest emerging in the application of qualitative approaches for hypothesis formation. In addition, several new directions for research are proposed.
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Lytras, Miltiadis D., Vijay Raghavan, and Ernesto Damiani. "Big Data and Data Analytics Research." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 13, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2017010101.
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The Big Data and Data Analytics is a brand new paradigm, for the integration of Internet Technology in the human and machine context. For the first time in the history of the human mankind we are able to transforming raw data that are massively produced by humans and machines in to knowledge and wisdom capable of supporting smart decision making, innovative services, new business models, innovation, and entrepreneurship. For the Web Science research, this is a new methodological and technological spectrum of advanced methods, frameworks and functionalities never experienced in the past. At the same moment communities out of web science need to realize the potential of this new paradigm with the support of new sound business models and a critical shift in the perception of decision making. In this short visioning article, the authors are analyzing the main aspects of Big Data and Data Analytics Research and they provide their own metaphor for the next years. A number of research directions are outlined as well as a new roadmap towards the evolution of Big Data to Smart Decisions and Cognitive Computing. The authors do hope that the readers would like to react and to propose their own value propositions for the domain initiating a scientific dialogue beyond self-fulfilled expectations.
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Boik, John C. "Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part III: Design." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020726.
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Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other major social and environmental problems pose severe risks. Progress has been inadequate and scientists, global policy experts, and the general public increasingly conclude that transformational change is needed across all sectors of society in order to improve and maintain social and ecological wellbeing. At least two paths to transformation are conceivable: (1) reform of and innovation within existing societal systems (e.g., economic, legal, and governance systems); and (2) the de novo development of and migration to new and improved societal systems. This paper is the final in a three-part series of concept papers that together outline a novel science-driven research and development program aimed at the second path. It summarizes literature to build a narrative on the topic of de novo design of societal systems. The purpose is to raise issues, suggest design possibilities, and highlight directions and questions that could be explored in the context of this or any R&D program aimed at new system design. This paper does not present original research, but rather provides a synthesis of selected ideas from the literature. Following other papers in the series, a society is viewed as a superorganism and its societal systems as a cognitive architecture. Accordingly, a central goal of design is to improve the collective cognitive capacity of a society, rendering it more capable of achieving and sustainably maintaining vitality. Topics of attention, communication, self-identity, power, and influence are discussed in relation to societal cognition and system design. A prototypical societal system is described, and some design considerations are highlighted.
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Sommer, Joseph, Julien Musolino, and Pernille Hemmer. "The Memorability of Supernatural Concepts: Some Puzzles and New Theoretical Directions." Journal of Cognition and Culture 22, no. 1-2 (2022): 90–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340126.
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Abstract We evaluate the literature on the memorability of supernatural concepts (e.g., gods, ghosts, souls), itself part of a growing body of work in the emerging cognitive science of religion (Barrett, 2007). Specifically, we focus on Boyer’s (1994a, 2000, 2001) Minimally Counterintuitive (MCI) hypothesis according to which supernatural concepts tap a cognitively privileged memory-enhancing mechanism linked to violations of default intuitive inferences. Our assessment reveals that the literature on the MCI hypothesis is mired in empirical contradictions and methodological shortcomings which makes it difficult to assess the validity of competing theoretical models, including the MCI hypothesis itself. In light of this fractured picture, we make the case for an account of the MCI effect which dispenses with a memory mechanism specific to supernatural concepts. This account has several desirable properties. First, it preserves Boyer’s pioneering insights regarding the ontological status of supernatural concepts and the cognitive mechanisms that give rise to their cultural prevalence. Second, our account is based on independently-motivated mechanisms that are well-established in the literature. Third, this account offers a principled resolution of the tension in the extant literature between studies that do replicate the MCI effect and those that seemingly fail to do so. Finally, because the proposed mechanisms are not specific to supernatural concepts, the scope of the MCI effect may be extended to account for a broader range of highly transmissible concepts than those it was originally intended to explain. We conclude with a set of theoretical and methodological prescriptions designed to guide future research on the memorability of supernatural concepts.
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(Corresponding Author), Williams Nwagwu. "Thirty-two years of research on information foraging theory: Evolution, key contributions and emerging directions." Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science 29, no. 3 (2024): 117–43. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjlis.vol29no3.6.
