Dissertations / Theses: 'New institutionalism theory'

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Sondered, Natasja. "New-Institutionalism and how EMS is translated from the highest organisational levels down to its local implementations." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56989.

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This thesis is mainly directed towards readers with a basic background in Environmental or Quality Management Systems. More increasingly organisations and companies decide to work with Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and the ISO standard has ever been increasing in popularity. The advantages of the ISO standard are the flexibility it offers, the adaptability to a variety of organisations and processes.

Most literature on EMS focuses on communication but very few address the issues regarding implementation and translation of the EMS into something functional for the core activities of an organisation.

In this qualitative study the author focuses on studying the differences between organisational levels regarding working with and implementing EMS at their various levels. The theoretical frame for the study is that of new-institutionalism. Within this frame is gathered empirical data from interviews with representatives of eight larger companies or organisations, all with multiple organisational levels. Combined these interviews form a solid foundation for the study if intra- and interorganisational EMS-implementations.

The conclusion of this research indicates the participating companies translated and implemented the EMS by standardising already existing routines and methods into complementing the EMS. A side-effect of this study which lies outside the actual aim of this thesis is that companies which have built up their EMS starting at ground-level have a better implementation and communication of such EMS.

Det här arbetet fokuserar på läsare med en bakgrund inom miljö- och kvalitetsledningssystem.Allt fler företag bestämmer sig att arbeta med miljöledningssystem (MLS) och detta har lett till att ISO standarden ökat i popularitet, främst på grund av standardens flexibilitet vilket ses i hur enkelt standarden är att anpassa till olika företag och processer. Majoriteten av MLS-litteratur har en fokus på kommunikation men väldigt få handböcker och författare tar upp frågor i samband med den praktiska implementering och översättning av MLS när det gäller anpassa MLS till något fungerande för organisationens kärnverksamhet.

Den här kvalitativa studien fokuserar på att analysera de skillnader som finns mellan organisatoriska nivåer när det gäller deras arbete med och implementering av MLS. Studien utfördes inom den teoretiska ram av Nyinstitutionalismen och inom dessa gränser samlades empirin från åtta större företag med olika organisatoriska nivåer. Kombinationen av dessa intervjuer skapar basen för analysen av inter- och intraorganisatoriska MLS-implementeringar. Slutsatsen av den här studien visar att de organisationer som deltog översatte och implementerade deras MLS genom att anpassa pre-existerande rutinerna till att möta standardens krav. En sidoeffekt av den här studien som fanns utanför studiens ursprungliga ram är att organisationer som byggde sitt MLS från grundnivå och uppåt visade sig ha en bättre kommunikation och implementering av deras MLS.

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Jung, Chang Sung. "Agencification and quangocratisation of cultural organisations in the U.K. and South Korea : theory and policy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15930.

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This research focuses on agencification and quangocratisation (AQ) through a comparison of the experiences of South Korea and the UK. Although a number of studies of AQ have been produced recently, these reforms remain inadequately understood. Since AQ involves the structural disaggregation of administrative units from existing departments, executive agencies and quangos have distinct characteristics which are quite different from ordinary core departments. There are a number of factors which influence these changes; and this thesis explores nine existing theories which are available to explain these phenomena. Case studies are presented of Tate Modern in the UK and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MMCA), which are carefully analysed to examine the validity of those nine arguments. Although cultural agencies, which show some unique features, have become increasingly an essential part of the national economy, they have scarcely been researched from the viewpoint of public policy. This thesis endeavours to explore distinctive characteristics of this policy area; and moreover, it examines the diverse variables which have an impact on policy formation and its results through the process of comparison of arguments. The major tasks of this thesis are to investigate the applicability of the nine arguments and to weigh their merits. As a corollary of this comprehensiveness, it examines the whole public sectors of both countries, in order to show the broader picture and to understand the processes of changes and their backgrounds. More profoundly, similarities and differences between both countries are compared from both macro and micro perspectives. At the same time, the results of AQ are analysed through the comparison of outputs or outcomes before and after these changes, with a view to exploring whether their rationales are appropriate. Furthermore, it also examines the institutional constraints which influence not only the change of agencies but also their performances. Besides which, it seeks to find strategies for overcoming these constraints. This thesis adopts systematic and comprehensive approaches regarding basic concepts and data. It draws on theories of comparative research, the scope of the public sector, the classification and analysis of agencies and quangos, and theories underlying the detailed components of each argument and epistemological assumptions. Therefore, it suggests various aspects which enable us to broaden our understanding of the changes within the public sector; and to generate practical understanding to inform real world reform.

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Hjortfors, Martin. "Kista bibliotek : En kvalitativ fallstudie, från idé till öppnad verksamhet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-147676.

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This study explains the process of how Kista bibliotek, a library in Stockholm, evolves from being an idea to a running activity. The library is created in a time of change, both political and economical and is supposed to meet many different goals set from many different actors. The library is placed in one of Stockholm’s biggest shopping centres, Kista galleria and close to Kista science city which is an important midpoint for international businesses and science. Kista is also an area of segregation and socioeconomic problems and the library want to connect the different ‘worlds’ and together; the local people, businesses and the community create an environment which to be proud of. With new institutionalism as theoretical frameworks and with the use of qualitative interviews and unobtrusive observations, this paper shows how the original idea transforms throughout different levels of the organization. How the library evolves to be both traditional and progressive, how it meets the needs of the locals and work with the commercial environment to fulfil their mission to be a public place in the middle a commercial shopping centre. This study portrays a picture of a library which is moves between different organizational fields, between the private and public sector to achieve the goal of being a modern library in a modern world.

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Mohapatra, Karsten. "Samverkan mellan myndighetskontoret och behandlingsenheten inom socialtjänsten : En kvalitativ studie om förekomsten av samverkanbefrämjande interaktioner och deras påverkande faktorer i det postmoderna samhället." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4988.

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In recent years the failures in the exchange of information between different parts of a highly specialized social services sector has been increasingly criticized. Criticism that has pointed out the dangers of these shortcomings within this highly specialized sector. One main characteristic of specialized social services is that the profession's domain is divided into one or more social service authorities and one or more treatment units. This study aims to show the integrative processes that exist within the specialized social services sector and points out the importance that they have. Further this study will show what factors are influencing these integrative processes. The concept of integrative processes describes in general the interaction between different actors, actors that seek collaboration in order to achieve common goals. The work focuses on integrative processes within a highly specialized social services sector which occur during the initiation and implementation of home-based treatment programs. Programs targeted at children and young people who are no older than 17 years and were carried out by the social services' own treatment resources. The reason for this is the high incidence of integrative processes in this phase of work which therefore enables a comprehensive examination of these interactions. The empirical material in this study is made up partly of documents such as operation plans and semi-standardized research interviews. The analysis of the data is carried out within a theoretical framework consisting of a coupling of the Domain Theory and New Institutionalism Organization Theory. The final discussion points out the factors that reinforce a positive impact on integrative processes and their application in the initiation and evaluation of home-based treatment programs.

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Miterev, Maxim. "Organizing project-based operations : The interplay of content, context and social processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206670.

