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Berruecos, Garcia Travesi Martha Susana. "Separation of powers in new democracies : federalism and the judicial power in Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2767/.
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In the matter of a few decades, the Supreme Court in Mexico has gone from being a passive institution that served the interests of the federal executive to a genuine enforcer of law and the final arbiter in an increasing number of disputes over power and resources between different branches and levels of government. My thesis traces how and why this change happened and analyses the consequences of a more independent and active Court for the processes of federalism and democratisation in Mexico. My research contributes to a growing body of literature on the judicialisation of politics in Mexico. I analyse the ways in which a more genuine separation of powers has begun to take shape in Mexico. Specifically, I look at how a more independent Supreme Court has provided different government powers at the federal, state and municipal levels with a means of defending their respective jurisdictions against competing powers. While I focus on the Supreme Court, my research situates the judiciary within the wider web of government institutions; increased political pluralism has enabled the legislative branch and state and local governments to exercise stronger checks and balances on the federal executive, with attendant consequences for the emboldened Court when it comes to involvement in the policy-making process. At the core of my thesis is an empirical analysis of the Supreme Court's involvement in federalist issues via the use of constitutional controversies filed before the Court between 1995 and 2005 to resolve federal intragovernmental (between the three branches of government) and intergovernmental (between levels of government) disputes. The analysis operates on two levels: the national, and the subnational via an examination of legal recourses in seven case study states. It also looks at the role of the electoral tribunal in national and local election disputes. A wide variety of political actors are resorting to legal channels in order to resolve political deadlock. The Supreme Court in Mexico has had the last word on issues that range from the generation of electricity to indigenous rights. While my research focuses on Mexico, I compare judicial reform in Mexico with parallel processes in the other three presidential and federal systems in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela). Methodologically, my PhD thesis includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including structured and semi-structured interviews and extensive documental research in public and private sector archives, as well as national and local newspapers and specialist magazines.
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Badawi, Karina Bonetti. "Separação dos poderes no Brasil e a teoria de Bruce Ackerman." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1287.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-06<br>This study proposes a new structure of separation of powers in Brazil. The structure that develops finds support in the work "The New Separation of Powers" Bruce Ackerman, which develops a framework of separation of powers called 'limited parliamentarism'. The model presented in this work is the breakdown of the classical structure of the tripartite powers, inspired by Montesquieu, and opening for numerous other instances of control, beyond redistribution of existing functions. The work presents a proposal to amend the Federal Constitution to insert the new model of separation of powers. Finally, we analyze the validation of this new model in Brazil, through a constitutional amendment. The goal that we seek with this new model is the democratic legitimacy as an exercise in democracy, the efficiency of state action and the protection and expansion of Fundamental Rights.<br>Este presente estudo propõe uma nova estrutura da separação dos poderes no Brasil. A estrutura que se desenvolve encontra apoio na obra A Nova Separação dos Poderes de Bruce Ackerman, o qual desenvolve uma estrutura de separação dos poderes denominada de parlamentarismo limitado . O modelo apresentado neste trabalho faz a quebra da estrutura clássica da tripartição dos poderes,
inspirada em Montesquieu, e a abertura para inúmeras outras instâncias de controle, além da redistribuição das funções já existentes. O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de alteração da Constituição Federal para inserção do novo modelo de separação
dos poderes. E, por fim, analisa-se a validação deste novo modelo no Brasil, por meio de emenda constitucional. O objetivo que se busca com esse novo modelo é a legitimidade democrática como exercício de democracia, a eficiência da atuação do Estado e a proteção e a ampliação dos Direitos Fundamentais.
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Maram, Sandeep. "A New Special Protection Scheme for Power System Controlled Separation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31038.
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A new power system controlled separation scheme is proposed to prevent the propagation of cascading failures across a transmission network should it undergoes a major disturbance, thereby reducing the possibility of a large-scale blackout. This scheme is developed based on a set of conjectures, which state the following: (i) the locations of out-of-step operations are independent of the severity and the location of the initial faults; (ii) these out-of-step operations occur sequentially over a sufficiently long duration so that relay blocking and transfer tripping can take place to minimize the load-generation imbalance in the formed islands. To verify these conjectures, extensive dynamic stability simulations are executed on a 30-bus and a 517-bus system, which exhibit characteristics suitable for this study. Furthermore, we verify that these out-of-step operations do depend on the prevailing system topology and the operating conditions.<br>Master of Science
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O'Regan, Brian C. "Dye sensitized n-p heterojunctions of titanium dioxide and copper thiocyanate, a new interface for photoinduced charge separation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8601.
