Academic literature on the topic 'New Lanark Establishment'

Relevés of communities (94 in total) with shrub willows — Salix glauca, S. lanata, S. phylicifolia, and tree-like willows — S. viminalis, S. dasyclados were made in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (11 sites, Fig. 1). Six new associations and one community type are described in 2 alliances — Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicion glaucae Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2021 and Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis all. nov. (Tables 1–4). The alliance Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicion glaucae unites herb and herb-moss willow scrubs (predominantly with Salix glauca, S. lanata) in lakeside depressions, runoff troughs, the slopes of hills on watersheds, slopes of bedrock terraces, above-floodplain terraces and occasionally flooded floodplains in river valleys. The range of this alliance is the plain tundra in the East European and Siberian sectors of the Arctic. Associations Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicetum lanatae Zanokha ex Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2021, Triseto sibirici–Salicetum glaucae Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2021 and Climacio dendroidis–Salicetum lanatae Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2021 were earlier described on Taymyr Peninsula, Kolguev and Vaygach Islands (Lavrinenko, Lavrinenko, 2021). New associations Chamaepericlymeno suecici–Salicetum glaucae, Geo rivalis–Salicetum glaucae, Hylocomio splendentis–Salicetum glaucae are described in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Table 1). Some communities of the associations Dicrano majoris–Salicetum lanatae Khitun in Telyatnikov et al. 2021 and Calliergono cordifolii–Salicetum lanatae Khitun in Telyatnikov et al. 2021, described on the Tazovskiy and Gydanskiy Peninsulas (Telyatnikov et al., 2021a and b) can be attributed to this alliance. However, the decisions for both these associations need to be revision (see Table 5). The characteristic species of the alliance Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicion glaucae were confirmed and clarifed. The phi-coefficient values for them are in the range 84.7–42.3 (Table 6). A new order of the same name is proposed for the willow scrubs of this alliance. Order Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicetalia glaucae ord. nov. Herb and herb-moss willow scrubs with Salix glauca and S. lanata in the plain tundra in the East European and Siberian sectors of the Arctic. Nomenclature type (holotypus): alliance Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicion glaucae Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko 2021 (Lavrinenko, Lavrinenko, 2021: 99). Differentiating species combination: Salix glauca, S. lanata; Bistorta vivipara, Petasites frigidus, Poa arctica, Polemonium acutiflorum, Ranunculus propinquus, Rubus chamaemorus, Valeriana capitata; Hylocomium splendens. Constant taxa: Achillea millefolium, Cardamine pratensis subsp. angustifolia, Chrysosplenium alternifolium subsp. sibiricum, Equisetum arvense s. l., Poa pratensis s. l., Rubus arcticus, Veratrum lobelianum, Viola biflora; Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Sanionia uncinata. Habitats. Intrazonal biotopes on watersheds (lakeside depressions, runoff troughs, hillsides), slopes of high river terraces, above-floodplain terraces and rarely flooded parts of floodplains in river and stream valleys. Willow scrubs from tree-like (Salix dasyclados, S. viminalis) and shrub (Salix lanata, S. phylicifolia) species, occupying the near-channel part of the floodplains of large and small rivers, channels and oxbows and experiencing regular flooding, are described in the southern tundra, northern forest-tundra and in the Pechora River delta. For such willow scrubs we have described a new alliance Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis in order Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958 and class Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958. Alliance Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis all. nov. Tall grass-herb willow scrubs (Salix