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Project-based organizations (PBOs) are becoming increasingly widespread and important for the modern economy and society. Thus, they attact significant scholarly attention to their distinctive features. The unit of analysis employed by the majority of the studies is the project-based organization as a whole. Hence, the locus of attention stays at the organizational level, whereas project-related effects are discussed in terms of aggregate properties. With very few exceptions, projects as distinct entities do not feature prominently in the discussion of project-based organizations. This observation creates an interesting paradox. In particular, when projects are discussed as separate units of analysis, their complex organizational dynamics, idiosyncrasies, and institutional embeddedness are among important loci of attention. However, when projects and project collections are discussed within the context of the PBO, the very same aspects tend to be downplayed. Most commonly, projects are either neglected or implicitly assumed to be homogeneous, interchangeable atomic units without internal structure or dynamics, obediently following orders of the parent organizations. Their internal organizational properties are overlooked and the individual-level variables are assumed to have little or no influence on the project outcomes. This thesis questions these assumptions and posits that understanding the dynamics at the project operations level might have important implications for explaining the effectiveness of management arrangements in the PBO. In particular, this thesis aims to explore the factors that shape project-based operations in the setting of the project-based organization. The thesis examines three particular factors which affect organizing of the project-based operations: (1) the content of operations; (2) the context of operations; and (3) the social processes at the operational level. Structurally, the thesis comprises a cover essay and four appended papers (three of them published in international peer-reviewed journals). Largely inductive in nature, the thesis builds on two research studies. The first study represents an in-depth “insider” case study of project-based operations in the Operations division of a large pharmaceutical company. It employs a combination of data collection methods, including semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The second study represents a structured framework-based literature review. Recognizing the organizational properties of projects, the thesis draws upon several literature streams within organization theory and design to analyze the empirical data. The results elaborate how the organizing of project-based operations in the PBO is shaped by the interplay between the content, intra-organizational and wider institutional contexts, as well as endogenous social processes. The thesis contributes to the literature on project-based organizations by developing an institutional, as well as extending a contingency perspective on organizing project-based operations. Further, the results call for revisiting the conceptualization of the PBO by questioning the view of projects as atomic and homogeneous units. Finally, the thesis contributes to the literature by developing an organization design perspective on the PBO. In terms of managerial implications, the thesis offers a few frameworks which can be used to support the decision-making process in a PBO. In particular, Paper I develops a contingency model of program management competences (the 3C model), Paper II derives a framework that can help PBO managers in evaluating the sources of isomorphic pressure on individual projects and programs, while Paper IV puts forth an organization design model for the PBO. At a more general level, Paper II discusses how the identified isomorphic processes within the PBO can limit flexibility, innovation, and efficiency. Finally, the cover essay discusses the important factors that need to be scrutinized in order to assess organizing of the project-based operations, such as the technical content, the project landscape and social landscape or the influence of institutionalised practices and models.

QC 20170508

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Backlund, Rambaree Brita. "Contextualising Constructions of Corporate Social Responsibility : Social Embeddedness in Discourse and Institutional Contexts." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136009.

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‘Corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) and ‘socially responsible investment’ (SRI) have become predominant frameworks connecting business to society that have spread across the globe. They comprise a shared set of ideas and practices, such as those promoted in global reporting standards and by international organisations such as the UN Global Compact. Nonetheless, both are constructed and reproduced by companies in relation to context-specific social institutions, including norms and conventions shaping company engagement in social issues. Using a neo-institutionalist theoretical framework, the thesis examines constructions of social responsibility in discourse and within institutional contexts, across regions that are not often compared in the research terrain: two West European welfare states (Sweden and the UK) and two emerging African economies (South Africa and Mauritius). The purpose of the thesis is to add to the literature on CSR and SRI with a sociologically informed perspective that is comparative and connects institutional theory with social constructionism and a Foucauldian perspective on power. The thesis analyses how perceptions of CSR and SRI are constructed in relation to the social institutions that encase companies’ engagement with social issues, such as national level welfare configurations and the institution of financial investments. The main argument in this thesis is that CSR and SRI need to be seen as contextually constructed, in discourse and practice, in ways that draw the boundaries and set the conditions for company engagement with social issues. The thesis comprises three articles. Article 1 is a content analysis of company self-reporting on CSR and the article examines how the content given to CSR relates to broader welfare configurations and as such differs in four national settings across the divide between emerging African economies and Western welfare states. Article 2 is a discourse analysis that examines interpretative repertoires occurring in company self-reporting across the same set of four countries. The interpretative repertoires are analysed as discursive practices where power intersects with the production of knowledge on CSR. Article 3 focuses on SRI and examines responsible investing as a form of institutional work that institutional investors engage in. Based on an interview study with institutional investors in Sweden, the article analyses institutional work as a process that has the effect of both institutional creation and maintenance and it connects these institutional processes to the construction of meaning on SRI. In its entirety the thesis contributes a sociological perspective on how prevailing understandings of corporate social responsibility come into being and are reproduced.
Uppfattningar om företags samhällsansvar har begreppsliggjorts i huvudsak genom idéer om ’corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) och ’ansvarsfulla investeringar’. Under de senaste decennierna har dessa begrepp utvecklats till att bli vanligt förkommande och har spridits över världen. Som globala koncept medför de en gemensam uppsättning av idéer och metoder, såsom de som förs fram i internationella standarder för företags CSR rapportering, och utav internationella organisationer såsom FN:s Global Compact. Ändå skiljer de sig åt mellan olika kontexter och är konstruerade och återges av företag i förhållande till sociala sammanhang. Begreppen ges mening i relation till sociala institutioner i form av normer och konventioner som redan omger företag och sociala frågor. Baserat på nyinstitutionell teori undersöker avhandlingen konstruktioner av samhällsansvar och ansvarstagande, i diskurs och i institutionella sammanhang, över regioner som inte ofta jämförs i forskningen kring skillnader i företags samhällsansvar: två Västeuropeiska välfärdsstater (Sverige och Storbritannien) och två tillväxtekonomier i södra Afrika (Sydafrika och Mauritius). Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till litteraturen kring CSR och ansvarsfulla investeringar med ett sociologiskt perspektiv som är jämförande och för samman institutionell teori med social konstruktionism och Foucaults perspektiv på makt. Avhandlingen analyserar hur föreställningar om CSR och ansvarsfulla investeringar konstrueras i förhållande till de sociala institutioner som omger företags engagemang i samhällsfrågor, och belyser speciellt vikten av samhällets välfärdssystem och konventioner kring finansiella investeringar som betydelsefulla för dessa begrepp. Huvudargumentet i denna avhandling är att CSR och ansvarsfulla investeringar måste ses som kontextuellt skapade, i diskurs och praxis, på ett sätt som drar gränserna och skapar förutsättningarna för företags engagemang i samhällsfrågor. Avhandlingen omfattar tre artiklar. Artikel 1 är en innehållsanalys av företags självrapportering om CSR och artikeln undersöker hur innehållet som ges till CSR i självrapporteringen relaterar till hur samhället i övrigt hanterar välfärd och sociala frågor. Artikeln visar på hur CSR på så sätt skiljer sig åt mellan fyra olika länder där två är tillväxtekonomier i södra Afrika och två är Västeuropeiska välfärdsstater. Artikel 2 är en diskursanalys som undersöker språkliga repertoarer (interpretative repertoires) som förekommer i företags självrapportering om CSR, i samma uppsättning av fyra länder. Repertoarerna analyseras som tillämpandet av diskurs och de synliggör hur makt är av betydelse i skapandet av diskurser kring CSR. Artikel 3 fokuserar på ansvarfulla investeringar och undersöker detta som en form av aktivt skapande och återskapande av samhällsinstitutioner. Baserat på en intervjustudie med institutionella investerare i Sverige analyseras ansvarfullt investerande som en process som på samma gång innebär både skapande av en ny social institution, ansvarsfulla investeringar, och återskapande av en existerande institution, finansiella investeringar. Skapandet av nya idéer inom ramarna för en existerande institution påverkar innebörden i ansvarsfulla investeringar. I sin helhet bidrar avhandlingen med ett sociologiskt perspektiv på hur uppfattningar om företags samhällsansvar skapas och återskapas.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Damsjö, Sandra, and Maja Blanck. "Makten att välja klienter : En studie om maktobalans i samverkan kring barn och unga med psykisk ohälsa utifrån skolkuratorers och socialsekreterares erfarenheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38126.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the school counsellors and social service workers experience of how the child psychiatry manage their authority in the collaboration concerning children with mental health problems. The study was conducted using qualitative interviews with school counsellors, social service workers and one former employee of the Swedish child psychiatric care. Our results are divided into two themes: Collaboration and distribution of responsibility and Children who fall between the cracks. Examples of groups of children who according to our study are at risk of falling between the cracks are those who apart from mental issues have substance abuse issues or social issues, those whose parents are in a child custody dispute, children who are acting out and children with self-harm issues. The study also reveals that it's easier for children whose parents are active and knowledgeable to get help from the child psychiatric care and that it's a requirement for both parents and children to be highly motivated.There are established social hierarchs between agencies who partake in collaboration regarding children with mental illness. The child psychiatry have a higher status than the social services and the school and therefore greater power to steer the collaboration in a way that benefits the organisations own interests. The structure of the Swedish child psychiatric care is founded in a way that benefits the sorting of clients through the requirement of diagnoses and the will to sort out the psychic problems from the social.Our conclusions with the study is the way that children with mental illness are categorized and where the child is referred is mainly because of a broad conception that Abbott (1981) could describe where the mental issues are considered as "pure" and the social issues are considered "impure".

