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Journal articles on the topic '"New Ottomans"'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Küçükkalay, Mesud. "Imports to Smyrna between 1794 and 1802: New Statistics from the Ottoman Sources." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 3 (2008): 487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x317798.

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AbstractThis study is based on the foreign customs registers of the port of Smyrna in the Ottoman Archives of Istanbul. In this paper 115 ports, 112 ships, 2859 pieces of goods, and 1273 merchants have been investigated for the period 1794-1802. This information indicates that the transformation of the Ottoman Foreign trade at the turn of the eighteenth century was linked to the following economic trends of the second half of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth centuries: the emergence of the European supremacy in naval transportation, a change in the terms of trade that was di

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Peçe, Uğur Z. "The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan's Army, 1908–1912." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 3 (2020): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000392.

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AbstractWith the reinstatement of the parliament in 1908, the Ottoman state faced new challenges connected to citizenship. As a policy to finally make citizens equal in rights as well as duties, military conscription figured prominently in this new context. For the first time in Ottoman history, the empire's non-Muslims began to be drafted en masse. This article explores meanings of imperial citizenship and equality through the lens of debates over the conscription of Greek Ottomans, the largest non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the widespread suggestion of the Turkis

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Hickok, Michael Robert. "A. L. MACFIE, The End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1923, Turning Points, vol. 1 (New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998). Pp. 258. $17.95 paper, $75 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (2000): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002403.

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The mystery of the Ottoman Empire is not that it ended but that it lasted as long as it did. The End of the Ottoman Empire is the first book in a new Longman series under the editorial direction of Keith Robbins to examine key “turning points” in the history of the emergence of the modern world. Positioning the Ottomans' final moments within the context of a world-history approach is a worthy goal. Moreover, scholars in the discipline have recently been discussing the need to develop texts to expose the Ottoman experience to a broader audience. Macfie attempts to make this connection by relati

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Saleh, Ahmed. "The Ottoman Empire’s Struggle Against European Powers (Austria – Russia as a Case Study, 1740-1792)." International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts 4, no. 4 (2025): 79–110. https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2025.v4n4p4.

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The Ottoman Empire directed its full weight toward military and combat development, equipping the army and building warships. It appears that the vast responsibilities and the expansion of their territories necessitated this effort, or that the very formation of their state was inherently military. However, by 1740, the Ottoman Empire experienced a significant decline in civilizational progress, enduring a prolonged period of stagnation and cultural inertia, while its rivals—chiefly Austria and Russia—began surpassing it in scientific and military advancements. Over time, European developments

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Fleet, Kate. "The treaty of 1387 between Murād I and the Genoese." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 1 (1993): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00001646.

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The aim of this article is to present a new edition, translation and commentary of the treaty concluded in 1387 between the Ottoman ruler Murād I (1362–1389) and the Comune of Genoa. As the only known extant fourteenth-century treaty between the Ottomans and a western city state, the treaty is of considerable importance for early Ottoman history, a period for which contemporary Turkish sources are scant.

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Ahmed, Yakoob. "Muhammad Husayn Na’ini, Caught between Empires and Nations." Archiv orientální 91, no. 3 (2024): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.3.423-445.

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Ayatollah Mirza Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Na’ini was an Iranian Shia-alim born in Nain, Iran, to a respected scholarly family. He completed his training in religious studies in Iran before moving to the provinces of Ottoman Iraq to study under the famous usuli scholars Mirza Muhammad Hasas Shirazi in Samara and Akhund Mullah Muhammad Kazim Khurasani in Najaf. In Ottoman Iraq, Na’ini then wrote his renowned work on Islamic constitutionalism during the regional revolutionary period in 1909. In 1911, Na’ini supported the call for Muslim unity with the Sunnis of the Ottoman Empire as Italy invaded L

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Zhigalova, Natal’ia Eduardovna. "Mustafa Celebi vs Murad II: The Interference of Byzantium in the Dynastic Feuds of the Ottomans." Античная древность и средние века 51 (2023): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2023.51.023.