dasyclados, S. lanata, S. phylicifolia, S. viminalis) in riparian habitats in the southern tundra, forest-tundra and northern taiga in the European North of Russia. Nomenclature type (holotypus): ass. Senecioni nemorensis–Saliсetum viminalis ass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 19–25; Table 4, syntaxon 19). Characteristic species: Salix viminalis and Veronica longifolia (the same species of class Salicetea purpureae and order Salicetalia purpureae), Aconitum septentrionale, Adoxa moschatellina, Calamagrostis purpurea s. l., Filipendula ulmaria, Galium boreale, Lamium album, Myosotis palustris, Ranunculus repens and Vicia cracca (phi-coefficient varies from 77.7 to 47.6) (Table 6). Apparently, Salix dasyclados, with which one syntaxon has been described, can also be attributed to these. Constant species: Equisetum arvense s. l. (often dominant or codominant), Poa pratensis s. l., Veratrum lobelianum, Viola biflora. Habitats. Near the riverbed and central parts of the floodplain of large and small rivers, alluvial soils under conditions of regular flooding. Those willow scrubs are classified as 3 new associations and one community type: Vicio sepium–Salicetum lanatae, Senecioni nemorensis–Saliсetum viminalis, Bromopsio inermis–Salicetum viminalis, Calamagrostis purpurea–Salix dasyclados (Table 2). Floristically close communities are described in the floodplain of the Pechora River in the northern taiga (Shushpannikova, 1996), so we expanded the Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis range to this subzone. Further south the alliance Salicion triandrae T. Müller et Görs 1958 from the same order and class is widespread. Communities of Salicion triandrae occupy riparian habitats in the middle and southern taiga subzones (Taran, 1999; Vasilevich, 2009) and in the nemoral zone of Europe (Neuhäuslová et al., 2013; Mucina et al., 2016). The results of DCA-ordination confirm the correctness of the alliances Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicion glaucae and Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis establishment (Fig. 14). Ass. Carici stantis–Salicetum phylicifoliae ass. nov. (Table 3) unites willow scrubs (Salix glauca, S. lanata и S. phylicifolia) swamp-herb (Comarum palustre, Epilobium palustre, Equisetum fluviatile, Eriophorum angustifolium, Menyanthes trifoliata)–sedge (Carex aquatilis subsp. stans). If focusing on the composition of the lower layers, the place of association will undoubtedly be in the class Scheuchzerio palustris–Caricetea nigrae Tx. 1937, since most of the listed species are characteristic for it or for the order Caricetalia nigrae Koch 1926. However, the presence of rather tall and highly closed shrub layer, which determines the structure and physiognomy of communities, calls into question their attribution to mire. For the time being, we leave such communities outside the higher units. Differences in the floristic composition of the syntaxa in the East European tundras, in the mountainous Fennoscandia (Salicion phylicifoliae Dierssen 1992) and Chukotka (Aulacomnio turgidi–Salicion glaucae Sinelnikova 2001 (2009) and Saussureo oxyodontae–Salicion Sekretareva 2001 all. prov.) are significant (Table 4), which is clearly demonstrated be the results of cluster analysis (Fig. 15). Syntaxa of another northern alliance — Geranio albiflorum–Salicion Sekretareva 2011, described in Polar Ural, are joined in one cluster with the willow scrubs of the alliance Galio borealis–Salicion viminalis (Fig. 15). We have not assigned to any class the new order Polemonio acutiflorum–Salicetalia glaucae ord. nov., as opposed to Salicetalia glauco-lanatae Bœuf et al. ex Mucina et Daniёls in Mucina et al. 2016 (subarctic and boreal herbrich willow scrubs and birch krummholz of the Holarctic), placed in the class Betulo carpaticae–Alnetea viridis Rejmánek ex Bœuf, Theurillat, Willner, Mucina et Simler in Bœuf et al. 2014 (subalpine and subarctic herb-rich alder and willow scrubs and krummholz of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Northern Europe and Greenland). We believe that for the willow scrubs of the tundra zone a revision of all the accumulated data and description of a new class are required.