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Chen, Chun-Fung. "The politics of renewable energy in China : towards a new model of environmental governance?" Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665423.

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The use of renewable energy as part of the solution for stabilising global warming has been promoted in industrialised countries for the past three decades. In the last ten years, China, a non-democratic and less-developed state, has implemented non-hydro alternative energy sources through top-down, technology-oriented measures and expanded its renewable energy capacity with unprecedented speed and breadth. This phenomenon seems to contradict to the principle of orthodox environmental governance, in which stakeholder participation is deemed as necessary condition for effective policy outcomes. Given that little research has been conducted on environmental politics in an authoritarian context, I first set out to explore the role of the Chinese state in enabling transformation of the renewable energy sector and to understand the ways in which policy elites seek to introduce developmental state and ecological modernisation strategy in the policy area. Second, by adopting principal-agent theory, I explicate how the governance mechanisms have been deployed and how challenges of the expansion of the sector in the governance system with a large territory have being mitigated. Based upon news reports, policy documents, and interviews with 32 provincial officials, business leaders, academic researchers, and NGO practitioners in two subnational governments, I argue that the renewable energy development in China is governed through a hybrid mode of environmental policy model that uses, upon the existing developmental state regime, ecological modernisation as a policy paradigm, which is partially incorporated in the process. Ultimately, I examine in this thesis the possibility of an alternative form of environmental governance in which renewable energy can be diffused in a less-participatory manner, with more direct controls and target-oriented state intervention measures. This thesis challenges the orthodox assumption that the inclusive mode of governance are the only capable form of environmental governance that reaches desired policy outcomes of renewable energy deployment.

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Bergman, Torbjörn. "Constitutional rules and party goals in coalition formation : an analysis of winning minority governments in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-8665.

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This study starts with two theoretical puzzles within the rational choice oriented literature on government formation in parliamentary democracies: the relative importance of constitutional rules and the existence of multiple party goals. From these puzzles stem the research questions that guide the study: First, what is the theoretical and empirical link between constitutional arrangements (including rules) and party goals? Second, what are the goals of political parties and how can these be studied? Third, relative to the goals of political parties and other constitutional arrangements, what is the importance of government formation rules for the empirical record of minority and majority governments?Coalition theory provides the theoretical starting point from which the research questions stem. The historical-institutional strand of new institutionalism is used to guide the general understanding of the importance of institutional context. The rational choice oriented strand is used for a detailed study of the design of the Swedish government formation rules and an analysis of how the formation rules affect the goal seeking (micro-logic) of actors.Based on both cross-national data and an in-depth study of Swedish coalition and government formation, the analysis shows that the answer to research question number one is that the link between constitutional arrangements and party goals is one of co-determination. The answer to research question number two is that party leaders pursue four main goals and that this should be an explicit model assumption. The answer to research question number three is that the government formation rules help determine the parties' bargaining positions and for that reason they are of significant importance for the formation of minority and majority governments.
digitalisering@umu

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Lopes, Herton Castiglioni. "A inflação e os Planos Cruzado e Real : uma análise institucionalista." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/40253.

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Esta tese objetiva explicar a persistência e o fim da inflação no Brasil a partir de um enfoque institucionalista. Mais especificamente, faz uma análise dos Planos Cruzado e Real com base nos referenciais teóricos da Teoria da Regulação, do antigo institucionalismo de Veblen e da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), com especial atenção à visão de Douglass North. A partir do referencial teórico da Teoria da Regulação, observa-se a contribuição das formas institucionais de estrutura nos anos 1980 e 1990 para a persistência e o fim da inflação. Do ponto de vista do institucionalismo vebleniano, observa-se que as formas institucionais de estrutura, na década de 1980, contribuíram para consolidar o que se denominou de hábito inflacionário, presente no Brasil ao longo de sua história, mas que ganhou maior relevância na segunda metade dessa década e início dos anos 1990. Frente a esse hábito, formado a partir de um ambiente de seleção e adaptação que ganha relevância mais significativa quando a incerteza aumenta, explicamos o resultado do Plano Cruzado, incapaz de eliminar o hábito compartilhado de reajustar preços. Fez-se necessária a adoção de uma série de transformações (formas institucionais) para a eliminação do hábito inflacionário e o sucesso do Plano Real, que continuaria a processar significativas transformações na economia nacional. Do ponto de vista da Nova Economia Institucional, trabalhamos o conceito de moeda como uma instituição fundamental nas economias de mercado. Nesse contexto, a configuração das formas institucionais e a formação do hábito inflacionário transformaram a moeda nacional em uma instituição ineficiente (que não cumpria adequadamente suas funções) que não desapareceu porque foram criados os mecanismos de indexação como complementares às suas funções. No esquema de mudança institucional de Douglass North, fica claro que o Plano Cruzado fracassou porque não foi capaz de alterar as crenças dos agentes, fruto de anos de convivência com uma economia inflacionária. Por outro lado, o Plano Real teve êxito porque, além de ter sido elaborado em um novo contexto de formas institucionais e de eliminação do hábito inflacionário, alterou a crença dos agentes em relação à moeda nacional em um momento em que a própria convivência com a inflação havia se tornado difícil.
This thesis aims at explaining the persistence and the end of inflation in Brazil from an institutionalist approach. More specifically, analyses the Cruzado and Real Plans based on the theoretical framework of the Theory of Regulation, Veblen‘s old institutionalism and the New Institutional Economics (NIE), with special attention to the vision of Douglass North. From the Theory of Regulation theoretical framework we observed the contribution of institutional forms of structure in the years 1980 and 1990 for the persistence and end of inflation. From the Veblenian institutionalism point of view, it is observed that the institutional forms of structure, in the 1980s, helped consolidate what was called inflationary habit. This is present in Brazil throughout its history but gained greater prominence in the second half of this decade and early 1990s. Facing this habit, formed from an environment of selection and adaptation that gains a more significant relevance when the uncertainty increases, we explain the result of the Cruzado Plan which was unable to eliminate the shared habit of readjusting prices. It was necessary to adopt a series of transformations (institutional forms) to eliminate the inflationary habit and to enable the success of the Real Plan, which would continue to handle significant changes in the national economy. From the perspective of the New Institutional Economics, we worked with the concept of money as a fundamental institution in market economies. In this context, the configuration of institutional forms and the formation of inflationary habit transformed the national currency in an inefficient institution (that did not fulfilled its functions properly) which did not disappeared because indexation mechanisms were created as complementary to its functions. In Douglass North scheme of institutional change, it is clear that the Cruzado Plan failed because it was not able to change the agents‘ beliefs, a result of years of living with an inflationary economy. On the other hand, the Real Plan was successful because, besides having been prepared in a new context of institutional forms and elimination of inflationary habit, changed the agents belief towards the national currency at a time when the coexistence with inflation itself had become difficult.