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Landauer, Johann [Verfasser], Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Först, Sonja [Gutachter] Berensmeier, and Petra [Gutachter] Först. "Triboelectric separation - A new method to separate fine organic powders? / Johann Landauer ; Gutachter: Sonja Berensmeier, Petra Först ; Betreuer: Petra Först." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213026199/34.
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Bambaci, Juliana. "Presidential discretion in separation of powers systems /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Yowell, Paul. "Practical reason and the separation of powers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547825.
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Kyritsis, Dimitrios. "Divided authority : separation of powers and legal theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419037.
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Herold, Florian. "The Evolution of Reciprocity, Trust, and the Separation of Powers." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-32479.
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Alvey, John Ralph. "The Separation of Powers in Australia: Issues For the States." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16390/.
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A study of the separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial) in Australia at the Commonwealth and the State level including three Australian States, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. The separation of powers (SOP) theory from Locke and Blackstone is used for the SOP theory in Australia. In practice, the English rather than the American system of government and SOP is the model used for the Australian Commonwealth Government and SOP. The Commonwealth SOP is used as a guide for the States SOP. Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales are case studies used to compare and contrast with the Commonwealth. The concept of the SOP in Australia is articulated by the High Court and is derived from the Blackstonian SOP theory rather than the Federalist SOP theory. The implementation of the SOP theory into practice is problematic. The SOP theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand current events. The advantages and disadvantages or problems of the Commonwealth model are presented as a guide for the States. The same structure is used for the study of the three States in the form of the advantages and disadvantages or problems of the SOP at the State level. The entrenchment of the SOP at the State level will help to partly overcome the problems highlighted in the case study chapters. The federal SOP situation is better than at the State level but the entrenchment of Bills of Rights at the Commonwealth and State levels would help to counter the trend in reduction of civil rights. The SOP is important in protecting citizens from the abuse of government power. The lack of separation of powers, especially separation of judicial power at State level, has meant the increasing abuse of powers by the executive and the executive dominating the other two branches of government.
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Figueroa, Gutarra Edwin. "Separation of powers and constitutional judges: an approach of corrective roles." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116750.
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An approach of corrective roles of judges within the constitutional interpretation demands a number of parameters that must necessarily be made compatible with the principles, values and guidelines pursuant to contemporary legal systems. This study covers the dimensions of these corrective roles in the attempt to set reference lines on the delicate task of the constitutional judges in the defense of the effective exercise of the fundamental rights and the regulations’ primacy of the Constitution. Finally, this study investigates if there is a jurisdictional government and to what extent the neoconstitutionalism turns out to be a relevant matter in the interpretation of the Constitution.<br>Un enfoque de roles correctores de los jueces en la interpretación constitucional demanda una serie de parámetros que necesariamente deben ser compatibilizados con los principios, valores y directrices que informan los ordenamientos jurídicos contemporáneos. El presente estudio abarca las dimensiones de esos roles correctores en la pretensión de establecer líneas referenciales sobre la delicada labor de los jueces constitucionales en la defensa de la vigencia efectiva de los derechos fundamentales y de la primacía normativa de la Constitución. Indaga finalmente, si acaso existe un Estado jurisdiccional y en qué medida el neoconstitucionalismo resulta ser un elemento material relevante en la interpretación de la Carta Fundamental.
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Burnep, Gregory. "The War on Terror and the Separation of Powers Tug-of-War." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107180.
