Relevant bibliographies by topics / New French Extremity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'New French Extremity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "New French Extremity"

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Resmini, Mauro. "Reframing the New French Extremity: Cinema, Theory, Mediation." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 30, no. 3 90 (2015): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3160685.

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Stańczyk, Marta. "Liberté, égalité, sororité. Kobiece gatunki cielesne i francuskie „ekstremistki”." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 24 (April 18, 2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.24.8.

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Liberté, Égalité, Sororité: Female body genres and the women of the New French ExtremityIn the essay Film Bodies: Gender, Genre, and Excess, Linda Williams coins the concept of body genres. These genres include melodrama, horror and porn, which are linked through their impact on the spectator’s body and intensifying viewing experiences. According to Williams, these three film genres emphasize the notion of spectacle, but they place the female body in its centre. The female body is moving and is being moved, which causes its vulnerability to the hegemony of the male gaze. But we can conduct research from a feminist perspective and find films that simultaneously tell about a visceral excess and develop an intellectual transgression through the body. The best example of this tendency is the New French Extremity, precisely the female directors such as Catherine Breillat, Mariny de Van or Virginie Despentes. They maximize the somatic spectacle in their films, which annihilates the pleasure that the male spectator derives from the fetishized female body.
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Varmazi, Eleni, Şirin Fulya Erensoy, and G. Eda Özgül Tahan. "Reflecting anxieties during the first twenty years of the twenty-first century: Three European cinematic waves." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 17, no. 1 (2021): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00037_1.

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The article lays out the only three European cinematic waves that emerged in the first twenty years of the twenty-first century and examines them in relation to their sociopolitical context. The way in which these particular contexts have influenced the production of the films, the thematic and aesthetic explorations of the filmmakers and their presence within the wider cinematic spectrum is detailed in the analysis. The New French Extremity, the Romanian New Wave and the Greek Weird Wave are thus considered as significant manifestations of anxieties and concerns relating to the particular historical moment in each respective country.
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HAINGE, GREG. "“Un film français et fier de l’être”: Gaspar Noé’s Climax in Context." Australian Journal of French Studies 58, no. 1 (2021): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.09.

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Reading Gaspar Noé’s 2018 film Climax against the grain of the majority of critical reactions and the director’s own pronouncements, this article argues that this is a deeply political film. In line with West’s analysis of the films of the New French Extremity as works that are not (as suggested by Quandt) passive but a committed and politically engaged form of cinema, this article suggests that Climax can be read as an allegory of France’s current Realpolitik. Noé’s vision of this reality is revealed to be particularly bleak, for in line with the metaphysical stance of his other films, his is a universe ruled by entropic forces. The ramifications for Climax’s commentary on contemporary France are devastating, for the ideals of the Republic are shown to be no longer operational or capable of bringing people together, nor are they replaceable by any other form of identity politics.
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González-Álvarez, Paula. "Dentro y fuera del umbral: la mujer como simulacro en el Nuevo Extremismo Francés." Desigualdades de género en la comunicación y cultura digitales, no. 16 (October 26, 2021): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24137/raeic.8.16.6.

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La figura de la mujer se ha representado históricamente como signo, como simulacro cultural dentro del orden patriarcal, ocupando un espacio significativo sin tener realidad. Dentro del ámbito de las representaciones audiovisuales, las mujeres se configuran a través de una mirada masculina, que también se articula desde la posición de las espectadoras. Esto se amplifica cuando se tratan historias que, de una manera o otra, trabajan con temas que giran en torno a la sexualidad gráfica, objeto de controversia a lo largo de la historia del cine y del desarrollo de las teorías fílmicas feministas. Este artículo analiza los personajes femeninos protagonistas de dos filmes dentro del movimiento cinematográfico denominado Nuevo Extremismo Francés, Irreversible (Noé, 2002) y Baise-moi (Despentes y Trinh Thi, 2000), atendiendo a las diferencias que se dan en el tratamiento de la violencia sexual dependiendo de la mirada del individuo que las representa, conforme se encuentre dentro o fuera del umbral, entendido este como punto desde el cual se observa la realidad.
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Abu Hishmeh, M., P. Srivastava, Q. Lougheide, M. Srinivasan, and S. Murthy. "Massive Spontaneous Hemothorax as a Complication of Apixaban Treatment." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8735036.