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This paper examines the evolution and future directions of Information Foraging Theory (IFT) research over the past 32 years (1992–2023). The findings reveal a sustained interest in IFT, with an average of 14 publications per year, culminating in a total of 449 papers authored by 933 researchers. Key contributors such as Peter Pirolli and Margaret Burnett have significantly shaped the field. Initially rooted in cognitive psychology and human-computer interaction (HCI), IFT has since expanded its influence to domains including information science, organizational behaviour, and machine learning. Core concepts of IFT, such as information scent and information patches, have been empirically validated, reinforcing their importance in understanding user behaviour. Publication trends highlight a peak in research activity around 2012, followed by fluctuations and a recent resurgence. The prominence of conference papers reflects the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of the field. Keyword analysis identifies research clusters focusing on human decision-making, user interfaces, information retrieval, visualization, social networking, and behavioural studies, demonstrating the interdisciplinary application of IFT. Emerging themes such as cognitive load, uncertainty, virtual reality, and big data point to promising new research directions. This overview underscores IFT's significant contributions and ongoing relevance in understanding of human information-seeking behaviour and optimizing systems to meet user needs.
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Łukasz, Tomczyk. "Research Trends in Media Pedagogy: Between the Paradigm of Risk and the Paradigm of Opportunity." International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE) 9, no. 3 (2021): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2021-9-3-399-406.
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The use of computers, internet, and smartphones in the learning and teaching process has become an irreversible fact. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are now one of the fundamental teaching resources and even one of the principal teaching environments. The widespread use of ICT stands in positive correlation to the growing number of studies on educational aspects of the use of new media in schooling. The dynamically growing number of publications in this field requires reflection on the directions of research in the intensely developing sub-discipline of education science, i.e. media pedagogy. The aim of the article is to explore the two dominant directions of research on didactic and upbringing aspects of ICT use in education. The text presents the assumptions and processes assigned to both the opportunity paradigm and the risk paradigm of media pedagogy. These paradigms clash, giving rise to research directed at positive or negative phenomena related to the digitalization of schooling and educational processes. The text is an attempt to draw attention not only to the development of media pedagogy, but also to methodological errors resulting from anchoring research to only one trend.
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Gallini, Joan K. "A Comparison of the Effects of Logo and a CAI Learning Environment on Skills Acquisition." Journal of Educational Computing Research 3, no. 4 (1987): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jrxe-4cag-p150-gq8g.
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The present study investigated the impact of computer-based environments in enhancing a particular set of cognitive outcomes. Of specific focus was a comparison between a Logo and a more traditional CAI context in promoting one's ability to follow directions and construct directions in the process of solving problems. Forty-four fourth-grade students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Subjects engaged in group discussions and hands-on computer activities over a five-week period. In the Logo group subjects essentially tested programming techniques in constructing a variety of structures. The CAI group worked with similar stimuli, but in a “program-directed” format. Results demonstrated higher posttest achievement in the Logo group's ability to formulate directions in different instances. However, the following direction performances were essentially the same for both groups. The study raises important theoretical issues regarding the role of specific types of features of computer-based environments in effecting different types of cognitive as well as affective outcomes. Of particular note are the merits of such research to generate new hypotheses about CBI contexts adapted to meet individual differences in learning.
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Berdibayeva, S. K., B. Sh Ibatulin, A. Kh Kukubaeva, and N. G. Nurseitov. "Direction of research and innovation in modern psychology (from the experience of foreign research)." Proceeding "Bulletin MILF" 58, no. 2 (2024): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56132/2791-3368.2024.2-49-06.
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The article creates a comparative intellectual platform by analyzing research in modern psychology. It is analyzed that analysis of the direction of new foreign modern research is the basis for increasing the intellectual potential of Kazakhstani psychological science. Modern professional research in the new direction of psychological science, research familiar from the results of scientific activity, are examined in detail. It can be noted that almost all the psychological research discussed in the article at congresses and conferences are studies that fully cover the social sphere and the requirements of the time. Foreign research is largely related to effective scientific research in Kazakhstan in the direction of developing the integration of science and knowledge, production in accordance with the requirements of new times. The article presents the foundations of world scientific psychological research, which determine the direction of our research, and analyzes scientific research on the Asian continents and the Pacific Ocean. The authors discuss their research at cognitive behavioral psychology conferences in Singapore, reviewing research from world congresses in Africa, Japan and the prestigious Global Science Technology Forum (GSTF) in Singapore, while witnessing conferences held by that organization. The authors summarize their thoughts that by familiarizing ourselves with many innovation studies, we can increase our own innovation potential.
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Ganino, Giovanni. "Educational audiovisual text design: empirical evidence and new research perspectives." Research on Education and Media 13, no. 2 (2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rem-2021-0010.
