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1
Lu, Qing, Mark Goh, Miti Garg, and Robert De Souza. "Remanufacturing in Asia: location choice and outsourcing." International Journal of Logistics Management 25, no. 1 (2014): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2012-0125.
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Purpose – Remanufacturing is a process whereby value from old products is recovered by replacing and recovering used components to bring such products to a new or like-new state. Today, both original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and third parties are engaged in remanufacturing activities, investing in many locations throughout Asia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons for initiating remanufacturing activities as well as the location determinants for the remanufacturing sector in Asia. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a multiple case study. Triangulation is applied to gain objective views from interviewing three OEMs, one logistics firm, and three local small enterprises. Real options theory is the theoretical lens used to examine the location choice of the OEMs. Findings – Firms engaged in remanufacturing tend to co-locate facilities with existing manufacturing facilities, and those investing in new sites for remanufacturing view the regulatory environment as the most important factor. OEMs tend to leverage on existing manufacturing facilities or third-party remanufacturers to reduce their cost of commitment when starting remanufacturing at new locations. Research limitations/implications – The sample size is still small for the generalization of the results. Further empirical study is needed to test the propositions from this paper. Practical implications – This paper could assist managers and decision makers in the multinational corporations to design appropriate logistics-related solutions for remanufacturing in Asia. Originality/value – The authors work contributes to the theory on remanufacturing location determinants. It shows that OEMs and third-party remanufacturers can have a collaborative relationship instead of the commonly assumed competitive one, which is currently not found in the literature.
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Bond, Jennifer Keeling, Dawn Thilmany, and Craig Bond. "What Influences Consumer Choice of Fresh Produce Purchase Location?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 1 (2009): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002558.
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There is evidence that consumers are increasingly purchasing food directly from local producers, but little is understood about which market-specific, intrinsic, extrinsic, and demographic attributes influence the probability of preferring to purchase fresh produce through direct-market channels. A multinomial logit model is used to analyze a national dataset of fresh produce consumers with a focus on exploring differences among those that prefer to purchase direct always, occasionally (seasonally and as a secondary source), and never. Results suggest that to increase patronage and loyalty of current customers, producers may emphasize the availability of fresh, superior, vitamin-rich, and locally-grown produce at market locations through booth displays, ads in magazines, radio spots, and electronic newsletters. To attract new customers who do not currently admit a preference for purchasing direct, producers may find greater success by locating in convenient-to-reach venues, showcasing a variety of colorful offerings, and working to enhance the overall aesthetic appeal of market locations.
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Vignesh Kandasamy, S., A. Madhu, P. K. Gupta, A. Niveditha, and K. Bordoloi. "LOCATION BASED ADVERTISING FOR MASS MARKETING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-189-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> GIS and machine learning (ML) are powerful ICT tools in retail industry which helps the sellers understand their markets. For the consumers, however, there always lies an ambiguity with respect to the quality and quantity of the product to be purchased, vis-à-vis the price paid for it. Most retail businesses today adopt “Discount Pricing Strategies” or “Offers” to make new customers and increase sales. Owing to several establishments selling the same product and offering a variety of offers, the process of identifying the shops where the consumer can get the best value for his money, requires a lot of manual effort. A prototype has been developed in this study to allow the consumers to locate such prospective shops based on advertisements in newspapers. This solution has a two-pronged approach. First, all the offers advertised in the newspaper are pre-processed and text extraction is performed using a ML algorithm named Tesseract OCR. Second the location of shops is collected and stored in a geodatabase. Finally, the advertisement is matched to the respective geo-located shop based on its name and location. Further based on the location of the consumer and his purchase choice, shops offering discounts are shown on a web based map. This prototype provides the consumer, a platform for geo-discovery of establishments of interest through the clutter of unrelated endorsements, by the use of Open Source GIS, Python programming and ML techniques.</p>
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Prabowo, Hartiwi, and Viona Viona. "Mengukur Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Citra Toko dan Kepercayaan Pelanggan di Toko Retail." Binus Business Review 1, no. 2 (2010): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v1i2.1088.
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An automobile spare parts shop at first having its sales increased. But, in 2008 the store experienced a significant decline in sales, so that the purpose of this study was to determine how much influence store image and customer trust on customer loyalty. This type of research is associative descriptive research. Data collection is conducted using questionnaires using Likert scales to 100 shop. Technical analysis is conducted using several techniques, which are Test Validity, Test Reliability, Test Normality, and Path Analysis. Results show that customer loyalty is influenced by greater consumer confidence than the image of the store. Therefore, PT Sloka Kencana Abadi must continue to improve the image of his shop by looking for a more strategic location making it easier to attract new customers, set prices according to the quality of the product and prices set by the competitor, maintain the quality of the product in the sense that the product is durable and free from damage, providing many choice of products making it easier for consumers to find the required product, and maintain these.
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Jürgens, Ulrich. "German Grocery Discounters: Dynamics and Regional Impact. the Case of Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 4 (2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0046.
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Abstract Grocery discount stores have long dominated developments in the German food retail sector, and they continue to grow. This paper discusses the reasons for this long-term success based on internal decision-making parameters such as price, adjustment of product range, choice of location, and size of new stores. The result is significant customer acceptance, but also adverse developments viewed critically in various governance constellations. The paper is based on expert interviews and a comprehensive collection of data on grocery discount stores and supermarkets in the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein
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Govender, Krishna Kisten. "Brand choice and brand switching: a case study of relocated consumers." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 4 (2017): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-11-2016-0169.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on consumer behaviour/brand choice resulting in the relocation of communities from informal to formal settlements. Design/methodology/approach A survey conducted among a probability sample of 384 consumers comprising different “socio-income” groups, who were relocated from informal settlements as well as others who relocated voluntarily to Cosmo City, a state designed residential development, to explore their brand choice behaviour. Findings It was ascertained that households switch brands if the degree of social change is greater than the perceived strength of the current brand, and an improvement in the space or house size which impacted their lifestyle. There is also a significant relationship between the product format and brand switching; between brand choice and change in the place and type of residence. Research limitations/implications It is evident that residential location, changes in social positions, inclusive of place of residence, lifestyle changes, and functional benefits, are essential factors for consideration in the development of a coherent brand strategy that seeks to adequately address the toilet-care product brand needs of consumers in the new democratic South Africa. Practical implications Marketers have to move beyond simple demographics and use multifaceted approaches to understanding brand switching behaviour, because consumers adapt quickly to changes in the market. Marketers also need to be cognisant of the rapid changes in consumers’ perception of their lifestyle change, and how they (consumers) relate to these changes. Social implications The relocation was viewed as a “social disruption” which in this study was the “relocation” which changed the place of and type of dwelling/home ownership type. Marketers also need to be cognisant of the rapid changes in consumers’ perception of their lifestyle change, and how they (consumers) relate to these changes. Originality/value The concept of social disruption in the form or relocated customers has not been studied in South Africa, especially with respect to the impact on brand choice of toilet cleaning products.