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McMahon, Adam Michael. "From Blooming Judicial Philosophies to Castrated Legislation: Sexuality, Desire, and Nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/288.

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Society and institutions of government reinforce norms that constrain the behavior of individuals. Heteropatriarchal norms traditionally favor the perspective of white, male, heterosexual, reason, judicial restraint, and democratic authority over their binary, and minority, counterparts: black, female, homosexual, desire, judicial activism, and individual rights. According to the theory of Queer New Institutionalism, these dichotomous pairs are mutually dependent upon each other for definition and maintenance. The perpetuation of these binarisms is made through language, often assumed and unquestioned. However, the use of sexualized language and metaphors are identified in efforts to draw suspicion and consternation for these minoritized Others. When the presence of an Other is missing, those that would reinforce these norms being to skirt the line between the pairings, taking the position of the individual they would otherwise criticize. By utilizing critical discourse analysis, Supreme Court nomination hearings during the 109th and 111th Congresses were reviewed for support for the theory of Queer New Institutionalism. Senators and witnesses before the committee operated within the constraints of binary thinking and instances of sexualized and gendered language, as well as metaphors, were used to perpetuate these norms and link the nominees to the suspicion surrounding Others.

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Mhirsi, Nadia. "Légitimité de l’audit conjoint : Une analyse structurationniste et néo-institutionnaliste des cas français et danois." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090051.

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Cette recherche contribue à la compréhension de la légitimité de l'audit conjoint. Elle vise à la fois à mettre en exergue les pressions institutionnelles qui influent sur la pérennité du modèle et à ouvrir une boite noire qui est celle des interactions entre co-Auditeurs. Elle présente aussi l'impact de ces pressions sur les relations au sein du modèle et inversement. Nous avons adopté un cadre théorique mobilisant les concepts de la théorie de la structuration et de la théorie néo-Institutionnelle. Notre démarche est compréhensive et s'appuie sur une étude de cas multiples avec le cas du co-Commissariat aux comptes en France et le cas du to-Revisor systemet au Danemark. Nous avons privilégié les entretiens et les données historiques comme modes de collecte de données. Les rôles joués par les législateurs et les régulateurs semblent à l'origine des évolutions différentes du modèle d'audit conjoint pour les deux cas. Malgré ces points de divergence, nous avons pu établir un point commun qui relève de l'importance des normes culturelles pour la pérennité de l’audit conjoint et de son adoption dans d’autres contextes. L'idéologie du contrat équitable a largement influé sur la perception du modèle par les auditeurs danois et français. Cette vision prônant l'efficience des modes de gouvernance a donné lieu au déclin de la logique de l'honneur en France et à celle du Grundtvigianisme au Danemark
This research contributes to an understanding of joint audit's legitimacy. It aims to highlight the institutional pressures affecting the sustainability of the model and opens a black box which is the interaction between joint auditors. It also shows the impact of these pressures on the relationships within the model and vice versa. We have adopted a theoretical framework using the concepts ofstructuration theory and new institutionalism. Our approach is comprehensive and based on a multiple-Case study with the co-Commissariat aux comptes in France and the to-Revisor systemet in Denmark. We used interviews and historical data as means of data collection. The roles of legislators and regulators seem to trigger different evolutions of the joint audit for both cases. Despite these points of divergence, we were able to establish a common matter relating to the importance of cultural standards for the persistence of joint auditing and its adoption in other contexts. The ideology of fair contract has greatly influenced the perception of the model by the Danish and French auditors. This vision promoting efficient modes of governance has led to the decline of the logic of honor in France and that of Grundtvigianism in Denmark

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Vanasse, Bethany, and Laura Tombrink. "Health Literacy and Behaviour : Why context can trump knowledge." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26974.

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Receiving health information and implementing recommendations are important factors for household development. However, it is not uncommon for people in the developing world to disregard information and not change their behaviour. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of how context and knowledge determine health practices and behaviour in order to provide an explanation for why people do not follow health recommendations that would improve their health and the development of their household. In a field study in the Ribáuè district of Mozambique, an ethnographic approach using semi-structured interviews with individuals on the household level as well as stakeholders from both the public and private sector was used to gather the data. New institutionalist theory and health literacy were applied to structure the findings, analyze the data, and provide an explanation for the phenomenon described above. Conclusions from the study demonstrate that individuals must go through a process of obtaining, understanding, and evaluating health information before implementing recommendations. However, the socio-economic, and cultural circumstances in which a person lives can inhibit this process. Furthermore, regulative, normative, and cultural- cognitive underpinnings have proven to both resist and influence changes in health behaviour.

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Ward, Robert C. Jr. "The Chaos of Covergence: A Study of the Process of Decay, Change, and Transformation within the Telephone Policy Subsystem of the United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28175.

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This dissertation was developed as two distinct themes within one final study. The first theme is located within Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. These two chapters examine the nature of both policy analysis and organizational theory in terms of their development within the American versions of Public Administration and Political Science. I conclude that the distinctions that have been created between the two areas of research are false, and that within the basic structure of American political theory both policy development and administrative implementation are a single unified endeavor. I then propose that Anthony Giddens Theory of Structuration offers both policy analysis and organizational theory a meta-theory that would allow for both areas of research to be reconnected. Various policy and organizational analysis models are examined, and alterations in these models are suggested to comply with the basic concepts of Giddens Theory of Structuration. A final model of analysis is presented which incorporates elements from these various models, and allows for the examination of the overall operation of a policy subsystem in terms of both policy analysis and organizational theory. The second theme is located within Chapters 4 through 10. The analytical model that was created in the first theme is applied it to a specific policy subsystem, namely the wire-based telecommunications industry of the United States. The relationship between the industry and government is examined from its original inception to the implementation of the Telecommunications Deregulation Act of 1996. Seven distinct periods of development are analyzed. Each period of analysis seeks to locate the basic underlying structural principles forming the foundations for decisions in both the private and public sectors, and the processes for adaptation and adjustment. The examination of the processes engaged in the various periods supports the conclusion reached in the original analytical model, namely that political and administrative interaction are in fact linked, forming a unified process. A single underlying structural principle is located that has formed the basis for the policy subsystems existence, namely the concept of Compound Federalism as originally envisioned by the Republic's Founding Fathers.
Ph. D.