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Abstract The article presents a systematic analysis of international literature concerning the design of educational audiovisual texts at university level. The theme appears very important in light of the extensive use of these cognitive artefacts in flipped, blended,Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) teaching processes. This is even more important in the era of health emergency that has led to the use of audiovisual text as the main teaching medium at school and university. The aim of the work is to provide a contribution to research on educational technologies for the purpose of identifying new instructional design principles that support multimedia learning. The analysis highlighted new research directions, such as the significant role of the camera point of view in learning complex manual procedures, new design elements on the ways of representing the teacher and his/her communicative attitude, and the increasingly close relationship between educational sciences and neuroscience. The result may be useful, on the one hand, as a stimulus for an in-depth study of the new lines of research identified, by researchers on educational technologies, and on the other, for a more informed evidence-based use of audiovisual texts in teaching practices.
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Lonie, John M., and Cherie Tsingos-Lucas. "Cognitive and emotional considerations for pharmacists as they deliver care in new models of pharmacy practice: New directions in social pharmacy research." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 12, no. 2 (2016): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.12.002.
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Guseltseva, Marina. "Personality psychology and anthropological discourse: In search of new approaches." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 12, no. 2 (2022): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.203.
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Modern anthropology is a cycle of disciplines that study a person in culture and are devoted to various aspects of human existence. At the same time, in international discourse, anthropolo- gy is most often understood today as sociocultural anthropologies. However, due to historical and political reasons, neither social, nor cultural, nor psychological anthropology appeared in Russia in the 20th century as institutionalized research directions, and the study of variations in personality development in a variety of cultures took place not so much in psychology as it was scattered in the interdisciplinary space of socio-humanitarian sciences. Today, this situation has not only repeatedly reflected disadvantages, but also less obvious advantages. Spontaneous transdisciplinarity is becoming an important resource in the social sciences, in- cluding psychology. Interacting research fields produce mixed methods and methodologies; cognitive focuses are shifting from traditional subjects of study to mobile research projects; from subject-oriented to problem-oriented research. Personality psychology, sociology of changes, anthropology of our time are included in the intellectual movement, comprehending the issues of how to study a person in a transitive society; how to investigate a personality in change; how to comprehend individuality in the transformations of everyday life, identity in the transformations of the global world. At the same time, responding to current challenges by searching for new approaches and methodologies, psychology, sociology and anthropology are collectively participating in the transformation of the model of cognition. It is suggested that in the current cognitive situation, anthropological discourse can serve as a source of re- newal and critical rethinking of psychological concepts, a space of possibilities in the develop- ment of personality psychology. Materials are presented that confirms this assumption.
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Crandall, Riley, and Ernur Karadoğan. "Designing Pedagogically Effective Haptic Systems for Learning: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (2021): 6245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146245.
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Haptic technology enables users to utilize their sense of touch while engaging with a virtual representation of objects in a simulated environment. It is a bidirectional technology in that it facilitates the interaction between the user and these virtual representations by allowing them to apply force onto one another, which is analogous to our real-world interactions with physical objects as action-reaction pairs. The sense of touch is a powerful and innate learning tool that we readily employ starting from very early ages as infants even before learning to walk. Therefore, it is natural that incorporating haptic technology into pedagogical methods has been an active research area as it has significant potential to enrich the learning experience and provide an engaging environment for learners. In this paper, we reviewed studies from various disciplines that incorporate haptics to increase the quality of teaching and learning while emphasizing the underlying cognitive theories. In that direction, we describe two of the most common cognitive theories, the Cognitive Load and Embodied Cognition theories, that developers use to support haptic technology’s implications and use in learning environments. We then explore the effects of haptic design on its current applicability following these two theories. Finally, we summarize the best design practices to develop haptic simulations for learning, address gaps in current research, and propose new research directions.
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Ng, Ted, Kexin Yu, and James Lubben. "Effects of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Health: Latest Perspectives and Future Directions." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.916.
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Abstract Loneliness and social isolation as antecedents of cognitive decline have received substantial attention in recent research. This symposium addresses this year’s conference theme of aging in the “new normal”. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the negative impacts of loneliness and social isolation on older adults’ health and wellbeing. This symposium includes studies that shed light on the relationships between loneliness, social isolation and cognitive health using a multidisciplinary approach, and provide recommendations and future directions for advancing this research area. The first presentation examines cardiovascular biomarkers as potential mechanisms that mediate the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline with the HRS dataset. The second presentation examines several social isolation indicators and their effects on cognitive decline in a Canadian longitudinal study. Using the US ADRC longitudinal study of aging, the third study shows the effect of loneliness on cognitive health in older adults pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The symposium concludes with a literature review of the different measures employed to operationalize the constructs of loneliness, isolation, which resulted in heterogeneous study findings on their influences on the risk of developing dementia. This review calls for consistent measures to produce comparable evidence on the health consequences of loneliness and isolation. In all, this symposium reports and reviews the latest evidence on the association between social isolation, loneliness and cognitive health amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It also echoes the conference theme of transforming disruption to opportunities in aging health service and research.