This landmark volume presents vivid and intimate portraits of Palestinian Presidents Yasser Arafat and Mahmoud Abbas, revealing the impact these different personalities have had on the struggle for national self-determination. Arafat and Abbas lived in Palestine as young children. Uprooted by the 1948 war, they returned in 1994 to serve as the first and second presidents of the Palestinian Authority, the establishment of which has been the Palestine Liberation Organization’s greatest step towards self-determination for the Palestinian nation. Both Arafat and Abbas were shaped by earlier careers in the PLO, and each adopted their own controversial leadership methods and decision-making styles. Drawing on primary sources in Arabic, Hebrew and English, Klein gives special attention to the lesser-known Abbas: his beliefs and his disagreements with Israeli and American counterparts. The book uncovers new details about Abbas’ peace talks and US foreign policy towards Palestine, and analyses the political evolution of Hamas and Abbas’ succession struggle. Klein also highlights the tension between the ageing leader and his society. Arafat and Abbas offers a comprehensive and balanced account of the Palestinian Authority’s achievements and failures over its twenty-five years of existence. What emerges is a Palestinian nationalism that refuses to disappear.

How did the affliction we now know as insanity move from a religious phenomenon to a medical one? How did social class, gender, and ethnicity affect the experience of mental trauma and the way psychiatrists diagnosed and treated patients? In answering these questions, this important volume mines the rich and unusually detailed records of one of Germany's first modern insane asylums, the Eberbach Asylum in the duchy of Nassau. It is a book on the historical relationship between madness and modernity that both builds upon and challenges Michel Foucault's landmark work on this topic, a bold study that gives generous consideration to madness from the patient's perspective while also shedding new light on sexuality, politics, and antisemitism in nineteenth-century Germany. Drawing on the case records of several hundred asylum patients, Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness reconstructs the encounters of state officials and medical practitioners with peasant madness and deviancy during a transitional period in the history of both Germany and psychiatry. As author Ann Goldberg explains, this era witnessed the establishment of psychiatry as a legitimate medical specialty during a time of social upheaval, as Germany underwent the shift toward a capitalist order and the modern state. Focusing on such "illnesses" as religious madness, nymphomania, and masturbatory insanity, as well as the construct of Jewishness, she probes the daily encounters in which psychiatric categories were applied, experienced, and resisted within the settings of family, village, and insane asylum. The book is a model of microhistory, breaking new ground in the historiography of psychiatry as it synthetically applies approaches from "the history of everyday life," anthropology, poststructuralism, and feminist studies. In contrast to earlier, anecdotal studies of "the asylum patient," Goldberg employs diagnostic patterns to illuminate the ways in which madness--both in psychiatric practice and in the experience of patients--was structured by gender, class, and "race." She thus examines both the social basis of rural mental trauma in the Vormärz and the political and medical practices that sought to refashion this experience. This study sheds light on a range of issues concerning gender, religion, class relations, ethnicity, and state-building. It will appeal to students and scholars of a number of disciplines.

AbstractMinister of Health Enoch Powell’s Hospital Plan for England and Wales (1962) is a familiar landmark in twentieth-century psychiatry.1 In 1961 Powell’s ‘water tower’ speech to the National Association of Mental Health eloquently launches the ideas contained within the plan.2 It is an evocative portrayal of asylums as grand, obsolete monuments to Victorian ideas of mental-health care. There is much historiographical focus upon how the plan augurs the scaling back of mental inpatient provision, but much less on how it signals the broader uptake of a new model of integration between psychiatry and general medicine. This model, based upon the establishment of psychiatric units in district general hospitals (DGHs), involves a more intimate connection between general hospitals and psychiatry than do observation wards. The DGH psychiatric units promoted by the plan undercut the progressive status and bridging function of the observation ward.

The aim of this study is to define a virtual journey into the vast repertoire of images and representations realized as a result of the measuring operations of the Vitelleschi Palace. The chapter will provide detailed informations about the history of the Palace, together with a deep investigation of its building phases, conducted through both the analysis of historical graphic documentation and the performing of a new architectural survey. The field of architectural survey, in recent decades, has undergone profound transformations made possible by the introduction and establishment of new instruments that have sped up the acquisition times and increased the amount of data collected with a high automation of measuring operations. The centuries-old building, product of many stratifications that occurred over time, are the examples that best of all offer themselves to these procedures of investigation. In this sense, the Vitelleschi Palace, authentic architectural masterpiece whose facades witness the period of transition between different architectural addresses, is a landmark case.

In June 1993, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) joined with the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Office of AIDS Research (OAR), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to host a conference at a pivotal time in the HIV/AIDS epidemic to understand better the information needs of five major constituency groups: clinical researchers; clinical providers; news media and the public; patients; and the affected community. NLM’s director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D., and staff sought to identify new program possibilities benefitting from the input of current and potential users of the Library’s information services. Conference recommendations led to a key NLM policy change providing cost-free access to all AIDS data, and the establishment of the HIV/AIDS Community Information Outreach Program (ACIOP), which enabled new partnerships with local community-based organizations serving the affected community. Uniquely funded and long running, more than 300 ACIOP projects have been supported to-date. These projects have improved awareness and use of national HIV/AIDS information resources; enhanced information seeking skills; developed locally generated information resources; and enhanced the capacity of community-based organizations to use new information and computer technologies providing access to essential information resources and services.