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This article researches political activities of the son of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (1389–1402) Mustafa Celebi, supported by the Byzantine Emperors Manuel II and John VIII Palaiologoi in the internecine war with Sultan Murad II (1421–1444, 1446–1451). The materials of Byzantine, Ottoman, and Venetian sources provide the background to analyze the degree of participation of the Byzantine basilei in the intradynastic affairs of the Ottomans, the reasons leading to the Byzantine support for Mustafa, and the consequences of the Ottoman internecine war for the Byzantine state. The study undertak

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Budak, Samet. "The Conquests of Adrianople by the Turks: Reflections on the Ottoman Expansion in Thrace." Der Islam 99, no. 2 (2022): 552–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0020.

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Abstract This article is an attempt to construct a new approach to and narrative of early Ottoman conquests in Thrace in the 1360s and 1370s. It argues that the so-called second capital of the Ottomans, Adrianople (Edirne), was conquered three times through a detailed evaluation of known, neglected, or unknow sources. The second conquest was almost certainly by frontier lords who conquered the city for their own interests. At the same time, the article challenges the unilinear rise paradigm within the Ottoman studies. It showcases that, in the given period, the political arena between Ottomans

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Khater, Akram, and Jeffrey Culang. "EDITORIAL FOREWORD." International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 2 (2015): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381500001x.

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This issue opens with two articles that explore “Ottoman Belonging” during two significant moments bookending the Ottoman past. The first of these moments is the Ottoman Empire's incorporation of Arab lands after its defeat of the Mamluk Sultanate in 1515–17; the second is the emergence of Ottoman imperial citizenship in the period between the 1908 Constitutional Revolution and World War I, which precipitated the empire's collapse. Helen Pfeifer's article, “Encounter after the Conquest: Scholarly Gatherings in 16th-Century Ottoman Damascus,” traces the intellectual component of the Ottoman Emp

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Cole, Juan. "British policy towards the Iraqi Shiites during the First World War." Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 15, no. 3 (2021): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00055_1.

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With the British attack on Ottoman Iraq during the First World War, London and New Delhi focused on the country’s Shiites, imagining that they could incorporate the Shiite centres of authority into British India. The Iraqi Shiites were an object of competition between the Sunni Ottomans and the Christian British. During the war, 1914‐18, British generals and administrators deployed a series of images of Iraqi Shiite Muslims, from pragmatic and likely willing to cooperate with a powerful and triumphant empire, to hopelessly irredentist. During the war I argue that officials deployed a set of im

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Mustapha, Fadhilah, and Maisarah Hasbullah. "KEMASUKAN SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI DARI BARAT KE DALAM KERAJAAN UTHMANIYYAH PADA ABAD KE-18 DAN ABAD KE-19: SATU PENILAIAN SEJARAH." SEJARAH 30, no. 1 (2021): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no1.2.

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The Ottoman Empire known as a great and longest lasting Islamic empire. It began to face great threats fromthe west during the 17th century. Beginning with the defeat to Vienna in 1683, the Ottomans lost many of their territories in several wars. Recognizing the rising power of the west, several efforts were taken in order to reinforce the empire's strength. One of the step is via transmission of science and technology from the west to the empire. This study is using qualitative method based on literature review, interviews and field studies conducted in Turkey aimed at understanding how the p

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Ranđelović, Milan. "The toponyms of Ottoman Niš: The new barracks at Bubanj Hill." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 54, no. 3 (2024): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp54-48726.

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The paper deals with the history and analysis of the conditions which led to the construction of one of the last barracks built in Niš by the Ottomans, only a decade and a half before they lost this city in a war against the Principality of Serbia (1878). As the New Barracks were purpose-built as a long-term solution and strategically positioned at the foot of Bubanj Hill, the paper also highlights the importance which this Ottoman military complex had as a city toponym for the development of the urban physiognomy of Niš in the decades after 1878. Various sources were used in the research, inc

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Hathaway, Jane. "The Military Household in Ottoman Egypt." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 1 (1995): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800061572.

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For over 350 years, Egypt was the largest province of the Ottoman Empire, which had captured it from the Mamluk sultanate in 1517. It is well known that the Ottomans retained key Mamluk usages, above all in subprovincial administration, and that a number of the defeated Mamluks who were willing to cooperate with the new regime were allowed to join the Ottoman administration. In consequence, a number of practices of the Mamluk sultanate survived the Ottoman conquest. Critical administrative offices such as those of pilgrimage commander (amīr al-ḥajj), treasurer (daftardār), and deliverer of the

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Mehdiyev, E. T. ""NEO-OTTOMANISM" IN THE REGIONAL POLICY OF TURKEY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(47) (April 28, 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-2-47-32-39.