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Osmolovskaya, I. M., and L. A. Krasnova. "THE LEARNING PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH." Education and science journal 20, no. 8 (2018): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2018-8-9-27.
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Introduction. It is presently well understood that growth in new scientific knowledge often arises at the interface between different disciplines. Thus, the current growth in interdisciplinary research may be seen as a consequence of the logic of scientific development – from the highly specialized study of objects and phenomena to integration in terms of information gained through diverse scientific spheres that enable us to receive new knowledge. This paper presents a description of ongoing research (the beginning of which was covered in the Education and Science Journal1) into the developmental tendencies of key didactic concepts due to an expansion of the experimental field through the inclusion of achievements from related areas of knowledge (psycho-didactics, cognitive didactics, socio-didactics, lingo-didactics, etc).The aim of this research stage was to reveal how the results of interdisciplinary research dynamically influence ideas about the process of educational development.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the authors analysed scientific literature in the field of interdisciplinary research, compared the results of interdisciplinary research and their generalisation, and contrasted the research outcomes with existing ideas about the learning process. Results and scientific novelty. Based on the allocated and formulated features of interdisciplinary research applicable to a field of education, the “enriching model” (integrated psychology, didactics and methodology of teaching mathematics in the 5th-9th grades) developed by E. G. Gelfman and M. A. Kholodnaya) was used as an example. It was established that interdisciplinary research involves not just elements, data and new developments from different scientific spheres, but also uses a conceptual framework, a methodological base and the tools of various scientific branches integrated into the interdisciplinary space. Moreover, interdisciplinary research rediscovers available knowledge and finds new zones for theoretical and practical application. The valuable interaction between didactics and cognitive science was shown. Didactics is informed by qualitatively new scientific bases when designing learning process models through the cognitively-structured knowledge and forms of representation that provide knowledge transfer, knowledge of neural activity that happens in the brain at the moment of cognitive actions, bio-physiological restrictions of cognitive processes, etc. However, despite an initial stage of formation of many scientific directions related to didactics, the authors concluded that these disciplines already have a significant effect on the perceptive process of learning, in terms of its functions and structural components. The learning process is seen as more comprehensive and complete in the context of developmental cognitive structures of knowledge, formation of a linguistic picture of the world and social support for students.Practical significance. In pedagogy, analysing interdisciplinary research identifies promising trends in the development of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical scientific paradigms as well as didactics (science focused on the best teaching methods). Moreover, interdisciplinary research provides the effective design of various learning models in a scientifically rigorous context.
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Mufidah Nur Amalia. "SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: METAPHOR, PROTOTYPE, AND MEANING ANALYSIS IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC STUDIES." Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme 8, no. 1 (2025): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v8i1.18021.
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This study aims to compile a systematic review of the use of metaphors, prototypes, and meaning analysis within the scope of cognitive linguistics through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Cognitive linguistics is a branch of linguistics that examines the relationship between language, thought, and human experience. This field focuses on three key concepts: conceptual metaphor, prototype structure, and the dynamics of meaning analysis. This review involves analyzing relevant literature, including journal articles, books, and research reports, to identify patterns, trends, and gaps in previous studies. The findings indicate that conceptual metaphors play a crucial role in representing human experience, while prototype theory provides insights into conceptual categories and meaning perception. Furthermore, meaning analysis within cognitive linguistics tends to be interdisciplinary, involving cognitive psychology, anthropology, and computer science. This study also highlights that the integration of digital technology in cognitive linguistic analysis presents new opportunities for developing more accurate methods. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive mapping of current literature and offers recommendations for future research directions, particularly in applying cognitive linguistics to understand language and cultural phenomena.
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Miller, Julie. "FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS: INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON NEW DIRECTIONS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0880.
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Abstract Financial exploitation of older adults is a topic that has drawn increased public recognition in recent years. Despite advances in research, services, products, and policies working to prevent financial exploitation of older adults and support victims, interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to strengthen interventions. This symposium will bring together scholars and practitioners to address the issue of financial exploitation from a variety of disciplines, all united in their mission to detect and prevent financial exploitation of older adults and to support victims. The first two presentations in the symposium will highlight conceptual understandings of financial exploitation of older adults, including a revisionary model of financial exploitation of older adults that includes emerging cognitive, cultural, and other contextual factors (Presentation 1) and a study of financial vulnerability and mental health as they are associated with financial exploitation, particularly when perpetrated by trusted others (Presentation 2). The remaining presentations will describe research from cross-sector, cross-industry, interventions. Presentation 3 will describe study findings about a helpline for concerned persons of exploitation victims that dually offers services directed to primary victims of financial exploitation. Presentation 4 will highlight a study of case characteristics associated with a new adult protection law designed to protect older and vulnerable adults experiencing exploitation. Presentation 5 will describe a study of financial professionals’ experiences with, and attitudes toward, financial exploitation of aging clients. Findings from all five presentations will point to next steps for research and intervention across multiple disciplines, including social work, law and policy, healthcare, and financial services.