Chapter 1 presents a first-person account of the discovery of the Salvator Mundi, from its appearance as a copy at an American auction to its establishment as the lost original painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Robert Simon presents a chronological account of his involvement with the acquisition, research, conservation, and scholarly verification of the work over the period from 2005 to 2011, when the painting was included in the landmark exhibition at the National Gallery, Leonardo da Vinci Painter at the Court of Milan. The modern provenance of the painting is reviewed, focusing on its tenure in the Cook Collection of Richmond, its sale in 1958, and its reappearance in New Orleans. The conservation of the painting by Dianne Dwyer Modestini is discussed, as well as the research process, and the introduction of the painting to art historians, Leonardo specialists, the press, and, eventually, the public.

This chapter discusses the Legislative Council of the Gold Coast Colony's enactment of a law designed to replace the practice of burying the dead within their houses with that of burying them in modern, Western-style cemeteries. It explains the advantages of cemetery burial, which was a landmark in the bureaucratization of death on the Gold Coast and the beginning of a fundamental shift in the dominion of the dead. The outlawing of intramural burial and the establishment of regulated public cemeteries can be seen to represent the same transition that scholars have identified in the history of death in the West: the moment when the dead's long-established cohabitation with the living in the space of human culture was ended by their forcible relocation to the edge of town. The chapter considers how this development played out on the late nineteenth-century Gold Coast with respect to a crucial element in Philippe Ariès's notion of 'modern' death and Thomas W. Laqueur's of a 'new regime' of the dead: the legally enforced disposal of mortal remains in ordered, purpose-built and communal cemeteries.

Abstract Post–Café Society, the Dixie Hummingbirds got back to business working out of Philadelphia. They were well known in the city from taking part in overseas broadcasts to the troops and performing on flatbed trucks to promote war bonds or donations of old records to be melted for shellac. Their schedule of local broadcasts and appearances continued; a highlight was concert productions staged as “song battles” between the Hummingbirds and top groups passing through the city. The Hummingbirds were instrumental in transforming the city's uptown Metropolitan Opera House into “the Met,” a high-capacity venue for gospel programs. Landmark anniversaries were celebrated with the Hummingbirds organizing and headlining showcases of the best national and regional gospel talent. Beachey Thompson of Baltimore’s Willing Four came to the group's attention at one of these showcases, and in 1944, he joined the Hummingbirds lineup. There had been no record releases since 1939, and the Hummingbirds were pursuing options. Opportunities were rife with the establishment of numerous independent labels in the years following the war. The first new sides were released on the Newark-based Regis/Manor label. Then in 1946 they released eighteen tracks on the New York City–based Apollo label. When label owners pressured them to go secular, the Hummingbirds moved on to Philadelphia-based Gotham Records, newly acquired by Ivin Ballen, who also mentored Ira Tucker as an arranger, songwriter, and producer.

Relying on modern means, the objectivization of the essential characteristics of strikes in relation to fighter's stances can provide elements able to lead, on the one hand, to their efficiency in the improvement process and, on the other hand, to the establishment of some basic technical elements incorporated into the learning algorithm. Hypothesis: Plantar pressure determines the strike efficiency. Objectives: To determine the relation among the fighting stances, strikes, plantar pressure and the execution speed within a checking experiment using one single group of subjects. Subjects: The research included 10 performance athletes (males) aged 21 to 24 years old. Initially, they were part of a sample made up of 35 subjects. Among the selection criteria (others than age), we mention the following: performance level, weight class and urban/rural provenance. Methods: The characteristics of our research required us to use the basic methods: observation method, questionnaire-based inquiry method, conversation method, test method, computerized method, statistical-mathematical method, but also the Pedar-X plantar pressure measurement system. Among the measures valorizing the plantar pressure, we mention: maximum pressures, mean pressures, aria. Results: The device software can emphasize, at the display level, the following elements: plantar print, pressure distribution on each of the insole sensors, 3-D pressure distribution, 2-D pressure distribution, gate analysis etc. Conclusions: The device used in our research (Pedar-X) allowed us to emphasize technical aspects extremely important to the field of motor activities, which can be implemented both in the learning initial stage and in the performance stage (by correcting the technical elements). An appropriate stance determines an appropriate plantar pressure, respectively an increased speed potential concretized in an increased efficiency. Plantar pressure becomes thus a technical landmark which determines the possibility to perform at an increased speed potential. The obtained results validate our research hypothesis and reject the statistical (null) hypothesis, a fact that compels us to extend to other technical aspects some studies which can prefigure new perspectives in the performance athletes' training.