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Introduction. Hemothorax is usually related to chest or iatrogenic trauma from procedures such as central lines and thoracentesis. Spontaneous hemothorax is defined as pleural fluid hematocrit greater than 50% of serum hematocrit in absence of natural or iatrogenic trauma affecting the lung or pleural space. Coagulopathy secondary to anticoagulant use has been associated with spontaneous hemothorax. We present a case of spontaneous hemothorax in a patient taking apixaban for venous thromboembolism disease. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of apixaban as a cause of spontaneous hemothorax. Case Presentation. A 56-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was diagnosed with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) one month prior to presentation and was started on apixaban presented with dyspnea and left-sided pleuritic chest pain for two weeks. She was found to have left-sided large pleural effusion which was diagnosed as hemothorax. Other etiologies for spontaneous hemothorax were excluded and drainage by 12-French pigtail catheter achieved total resolution of hemothorax in three days. Discussion. Apixaban is a DOAC used to prevent stroke or thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolic disease. Events such as gastrointestinal, intracranial, and soft tissue bleeding have been well-documented. However, bleeding manifestation as hemothorax is seldom reported. Our patient presented with isolated left-sided large pleural effusion which was diagnosed as spontaneous hemothorax. 12-Fr pigtail catheter drainage was effective in the management of our patient and provided total resolution in three days. Conclusion. Spontaneous hemothorax is a rare complication of anticoagulant therapy and might not exhibit the usual radiological signs of traumatic hemothorax. Health care providers should have high index of suspicion for spontaneous hemothorax when evaluating new pleural effusion in patients receiving DOACs therapy. Drainage by small bore pigtail catheter might be as effective as larger chest tubes.
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Houtum, Henk Van, and Rodrigo Bueno Lacy. "The political extreme as the new normal: the cases of Brexit, the French state of emergency and Dutch Islamophobia." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 195, no. 1 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.64568.

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In this article we carry out a geopolitical analysis of the turbulent breeze driving the EU into uncharted extremes. To do this we zoom in on three cases that we deem both a response to political extremism and a source of political extremism in themselves: France’s state of emergency, Brexit and the pyrrhic victory over the far-right in the Dutch elections of 2017 . Our analysis suggests that even though the political forces behind these events have praised their policies or electoral victories as bulwarks to keep extremism in check, the sort of extremism that they try to keep at bay is not as worrying as the counter-productive realpolitik of the traditional establishment they represent. By surreptitiously adopting precisely the kind of extremist political preferences that they claim to set themselves against, these politics show how the establishment in the EU is normalising the extreme geopolitics of exclusion that are structurally undermining the very principles of rule of law, liberal democracy and overall openness on which the EU is based. The result: what used to be easily dismissed as irrational or evil has become the everyday normal. The extremism we so much fear has become the new normality.
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Baker, Paul, and Rachelle Vessey. "A corpus-driven comparison of English and French Islamist extremist texts." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 3 (2018): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17108.bak.

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Abstract Using corpus linguistics and qualitative, manual discourse analysis, this paper compares English and French extremist texts to determine how messages in different languages draw upon similar and distinct discursive themes and linguistic strategies. Findings show that both corpora focus on religion and rewards (i.e. for faith) and strongly rely on othering strategies. However, the English texts are concerned with world events whereas the French texts focus on issues specific to France. Also, while the English texts use Arabic code-switching as a form of legitimation, the French texts use a formal register and quotation from scripture in discussions of permissions, rights, obligations and laws. Finally, the English texts refer to and justify violence to a greater extent than the French texts. This paper contributes to the field of terrorism studies and the field of corpus linguistics by presenting a new approach to corpus-driven studies of discourse across more than one language.
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STANOVAÏA, LYDIA ANATOLIEVNA. "CLARIFICATION ON THE TERM “FRANCIAN”." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2020): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_210_212.