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Yergeshov, Yerzhan, Gulim Astemes, Assal Savabova, Zhanar Duisenbekova, and Zhanat Bissenbayeva. "METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING." Slavonic Pedagogical Studies Journal 11, no. 2 (2022): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/pg.2022.11.2.13.
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The educational process in higher education is a very complex multicomponent structure. In this study, we will consider only one aspect - the research function of future teachers of historians. It should be noted that the educational process is based on methodological foundations and principles, then the methods and rules of teaching are subject to a certain system. If we consider the formation of the research competence of future teachers as a scientific and pedagogical problem, then first of all, it is necessary to determine the meaning of the word "science". "Science is the search for a system of continuous development of nature and society, as well as objective patterns of thinking as a result of special human activity. Therefore, the basis of science is search, that is, accumulated knowledge," D. Poshaev said. Laws, Basic concepts, and principle (theory), says that there should be an ideal (Poshaev, 2011). The basic, initial state of any theory or doctrine is interpreted as a principle. Researchers in the field of education are actively involved in the educational process. For example, such a study can be called a scientific and pedagogical study. ... Pring's research in education, which is also based on the social sciences, is closely related to education, which distinguishes research focused on knowledge gained through the sciences. That is, there are studies that can be called educational or scientific-pedagogical, pursuing different directions and goals [Kvitkina L.G. The impact of students' research work on improving the quality of specialist training: (Sociological consideration of problems)]. Knowledge of the principles, forms and methods of formation of scientific and cognitive activity is called "methodology". The methodology of pedagogical research is a process of formation of new pedagogical knowledge and cognitive activity aimed at identifying objective patterns of learning, education and development of students.
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VESSEY, JUDITH A. "Children’s Psychological Responses to Hospitalization." Annual Review of Nursing Research 21, no. 1 (2003): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.21.1.173.
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The data-based literature addressing children’s psychological responses to hospitalization was reviewed using methods outlined by Cooper (1989). Using a developmental science perspective, early research was reviewed and a model of variables that contribute to children’s responses was constructed. This model consists of three major foci, including maturational and cognitive variables (developmental level, experience, coping style), ecological variables (family and hospital milieu), and biological variables (inborn factors and pathophysiology). Coping serves as the overarching framework for examining these variables and their contributions to children’s responses to hospitalization. A variety of theoretical perspectives from the social sciences have been used, with psychoanalytic and stress and adaptation theories predominating. The majority of the research used simple case study, descriptive, or pre- and post-test designs. Methodologic issues were common. Little qualitative work has been done. Future research directions call for studies to adopt new theoretical and empirical models that are methodologically rigorous and clinically relevant and that embrace the precepts of developmental science.
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Lonskaya, S. V. "Digital History of Law: Principles of Methodology." Journal of Digital Technologies and Law 2, no. 1 (2024): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/jdtl.2024.2.
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Objective: to theoretically substantiate the basic principles of methodology of a new interdisciplinary area of socio-humanities – the digital history of law; to demonstrate the heuristic potential of digital technologies in legal historical sciences.Methods: the study is based on systemic, formal-logical, and comparative general scientific methods.Results: it is concluded that the methodology of the digital history of law is based, first of all, on the source-centric approach, which considers a source as a macro-object of humanitarian and social sciences, through which information exchange takes place (O.M. Medushevskaya’s concept of cognitive history). Secondly, it is based on the combination of traditional methods of legal history with digital techniques and technologies and methods based on them – within a research program of historical-legal (historical-juridical) source studies. The article attempts to summarize the existing digital technologies and techniques, as well as methods based on them, as applied to legal historical sciences; their heuristic potential is shown in case studies.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal history science, the author substantiates the methodology of the digital history of law as an interdisciplinary field that studies the past of state and law using digital information and communication technologies and tools.Practical significance: under the shifts in socio-humanities (digital, linguistic, visual ones, etc.), which have become relevant in recent years, and the development of the digital type of social communication, methodological approaches to obtaining new knowledge are changing, new interdisciplinary branches of scientific knowledge are emerging, as well as new requirements for the qualification of researchers. The ongoing changes affect legal historical sciences: digital history of law is formed as an interdisciplinary area within digital humanities, at the confluence of history, legal science, and information science. The understanding and application of digital technologies and the scientific cognition methods based on them in legal historical research open up new opportunities for legal historians in determining the directions of their scientific research and obtaining new scientific results. This ultimately expands our understanding of historical and legal facts, phenomena and processes.