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Kouao, Serge Guy. "Incidence des facteurs institutionnels dans l’évolution de la structure financière des entreprises : cas d’entreprises françaises cotées à la bourse de Paris." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40032/document.

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S’appuyant sur les théories du financement hiérarchique et du compromis, cette recherche se donne pour objectif de tester empiriquement la relation structure financière-institution. Ces deux notions partagent des caractéristiques communes favorisant leur association conceptuelle à travers le ratio d’endettement cible spécifiquement via le comportement de conservatisme financier des entreprises. Cela ouvre de nouvelles possibilités d’analyses de ladite relation, notamment, en mobilisant le néo-institutionnalisme. Un échantillon de 204 entreprises françaises cotées à la bourse de Paris, ayant des données complètes entre 1999 et 2007, a servi à entreprendre le volet empirique de l’étude. Les principaux résultats indiquent que l’ensemble des déterminants traditionnels de la structure financière, à l’exception de la taille, joue un rôle important dans la politique de financement de ces entreprises. Le niveau de corruption et la liquidité du marché boursier français (variables institutionnelles juridico-financières) n’influencent pas le choix du niveau d’endettement, mais jouent plutôt un rôle significatif dans le choix de la maturité de la dette. Par ailleurs, la structure financière de ces entreprises converge lentement mais sûrement vers son niveau cible
Based on the pecking order and trade-off theories, this research aims to test empirically the relationship between corporate capital structure and institution. Both concepts share common characteristics fostering their conceptual association through the target debt ratio specifically via corporate behavior of financial conservatism. This opens new possibilities for analysis of that relationship, in particular, by mobilizing the new institutionalism framework. A sample of 204 French companies listed on the Paris stock exchange, with complete data between 1999 and 2007, was used to undertake the empirical part of the study. The main results indicate that all the traditional determinants of capital structure, except the size, play an important role in the financing policy of these companies. The level of corruption and the French stock market liquidity (legal and financial institutional variables) do not influence the choice of debt level, but rather play a significant role in the choice of debt maturity. In addition, the financial structure of these companies converges slowly but surely toward its target level

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Paolillo, José. "L'institutionnalisation du discours sur l'Université de rang mondial dans le système d'enseignement supérieur Péruvien : le cas de l’Université Catholique Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo au Chiclayo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMOND009.

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Nous expliquons la construction du concept Université de rang mondial (URM) et sa relation particulière avec les classements internationaux des universités, les principaux acteurs qui composent le scénario mondial sont identifiés en décrivant chacun d’entre eux. Un accent particulier est mis sur ce que l’on appelle les « Big Three » en raison de leur importance cruciale de leur diffusion dans le processus d’institutionnalisation du concept. De même nous examinons, les implications du concept dans la sphère nationale (c’est-à-dire au Pérou), et plus tard dans la sphère micro-organisationnelle (Dans l’Université Catholique Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo à la Ville de Chiclayo - Pérou). Nous présentons une revue de la littérature liée au concept, en partant d’études menées au niveau mondial, puis de celles au niveau latino-américain, et on finira par celles établies dans le niveau national péruvien. Ensuite, nous présentons le cadre conceptuel de la théorie néo-institutionnelle (TNI) qui nous aidera à clarifier l’institutionnalisation à travers la variante discursive. Nous mettons en relevance les arguments qui nous ont conduits à nous prononcer sur cette théorie à partir des articles fondateurs et de leurs perspectives. Postérieurement, nous présentons un bref aperçu de la trajectoire discursive, ainsi que l’explication d’un modelé d’institutionnalisation discursive à travers les relations entre les actions, les textes, le discours et les institutions. Finalement, nous présentons nos questions de recherche, qui vont du niveau international à la portée de l’Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (USAT), en passant par l’interprétation du discours au niveau national. Dans la deuxième partie, nous basons notre décision de sélection sur une recherche qualitative, puis nous nous sommes appuyés par un modèle à cas unique. Nous partons de notre positionnement épistémologique, inscrivant ainsi nos recherches dans le paradigme interprétativiste. Ensuite, nous expliquons les raisons du choix de la méthodologie qualitative et après nous avons intégré dans nos travaux la perspective longitudinale processuelle de Langley (1999). Nous montrons en détail la collecte des données, ainsi que les considérations d’interprétation et d’analyse : l’immersion, les entretiens, la conduite des entretiens, la sélection des acteurs interrogés et la collecte des données (primaires et secondaires). Finalement, nous résultats suggèrent deux aspects importants, l’identification des structures particulières d’institutionnalisation du concept URM dans chaque niveau d’analyse international, national et organisationnel, et l’dentification des leviers hors de notre modèle d’analyse provenant du terrain, à savoir la Qualité, la Langue et les Ressources économiques
We explain the construction of the World-class university (WCU) concept and its particular relationship with international university rankings, the main actors that make up the global scenario are identified by describing each of them. Particular emphasis is placed on the so-called “Big Three” because of the crucial importance of their diffusion in the process of institutionalization of the concept. Likewise, we examine the implications of the concept in the national sphere (Peru), and later in the micro-organizational sphere (At the Catholic University “Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo” in the City of Chiclayo - Peru). We present a review of the literature related to the concept, starting from studies carried out at the global level, then those at the Latin American level, and ending with those established at the Peruvian national level. Next, we present the conceptual framework of neo-institutional theory (NIT) which will help us clarify institutionalization through the discursive variant. We highlight the arguments that led us to pronounce ourselves on this theory based on the founding articles and their perspectives. Subsequently, we present a brief overview of the discursive trajectory, as well as the explanation of a model of discursive institutionalization through the relationships between actions, texts, discourse and institutions. Finally, we present our research questions, which range from the international level to the scope of the Catholic University “Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo” (USAT), through discourse interpretation at national level. In the second part, we base our selection decision on qualitative research, then rely on a single-case model. We start from our epistemological position, thus placing our research within the interpretivist paradigm. Then, we explain the reasons for choosing the qualitative methodology and then we integrate Langley's (1999) longitudinal approach into our work. We show in detail the data collection, as well as the interpretation and analysis considerations: immersion, interviews, conduct of interviews, selection of interviewed actors and data collection (primary and secondary). Finally, our results suggest two important aspects, the identification of particular structures of institutionalization of the WCU concept in each international, national and organizational level of analysis, and the identification of levers outside our analysis model coming from the field, namely Quality, Language and Economic Resources

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Dekavalla, Georgia, and Sara Melina Sabzian. "Welcome to madness : The role of Greece as the gatekeeper of Fortress Europe." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8372.

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This thesis aims to explore the different aspects of the phenomenon of migration in Greece, as a case study. The choice of country is motivated by its geographical position at Europe’s external borders. In order to gain an insight into the reality that migrants are faced with when searching for a better life in Europe, a field study was conducted in Athens, Greece during a period of six weeks in the spring of 2010. The field work included interviews with various actors and individuals that are directly involved in migration issues, informal discussions with migrants and personal observations. Additionally, secondary sources such as previous studies were used. The framework used to approach the material included elements from neo-institutionalism, hermeneutics as well as critical theory.