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Lukman, Moh. "Perencanaan Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Raket dengan Metode Quality Function Deployment." Jurnal Teknik Industri 10, no. 1 (2010): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol10.no1.44-51.
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Small Industry Abadi location in central small industry raket Sukun-Malang, so many kinds racket product are many variables as, racket quality, raket colors, rakets price, will give the customer many choice product rackets. Demand racket products are fluctuative from periods to another periods because there are factors: school holiday, and badminton championship in scale national cup and world cup as All England so demand will be increase. In central small industry raket thre are many small industry racket, so competition raket product increase,so there are the price will be cheap and quality may be too lower. This competition cause qoitition in raket "X" is low. Antisipacition to win competition we will design good quality raket product fit with attribute racket customers, with methode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). From result of analysis can know that attribute obtaining especial priority to customer is among others chicken eye of strong plastic type and handle of racket is not breakable, besides technical respon which made account of by company is among others wrap handle of sponge cloth and of racket don't use extension T. Besides got by price for new desain equal to Rp19.300,- at the price of selling Rp22.500,- got by cheaper price of Rp1.300,- compared to old desain racket that is equal to Rp20.600,- at the price of selling Rp25.000.
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Quintal, Vanessa, and Ian Phau. "The role of movie images and its impact on destination choice." Tourism Review 70, no. 2 (2015): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2014-0009.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine whether movies are pivotal in developing empathy, nostalgia, perceived risk, place familiarity and place image that can shape viewer attitude towards and intention to visit a place. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from two sample frames of patrons at a large cinema chain located in a major shopping centre in Perth, Western Australia. The experimental group watched the romantic comedy, Friends with Benefits. The control group watched the romantic comedy, Desi Boyz which is set in London and India and is not associated with New York. A quota for data collection was set at 230 subjects in each group. The two groups watched their movies concurrently in different theatres at the same cinema chain in the same shopping centre. Subjects in both groups were asked for their responses to New York immediately after viewing the movie. Findings – In an experimental study, subjects who watched a romantic comedy set in New York had significantly higher empathy, place familiarity, attitude towards and intention to visit New York and significantly lower performance/financial risk associated with visiting New York than the control group. However, perceived risk played no significant role in influencing place familiarity in the experimental group, whereas nostalgia played no significant role in influencing place familiarity in the control group. Originality/value – The proposed decision-making framework provides academics with theoretical underpinning for future empirical tourism studies in the research area. The findings also encourage more collaboration between government, movie producers, destination management organisations and marketers to deliver a movie that provides consistent branding in its story, location and product placement strategies.
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Gros, I., J. Dyntar, and S. Grosová. "Food products distribution systems redesign in the food corporation acquisition and fusion conditions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 4 (2009): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/80/2009-cjfs.
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The distribution channel structure significantly affects the distribution costs, and in the food industry the distribution costs have very often an important share on the total products cost. In the food industry, merger & acquisition conditions in the Czech Republic are the expected synergic effects. One of them is the cost saving following up from the redesign of the distribution system. On the case of a real project of the new mineral waters distribution system, the authors demonstrate their methodology and methods for the distribution system redesign, which integrates together the problem of the distribution object location with the distribution strategy choice and transport system design.
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Scherließ, Regina. "Nasal formulations for drug administration and characterization of nasal preparations in drug delivery." Therapeutic Delivery 11, no. 3 (2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2019-0086.
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This special report gives an insight in the rationale of utilizing the nasal cavity for drug administration and the formulation as well as characterization of nasal preparations. As the nose is an easy-to-access, noninvasive and versatile location for absorption, this route of delivery will play an increasingly important role in future drug product development both for new and repurposed drugs. The nose can be utilized for local and systemic delivery including drug delivery to the central nervous system and the immune system. Typical formulation strategies and future developments are reviewed, which nowadays mostly comprise liquid formulations. Although they are straight forward to develop, a number of aspects from choice of solvent, osmolarity, pH, viscosity and more need to be considered, which determine formulation characteristics, not at least nasal deposition. Nasal powders offer higher stability and, along with more sophisticated nasal devices, may play a major role in the future.
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Leva, Mabel A., Alejandro Leon, Rodrigo A. Garrido, and Angel Ibeas. "A PROBABILISTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATON TO FORECAST PORT CHOICE DECISIONS." Transport 33, no. 3 (2018): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.5478.
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The port choice problem consists in predicting the selection of a port, made by an agent who has alternatives to choose from. Most of the literature has tackled this problem assuming a discrete choice model dependent on the ports’ characteristics and agents’ attributes. However, in practice the port choice decision depends also on the choices made by other agents as well as decisions made by these agents in the past. There are only a few examples that incorporate the complexity generated by spatio-temporal interactions between agents. However, those modelling structures are rather cumbersome, precluding their use in practical cases. This article presents a new modelling framework to predict port choice decisions, based on the theory of Cellular Automaton (CA), which is simple in structure and can be quickly calibrated and applied. This framework is a probabilistic CA intended to imitate the decision processes made from multiple shippers that interact with each other. These shippers face similar alternatives of seaports for exporting their products within a certain time span. The port choice here is a dynamic decision that depends on the ports’ characteristics and attributes of each shipper at a given time, as well as the decisions made by their neighbours. The outcome of the interaction is a discrete decision that evolves in time according to the dynamics of the system as a whole. The specified CA was applied to the case of vehicle exports from Brazil and the calibration was performed through a genetic algorithm. The results show that the probabilistic CA is able to replicate the historic behaviour of the port choice decisions in the Brazilian vehicle industry, with a high degree of success. The spatial component of the CA turned out to be of major relevance in the dynamic decision process along with the attributes and geographical location of ports.