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Serova, O. A. "EVOLUTION OF CIVIL LAW RESEARCH: LINKING WITH NEW TECHNOLOGICAL REALITY." METODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE CIVIL LAW RESEARCHES 3, no. 3 (2021): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33397/2619-0559-2021-3-3-76-95.
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Introduction: digitalization has generated qualitative changes in many spheres of public life. The science of civil law cannot stay out of these changes. It is necessary to define new directions of scientific research, including in related fields of knowledge. Cross-sectoral research methods will take a key place in the study of the impact of digital technologies on public relations. Purpose of the research: identification of new thematic (subject) areas for the science of civil law. The relevance of these areas is determined by the high degree of penetration of digital technologies into economic and social processes. Methods: general scientific (dialectical) method, as well as such particular scientific methods of cognition, formal legal, comparative legal, logical. Discussion: a change in the subject areas of research under the influence of a new technological reality occurs in all sciences and fields of activity. Artificial intelligence technologies and robotic technology are being actively studied not only at the level of engineering sciences, mechatronics, etc., but also become an object of study in philosophy, ethics, medicine, linguistics and philology. Outside of this scientific context, research in the field of civil law is impossible. Representatives of other scientific areas determine social risks, threats and opportunities, which later take on specific outlines in the form of legal regulation models. Conclusions: the inclusion of the science of civil law in the subject areas of the new technological reality is dictated by the high social risks of technologization of law. For a long time, civil law managed to maintain a balance between the needs of civil circulation and the protection of the natural rights of citizens. Today, it is also necessary to maintain a balance between the development of digital technologies, reducing regulatory barriers and protecting the rights of citizens, as the least protected category of participants in the digitalization process.
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Bykov, Andrey. "The New Sociology of Morality: Cognitive and Analytical Perspectives." Sociological Journal 30, no. 1 (2024): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.1.2.
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This article presents analysis of the prospects for the development of the new sociology of morality in the context of ongoing efforts to institutionalize this area of research. In order to assess and generally classify the theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted as part of this project so far, as well as to determine the possible and potentially promising directions for its further evolution, the author identifies two complementary perspectives — cognitive and analytical sociology of morality. This distinction is proposed based on opposing views held by the authors of this research tradition concerning the extent to which the sociology of morality should incorporate the models of explanation and methods of studying morality from the (much more popular and influential) field of cognitive psychology. The article contains a brief general overview of several conceptual and empirical works that serve as examples of each of the two identified perspectives, and also explicates the differences between them based on three dimensions — theoretical, methodological, and axiological. In addition, the article discusses the key features and potential problems for the future development of cognitive and analytical perspectives in sociology of morality, while also identifying a few potential ways to overcome them. Thus, this work contributes to the ongoing development of the program to research the new sociology of morality by demonstrating crucial features and pointing out the key problems of the two identified perspectives, as well as revealing their potential in terms of deepening both sociological and interdisciplinary knowledge about the nature of human moral capacity.
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KUVICH, GARY, and LEONID PERLOVSKY. "COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF THE MIND." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 09, no. 03 (2013): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005713400097.
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Successes of information and cognitive science brought a growing understanding that mind is based on intelligent cognitive processes, which are not limited by language and logic only. A nice overview can be found in the excellent work of Jeff Hawkins "On Intelligence." This view is that thought is a set of informational processes in the brain, and such processes have the same rationale as any other systematic informational processes. Their specifics are determined by the ways of how brain stores, structures and process this information. Systematic approach allows representing them in a diagrammatic form that can be formalized and programmed. Semiotic approach allows for the universal representation of such diagrams. In our approach, logic is just a way of synthesis of such structures, which is a small but clearly visible top of the iceberg. However, most of the efforts were traditionally put into logics without paying much attention to the rest of the mechanisms that make the entire thought system working autonomously. Dynamic fuzzy logic is reviewed and its connections with semiotics are established. Dynamic fuzzy logic extends fuzzy logic in the direction of logic-processes, which include processes of fuzzification and defuzzification as parts of logic. This extension of fuzzy logic is inspired by processes in the brain-mind. The paper reviews basic cognitive mechanisms, including instinctual drives, emotional and conceptual mechanisms, perception, cognition, language, a model of interaction between language and cognition upon the new semiotic models. The model of interacting cognition and language is organized in an approximate hierarchy of mental representations from sensory percepts at the "bottom" to objects, contexts, situations, abstract concepts-representations, and to the most general representations at the "top" of mental hierarchy. Knowledge instinct and emotions are driving feedbacks for these representations. Interactions of bottom-up and top-down processes in such hierarchical semiotic representation are essential for modeling cognition. Dynamic fuzzy logic is analyzed as a fundamental mechanism of these processes. In this paper we are trying to formalize cognitive processes of the human mind using approaches above, and provide interfaces that could allow for their practical realization in software and hardware. Future research directions are discussed.