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The article is devoted to the ideology of Turkey's foreign policy. The term "neo-Ottomanism" is increasingly used in recent years in relation to the Turkish foreign policy. The concept of neo-Ottomanism, which ideology is the Prime Minister Davutoglu, implies a relationship of foreign policy of modern Turkey with the historical heritage of the Ottomans and its focus on return "last Ottoman", taking into account today's realities. The author examines this phenomenon in the context of the regional policy of Turkey in this period. The main directions of the strategy of neo are the Middle East, No

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Greene, Molly. "Commerce and the Ottoman Conquest of Kandiye." New Perspectives on Turkey 10 (1994): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600000868.

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The Ottoman-Venetian war for the island of Crete in the middle of the 17th century (1645-1669) was in some ways an anachronistic struggle. The era of imperial struggle in the Mediterranean had come to a close in 1578 when the Portuguese army, assisted by Spain, was defeated at Alcazar in Morocco by the army of the Ottoman protégé, Abd al-Malik. The Ottoman victory was followed by a Spanish-Ottoman truce signed in 1580 which, though it seemed tentative at the time, ushered in a long period of peace in the Mediterranean region. The Spanish acquiesced to Ottoman control of North Africa and turned

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Shehada, Ziad M. "The Influence of Ottoman Empire on The Conservation of The Architectural Heritage in Jerusalem." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 10, no. 1 (2020): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i1.127-151.

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Abstract Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world. It was built by the Canaanites in 3000 B.C., became the first Qiblaof Muslims and is the third holiest shrine after Mecca and Medina. It is believed to be the only sacred city in the world that is considered historically and spiritually significant to Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike. Since its establishment, the city had been subjected to a series of changes as the result of political, economic and social developments that affected the architectural formation through successive periods from the beginning leading up to the Ottoman

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Taflı Düzgün, Hülya, and Haydar Akçadağ. "The Siege of Belgrade Through the Primary Sources of Latin, Middle English, and Turkish." IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 18 (June 22, 2025): 184–95. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1646820.

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While some historians regard Constantinople as a stronghold of Christendom and a successor to New Rome (Nova Roma), its conquest is often considered the most significant political and religious event for both the Latin West and the Orthodox East. In contrast, the siege of Belgrade has received only limited attention in primary sources written in Latin and Ottoman Turkish, despite being seen as a symbol of Christian resilience, an assertion of Christian superiority, and a strategic setback for the Ottomans. This episode also illustrates how the crusading spirit of the Latin West appeared to rev

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Kakhidze, Emzar, Kemal İbrahimzade, and Nadim Varshanidze. "Recent Archaeological and new written evidence on the Ottoman period fort of Gonio." Pro Georgia 33, no. 1 (2023): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.61097/12301604/pg33/2023/215-226.

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The Ottomans took away Gonio, the Roman/Byzantine fort of Apsarus, close to Batumi in 1547. Since this time Janissary garrison was stationed at the fort until 1878, when Gonio and all of Ajara became part of Russian Empire. The kiln for firing ceramic ware, magnificent specimens of glazed pottery and faience, pipes, lighters, details of harness, iron weapons (a halberd-type weapon, shots, a fragment of a big gun), remains of a many-towered building, a mosque, the bath with water-supply and stone-paved streets are dated to the Ottoman period. A mosque is the earliest stone construction of this

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Findley, Carter Vaughn. "Economic Bases of Revolution and Repression in the Late Ottoman Empire." Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 1 (1986): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500011853.

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Central to late Ottoman history is a series of events that marks a milestone in the emergence of modern forms of political thought and revolutionary action in the Islamic world. The sequence opened with the rise of the Young Ottoman ideologues (1865) and the constitutional movement of the 1870s. It continued with the repression of these forces under Abdülhamid 11 (1876–1909). It culminated with the resurgence of opposition in the Young Turk movement of 1889 and later, and especially with the revolution of 1908. Studied so far mostly in political and intellectual terms, the sequence seems well

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Paz, Omri. "Civil-Servant Aspirants: Ottoman Social Mobility in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 60, no. 4 (2017): 381–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341431.