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The extremely critical attitude to the traditional history of the French language and the understanding of the Franciеn dialect as the dialect basis for the formation of the French National Language led to the emerging of some factual errors that could not be doubted due to the authority of foreign scientists who introduced this information into scientific use. The study of the authorship of the term ‘francien’ showed that it was not G. Paris who invented and introduced this new term into romanistics. The analysis showed that the new term arose as a result of P. Monet's translation from German to French and first appeared not in 1889, but in 1891.
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Zacharow, Sebastian. "Retoryka mediów wobec zagadnienia Deportacji Akadian na przykładzie wybranych artykułów z "La Presse i Le Journal de Montréal"." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XXIII (2021): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.6669.

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The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, based on the example of two Canadian journals, how memory remains alive after the events of 1755, when the deportation of the Acadians took place. In spite of the 250 years which have passed since the event, the French-language press in Canada remains extremely sensitive to the topic of the expulsion of the French from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia by the British, and it frequently expresses its attachment to the memory of the Acadians.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New French Extremity"

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Giera-Pander, Aleksandra. "Transgresje tabu w New French Extremity." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/5738.

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Pracę chciałabym podzielić na dwie części. Pierwszej nadać charakter terminologiczny i systematyczny. Istotną kwestią będzie w niej zebranie informacji na temat definicji transgresji, rozumienia i ewolucji jej znaczenia. Postaram się przybliżyć stanowiska badaczy, kształtujące się na przestrzeni lat. Chciałam przedstawić różne podejścia naukowców, autorów i badaczy, ich interpretacje i ocenę koncepcji transgresji, a przy tym wyłonić rys historyczny. W części teoretycznej chciałam zawrzeć również najważniejsze koncepcje dotyczące zagadnień transgresyjnych, które pojawiły się także (oprócz akademickiego) na gruncie literackim. W mojej pracy równie istotnym zadaniem będzie charakterystyka i opis zjawiska New French Extremity. Chciałabym zebrać i skatalogować informacje o przebiegu działalności reżyserów związanych z New French Extremity. Przedstawić sylwetki twórców i ich specyficzną, autorską wizję kina i drogę do „filmowej ekstremy”, którą rozumieją bardzo indywidualnie. Udowodnić, że marginalizowana tendencja w kinie francuskim przyczyniła się do rozprzestrzenienia i pokazywania (kopiowania?) zjawiska w kinie europejskim, a nawet światowym. W drugiej części, analitycznej chciałbym poprzez subiektywny wybór filmów przedstawić jak wygląda kwestia podejścia do (antropologicznego) tabu, jego odważnego przekraczania (tożsamego z transgresją) zmian jakie nastąpiły w wyniku postępu cywilizacji. Równocześnie żeby móc „przekraczać” należy określić granice, normy, ramy, systemy społeczne – te chciałabym spróbować wyłonić z antropologii, historii kultury i cywilizacji oraz europejskiej tradycji. W części analitycznej chciałabym poruszyć również te najbardziej nurtujące i kontrowersyjne kwestie, najczęściej odsłanianie przez francuskich reżyserów, a zarazem będące wyznacznikiem Nowej Francuskiej Ekstremy – seksualność, przemoc, przemoc seksualna, odmieńców, śmierć, relacje kazirodcze, kanibalizm. Skonfrontować je z wybranymi obrazami, formą prezentacji i interpretacją sugerowaną przez samych twórców, przedstawicieli New French Extremity. Oprócz charakteru akademickiego chciałabym, by moja praca była refleksją na temat zmian mentalności człowieka, pytaniem o etykę ludzką, o granice kultury, o proces dehumanizacji, wyzbycia się ograniczeń moralnych oraz o kierunek, którym podąża człowiek, a w ślad za nim kino.
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Butler, Christopher. "Spectatorial Shock and Carnal Consumption: (Re)envisaging Historical Trauma in New French Extremity." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4648.

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New French Extremity films are violent, transgressive, and break many social taboos in their narratives. However, this genre's directors are intelligent and construct these films with clues to France's past and how it still has implications in the present. This thesis was written to point out how New French Extremity films offer spectators the potential to reincorporate traumatic moments in French history by juxtaposing them against present day social, political, and economic ideologies. The purpose for this course of study was to investigate historical encounters that are present in New French Extremity filmmaking, something that has yet to be addressed by other scholars in any great detail. The general approach taken was to use Walter Benjamin's theory of allegory to secure connections between the past and present and illustrate how they could be interpreted by the film's spectators. The outcome of this research indicates how a spectator can potentially change his or her relationship with history and work towards reassessing his or her relationship with the present under certain social, political, or economic structures.
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Gamarra, Reyes Kiandra. "Cine y realidad en Gaspar Noé." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655755.