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Krushanov, Alexander A. "What Does It Mean Philosophy of the Collective Science?" Voprosy Filosofii, no. 12 (2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-12-115-123.
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One of the most important tasks which the philosophy of science faces today is the comprehension and methodological regulation of new forms of collective scientific work that are emerging today. The solution to this problem presupposes, in turn, a rethinking of traditional epistemological ideas about cognitive activity, and above all, the idea of its subject. The interpretation of the cognition subject as a cognitive robinson needs to be rethought. For this purpose, the author believes, the philosophy of science should turn to the analysis of the peculiar population effects arising in modern scientific communities. Moreover, in the author's opinion, for a more effective implementation of this analysis, it should be extracted into a special section of the philosophy of science – the philosophy of collective science – which focuses on features of scientific research within the framework of collaboration – cooperation, rather than on the individual creative activity of scientists. Today the research in this direction develops intensively. Both foreign (among whom I would like to note the works of P. Galison) and domestic researchers (I. Kasavin, V. Pronskikh, B. Pruzhinin) are working in this direction today. To the population effects requiring a special philosophical and methodological analysis the author refers: difficulties in developing a professional language of science for the scientific community which performs collective research; the existence of the phenomenon of fashionable scientific direction that deforms cognition; phenomena associated with the exchange of information using scientific messages. The article also touches on the issue of analyzing the structure of the collective subject of cognition. Research teams as subsystems of a collective subject are divided into: structural research teams and informal research teams. All these phenomena reveal themselves in many areas of modern science. But they are especially vividly observed within the framework of the so-called Big Science (megascience). The article also attempts to show that three different types of “collectivity” of scientific activity can be distinguished in collective science.
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Harbourne, Regina T., and Nicholas Stergiou. "Movement Variability and the Use of Nonlinear Tools: Principles to Guide Physical Therapist Practice." Physical Therapy 89, no. 3 (2009): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080130.
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Fields studying movement generation, including robotics, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience, utilize concepts and tools related to the pervasiveness of variability in biological systems. The concepts of variability and complexity and the nonlinear tools used to measure these concepts open new vistas for physical therapist practice and research in movement dysfunction of all types. Because mounting evidence supports the necessity of variability for health and functional movement, this perspective article argues for changes in the way therapists view variability, both in theory and in action. By providing clinical examples, as well as applying existing knowledge about complex systems, the aim of this article is to create a springboard for new directions in physical therapist research and practice.
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Evans, Nicholas, and Stephen C. Levinson. "The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (2009): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0999094x.
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AbstractTalk of linguistic universals has given cognitive scientists the impression that languages are all built to a common pattern. In fact, there are vanishingly few universals of language in the direct sense that all languages exhibit them. Instead, diversity can be found at almost every level of linguistic organization. This fundamentally changes the object of enquiry from a cognitive science perspective. This target article summarizes decades of cross-linguistic work by typologists and descriptive linguists, showing just how few and unprofound the universal characteristics of language are, once we honestly confront the diversity offered to us by the world's 6,000 to 8,000 languages. After surveying the various uses of “universal,” we illustrate the ways languages vary radically in sound, meaning, and syntactic organization, and then we examine in more detail the core grammatical machinery of recursion, constituency, and grammatical relations. Although there are significant recurrent patterns in organization, these are better explained as stable engineering solutions satisfying multiple design constraints, reflecting both cultural-historical factors and the constraints of human cognition.Linguistic diversity then becomes the crucial datum for cognitive science: we are the only species with a communication system that is fundamentally variable at all levels. Recognizing the true extent of structural diversity in human language opens up exciting new research directions for cognitive scientists, offering thousands of different natural experiments given by different languages, with new opportunities for dialogue with biological paradigms concerned with change and diversity, and confronting us with the extraordinary plasticity of the highest human skills.