The most important conclusions reached incorporate that the rights of migrants are not respected in any aspect of the societal sphere, or in other words the three institutional pillars, the regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive. As a result, there are double standards applied to Europeans respective migrants. As a possible cause of the problematic situation described, underlying perceptions of national identity versus "otherness" are identified. These perceptions derive from a deeply rooted acceptance of social constructions such as national borders, as undisputable facts.

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Duret, Roxane. "De l'émergence des risques à leur intégration dans une organisation : le cas de l'industrie de la construction." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E068.

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Les grands groupes de l'industrie de la construction souhaitent intégrer le concept de prévention au sein de leurs organisations en recherchant des améliorations techniques et organisationnelles et en déployant des méthodes tantôt coercitives, tantôt participatives visant une maîtrise du facteur humain. L'objectif de cette industrie est de contrôler les risques inhérents aux chantiers dont il est possible de déterminer plusieurs classifications. Le point commun de ces dernières est leur finalité, c'est-à-dire établir une liste exhaustive d'un ensemble infini selon des critères variables. Après avoir analysé les différents facteurs influençant sur la genèse des risques dans un environnement aussi particulier qu'est celui des chantiers de bâtiment, nous proposons un modèle dynamique d'appréhension des risques et d'aide à la décision reposant sur la mobilisation de la TNI et de la théorie des représentations sociales. Plus spécifiquement, en considérant les propriétés des risques « émergents » actuels, nous nous interrogeons sur la pertinence des moyens mis en œuvre par l'organisation pour permettre leur intégration
The major companies of the construction industry wish to integrate the concept of prevention within their organizations by seeking technical and organizational improvements and by implementing coercive or participatory methods whose goal is to deal with the human factor. This industry aims at controlling the risks inherent to the construction sites of which several classifications can be determined. Those classifications have in common their purpose, which is to draw up an exhaustive list from an infinite set according to variable criteria. After analyzing the different factors that influence the genesis of the risks in such a specific environment as the building sites, we propose a dynamic model for risk understanding and decision-making, based on the mobilization of the TNI and the Theory of social representations More specifically, considering the characteristics of the current emerging risks, we wonder about the relevance of the means implemented by the organization towards their integration

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Williams, Helen Marie. "Examining the nature of policy change : a new institutionalist explanation of citizenship and naturalisation policy in the UK and Germany, 2000-2010." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3464/.

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This thesis combines two burgeoning fields – New Institutionalism and migration studies – to explain the process of institutional change. It tests six hypotheses drawn from a hybrid theoretical framework drawn from Historical Institutionalism, Rational Choice Institutionalism, and Sociological Institutionalism, identifying concrete mechanisms of reproduction and sources of endogenous and exogenous change. It applies this framework to changes in access to citizenship in the form of citizenship and naturalisation policy in the United Kingdom and Germany between 2000 and 2010. Its greatest contributions lie in a more comprehensive explanation of endogenous factors and incremental changes, two aspects of institutional change that have received inadequate theoretical attention and empirical investigation. Testing economic, power-based, and ideational explanations for change, it concludes that each of the New Institutionalisms makes an important contribution to a complete understanding of the process of change and the dynamics of this policy area in two very different European countries.

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Jawad, Amir. "Bachelor thesis." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23412.

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate organizational changes in a municipal administration. The case in focus for this study has been the labour market administration in the city of Helsingborg. Methods that have been used in this study has been a qualitative approach as well as having conducted for semi structured interviews with public officials. Furthermore, the main theoretical framework in this study has been a neo-institutional theory. The conclusions that this thesis has drawn is that organisations are affected by their surrounding world, both directly and indirectly which is expressed as normative isomorphism, coercive isomorphism and mimetic isomorphism.

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KHATUMBA, MUSIBA MUHAMAD, and PATRIK ERGÜL. "Vad är ledarskap? -Studenters uppfattning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17121.

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Ledarskap finns på flera platser i samhället och kan se ut på olika sätt. Det är något som alla känner till eller har kommit i kontakt med på ett eller annat sätt. Likt ord som lycka eller kärlek är ledarskap subjektivt och öppet för tolkning. Vissa hävdar att ledarskap är en medfödd förmåga medan andra menar att det är en förmåga som kan tränas upp. Ledarskapets speciella karaktär med sin skiftande betydelse och utseende fick oss att skriva det här arbetet. Ledarskap är så mycket mer än att bara leda människor eller ge order. Som en social konstruktion skapas ledarskapet för att kunna styra, leda och bemöta krav från exempelvis omgivningen.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur studenterna på Högskolan i Borås uppfattar ledarskap. Vi har valt att genomföra studien utifrån en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod med utgångspunkt i form av enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Empirin ligger till grund för analysen och består av kännetecken och påståenden om ledarskap. Samtidigt som vi har gjort ett försök till att visa hur institutionalismen kan kopplas till ledarskap. Resultatet visar att studenterna har en bred uppfattning om företeelsen ledarskap. En ledare skall vara duktiga på flera olika saker och förfoga över egenskaper som exempelvis kommunikationsförmåga, förtroendeingivande och samarbetsvillighet.
Program: Ekonomie magisterutbildning i företagsekonomi 60 hp

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Amedegnato, Akakpo. "Les organisations secrètes criminelles et le management par la terreur : cas des réseaux de proxénétisme subsahariens." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30012/document.

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Une organisation, c'est avant tout des hommes et des moyens pour atteindre desobjectifs, et les réseaux subsahariens de proxénétisme ne dérogent pas à cette règle. Comme touteorganisation ils structurent et mobilisent des acteurs, mettent en place des stratégies pour arriver àleurs fins. En même temps la question de l'organisation suscite entre autre celle de l'environnementorganisationnel, car toute organisation vit et évolue dans un environnement donné avec lequel secréent des interactions. La problématique de la dynamique organisationnelle des réseauxsubsahariens de proxénétisme soulève celle de leur visibilité et de leur légitimité dans cetenvironnement, car ce sont des organisations criminelles, secrètes, et donc ne pouvant bénéficierd'aucune publicité. Pourtant, ces réseaux fonctionnent bel et bien, et les conséquences de leursactions sont bien perceptibles. Comment comprendre cette possibilité de fonctionnement dans detelles circonstances ? Il est certain que les jeunes femmes recrutées par les proxénètes subsaharienssubissent un management par la terreur. Cependant un élément déterminant laisse supposer que cesjeunes femmes vivent dans une peur qui va au-delà de la simple peur du proxénète : le phénomène« vaudou », propre aux réalités socioculturelles des sociétés subsahariennes. L'environnementinstitutionnel des réseaux subsahariens de proxénétisme inspirerait-il leur fonctionnement ? Cettethèse se propose d'apporter un éclairage sur le fonctionnement et les pratiques organisationnellesdes réseaux subsahariens de proxénétisme, à la lumière de la théorie du néo-institutionnalisme etcelle de la contingence. Ces deux théories mettent en évidence la relation d'influence possible entrel'environnement d'une organisation et son comportement
An organization, it is primarily men and means to achieve goals, and sub-Saharanpimping networks are no exception to this rule. Like any organization they structure and mobilizestakeholders, implement strategies to achieve their goals. At the same time the question of theorganization causes including that of the organizational environment as an organization exists andevolves in a given environment with which interactions are created. The problem of organizationaldynamics of sub-Saharan pimping networks, raises the question of their visibility and legitimacy inthis environment, because they are criminal, secret organizations and therefore not eligible for anyadvertising. However, these networks do work well and the consequences of their actions areperceived. How to understand the possibility of operating in such circumstances ? It's certain, thatyoung women recruited by sub-Saharian pimps undergo management by terror. A key elementsuggests that these women live in fear that goes beyond the simple fear of the pimp. It's the« voodoo », a phenomenon linked to the socio-cultural realities of sub-Saharan communities. Doesthe institutional environment of sub-Saharan pimping networks inspire their operation ? This thesisaims to shed light on organizational practices and the operation of sub-Saharan pimping networks,in the light of two theories : neo-institutionalism and contingency. Both theories emphasize therelationship with the environment that can affect an organization and its behavior