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Gaspar Noé, a French-Argentine director, is known for the controversial themes and scenes in his filmography, where violence is the first thing that stands out. However, other elements can be identified that have equal relevance in the structure of his films. The human body is one of them. Noé presents the pleasure and suffering of his characters closely so that the viewer perceives them first-hand. He seeks to shock the viewer with scenes that are difficult to see and hear. The director exhibits things in a transgressive way to show the malaise that exists within France. This thesis offers a study on the construction of reality in cinema, the representation of French society, the New French Extremism and the social, political and economic context of France, which will allow a better understanding of its environment, the audiovisual language that uses and the references that have influenced his style. Likewise, these points will serve as the basis for analyzing the director's filmography. The analysis carried out shows that Gaspar Noé, from the beginning, exhibits a pessimistic reality that is reinforcing it over the years by showing a society that is crumbling, unhappy people whose actions are irreversible and the inevitability of destiny. This study enriches realism in film, incorporating the unconventional reality of Gaspar Noé.<br>Gaspar Noé, director franco-argentino, es conocido por los temas y escenas controversiales de su filmografía, donde la violencia es lo primero que destaca. No obstante, se puede identificar otros elementos que tienen igual relevancia en la estructura de sus películas. El cuerpo humano es uno de ellos. Noé presenta de cerca el placer y el sufrimiento de sus personajes para que el espectador los perciba en carne propia. Busca conmocionar al espectador con escenas difíciles de ver y escuchar. El director exhibe las cosas de una manera transgresora para mostrar el malestar que existe dentro de Francia. La presente tesis ofrece un estudio sobre la construcción de la realidad en el cine, la representación de la sociedad francesa, el Nuevo Extremismo Francés y el contexto social, político y económico de Francia, los cuales permitirán conocer mejor su entorno, el lenguaje audiovisual que utiliza y los referentes que han influido en su estilo. Asimismo, estos puntos servirán de base para analizar la filmografía del director. El análisis realizado evidencia que Gaspar Noé, desde sus inicios, exhibe una realidad pesimista que va reforzándola con los años al mostrar una sociedad que se desmorona, personas infelices cuyas acciones son irreversibles y la inevitabilidad del destino. Este estudio enriquece el realismo en el cine, incorporando la realidad poco convencional de Gaspar Noé.<br>Tesis
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Books on the topic "New French Extremity"

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter: With an introduction and contemporary criticism. Edited by Pearce Joseph 1961- and Reichardt Mary R. Ignatius Press, 2009.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter. Penguin Books, 2009.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Edited by Brian Harding. Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Hong zi. Zhi wen chu ban she, 1994.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: Complete Text with Introduction, Historical Contexts, Critical Essays. Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Hong zi: The scarlet letter. Xi dai shu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 1999.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter. Oneworld Classics, 2008.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter. ICON Classics, 2005.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet letter. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "New French Extremity"

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Nayman, Adam, and Andrew Tracy. "Arthouse/Grindhouse: Claire Denis and the ‘New French Extremity’." In The Films of Claire Denis: Intimacy on the Border. I.B.Tauris, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755698721.ch-015.

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Mcgillvray, Maddi. "10. The Feminist Art Horror of the New French Extremity." In Women Make Horror. Rutgers University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9781978805156-010.

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Hobbs, Simon. "Contemporary Extremity on DVD: Trends, Hard-core and Geographic Mobility." In Cultivating Extreme Art Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427371.003.0006.