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With the transition from a government led by the military-administrative ruling class to that managed by the civil-servant sector during the Tanzimat reforms, the socioeconomic nature of the Ottoman bureaucracy changed dramatically. Studies have tended to focus on the new civil servants educated in therüşdiye(state secondary schools), but poor, unskilled Ottomans seeking to improve their socioeconomic status found the newly established Ottoman police a vehicle to social mobility. A job as a policeman was one of the few these men could qualify for, allowing them to earn a steady income and rece

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Sönmez, Erdem. "Historical Writing in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire: Expansion, Islamization, and Nationalization (1839–1908)." Turkish Historical Review 13, no. 1-2 (2022): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10031.

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Abstract The nineteenth century was a period of profound transformation in Ottoman historical writing, as in other avenues of Ottoman cultural, intellectual, and socio-political life. Aiming to establish a general framework for nineteenth-century Ottoman historiography, the present article traces the evolution of late Ottoman historical writing and explores the ways in which Ottoman historiographical practices changed over the century. The article first focuses on the Tanzimat period and examines the process of what can be called historiographical expansion, which took place with the emergence

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Dr. Zahra Akram Hashmi and Samia Khalid. "The Ottoman Turks: Emergence of Muslim Polity during Thirteenth Century." Al-Qamar 3, no. 1 (2020): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.53762/q03h7p10.

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The inclusion of Turk element in the annals of Islamic history laid profound transitional impact on the course of ensuing period. The ottoman principality expanded from a tiny chiefdom to an empire with vast territories. This paper examines that how Turk chiefdoms emerged out of a political vacuum when Abbasid’s hold over the region slipped away and new political view rose. This new shift of power emerged and gradually included first the surrounding regions in the vicinity of the declining Eastern Roman Empire. This article purposes two perspectives; to trace the origin and mobilization of ott

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Đorđević, Petar. "PAX OTTOMANA – ADMINISTRATION, REGULATION AND SHARIA LAW OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE." Peščanik 22, no. 25 (2024): 235–49. https://doi.org/10.46793/pescanik25.235dj.

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The focus of this work named “Pax Ottomana” is to bring us closer and explain how the Ottoman empire functioned during 16th and 17th century – the period of which our research is focused on. Based on the fact that our own country was under the rule of Ottoman empire and that our authors are not usually focusing on how the rule looked like from the perspective of Ottomans the author of this work decided to bring us closed to the period of the Ottoman rule on these territories and on the global scene, a period which is known in new historiography as “Ottoman Peace”. Ottoman state in this time wa

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Bolaños, Isacar A. "THE OTTOMANS DURING THE GLOBAL CRISES OF CHOLERA AND PLAGUE: THE VIEW FROM IRAQ AND THE GULF." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 4 (2019): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000667.

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AbstractThe cholera and plague pandemics of the 19th and early 20h centuries shaped Ottoman state-building and expansionist efforts in Iraq and the Gulf in significant ways. For Ottoman officials, these pandemics brought attention to the possible role of Qajar and British subjects in spreading cholera and plague, as well as the relationship between Iraq's ecology and recurring outbreaks. These developments paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman health institutions, such as quarantines, and the emergence of new conceptions of public health in the region. Specifically, quarantines proved ins

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Şahin, Kaya. "Staging an Empire: An Ottoman Circumcision Ceremony as Cultural Performance." American Historical Review 123, no. 2 (2018): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.2.463.

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Abstract This article discusses an Ottoman circumcision ceremony for three princes held in the summer of 1530. The event stemmed from a new Ottoman court ceremonial, and its sundry activities, including gift exchanges, mock battles, processions, skills demonstrations, and feasts, were spread over a twenty-day period. These activities enabled individuals and groups within the Ottoman political-military elite, and within the city of Constantinople, to perform their identities and assert their place in the Ottoman social order. The ceremony allows us to discuss the origins and contents of Ottoman

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Rubin, Avi. "British Perceptions of Ottoman Judicial Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century: Some Preliminary Insights." Law & Social Inquiry 37, no. 04 (2012): 991–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01293.x.