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Walsh, Darlene. "Can priming a healthy eating goal cause depleted consumers to prefer healthier snacks?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 31, no. 2 (2014): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-09-2013-0697.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether priming words related to a healthy eating goal can facilitate self-control among depleted people. Design/methodology/approach – A between-subject experimental design was employed, and participants were randomly assigned to conditions. Findings – Consistent with prior research, this research finds that depletion hurts self-control, and that priming words related to a healthy eating goal facilitates it. What is novel is that if people engage in an initial task that requires self-control (that is, if people are depleted), priming health-related words has no positive influence on self-control. Practical implications – Priming health-related words has no impact on preference when consumers are depleted; implying that marketers of healthy food products should place their product at the beginning of a consumer shopping experience, when resources are most available. In other words, the decision to associate a brand with health-related claims must be strategically coordinated with retail location decisions to maximize its effect on consumer choice. From a public policy perspective, there are some implications for grocery store layouts. For example, it may be argued that removing temptations near the entrance of a grocery store might allow consumers to conserve their effort, which may result in healthier choices. Originality/value – This research finds that priming consumers with health-related words can encourage healthy eating choices, but only when consumers have not already engaged in self-control. This is a new insight to theory (specifically, the depletion model and the theory of nonconscious goal priming), and provides an important contribution to a significant and timely issue (that is, how to prevent and reduce obesity). This paper presents relevant implications and concludes with a number of worthwhile future research ideas.
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Markusen, A. "The Military-Industrial Divide." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 9, no. 4 (1991): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d090391.
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In the debate on the incidence and dynamics of new industrial complexes, technological innovation has been treated as exogenous, and endogenous entrepreneurial growth forces have been stressed at the expense of state actions, interregional interactions, and geographical transfers of capital and labor. In this paper it is argued that technological paths are deliberately chosen and that the state, through its commitment to cold-war armament, has been a major source of demand for and underwriter of the new flexible technologies and new product lines so central to the new industrial districts phenomenon in the USA. The emergence of specific agglomerations, such as Los Angeles, Orange County, Silicon Valley, and the Boston area's Route 128, and the parallel failure of the industrial heartland cities to host military-related high-tech development, are the products of concerted locational choice and developmental efforts by military personnel, politicians, boosters, and military-industrial corporate managers, Military-led innovation has furthermore contributed to the rise of accelerated and institutionalized innovation and to the emergence of new macroeconomic pathologies, such as state debt, accelerated deindustrialization, and a worsening income distribution.
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Al Shamma’a, Abdullrahman A., Khaled E. Addoweesh, and Ali Eltamaly. "Optimum Wind Turbine Site Matching for Three Locations in Saudi Arabia." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2130.
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Wind energy has been most prevalently utilized to generate electric power due to non pollution to the environment and the conservation of fossil fuel resources. The energy generated from wind turbine depends on the wind site characteristics and the wind turbine parameters. So, the choice of certain wind turbine for specific site is very important in terms of price of electric energy generated from wind energy system. Therefore, optimal choice of wind turbine is one of the most crucial issues in the design of wind energy system, which can utilize wind energy as efficiently as possible and achieve the best economic benefits. So this paper introduces a new and simple mathematic formulation for the wind turbine-site matching problem, based on wind speed characteristics of any site and the power curve parameters of any wind turbine. Wind speed at any site is characterized by the scale parameter (c) and the shape parameter (k) of the Weibull distribution function. The power curve parameters of any wind turbine are characterized by the cut-in, rated, and furling speeds and the rated power. The new formulation method is derived based on a generic formulation for the product of the Capacity Factor (CF) and Normalized Power (PN). Three case studies are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to choose between a group of wind sites and a list of commercial wind turbines.
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Oliva, Cristina, and Giampiero Favato. "Risk of Exposure to COVID-19: Visit Duration Data Can Inform Our Daily Activities Choices: An Epidemiological Investigation Using Community Mobility Data from the Metropolitan Area of Genoa, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094632.
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COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact. Policymakers mostly resorted to normative measures to limit close contacts and impose social distancing. Our study aimed to estimate the risk of exposure to COVID-19 by location and activity in crowded metropolitan areas. The risk of exposure to COVID-19 was defined as the product of crowding (people within a six feet distance) and exposure duration (fraction of 15 min). Our epidemiological investigation used aggregated and anonymized mobility data from Google Maps to estimate the visit duration. We collected visit duration data for 561 premises in the metropolitan area of Genoa, Italy from October 2020 to January 2021. The sample was then clustered into 14 everyday activities, from grocery shopping to the post office. Crowding data by activity were obtained from pre-existing building norms and new government measures to contain the pandemic. The study found significant variance in the risk of exposure to COVID-19 among activities and, for the same activity, among locations. The empirical determination of the risk of exposure to COVID-19 can inform national and local public health policies to contain the pandemic’s diffusion. Its simple numerical form can help policymakers effectively communicate difficult decisions affecting our daily lives. Most importantly, risk data by location can help us rethink our daily routine and make informed, responsible choices when we decide to go out.
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Effendy, Faried, Barry Nuqoba, and Taufik. "CULINARY RECOMMENDATION APPLICATION BASED ON USER PREFERENCES USING FUZZY TOPSIS." IIUM Engineering Journal 20, no. 2 (2019): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v21i1.1023.
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Culinary tourism is the experience of finding and enjoying unique and impressive food and drinks in a new region. Each region has a unique food flavor and can be the right choice for culinary tourists who want to try new experiences regarding taste. Differences in tourist preferences in choosing culinary regions sometimes become obstacles in finding a suitable place. Price, distance, facilities, menu variations, and halalness are some of the things that tourists consider in choosing culinary locations. Therefore, it is essential to accommodate tourist preferences to produce appropriate recommendations because the characteristics of tourists in determining their favorite culinary places are very subjective and varied. This study aims to develop a culinary recommendation system based on user preferences using Fuzzy TOPSIS as a recommendation method. Ten criteria can be selected, and their weight value determined by the user. The final result of the recommendation system is an alternative culinary location ranking and map location, along with detailed culinary location information. Result evaluation shows that the system is suitable and useful for users. This study proposes some new criteria that have not been used in other research.