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This chapter continues the selective history of extreme art cinema instigated in Chapter 3. Focusing predominantly on the releases of Artificial Eye and Tartan Video, the chapter details the re-emergence of extremity in France during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and looks at the paratextual treatment of Gaspar Noé, Catherine Breillat, and Claire Denis. Thereafter, the chapter expands its geographic lens, and examines extreme art production across Europe, with analysis of The Idiots, Man Bites Dog, Tesis, A Hole in my Heart and Dogtooth. The separation of New French Extremity from other forms of European extremity allows the French films’ impact to be appropriately measured. In essence, the chapter argues that the success of the New French Extremity changed paratextual representations of extremism, making them more popular, common and commercially viable. Thereafter, the chapter considers extreme horror narratives such as Martyrs, Frontier[s], and Switchblade Romance, outlining the way they influence and become influenced by paratextual images of extreme art cinema. By adopting this structure, the chapter again exposes the importance of both highbrow and lowbrow taste within the conceptualisation of extreme art cinema.
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McGillvray, Maddi. "‘It’s So Easy to Create a Victim’: Subverting Gender Stereotypes in the New French Extremity." In Gender and Contemporary Horror in Film. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-897-020191002.

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"Monstrous Embodiments of Post-Modern Capitalism and Corporatism in the Cinema of the ‘New French Extremity’." In Monstrous Reflection. BRILL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781848884076_005.

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Quandt, James. "Chapter 2 Flesh and Blood: Sex and Violence in Recent French Cinema." In The New Extremism in Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780748647095-003.

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Quandt, James. "Flesh and Blood: Sex and Violence in Recent French Cinema1." In The New Extremism in CinemaFrom France to Europe. Edinburgh University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641604.003.0002.

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Smith, Craig Bruce. "The Old World Meets the New." In American Honor. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638836.003.0002.

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This chapter stretches from the early eighteenth century to the end of the French and Indian War. With a focus on how European ideals permeated early American society, Chapter 1 traces Washington and Franklin’s individual definitions of honor and virtue and how they changed over time. It discusses how their mindsets were largely the result of self-education and personal experience, allowing for a comparison between the northern and southern colonies. It also illustrates the extremely early emergence of an American concept of honor, highlighted by Franklin’s 1723 original concept of merit-based “ascending honor”. The chapter shows Americans as first moving closer to Europe ideologically, before a transformation in ethical ideals saw a greater divergence from the mother country. It also frames the Revolution as being sparked by these preexisting ethical changes.
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Devellennes, Charles. "A Renewal of the Social Contract." In The Gilets Jaunes and the New Social Contract. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212204.003.0007.

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This chapter provides a reflection on the new social contract, taking Diderot as dialectician of change, and offer ways to think about the future of the tradition. It shows that such a model is possible. A new social contract will take into account the need for liberty, democracy and economic justice. Most working class people have finished high school and been awarded a Baccalauréat, and many are home-owners of one of the millions of bungalows built throughout peripheral France. Yet their ability to secure economic independence, a promise of the Enlightenment, has not materialized. Many are worse off than their parents, and those without family assistance are extremely exposed to the ebb and flow of macro-economic trends such as global slowdown and recession. A social contract of the future has to address these needs that were posited as the sine qua non condition for social advancement more than two centuries ago. The revolt of the gilets jaunes against rent-seeking economic actors, such as landlords, motorway management companies, insurance and mortgage companies, and utilities, is testament to the economic plight that needs redressing. Although the gilets jaunes have failed to organize themselves politically in the traditional sense, they have provided one of the strongest political challenges to the very existence of the French state as it currently stands. It is this new form of politics, which does not go through political parties but demands social and economic justice directly, that is at the centre of the new social contract they demand.
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Sherratt, Thomas N., and David M. Wilkinson. "Is Nature Chaotic?" In Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199548606.003.0010.