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Papadopoulos, Timothy C. "New Directions in the Study of Neurodevelopmental Disorders." international Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities 6, no. 1 (2023): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28987/6.1.3.
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The Conference at the University of Oviedo, Spain, within the 44th Annual Meeting of the International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities, was an excellent opportunity to share knowledge, explore perspectives and reflect on the study of neurodevelopmental disorders in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The William M. Cruickshank Memorial Keynote Address, New Directions in the Study of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, covered a broad range of topics relevant to cognition, intelligence, and achievement. It also provided the opportunity to present parts of our current work pertinent to the study of neurodevelopmental dysfunctions and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA) ITN Neo-PRISM-C project. The presentation began by focusing on what we study and how and why we study what we study about neurodevelopmental disorders. This was followed by a discussion about the brain and (learning) behaviour, accompanied by some relevant evidence on the neurological basis for reading difficulties, particularly the phonological and visual deficits pathways in the framework of the magnocellular deficit theory. The session concluded with a discussion of the comorbidity of various disorders and the use of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework as an alternative to the traditional diagnostic categories for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. Examples of how neuroscience research can contribute to this endeavour were also provided.
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Vasiliu, O. "Current Challenges and Future Directions of Research in Cell Phone Addiction." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S295—S296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.616.
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IntroductionBehavioral addictions (BAs) are intensely explored during the last decades due to their impact on the quality of life, functionality, socio-economical negative consequences, and high risk of mental health negative consequences. BAs are new challenges for clinicians and researchers due to a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria, very few available epidemiological data, and scarce information about efficient therapeutic interventions. Cell phone addiction (CPA) has been raising a significant interest for mental health specialists because of its increasing prevalence and potential long-term physical and mental complications. Therefore, an analysis of the available data about the main characteristics of this pathology seems granted.ObjectivesThe main objective of this review was represented by the need to find relevant reports about the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic interventions in CPA.MethodsA narrative review focused on the available treatments for food addiction was performed through a search in four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science/Clarivate) using the paradigm “cell phone addiction” or “smartphone dependence” and “treatment” or “epidemiology” or “diagnostic criteria” or “risk factors.” No inferior time limit for published papers was established, and the superior limit was July 2023.ResultsA relatively large number of papers regarding this topic were found (n=772), but after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 29 articles remained. Female gender and adolescents, but also high anxiety levels, insomnia, excessive Internet use, less physical activity, and a higher level of dependence have been correlated with CPA. Six validated scales have been identified as possible instruments for monitoring the CPA evolution. Different diagnostic criteria have been suggested, but they still lack clinical validation. Cognitive-behavioral therapy could be helpful, and smartphone applications that limit online time could also be efficient. Treatment of previously mentioned vulnerability factors is also recommended to obtain long-term favorable effects.ConclusionsCPA is an increasingly explored BA, but validated diagnostic criteria are still missing. The treatment is also based on extrapolations from other addictions. Therefore large sample-based therapy trials are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Mamalova, Khouzy, Mair Makhaev, and Birlant Zakrailova. "Cognitive Theory of Psychological Types in Solving Problems of Intercultural Communication." SHS Web of Conferences 172 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317203007.
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The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the cognitive concept of psychological types, which makes a significant contribution to solving the problems of intercultural communication. Scientists from Moscow International University and the Laboratory of Cognitive Research of Consciousness named after Said Makhdikhon Sattorov (Laboratory of Cognitive Research of Consciousness Said Makhdikhon names) under the guidance of Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS) Maira Makhaev have developed a cognitive theory of psychological types, which allows analyzing intercultural communications with positions of psychotypology. The cognitive concept is based on the main provisions of Carl Jung’s concept of psychological types (Jungian Psychological Types Theory). In this concept, a new terminology is proposed to designate mental functions (S, I, E, L), classes of mental functions (class of constructive functions and class of receptive functions), directions of work of functions (exoversion and endoversion instead of extraversion and introversion) and 16 psychological types. The psychological type is described as a cognitive system for receiving, transforming, storing and transmitting information.
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Reid, Vincent M., and Kirsty Dunn. "The Fetal Origins of Human Psychological Development." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 2 (2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420984419.
Full textAbstract:
The human fetus holds the key to unlocking the initial origins and predispositions of all aspects of human psychological development. Despite this, difficulties related to experimentally manipulating the behavior of the fetus to assess capacities have sidelined the fetus within the developmental sciences. Instead, the focus has been on the human infant. With new developments in the fields of obstetrics, medical physics, and psychology, the methodological constraints surrounding research on the human fetus are now reduced. We highlight new approaches and indicate possible new directions in the understanding of the cognitive and perceptual capacities of the human fetus.