 ABSTRAK: Pelancongan masakan merupakan pengalaman mencari dan menikmati makanan dan minuman yang unik dan menarik di sesebuah daerah. Setiap daerah mempunyai rasa unik makanan dan boleh menjadi pilihan tepat untuk pelancong yang ingin mencuba pengalaman baru mengenai rasa. Perbezaan pilihan pelancong dalam memilih tempat masakan kadang-kadang menjadi halangan dalam mencari tempat sesuai. Harga, jarak, kemudahan, variasi menu, dan makanan halal merupakan beberapa faktor yang dilihat pelancong dalam memilih lokasi kulinari. Oleh itu, sokongan cadangan untuk pelancong membuat pilihan adalah penting kerana pilihan makanan adalah sangat subjektif dan berbeza-beza. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi membangunkan sistem cadangan masakan mengikut pilihan pengguna dengan menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy TOPSIS. Sepuluh kriteria boleh dipilih mengikut keutamaan. Matlamat akhir sistem ini adalah sebagai pilihan lain bagi pilihan lokasi makanan dan lokasi peta bersama maklumat terperinci lokasi masakan. Keputusan menunjukkan sistem ini sesuai dan berguna untuk pengguna. Kajian ini mencadangkan beberapa kriteria baru yang tidak digunakan oleh penyelidik lain.
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Lakhwani, Vinod M., and Swati Tiwari. "Safe Water – Is it really Safe?" Ushus - Journal of Business Management 13, no. 4 (2014): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.29.6.
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Entering into the new field of business is not an easy go. One has to do market research, to identify the gap, to identify the product/service to be offered, and to target the right customer segment. After doing the required research, the next step is to make decisions on plant location, layout and then set up. Assessment of funds required for capital as well as revenue expenditure, procurement of machinery and other materials also take substantial amount of efforts. Searching for vendors and finalizing the right one are few other issues.
 After having worked successfully for more than 30 years in Bali in the field of sesame seeds and oil business Harsh was standing on a crossroad in 2011. Rising prices of sesame oil resulted in shift in customers’ taste and preferences towards refined oil. Moreover entry of big players at a large scale of operations and rise in price of raw material (sesame seeds) made survival tough. He had a number of options, one to continue with existing business at different scale of operations. Two, enter another business? Three, what business, Four, which place?
 The case talks about Harsh’s journey to new business, his choice and then the result.
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Evangelista, Felicitas, Brian Koon Low, and Minh Thanh Nguyen. "How shopping motives, store attributes and demographic factors influence store format choice in Vietnam." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32, no. 1 (2019): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2018-0076.
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Purpose Despite huge investments within the modern trade arena, Vietnam remains a traditional trade retailing country. The purpose of this paper is to establish the combined effects of motivation, store attributes and demographic factors on the predictive outcome of store format choice in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach A logistic regression model is used to determine the effect of these factors on the predictive outcome of traditional markets or supermarkets in purchasing non-food products or processed food products. Findings The dichotomy between what supermarkets and traditional markets have to offer is simple but effective. Utilitarian-motivated shoppers are more likely to shop at traditional markets. They emphasize the need to buy products quickly, find a good price, with less travel time and hence lower travel costs. Hedonistic shoppers are motivated by feelings of happiness; they shop to relieve stress and to keep up with trends. Significant difference in store choice also exists between older and higher income shoppers. Research limitations/implications Future research should examine the sociocultural dimensions of shopping at traditional stores by exploring how such shopping relates to, and is embedded in, the formation and changes of individual identity, especially in communities outside of Ho Chi Minh City where shoppers are almost entirely dependent on traditional stores. Practical implications Traditional stores have the benefit of convenient location and savings in both time and travel costs. These benefits are being eroded as supermarkets and transnational retail corporations establish new stores close to the traditional stores. Social implications Shopping at traditional markets is part of the social culture and is embedded in individuals’ identity formation, despite increasing urbanization and shoppers’ higher incomes. Originality/value This study comprehensively explores the interactions between store choice and motivation, store attributes and demographic factors, taking into account contemporary and contextually relevant factors.
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Moskvichev, Oleg, Sergei Nikishchenkov, and Elena Moskvicheva. "Optimization of production and transport infrastructure based on cluster analysis methods." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403008.
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In order to solve the problems of optimizing production and transportation systems, a clustering procedure for objects is suggested. The procedure is a universal methodology for dividing a set of objects into subsets with their centers possessing optimal properties. At the same time, the use of point proximity metrics used in cluster analysis models the minimization of distances during transportation. If the volume of produced/extracted containerisable products of a production point is considered as the “weight” of each point, than the problem of minimizing transportation costs can be solved as a problem of optimizing clusters and their centers. A set of analytical models has been developed to describe and optimize the choice of location and number of container terminals (CT) at the first level and container storage and distribution centers (СSDC) at the second level of a two-level terminal model and logistics infrastructure of the container transport system (CTS). New clustering algorithms are suggested to determine the locations of CT and СSDC based on the condition of minimizing transportation costs and creating a terminal and logistics infrastructure, taking into account given or random number of clusters.
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Rivera, Manuel, Robertico Croes, and YunYing Zhong. "Developing mobile services." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 12 (2016): 2721–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-02-2015-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine and identify important attributes for mobile applications (apps) that might dictate tourist preferences for the apps on a small island destination. Guided by the Task Technology Fit (TTF) theory, the study considers the tasks performed, technology characteristics and individuals’ characteristics in determining the mobile apps attribute set. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a conjoint methodology within a case study approach framework. The conjoint analysis allows for assessing preferences from different consumers regarding the objective characteristics of products or services that facilitate the optimal design of product development. Optimal product development is a challenge for destinations, as they strive to achieve and sustain optimal market positions. Mobile apps may empower destinations in this endeavor. The case study approach imparts a context-dependent knowledge that facilitates a more nuanced understanding of consumer preference of use. Findings The results of the conjoint analysis suggest a strategic mapping of the most important attributes including type of content information, coupons and location awareness in defining apps product development. Within each attribute, the study also identifies the significant characteristics of a mobile application that are preferred by tourists. This ranking exists irrespective of familiarity with the destination (first-time and repeat visitors). Research limitations/implications The implication is that revealed preferences anchored in conjoint analysis provide a powerful approach to optimize product development in a small island destination. From a practical perspective, the findings suggest that the developments of a mobile app for a destination must concentrate on fostering spending and consider the app as a new marketing channel. From a theoretical point of view, the current study highlights the usefulness of using the conjoint analysis and the TTF theory as an overarching framework in mapping a multi-attribute decision-making space that influences tourist judgment and preference of use. The conjoint method applied in the study enables researchers to clearly identify a combination of various mobile app attributes that are most influential on tourists’ choice and preference of use. The guiding framework, TTF theory, allows the conjoint product designs to go beyond the technology characteristics to include tasks performed by tourists and their individual characteristics. Originality/value This study is the first to apply a conjoint analysis within the TTF theoretical framework in the context of a small island destination when assessing tourists’ use preferences toward mobile applications, while at the same time investigating whether any differences exist between first-time and repeat visitors. The study demonstrates that complementing the nature of the task (traveling) with context-specific interface and interactive features is an important area of inquiry that can benefit from adopting conjoint analysis.