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Ottomans founded a new court system, the Nizamiye courts, as part of an empire-wide ambitious project of judicial and administrative reform, which involved legal transplantation from the French model. The institutional evolution of these courts was completed with elaborate legislation introduced in 1879. This article explores British consular and diplomatic accounts dispatched in the immediate aftermath of the 1879 reforms in an attempt to assess the value of these reports for understanding the passage of Ottoman law to modernity. Comparison of

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Dakic, Uros. "‘The ‘Ulema’s perception of Ottoman Grand Viziers of Bosnian origin - the example of The Garden of Viziers, the first Ottoman biographical work on Ottoman Grand Viziers." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 89 (2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif2389051d.

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The Ottoman state was a society in which different religions, languages and ethnicities coexisted throughout its whole history. With this regard, cosmopolitism and tolerance in the Ottoman Empire are a topic often spoken of in the literature related to it. In this work, some ethnic-based dissonant tones present within the Ottoman ruling military-administrative class are brought up. The article suggests that there existed ethnic intolerance which members of ?ulem?, the Ottoman learned class, as ?old Muslims? of Turkish origin, expressed toward grand viziers ?new Muslims? and ?new Ottomans? beca

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Poulton, Hugh. "The Muslim Experience in the Balkan States, 1919–19911." Nationalities Papers 28, no. 1 (2000): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990050002452.

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During the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire retreated from the Balkans, and underwent a steady decline culminating in its final demise in the early part of the twentieth century. Sizeable communities of Muslims, derived both from those who had arrived with the Ottomans and from indigenous inhabitants who had converted to Islam, remained in the new successor states of southeast Europe. With the exception of Albania, where the Muslims formed the majority of the population, these communities became established as minorities within the new states. Upheld as ethno-national states each based o

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Ben-Aryeh Debby, Nirit. "Crusade Propaganda in Word and Image in Early Modern Italy: Niccolò Guidalotto’s Panorama of Constantinople (1662)*." Renaissance Quarterly 67, no. 2 (2014): 503–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677409.

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AbstractThe focus of this article is a vast seventeenth-century panorama of Constantinople, which is an exceptional drawing of the city, currently displayed at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art. The panorama is an elaborate piece of anti-Ottoman propaganda designed by the Franciscan friar Niccolò Guidalotto da Mondavio. Guidalotto also prepared a large manuscript, held in the Vatican Library, which details the panorama’s meaning and the motivation behind its creation. It depicts the city as seen from across the Golden Horn in Galata, throwing new light on both the city and the relationships between t

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Abduzhemilev, Refat R. ""The summary of the Crimea`s history" from its origins, under the Abbasids, to Mengli Geray (870/1465). Part 2." Crimean Historical Review, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2021.2.199-210.

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Recently, a new source on the history of Crimean Khanate and the Golden Horde has received open access for the scientific world. The digitized manuscript is dated 1701 and has the title “Résumé de l’histoire de Crimée” des origines, sous les Abbassides, à Mengli Giray (870/1465) (“The summary of the Crimea’s history” from its origins, under the Abbasids, to Mengli Geray, 870/1465). The location of the manuscript is the University Library of Languages and Civilizations (Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilizations). The source is presented in the collection of the Ottoman Turkish m

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Abduzhemilev, Refat R. "The summary of the Crimea`s history from its origins, under the Abbasids, to Mengli Geray (870/1465). Part 1." Crimean Historical Review, no. 1 (June 2021): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2021.1.220-227.

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Recently, a new source on the history of Crimean Khanate and the Golden Horde has received open access for the scientific world. The digitized manuscript is dated 1701 and has the title “Résumé de l’histoire de Crimée” des origines, sous les Abbassides, à Mengli Giray (870/1465) (“The summary of the Crimea’s history” from its origins, under the Abbasids, to Mengli Geray, 870/1465). The location of the manuscript is the University Library of Languages and Civilizations (Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilizations). The source is presented in the collection of the Ottoman Turkish m

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Kutlay, Evren. "A Historical Case of Anglo-Ottoman Musical Interactions: The English Autopiano of Sultan Abdulhamid II." European History Quarterly 49, no. 3 (2019): 386–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691419854922.