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Centuries before King Harold of England famously received an arrow in the eye (AD 1066), Chinese officials in the T’ang dynasty (AD 618–907) began collecting annual reports on the abundance of migratory locusts. The primary aim of this initiative was to make sense of the changes over time (the dynamics) of this devastating agricultural pest, and thereby predict the timing and intensity of outbreaks. Now, despite a staggering 1,300 years of faithful recording, few patterns are evident and the data look decidedly messy. Irregular climatic fluctuations, particularly those involved in the drying up of grasslands on river deltas, may explain some of the variability. However, one might wonder whether some of this ‘messiness’ was internally driven, caused by some sort of ‘feedback’ arising within the dynamics themselves. Many long-term data sets on population dynamics have these extremely messy qualities, ranging from the daily number of damselfish reaching maturity on the Great Barrier Reef to the number of feral sheep on Scottish Islands, and it is important to know where it all comes from. The study of ‘chaos’ (easiest to define negatively as an absence of order, but we will get to a more formal definition later) has its roots in precisely the type of feedback processes referred to above, reflecting what mathematicians call ‘non-linearities’ (relationships that are not straight lines). Several mathematicians, most notably, the eminent French mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), had long noted that non-linear systems could generate some extremely unusual dynamics, such that the precise trajectory a system took was highly sensitive to the initial conditions. However, observations such as these were largely overlooked by ecologists until a new generation of researchers, notably Robert May (a physicist turned ecologist, now Lord May of Oxford), began toying with their own simple ecological models and appreciating that the behaviour of these models was not always simple. Until ecologists were made aware of the potential effects of non-linearities in the 1970s, the prevailing view was that complex dynamics must have complex causes.
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Conference papers on the topic "New French Extremity"

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Gros, Jean-Pierre. "Lessons Learned From the Operation of Large-Scale Reprocessing-Recycling Facilities in France: What Is in It for China?" In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-68004.

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AREVA has been running since decades nuclear reprocessing and recycling installations in France. Several industrial facilities have been built and used to this aim across the time. Following those decades and with the more and more precise monitoring of the impact of those installations, precise data and lessons-learned have been collected that can be used for the stakeholders of potential new facilities. China has expressed strong interest in building such facilities. As a matter of fact, the issue of accumulation of spent fuel is becoming serious in China and jeopardizes the operation of several nuclear power plants, through the running out of space of storage pools. Tomorrow, with the extremely high pace of nuclear development of China, accumulation of spent fuel will be unbearable. Building reprocessing and recycling installations takes time. A decision has to be taken so as to enable the responsible development of nuclear in China. Without a solution for the back end of its nuclear fuel cycle, the development of nuclear energy will face a wall. This is what the Chinese central government, through the action of its industrial CNNC, has well understood. Several years of negotiations have been held with AREVA. Everybody in the sector seems now convinced. However, now that the negotiation is coming to an end, an effort should be done towards all the stakeholders, sharing actual information from France’s reference facilities on: safety, security, mitigation measures for health protection (of the workers, of the public), mitigation measures for the protection of the environment. Most of this information is public, as France has since years promulgated a law on Nuclear transparency. China is also in need for more transparency, yet lacks means to access this public information, often in French language, so let’s open our books!
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Banchet, Julien, David Tisseur, and Pierre Guillermier. "X-Ray Radiography: An Alternative Method for Determining HTR Fuel Particle Coating Layer Thickness and Density." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58091.

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Abstract:
The HTR TRISO particle consists of a fissile kernel and surrounding layers, whose density and thickness are among the key fuel parameters. Destructive methods i.e. the sink float method and image analysis of ceramography, were developed in the past and are still used to evaluate these particle parameters. Although exhibiting great accuracy, these methods generate effluents and wastes, and are extremely cost/time consuming. In the framework of the AREVA NP HTR R&amp;D program, the development of nondestructive evaluation methods as alternatives to destructive methods is carried out and aims at a new HTR Fuel QC strategy. In this scope, an innovative method was developed to automatically measure particle layer density and thickness from X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI). First tested at the European Synchroton Radiation Facility (ESRF), this method was then applied to a custom built industrial demonstrator. Comparisons between the density and thickness values obtained by the developed method and their corresponding values obtained with destructive methods justify progressing to the validation phase. Particle samples were selected among the particle batches that were characterized by destructive methods. Layer density and thickness were determined by the X-Ray based technique on the industrial demonstrator as well as at the ESRF. Correlation levels obtained from this benchmark demonstrated that both parameters can be confidently measured by the developed method. Additionally, it is important to stress that this technique provides the opportunity to directly determine buffer density on finite particles as opposed to the sink float method. Thanks to its accuracy, its rapidity and its absence of waste generation, it is planned to implement the X-Ray thickness and density measurement method on the French lab scale fuel line. It was also decided to enter the characterization work package of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project 6 in order to benchmark the AREVA NP method with foreign techniques and materials.
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