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Bhatt, Gyanesh. "Effective Customer Relationship Management: A Key to Success for Banks." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 10, no. 06 (2021): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v10i06.372.
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Generally, consumers do not change their banks unless serious problems occur. The philosophy, culture and organization of financial institutions were grounded in this assumption and reflected in their marketing policies, which were product and transaction-oriented, reactionary, focused on discrete rather than continuous activities. With the advent of new technologies in the business of bank, such as Internet Banking and ATMs, now customers can freely choose any bank for their transactions. The pressures of competitive and dynamic markets have contributed to the growth of CRM in the Financial Services Sector. Also, before the Internet revolution, consumers largely selected their banks based on how convenient the location of bank's branches was to their homes or offices. With the advent of new technologies in the business of bank, such as Internet banking and ATMs, now customers can freely choose any bank for their transactions. Thus, the customer base of banks has increased, and so has the choices of customers for selecting the banks.
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Ence, Christie, Shachak Pe'eri, and John Nyberg. "Raster charting products in an ENC-first era." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-71-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nautical charts are an essential tool for marine navigation. Despite the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS) and electronic navigational tools that present navigation data in a vector format on a display, paper charts are still the preferred choice for many mariners. Interestingly, since the introduction of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) more than thirty years ago, the size of commercial vessels has increased more than four-fold, modern navigational systems have become more sophisticated, and recreational boaters have joined professional mariners in using electronic chart displays. Marine and coastal users of all types are expecting higher resolution and more precision in location of the charted features, and shorter update times for data sources to be published on the chart. With NOAA’s new plan to “standardized, consistent gridded framework” that is optimized for digital displays, it leaves the future of paper charts in question. In order to support a raster-based maintenance system, it is now possible to translate encoding attributes of vector objects into standardized chart symbols and labels. Thus, simplifying workflow processes for paper and raster chart production. This paper discusses NOAA Marine Chart Division’s raster workflow in an ENC-first production line. The paper reviews the benefits of the new desktop tools and web-services for providing chart updates in a timely manner for a broader community.</p>
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Landro, Vincent. "Henslowe's Relocation to the North: Playhouse Management in Renaissance London." Theatre Survey 38, no. 2 (1997): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400002064.
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If the London theatre of the Renaissance was one of the earliest examples of theatre as a commercial entertainment, then its playhouses were its largest physical investment and central visual focus. The Theatre, Curtain, Rose, Fortune, Globe, Swan, Hope and Cockpit were not only architectural inventions designed to replace previous itinerant playing practices with performances in fixed spaces where the acting companies could control admissions. They were also major financial investments by playhouse owners. The increase in the building of playhouses between 1576 and 1616 reflect a growing industry creating custom-built places of production that became regular fixtures in the urban geography of Renaissance London. The unprecedented rate of playgoing also increased interest in the possibility of profits by investors, shareholders, and those who operated the playhouses. In short, the London theatre was organized to make money, and London's playhouses were profit centers for the production and consumption of an aesthetic product. Within such a commercial climate, the decisions of playhouse owners concerning building, rebuilding, or abandonment of each facility were critical choices based on profits rather than aesthetics. The location of a playhouse was as important as what went on inside it. Decisions regarding playhouse location, then, can be examined as successful or unsuccessful pragmatic responses to competitive pressures, changing audience response, and expectation of profits in a speculative new industry within a fast-growing city.
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Crawford, Paul T. "Educational Transitions in the United States: Reflections on the American Dream." Research in Comparative and International Education 7, no. 4 (2012): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.4.465.
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Education involves socialization so that individuals become productive members of society. At present, in the United States, educational transitions are primarily viewed in terms of their location in an outcomes-oriented process and framed as helping people achieve the American Dream, but in terms of the status quo national economic interest. But what about US residents who are unwilling to accommodate this particular worldview or its component ethos? Current conceptualizations of educational transitions in the United States favour economic efficiency and national security. However, new demographic realities will necessitate a revised notion of national security, one that is based on social inclusion. Consider, for example, the burgeoning Latino population in the United States. Will the current offer of education remain as valid in 2020 or 2050 when the nation has become a patchwork of minority populations? Individual choice at the moment of educational transition in the United States is increasingly framed as a zero-sum calculus: conform to the status quo or risk marginalization. The educational system is being co-opted by narratives associated with standard gross domestic product (GDP) metrics. The metrics used to guide and warrant educational policy and practice need to be widened so that educational assessment is based on the ‘context of human lives’. Despite an uneven record of cultural and ethnic injustice, the United States has narrative-based resources that support social inclusion. At the heart of the nation's orienting narrative is a quandary: how to balance a sense of manifest destiny with an understanding that our future is uncertain and sustainable only by joining many human capabilities?
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A. Ingene, Charles. "Retail evolution." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 2 (2014): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-12-2013-0067.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to enhance students’ ability to use theory to assess facts logically and creatively. To achieve this end, the author explicates the evolution of retailing from its pre-industrial genesis to its Internet descendants in a historically based retail strategy class that investigates the determinants of new retail formats (major retail innovations – MRIs) over a > 200 year span. MRIs entail a major reconfiguration of the retail mix (i.e. price, product, place, promotion and personnel) , take significant business from existing formats that sell the same goods, generate greater benefits to customers than do rival formats and are widely imitated. Design/methodology/approach – The author chronologically presents how the industrial revolution generated major environmental changes that facilitated a creative and highly effective re-organization of the retail mix. Findings – Changes in environmental factors (e.g. mass production, transportation, location of population and communication) made possible retail formats that could not have existed earlier. Research limitations/implications – The course is based on two theories that are linked by the retail mix; one theory relates to consumer store choice, while the other relates to the minimum market size required for a retail format to be viable. To illustrate, more personnel raises service, drawing customers from rivals while raising costs; higher costs raise the needed market size. Originality/value – All six MRIs are derived from the two aforementioned theories. Experience indicates these theories are valid for assessing retailing at all stages of economic development. The course is based on the authors own material.