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Grall, Bénédicte. "Le rôle de la technologie dans la construction des représentations et des pratiques de la relation client : le cas des progiciels CRM." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHEC0011/document.

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Alors que les outils de gestion envahissent les organisations, nous en savons encore très peu sur la manière dont ils agissent sur les habitudes de penser, sur les façons de faire et sur les comportements.Cette thèse s'intéresse au rôle des progiciels CRM dans la construction des représentations et des pratiques de la relation client. Ces progiciels sont étudiés à deux niveaux: celui de l'espace professionnel des Directeurs commerciaux et celui d'une organisation. Tout d'abord, à partir de l'analyse, entre 1990 et 2009, d'une revue professionnelle destinée aux Directeurs commerciaux, nous montrons l'institutionnalisation des progiciels CRM et que cette institutionnalisation s'est accompagnée d'un déplacement des représentations relatives à ce qui est considéré comme une "bonne" gestion de la relation client. Parallèlement, nous avons mené une étude de cas en profondeur sur dix ans, rendant compte de la mise en oeuvre et de l'utilisation d'un progiciel CRM particulier. Nous montrons que la mise en oeuvre d'un progiciel CRM requiert un processus de traduction continu. Puis, nous mettons en évidence plusieurs transformations des pratiques dont certaines n'étaient pas attendues. Les transformations touchent la connaissance client et son partage, ainsi que les modes de contrôle à l'oeuvre dans l'organisation. Au-delà des transformations des pratiques en matière de contrôle hiérarchique, le progiciel CRM a notamment favorisé la mise en place de deux nouveaux modes de contrôle: un contrôle latéral (entre pairs) et un contrôle transversal (entre fonctions). Notre recherche s'inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui considèrent que les outils de gestion, et plus globalement les artefacts, méritent qu'on leur accorde une attention plus grande. Nous illustrons plus largement dans ce travail l'intérêt d'aborder les processus organisationnels en prenant au sérieux les objets techniques indissociables de l'action. En les prenant comme points d'entrée, il est possible de documenter des phénomènes jusqu'alors peu explorés
Though management tools are more and more present in organizations, little is known on how they act on mindsets, on habits and on behaviours.This dissertation focuses on the role of CRM software packages in the construction of customer relationship representations and practices. These software packages were studied at two different levels: the sales director community and an organization. First of all, a professional journal analysis between 1990 and 2009 was conducted. The results show that CRM software packages were institutionalized and that this institutionalization comes with a shift in the representations of what is considered as "good" customer relationship management. Then, a ten year in-depth case study of the implementation and the use of a CRM software package was conducted.The results show that the implementation of a CRM software package requires a continuous translation process. They also highlight some changes in practices, of which some are unintended. The changes are related to customer knowledge, its sharing and the modes of control inside the firm. Beyond changes in hierarchical control, the CRM software package leads to the implementation of two new modes of control: a lateral control(between peers) and a transversal control (between functions). This research is in line with the literature that considers that more attention has to be paid to management tools, and more generally to artefacts. We illustrate more broadly in this dissertation the interest of addressing organizational processes by taking seriously the technical objects indissociable from action. Taking them as a starting point for research could be a mean to inform currently underexplored phenomena

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Hassanzadeh, Dastjerdi Raheleh. "Les obstacles institutionnels au développement économique de l’Iran." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100044.

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Un grand nombre d’études économiques réalisées ces dernières années mettent en évidence l’importance des institutions dans le développement et la croissance économiques. La qualité de l’environnement institutionnel qui détermine le niveau des coûts de transactions dépend de l’efficacité et la performance des institutions politiques, économiques et culturels. Le système juridique et judiciaire a aussi sa part dans la performance économique globale. Notre étude montre que dans le cadre de la théorie du néo institutionnalisme, les obstacles au développement économique de l’Iran s’expliquent par un système juridique qui n’a pas réussi à assurer aux acteurs économiques la protection des droits de propriété et faire respecter les contrats qui autorisent le développement d’un processus d’échange complexe dans lequel les coûts de transactions sont faibles. Le droit de propriété et le droit des contrats du système juridique iranien ne sécurisent pas suffisamment les acteurs économiques dans leur démarches entrepreneuriales. Ces derniers, en effet, n’ont pas à leur disposition le cadre juridique adéquat qui leur offre les soutiens dont ils ont besoin. L’origine de cela, c’est la stratégie du développement de la République Islamique de l’Iran, prévue dans la constitution et mise en œuvre par les pouvoirs législatif, exécutif et judiciaire, qui n’a jamais créé les conditions de mise en place de programmes politiques qui dirigent la base institutionnelle vers toujours plus d’efficience
Numerous economic studies, carried out in recent years, prove the importance of the local institutions in economic development and growth in a country. The quality of institutional environment that determines the level of transaction costs, depends on the efficiency and performance of political, economic and cultural institutions. The legal and juridical system also has its own role in the overall economic performance. In this research, the potential obstacles for economic development of Iran in context of the neo institutionalism theory are analyzed, also, the relationship of these obstacles with the legal system, that has not been able to provide economic actors, the protection of property rights and enforcement of contracts that enables the minimization of transaction costs in development of complex trading processes. The property and contract rights of the Iranian legal system does not sufficiently secure the economic actors in their entrepreneurial approaches, i.e. the economic actors do not have access to an appropriate legal framework that offers the required supports to them. The development strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran, which are foreseen in Constitution, implemented by legislative, executive and judicial officials are also evaluated as the sources of these obstacles, and reasons for the lack of conditions creation for setting up political plans that lead the institutional foundations toward more efficiency

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Olivero, Julie. "Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.