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Initiated by Queen Elizabeth I upon sending the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed III an organ, Anglo-Ottoman music-historical relations date back to the sixteenth century. Such interactions continued during the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order) period of the eighteenth century and became more frequent in the nineteenth century, during the modernization movement of the Ottomans. After the establishment of the Muzıka-yı Hümâyûn (The Imperial Music School), the Ottoman Empire began to import many European musical instruments, including pianos, to Ottoman lands. To this end, some English piano manufacturers became t

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Makaradze, Emzar, and Beka Makaradze. "Foreign Policy Issues of the Republic of Turkey and the United States in the Period after the End of the Cold War until the 2020." Historia i Polityka, no. 46 (53) (November 15, 2023): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.034.

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At the beginning of the 21st century, in 2002, a new political era began with the arrival of Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the Islam-oriented Justice and Development Party (AKP) at the head of the Republic of Turkey, which was gradually followed by changes in both foreign and domestic policy of the country. The main ideologist of modern Turkey’s foreign policy is one of the founders of the Justice and Development Party and Erdogan’s ally, former Foreign Minister and Prime Minister Professor Ahmet Davutoglu, who outlined the strategic priorities of Turkey’s foreign policy in his pioneering wor

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Mehling, Lara. "The Irony of Imperial Decorative Styles: The Role of Diversity in the Production of Unified Cultural Identities in the Ottoman Empire and France, c. 1500–1700." DIYÂR 3, no. 2 (2022): 190–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2625-9842-2022-2-190.

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At the height of their classical period, the Ottomans drew the regional landscape indoors, making West Asian flowers the symbols of their most coveted objects. By the mid-sixteenth century, they had synthesized a great stylistic and horticultural inheritance from across the arid Anatolian and Iranian Plateaus in the production of a new imperial identity. Ironically, this unified cultural expression benefitted from the transnational artistic exchange that took place at the naḳḳāşḫāne (kārḫāne-i naḳḳāşān, the imperial court workshop) in the first half of the sixteenth century following the immig

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Papastathis, Konstantinos. "Christian-Muslim Encounters: George of Trebizond and the ‘Inversion’ of Eastern Discourse regarding Islam in the Fifteenth Century." Studies in Church History 51 (January 2015): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400050154.

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The capture of Constantinople (1453) by the Ottoman troops of Mehmed II was a historical turning point. The political reference point of Eastern Christianity was now in Muslim hands, the Ottomans representing in the eyes of late medieval Europeans not only an enemy of the true faith, and as such an obstacle for ecclesiastical unity, but also a potential rival of the papacy as a political power. In short, within the contemporary context and the socially dominant apocalyptic frame of mind, the Ottomans were viewed as an existential threat for Christianity as a whole. While the papal reaction to

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Papatheodorou, Artemis. "Photography and other Media at the Service of Ottoman Archaeology." DIYÂR 1, no. 1 (2020): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2625-9842-2020-1-108.

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From its earliest days, photography was linked to material remains of the past. Western pioneers of the medium were attracted to photographing Ottoman lands, especially the land of the Pharaohs, and the Holy Land. The Ottomans also seized upon photography themselves, turning the lens upon monuments and artefacts within their own Empire. The literature on archaeological photography in the region has focused on European travel photography, and on the upper echelons of state officialdom. This article shifts attention to Ottoman bureaucracy, and to the societal level. It discusses the relationship

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LEMNY, Ştefan. "Istoria ca o poveste: Istoria Imperiului Otoman de Cantemir." Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi, s.n., Istorie 69 (2024): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/asui-2023-0006.

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A part of European culture since the 18th century, the “History of the Ottoman Empire” of Dimitrie Cantemir calls for a new reading, especially since the erudite historian Virgil Cândea discovered its original manuscript, which scholars have long sought. Beyond the historiographical value of the work as documentation and critical wit, its clear and flowing “story-like” writing illustrates the indissoluble link between history and storytelling mentioned by Paul Ricœur. It is easier to understand why, thanks to this condition, it did not pose too complicated problems of translation, easing the e

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Palabıyık, Mustafa Serdar. "International law for survival: teaching international law in the late Ottoman Empire (1859–1922)." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 78, no. 2 (2014): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x14001037.