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Bonanno, Giacomo. "Location Choice, Product Proliferation and Entry Deterrence." Review of Economic Studies 54, no. 1 (1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297444.
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Horstmann, Ignatius, and Alan Slivinski. "Location models as models of product choice." Journal of Economic Theory 36, no. 2 (1985): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(85)90112-7.
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Oliveira, Márcio Paulo de, Franciele Buss Frescki Kestring, Jerry Adriani Johann, Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo, and Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes. "Gold Standard Agreement Model for Precipitation Forecast in Paraná Using Bootstrap." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i2.18274.
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Demand for quality weather forecasts has increased in the last decades, leading national meteorological centers to develop new forecasting models. These models have parameterizations which can produce different predictions for the same location and agrometeorological variable. In the state of Paraná - Brazil, studies on rain forecasting are important for planning the soybean crop. The objective of this study was to compare, based on a gold-standard and using bootstrapping residuals, forecasts of total rainfall by virtual stations of the following centers: Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC), European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC). Gold-standard measurements were obtained from Meteorological System of Paraná (SIMEPAR) meteorological stations. The studied region was the state of Paraná, in October–March of the harvest years 2011/2012–2015/2016; forecast ranges were 24 and 240 hours. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), focused on data mining techniques, was the chosen methodology. In the data preprocessing stage, spatial and temporal stratification, cleansing and grouping were performed. For the comparisons, 24 h and 240 h weather forecasts were used, being grouped in five-day and ten-day periods, respectively, and coefficients of agreement with the gold-standard measure were calculated. The choice of forecast center should consider the geographic location of a certain pluviometric station, and the temporal range of the forecast, according to its measure of agreement with the gold standard measure. Spatial variations of forecasting centers were identified within the mesoregions, which suggests the employment of different forecasting centers in a certain mesoregion.
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Niu, Fangqu, and Fang Wang. "How Does China’s New Consumption Era Reshape Residents’ Shopping Behaviors from the Perspective of Community in Hohhot, China." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147599.
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In the new consumption era, the popularization and application of information technology has continuously enriched residents’ consumption channels, gradually reshaping their consumption concepts and shopping behaviors. In this paper, Hohhot is taken as a case study, using open-source big data and field survey data to theorize the characteristics and mechanism of residents’ shopping behaviors in different segments of consumers based on geography. First, communities were divided into five types according to their location and properties: main communities in urban areas (MCs), historical communities in urban areas (HCs), high-grade communities in the outskirts of the city (HGCs), mid-grade communities in urban peripheries (MGCs), and urban villages (UVs). On this basis, a structural equation model is used to explore the characteristics of residents’ shopping behaviors and their influencing mechanisms in the new consumption era. The results showed that: (1) The online shopping penetration rate of residents in UVs and HCs is lowest, and that of residents in HGC is highest. (2) The types of products purchased in online and offline shopping by different types of community show certain differences. (3) From the perspective of influencing mechanisms, residents’ characteristics directly affect their shopping behaviors and, indirectly (through the choice of community where they live and their consumption attitudes), their differences in shopping behaviors. Different properties of communities cannot directly affect residents’ shopping behaviors, but they can affect them indirectly by influencing consumption attitudes and then affect such behaviors. Typical consumption attitudes of the new era, such as shopping for luxuries and emerging consumption, have the most significant and direct influence on shopping behaviors, as well as an intermediate and variable influence.
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Korn, Lorenz. "The “German Fountain” in Istanbul: Object of Transfer in the Age of Historicism and Diplomacy." Der Islam 95, no. 2 (2018): 549–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2018-0034.
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Abstract The “German Fountain” on the Hippodrome in Istanbul, commissioned by the German Emperor Wilhelm II, has been perceived (and sometimes ridiculed) as a marginal by-product of imperialism and historicism. However, the history of its origins, construction and inauguration highlights significant aspects of German-Ottoman relations in the Hamidian period. The fountain is an example of the role that art and architecture played in these relations. The history of its planning indicates in which way the urban history of Istanbul was perceived and how a new monument was inserted, under the particular conditions of patronage by a foreign monarch. For the present article, German archival sources have been utilized to reconstruct the events and to interpret underlying attitudes. These sources elucidate the process of veritable trans-cultural negotiations, in which numerous partners with differing agendas participated. Besides, an art historical glance at the design of the fountain permits conclusions on choices that were made by the patron and the architect, significant for the understanding of the monument by its contemporaries. The particular conditions of the Ottoman Empire struggling for survival vis à vis European powers, and German foreign politics, become visible in the location and style of the fountain as well as in the protocol of its inauguration.
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Turner, Emma C., Stafford Withington, David A. Newnham, Peter Wadhams, Anna E. Jones, and Robin Clancy. "Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 11 (2016): 5461–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5461-2016.
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Abstract. The submillimetre is an understudied region of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic spectrum. Prior technological gaps and relatively high opacity due to the prevalence of rotational water vapour lines at these wavelengths have slowed progress from a ground-based remote sensing perspective; however, emerging superconducting detector technologies in the fields of astronomy offer the potential to address key atmospheric science challenges with new instrumental methods. A site study, with a focus on the polar regions, is performed to assess theoretical feasibility by simulating the downwelling (zenith angle = 0°) clear-sky submillimetre spectrum from 30 mm (10 GHz) to 150 µm (2000 GHz) at six locations under annual mean, summer, winter, daytime, night-time and low-humidity conditions. Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure and 28 atmospheric gases are constructed by combining radiosonde, meteorological reanalysis and atmospheric chemistry model data. The sensitivity of the simulated spectra to the choice of water vapour continuum model and spectroscopic line database is explored. For the atmospheric trace species hypobromous acid (HOBr), hydrogen bromide (HBr), perhydroxyl radical (HO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) the emission lines producing the largest change in brightness temperature are identified. Signal strengths, centre frequencies, bandwidths, estimated minimum integration times and maximum receiver noise temperatures are determined for all cases. HOBr, HBr and HO2 produce brightness temperature peaks in the mK to µK range, whereas the N2O peaks are in the K range. The optimal submillimetre remote sensing lines for the four species are shown to vary significantly between location and scenario, strengthening the case for future hyperspectral instruments that measure over a broad wavelength range. The techniques presented here provide a framework that can be applied to additional species of interest and taken forward to simulate retrievals and guide the design of future submillimetre instruments.