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Face à une montée en puissance de la conscience sociétale et au renforcement législatif,les questions environnementales représentent un enjeu stratégique pour les établissements polluants.Inscrite dans le champ de la RSE,cette thèse vise à comprendre la décision de gestion des risques environnementaux au sein d'établissements à risques situés dans des agglomérations littorales françaises.Elle analyse les dispositifs d'évaluation, de gestion et de communication des risques environnementaux, appelés «risques industrialo-environnementaux» (RIE),et identifie les motivations et freins de ces actions tels qu'ils sont perçus par les responsables.Les travaux sur la décision individuelle face au risque,la théorie des parties prenantes,et la théorie néo-institutionnelle servent de prisme théorique.La méthodologie s'articule en deux temps:19 entretiens avec analyse textuelle,et 196 questionnaires.Malgré une prise de conscience collective des enjeux environnementaux,les RIE sont gérés significativement depuis une dizaine d'années.Si la réglementation et les valeurs des dirigeants guident principalement les établissements vers une gestion plus responsable,la complexité des textes réglementaires et le manque d'informations expliquent la perte de vitesse des initiatives environnementales (SME, EMAS, partenariats). Les établissements sondés adoptent des démarches réactives de conformité réglementaire.Les coûts,le manque de moyens,la faible perception des avantages immédiats sont des freins à la poursuite d'actions environnementales plus ambitieuses.La gestion des RIE apparaît davantage comme un moyen onéreux de légitimer et de pérenniser les activités que comme une opportunité économique
The increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage

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Carvalho, Vinícius José Ribeiro de. "Das razões da utilização do EBITDA por profissionais de mercado: uma contribuição prática." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/953.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Jose Ribeiro de Carvalho.pdf: 508933 bytes, checksum: 35f5bc3268f8eb84a3d4d15678926b51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-03
This study seeks to understand the utilization of EBITDA by Brazilian market professionals. EBITDA, which emerged in the 1970s in the United States as a tool to measure the operating performance of companies with heavy capital investments and / or highly leveraged companies, due to its success quickly spread throughout the world as an important proxy for cash flows. However, over the years the academic and professional community, as well as regulators and standard-setting bodies, raised a number of criticisms and warnings on its use, possibly greater than its virtues. Thus, was born the motivation of this work: why and how highly skilled and qualified professionals continue utilizing EBITDA in their daily work, despite its conceptual weaknesses? Additionally, there was the motivation to discuss an issue lacking depth in Brazil. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, conducted through interviews with a sample of professionals selected by convenience and the data analyzed by the content analysis technique, with ATLAS.ti software support. The results show that the professionals of the sample continue using EBITDA mainly for ease of use and calculation, and deem it a good measure of operating performance. However, in addition to several criticisms, also showed us that they continue to utilize EBITDA due to the lack of a good proxy for cash flow that has a similar cost-benefit relation. Finally, we identified that one of the probable reasons for its mass utilization lies in Mimetic Isomorphism, as analyzed by the New Institutional Sociology, or Neo-institutionalism.
Este trabalho buscou entender a utilização do EBITDA por profissionais atuantes no mercado profissional brasileiro. O EBITDA, que despontou na década de 1970 nos Estados Unidos da América como uma ferramenta para medir o desempenho operacional de empresas com pesados investimentos em capital intensivo e/ou empresas altamente alavancadas, devido ao seu sucesso rapidamente se disseminou por todo o mundo como uma importante proxy para fluxos de caixa. No entanto, ao longo dos anos a comunidade acadêmica e profissional, assim como órgãos reguladores e normatizadores, levantaram uma série de críticas e ponderações quanto ao seu uso, possivelmente maiores que suas virtudes. Assim, nasceu a motivação deste trabalho: por que e como profissionais tão gabaritados continuam utilizando o EBITDA em seu dia a dia, apesar de suas fragilidades conceituais? Também teve-se a motivação de discutir um tema pouco aprofundado no Brasil. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho qualitativo e exploratório, realizado através de entrevista com amostra de profissionais selecionados por conveniência e com os dados analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, com suporte do software ATLAS.ti. Os resultados apontaram que os profissionais da amostra continuam utilizando o EBITDA principalmente pela facilidade de uso e de cálculo, além de entenderem ser uma boa medida de desempenho operacional. No entanto, além das diversas críticas tecidas, apontam também que o utilizam devido a falta de uma boa proxy para fluxo de caixa que tenha custo benefício de utilização semelhante. Por fim, identificamos que uma das razões para sua utilização reside no Isomorfismo Mimético, conforme analisado pela Nova Sociologia Institucional, ou Neo-institucionalismo.

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El, hajjari Borg Mounia, and Elin Sundberg. "Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448552.

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While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature.

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Annett, Dr Iona. "Federal governance in the European Union." 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2189.

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Since the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1951, the European Union has emerged from a limited economic confederation to a supranational federal polity. There is, however, little work based in federal theory that seeks to understand the European Union as a federation nor the process by which that was achieved. Federal theory gives us two means of understanding federal government – federalism as techne and as telos. Federalism as techne informs us of the institutions and structures involved in federal governance. Federalism as telos provides the ideas, norms and values of federalism. Thus it is possible to speak of the federal idea (telos) and the institutions that embody it (techne).The process of federalisation of the European Union has seen the separation of these strands. Federal ideas do not necessarily lead to federal governance regimes; federal governance outcomes are not necessarily based on federal ideas. The European Union has adopted, over time, federal governance structures due to pragmatic concerns with institutional efficiency, bargain implementation, defection from agreement, and the equality of member states. The institutions created by the member states have themselves contributed to the federalisation process. Rarely has the federalisation process moved forward due to a belief in the value of federation itself.

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Nichols, Curtis William. "The governing cycle and the dynamics of new majority formation." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19803.

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In this dissertation I advance a new, regime style, governing cycle theory to account for the constitutional origins and political dynamics of new majority formation. It is these periodic attempts to reorder politics and overcome conditions of entropy that I argue best account for the broad contours of American political development. Using a historical institutional approach, I argue that the U.S. Constitution’s durable separation of powers design interacts with America’s two party system to unintentionally structure political conflict in ways that makes it almost impossible for anyone to address the inevitable build up of entropy in the political system. Recurrently, this challenges partisan leaders to renew politics via the formation of a new governing majority. Partisan leaders accomplish this goal by completing three tasks: 1) shifting the main axis of partisan conflict; 2) assembling a new majority coalition that allows for effective control of federal governing institutions; and, 3) locking-in partisan priorities and advantage through institutionalization of a new governing regime. Through case study analysis, I demonstrate that the dynamics of new governing majority formation can play out in either a straightforward or a protracted manner depending on whether or not partisan leaders initially succeed or fail to accomplish these tasks. This leads to new interpretations of the crucial “System of 1896” and “Reagan Revolution” cases, which allows me to argue for the superiority of my new cyclical theory and to conclude that the governing cycle contains the American polity’s best opportunity to reorder and revitalize itself.
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Rybachenko, Diana. "Vzájemné vztahy Ruska a Číny v rámcích BRICS a jejich mezinárodní význam z hlediska neomarxismu a neoliberálního institucionalismu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415054.

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Neo-Marxism and neoliberal institutionalism are applied to investigate which factors determine the cooperation of emerging powers and what consequences it may have globally within the case of Russia-China relations in BRICS. To this end, congruence analysis is applied. Based on available data, comparison of predictions with observations reveals that the majority of evidences accord with neo-Marxism. Russia and China affirm their position against the predominance of one center in the international arena and emphasize common commitment to a more equitable multipolar world order that is permanently reflected in the statements of Russian and Chinese leadership. The trade war between the US and China since 2018 is one of the evidence of the growing disintegration of the existing world order. Building a new order is based on the creation of regional coalitions of the countries that share common views on specific issues. Within the framework of BRICS, Russia and China have already taken measures towards own financial institutions as an alternative source of funding. The leaderships of both countries believe that emerging economies should have a greater voice and representation in international financial institutions. Their primary interest is the reform of the International Monetary Fund so that it...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'New institutionalism theory'

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