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AbstractThis article analyses the teaching of international law in the late Ottoman Empire. It argues that the Ottomans were interested in teaching European international law to equip Ottoman bureaucrats with the skills necessary for evaluating and regulating the complex interrelation between the Ottoman Empire and the European states, to defend the vital interests of the Empire against European legal penetration via extraterritoriality, and to understand the legal basis of the European system of which the Empire had officially been accepted as a part by the European Great Powers since the con

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Ak, Murat. "Doğu-Batı İkileminde Bir Osmanlı Entelektüeli Ahmet Mithat Efendi'nin Batı'yı Tanıma Çabasına Bir Bakış." Marife 6, no. 3 (2006): 247–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3343743.

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Girişimci ruhu ve yazdığı çok sayıda eseriyle Ahmet Mithat Efendi Tanzimat Dönemi'nin önemli Osmanlı entelektüellerinden biridir. Avrupa seyahatiyle gözlemlediği Batı'yı maddî ve manevî zıtlıklar temelinde ele almış, maddî yönüyle etkilendiği Batı'yı manevî yönden tenkit etmiştir. Kendinden önceki Batı gözlemcilerinden daha sağlıklı sosyolojik bir bakış açısı geliştirmiştir. Maddî ve manevî kültür ayrımını Osmanlı için de mümkün gören Ahmet Mithat, geleneksel değerlerine bağlı modern bir Osmanlı idealiyle motive olmuştur.Batı'yı sosyolojik bir bakışın nesnesi haline getiren Ahmet Mithat, oksid

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Smirnov, Valerii. "Migration Processes in Ottoman Egypt in the 16th — 18th Centuries (Some Notes Concerning the Formation of Power Elites)." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015334-6.

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The author focused his research on the migration processes in the Nile valley in the 16th — 18th centuries, which had a significant impact on the formation of the political institutions in the largest of the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The inclusion of Egypt in the Ottoman imperial space was accompanied by a partial replacement of the former foreign ruling elite of the Mamluk meritocracy with a new one, in many respects similar to it. The balance of internal forces established by the Ottomans was held by the administrative apparatus headed by the Ottoman viceroy, the army corps (ojaq

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Zachariadou, †. Elizabeth A., and Charalambos Dendrinos. "New Evidence on the Saruhanid Dynasty." Turkish Historical Review 11, no. 2-3 (2021): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10012.

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Abstract The article offers new evidence on the Saruhanid succession in the fourteenth century in light of a short chronicle contained in a Greek manuscript housed in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, which records a hitherto unknown internal conflict that took place in 1383. This and similar historical evidence reflect the continuity of life of the Greek Orthodox communities under the Turcoman conquerors in a period marked by the increasing decline of Byzantine power and the rise of the Ottomans.

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Ahmed, Yasmine M., and Claire Panetta. "Rejecting the Ottomans, Revisiting the Mamluks." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 16, no. 2 (2023): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01602007.

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Abstract This article queries the sociopolitical implications of a wave of popular interest in the legacy of the Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) in post-2013 Egypt. Although the era’s sultans have traditionally been derided in mainstream culture as tyrannical ‘foreign’ leaders, they have recently been reframed as the last nationalist rulers before the Ottoman invasion. This revised characterization underpins the newfound fascination with their socio-political legacy, which has manifested in various cultural productions, including a new television series, Mamalik al-Nar (Kingdoms of Fire). In this a

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Can, Lâle, and Aimee M. Genell. "On Empire and Exception." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 3 (2020): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8747423.

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Abstract Were Ottoman autonomous provinces nation-states in the making or signs of a semicolonial and irredeemably weak empire? Or, were they evidence of alternative arrangements of imperial sovereignty? By taking a long view of Ottoman history and examining “exceptional” provinces such as the Khedivate of Egypt, the Sharifate of Mecca, and the mutasarrifiya of Mt. Lebanon, this reflection seeks to recast new and reorganized configurations of administrative power in the nineteenth century as part of a broad repertoire of Ottoman autonomy. In lieu of characterizing these territories as flawed o

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ERARSLAN, Alev. "The Change in Interior Design in 19th Century Ottoman Architecture. Art Nouveau Season Panels." Architecture Image Studies 4, no. 2 (2023): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.62754/ais.v4i2.77.