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Chisholm, Darlene C., and George Norman. "Heterogeneous preferences and location choice with multi-product firms." Regional Science and Urban Economics 34, no. 3 (2004): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2003.05.001.
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Chen, Chung-Jen, and Yung-Chang Hsiao. "The endogenous role of location choice in product innovations." Journal of World Business 48, no. 3 (2013): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.07.020.
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Matsumura, Toshihiro, and Noriaki Matsushima. "Mixed Duopoly with Product Differentiation: Sequential Choice of Location." Australian Economic Papers 42, no. 1 (2003): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.00183.
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Gupta, Barnali, Debashis Pal, and Jyotirmoy Sarkar. "Product Differentiation and Location Choice in a Circular City*." Journal of Regional Science 46, no. 2 (2006): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4146.2006.00443.x.
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Jain, Naveen Kumar, Tanvi Kothari, and Vikas Kumar. "Location Choice Research: Proposing New Agenda." Management International Review 56, no. 3 (2016): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0271-6.
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Sun, Defeng. "Location Choice of Product Development and Product Innovation: The Moderator Effect of Embeddedness." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (2020): 16676. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.16676abstract.
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Zou, Zhenpeng, Hannah Younes, Sevgi Erdoğan, and Jiahui Wu. "Exploratory Analysis of Real-Time E-Scooter Trip Data in Washington, D.C." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 8 (2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120919760.
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The proliferation of micromobility, evolving from station-based to dockless bikeshare programs, has dramatically accelerated since 2017 with an influx of investment from the private sector to a new product, dockless e-scooter share. As an alternative to pedal bikes, e-scooters have become widespread across the U.S.A. owing to the unprecedented convenience they bring to commuters and travelers with electric-power propulsion and freedom from docking stations. In cities like Washington, D.C., e-scooter share can play an important role to support transportation sustainability and boost accessibility in less-connected communities. This study takes advantage of publicly available but not readily accessible e-scooter share data in Washington, D.C. for an initial view of the travel patterns and behaviors related to this new mode. The study adopted an innovative approach to scrape and process general bikeshare feed specification data in real time for e-scooters. Not only locational time series data, but also e-scooter share trip trajectories were generated. The trip trajectory data provide a unique opportunity to examine travel patterns at the street link level—a level of analysis that has not been reached before for e-scooter share to the authors’ knowledge. The paper first provides descriptive statistics on e-scooter share trips, followed by an exploratory analysis of trip trajectories conjoined with street link level features. Important insights on e-scooter route choice are derived. Lastly, policy and regulatory implications in relation to e-scooter facility design and safety risks are discussed.
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Richards, Timothy J., Stephen F. Hamilton, and William J. Allender. "Social Networks and New Product Choice." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 96, no. 2 (2014): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat116.
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Sumiyati, Sumiyati, and Ryani Yulian. "Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pilihan Konsumen Pada Rumah Type 66 Di Kota Pontianak." Jurnal Manajemen Motivasi 15, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29406/jmm.v15i1.1489.
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This study aimed to determine the effect of product quality, price, location, product knowledge, reference group, investment, and company image on consumer choice in type 66 houses in Pontianak City. The results showed that product quality, price, location, product knowledge, reference group, and investment have positive and significant effect on consumer choice, while corporate image has a positive and insignificant effect on consumer choice. Product quality is the most dominant variable affecting consumer choice in buying type 66 houses in Pontianak City.
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Thomas, Louis, and Keith Weigelt. "Product location choice and firm capabilities: evidence from the U.S. automobile industry." Strategic Management Journal 21, no. 9 (2000): 897–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200009)21:9<897::aid-smj140>3.0.co;2-x.
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NAZAROVA, Zinaida Mikhailovna, Yuriy Vasil’evich ZABAIKIN, Yuliya Anatol’evna LEONIDOVA, and Mikhail Arkad’evich YAKUNIN. "Quality management of mined rock based on the use of mathematical modeling technologies." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 59, no. 3 (2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-3-163-175.
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Relevance. Fracturing of the array is one of the main factors in the formation of quality blocks of decorative stone. Systems of natural cracks form a separate rock and determine the shape and size of structural blocks, which determines the possible output of conditioned block products from the array, the choice of the method of preparing the rock for excavation, the location and direction of movement of the mining front in accordance with the nature, intensity and elements of the occurrence of cracks. To control the quality of decorative stone blocks, modeling and forecasting optimal parameters, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of identifying fractures and then determining their geometric parameters using modern digital equipment. Purpose of research is to analyze the quality management of the extracted rock based on the use of mathematical modeling technologies. The methodology of the work consists in using methods of mathematical modeling, as well as statistical data processing. Results. The practical application of the results is to apply the developed methods in order to optimize the quality management system of the extracted rock and increase its efficiency. As a result of practical research, a rational ledge height of 5.8 m has been established for the conditions of the granodiorite Deposit, which allows to ensure the necessary production capacity of the quarry, high productivity of mining equipment, safety of mining operations, minimal economic costs for mining operations, low production costs and minimal losses of block raw materials. Conclusions. The analysis of the complex of mining operations of mining enterprises allows us to make a conclusion about the need to introduce new technologies into production that would ensure the automation of work, increase the reliability of measurement results and calculations. At the same time, automation should be based on the use of remote methods for assessing the quality of decorative stone, new electronic devices and appropriate software.
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Sudharshan, D., Jerrold H. May, and Allan D. Shocker. "A Simulation Comparison of Methods for New Product Location." Marketing Science 6, no. 2 (1987): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.6.2.182.
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Cragg, Michael, and Matthew Kahn. "New Estimates of Climate Demand: Evidence from Location Choice." Journal of Urban Economics 42, no. 2 (1997): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1996.2027.
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Kaufmane, Edīte, Māra Skrīvele, and Laila Ikase. "Fruit-Growing in Latvia – Industry and Science." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 3 (2017): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0040.
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Abstract In all times, fruit trees for family use have been grown at Latvian farms. Yet these fruits obtained market value only after the land ownership reform in 19th century. This facilitated rapid area increase of different fruit crops, allowing supply with fruits not only the local market, but also for export to the largest cities of Russia. Especially fast development of fruit-growing was observed during the first independent republic (1919–1940). The demand for planting material increased, and plants were imported from Western Europe. Choice of unsuitable cultivars and rootstocks was the main reason of the massive orchard area loss during the following severe winters. After the Second World War, the Soviet powers supported only the establishment of large orchards for processing needs, 200-300 ha, which were unsuitable for the Latvian climate and terrain. At the same time, numbers of allotment gardens rapidly increased and part of their produce was sold also on the market. After regaining of independence and private property, interest in fresh fruit and berry production for market, as well as processing, renewed. It was hindered by lack of continuity in experience and knowledge. Diversity of terrain, soils and climate all demand considerate choice of suitable orchard location and cultivars. Direct use of foreign experience often led to failure. At present, development of the fruit industry is most of all hindered by lack of qualified specialists of different levels, which does not allow to establish an appropriate consulting system. Cooperation of growers for easier marketing also is developing too slowly. Insufficient economic and market research does not allow to balance the demand with increase of plantation area, especially for large-scale processing and export, so strategic guidance of the fruit industry is not possible. Development of fruit-growing is hindered also by a lack of continuous long-term support to horticultural science. As a result of research by the Institute of Horticulture: 1) new local breeding fruit crop cultivars were obtained and recommended for commercial orchards; variety testing including growing technologies was initiated in different regions of Latvia; 2) monitoring of harmful and favourable organisms was conducted in plantations, with development of a system for prognosis and control; and 3) research results were transferred to growers through practical recommendations, publications, seminars and demonstrations.
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Giangrande, Adriana, Maria Flavia Gravina, Sergio Rossi, Caterina Longo, and Cataldo Pierri. "Aquaculture and Restoration: Perspectives from Mediterranean Sea Experiences." Water 13, no. 7 (2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070991.
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In this paper, the different possibilities and innovations related to sustainable aquaculture in the Mediterranean area are discussed, while different maricultural methods, and the role of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in supporting the exploitation of the ocean’s resources, are also reviewed. IMTA, and mariculture in general, when carefully planned, can be suitable for environmental restoration and conservation purposes. Aquaculture, especially mariculture, is a sector that is progressively increasing in parallel with the increase in human needs; however, several problems still affect its development, mainly in relation to the choice of suitable sites, fodder production, and the impact on the surrounding environment. A current challenge that requires suitable solutions is the implementation of IMTA. Unfortunately, some criticisms still affect this approach, mostly concerning the commercialization of new products such as invertebrates and seaweeds, notwithstanding their environmentally friendly character. Regarding the location of a suitable site, mariculture plans are currently displaced from inshore to offshore, with the aim of reducing the competition for space with other human activities carried out within coastal waters. Moreover, in open water, waste loading does not appear to be a problem, but high-energy waters increase maintenance costs. Some suggestions are given for developing sustainable mariculture in the Mediterranean area, where IMTA is in its infancy and where the scarce nutrients that characterize offshore waters are not suitable for the farming of both filter feeder invertebrates and macroalgae. From the perspective of coupling mariculture activity with restoration ecology, the practices suggested in this review concern the implementation of inshore IMTA, creating artificially controlled gardens, as well as offshore mussel farming coupled with artificial reefs, while also hypothesizing the possibility of the use of artificially eutrophized areas.
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Esler, J. G. "Adaptive stochastic trajectory modelling in the chaotic advection regime." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 769 (March 13, 2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.75.
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Motivated by the goal of improving and augmenting stochastic Lagrangian models of particle dispersion in turbulent flows, techniques from the theory of stochastic processes are applied to a model transport problem. The aim is to find an efficient and accurate method to calculate the total tracer transport between a source and a receptor when the flow between the two locations is weak, rendering direct stochastic Lagrangian simulation prohibitively expensive. Importance sampling methods that combine information from stochastic forward and back trajectory calculations are proposed. The unifying feature of the new methods is that they are developed using the observation that a perfect strategy should distribute trajectories in proportion to the product of the forward and adjoint solutions of the transport problem, a quantity here termed the ‘density of trajectories’ $D(\boldsymbol{x},t)$. Two such methods are applied to a ‘hard’ model problem, in which the prescribed kinematic flow is in the large-Péclet-number chaotic advection regime, and the transport problem requires simulation of a complex distribution of well-separated trajectories. The first, Milstein’s measure transformation method, involves adding an artificial velocity to the trajectory equation and simultaneously correcting for the weighting given to each particle under the new flow. It is found that, although a ‘perfect’ artificial velocity $\boldsymbol{v}^{\ast }$ exists, which is shown to distribute the trajectories according to $D$, small errors in numerical estimates of $\boldsymbol{v}^{\ast }$ cumulatively lead to difficulties with the method. A second method is Grassberger’s ‘go-with-the-winners’ branching process, where trajectories found unlikely to contribute to the net transport (losers) are periodically removed, while those expected to contribute significantly (winners) are split. The main challenge of implementation, which is finding an algorithm to select the winners and losers, is solved by a choice that explicitly forces the distribution towards a numerical estimate of $D$ generated from a previous back trajectory calculation. The result is a robust and easily implemented algorithm with typical variance up to three orders of magnitude lower than the direct approach.
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Kramberger, Tomaž, Bojan Rupnik, Gregor Štrubelj, and Klemen Prah. "Port Hinterland Modelling Based on Port Choice." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 3 (2015): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i3.1611.
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This paper presents a new approach for hinterland modelling based on the results of port choice modelling. The paper follows the idea that the shippers’ port choice is a trade-off between various objective and subjective factors. The presented model tackles the problem by applying the AHP method in order to obtain ports’ preference rates based on subjective factors, and combine them with objective factors, which include port operation costs, sailing times, and land transport costs using MILP. The ports’ hinterlands are modelled by finding the optimal port of choice for different locations across Europe and merging the identical results. The model can be used in order to produce captive hinterland of ports and can also be exploited in order to analyse how changes in the traffic infrastructure influence the size of hinterlands.
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Nowlis, Stephen M., and Itamar Simonson. "The Effect of New Product Features on Brand Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 1 (1996): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3152011.
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Gottinger, Hans W. "Economic choice and technology diffusion in new product markets." Review of World Economics 123, no. 1 (1987): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707784.
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