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With the start of the era of Westernization in Ottoman architecture at the beginning of the eighteenth century, Western architectural styles began to display a dominant influence in both facades and in interior decoration. The imported architectural styles from Europe were a cultural dynamic that steered a change in Ottoman architecture, continuing to impact design trends up until the end of the nineteenth century. Particularly with the advent of the era of Sultan Abdülhamit II (1876-1909), Ottoman architecture revealed imprints of the Neo- Classic, Neo-Baroque, Neo-Gothic, Orientalist, Eclect

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Enab, Mohamed, and Mohamed Metwalli. "A Study of Models of Ottoman Citadels on al-Tariq al-Sultani, between Medina and Mecca." Journal of Islamic Archaeology 11, no. 1 (2024): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jia.26817.

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al-Tariq al-Sultani, which connects Medina with Mecca, holds significant historical importance in Islamic history. This paper aims to shed light on this road, define it, identify its points and stations, and explore its historical significance. The Ottomans took great care of it as part of their interest in the Two Holy Mosques, strengthening and fortifying it. The paper also aims to study the citadel models built along the road, the reasons for their construction, and their importance. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the architectural styles and elements of the road, comparing them with oth

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Torun, M. Fatih. "Beyond Borders and Beasts: Exploring an Ottoman Traveler's Colonial Discourse and his Contribution to the Formation of Race in the Early Modern Period." Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 55, no. 1 (2024): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2024.a941937.

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Abstract: This article explores the extraordinary journey of Ilyas ibn Hanna al-Mawsuli (Reverend Ilyas/Elias), a late seventeenth-century Ottoman traveler, to the Spanish Americas. Spending eight years in the Spanish colonies with special permission from the Spanish court, Ilyas narrated remarkable experiences during his travels through the Caribbean, Venezuela, Peru, and New Spain. The article primarily focuses on this narrative as it relates to extraordinary encounters with fantastic beasts and creatures, and how these encounters contribute to emerging conceptions of race. It thus addresses

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Karamursel, Ceyda. "Transplanted Slavery, Contested Freedom, and Vernacularization of Rights in the Reform Era Ottoman Empire." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 3 (2017): 690–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000226.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the jurisdictional conflicts that emerged at the juncture of the transplanted legalities that followed the Caucasian expulsion in the 1850s and 1860s, the proclamation of the proto-constitution known as the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, and the internationally enforced ban on trading in African slaves in 1857. Starting with the Caucasian expulsion, it traces how legal practices were carried over with Caucasian refugees to the Ottoman domains and how the judicial management of slavery-related conflicts determined not only the limits of slavery, but also how such

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Evi, Psarrou. "The Effect of the Greek Enlightenment on the Greek Revolution and the position of the Eastern Orthodox Church." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 04, no. 09 (2021): 2537–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5526238.

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The present study aims to discuss the connection between the Modern Greek Enlightenment and the Greek Revolution. It reveals the decisive effect of this intellectual movement upon the Greek subjects of the Ottoman Empire supporting that the Greek Enlightenment contributed to the awakening of the Greeks who eventually revolted against the Ottomans establishing a new independent national state. Additionally this paper reveals the position of the Orthodox Church and its reaction towards the Enlightenment and moreover highlights certain actions taken by the Church against the Enlightenment thinker

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Gündüz, Güngör. "The dynamics of the rise and fall of empires." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 10 (2016): 1650123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116501230.

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The rise of empires can be elucidated by treating them as living organisms, and the celebrated Verhulst or Lotka–Volterra dynamics can be used to understand the growth mechanisms of empires. The fast growth can be expressed by an exponential function as in the case of Macedonian empire of the Alexander the Great whereas a sigmoidal growth can be expressed by power-law equation as in the case of Roman and Ottoman empires. The superpowers Russia and the USA follow somehow different mechanisms, Russia displays two different exponential growth behaviors whereas the USA follows two different power-

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Kadirovna, Bozorova Muslim. "HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW RENAISSANCE PEDAGOGY." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, no. 11 (2024): 112–16. https://doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-11-17.

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Prior to the age of exploration, exploding into life after Columbus’s westward journey across the Atlantic in 1492, a different exploration of an unknown world occurred after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. For well over a millennium, the Byzantine empire was the eastern stronghold of Christendom, paralleling the Roman church in the west. The Ottomans with superior military technology breached the walls of the famous imperial capital, simultaneously ending the Medieval assumption that Christendom was unassailable. Byzantine scholars seeking to protect the vast stores of manuscripts housed

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