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Thesis advisor: Shep Melnick<br>Most of the literature on the separation of powers in the war on terror vastly overstates the power of the presidency and pays little attention to the respective roles of Congress, the courts, and the bureaucracy in prosecuting that conflict. Scholars – especially those in the legal academy – have consistently failed to appreciate the ways in which the president has been, and continues to be, checked and constrained by a variety of forces. In my dissertation, I engage in highly detailed case studies of U.S. law and policy with respect to detention and military commissions in the war on terror. I pay special attention to the complex interactions that occurred within and between our governing institutions in these policy areas. There are two central arguments that come out of my research and run through my case studies. First, the political scientist Robert Kagan’s work on “adversarial legalism” is no longer simply applicable to the domestic policy realm. The proliferation of legal rules and extensive litigation has increasingly come to characterize foreign affairs as well, with important consequences for how the U.S. implements its national security policies and fights its armed conflicts. In short, adversarial legalism has gone to war. Second, loose talk about the “unitary” nature of the executive branch is misleading. The executive branch is a sprawling bureaucracy made up of diverse actors with different perspectives, preferences, and norms, and that bureaucracy has interacted with Congress and the courts in surprising ways to constrain the presidency in the war on terror<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Political Science
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Peabody, Bruce Garen. "Recovering the political constitution nonjudicial interpretation, judicial supremacy, and the separation of powers /." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992886.
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Ruan, Anbang. "A separation-of-powers model for a trustworthy and open cloud computing ecosystem." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b025ee1-1f8c-4a6c-81be-14692ccd6de3.
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Most existing security enhancements lack a widely-agreed definition of trust. Trusted Cloud models have been proposed, which establish a Root-of-Trust inside the cloud and vouch for the trustworthiness of the cloud services. However, these are often impractical and ineffective due to the cloud's characteristics of complexity, heterogeneity, and dynamism. This dissertation thus focuses on how to effective manage the trust dynamics inside the cloud, and how to export trust to achieve practical cloud attestations. Firstly, a Separation-of-Powers (SoP) model is designed. It separates the authorities of a Cloud Service Provider, and allows different independent roles to participate in managing trust inside the cloud. The collaborative-restrictive relationship among these roles encourages a trustworthy and open cloud ecosystem. Secondly, three core components for implementing this model are designed, solving the problems of: how to effectively determine a Cloud Trusted Computing Base (cTCB) for a cloud application; how to define a Cloud Root-of-Trust (cRoT) for managing the trust evidence for this cTCB; and how to construct a Cloud Chain-of-Trust (cCoT) from the cRoT to export the trust evidence, and achieve cloud application attestations. Thirdly, simulators and prototypes are implemented to evaluate these core components. A Trusted MapReduce (TMR) system is also built as a case study to demonstrate how to utilize the trust services achieved by the SoP model. This dissertation demonstrates that, by correctly managing trust inside the cloud, the genuine behaviours of the cloud can be effectively inspected and verified. The SoP model builds trust from customers to the Cloud Services Providers. Trustworthiness supports security-critical cloud applications, which encourages a wider range of cloud users. Openness further brings a flourishing market to the ecosystem. It encourages many more diverse Cloud Service Providers to equally participate in the cloud ecosystem, regardless of their scale or capabilities. We believe that a model of this kind is important for achieving trustworthy governance in the cloud ecosystem. It could in turn help to promote a wider cloud model adoption.
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Luna, Juan Pablo. "Cameron, Maxwell A.. 2013. Strong Constitutions. Social-Cognitive Origins of the Separation of Powers." Politai, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91760.
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Salzberger, Eli M. "Economic analysis of the doctrine of separation of powers : the independence of the judiciary." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5dc9c87f-01a1-4fd7-a544-21c3aab6d8f0.
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This thesis attempts to apply an economic approach to deal with the positive analysis of the doctrine of separation of powers, focusing on the judicial branch of government, and more specifically on the question: why do we find an 'independent' judiciary as an almost universal phenomenon in democratic countries? The first part of the thesis sets the analytical framework - what I perceive as the broad and moderate view of the economic approach towards law - and defines the phenomenon of the independence of the judiciary to be examined - the gap between the structural independence of the judiciary and its substantive independence. It also includes a literature survey of previous work related to the economic analysis of the doctrine of separation of powers and the positive analysis of the judiciary. A theoretical discussion is in the focus of the second part. It departs from a critical view of the Landes-Posner model of the independence of the judiciary, and proceeds to offer an alternative model. The main argument of the thesis is that, in contrast to the traditional view of separation of powers, we have an independent judiciary because it is in the interests of the government of the day to maintain one. Such an institution is delegated legislative and other powers, by which politicians can maximize their self-goal choices. The third part of the thesis presents some empirical findings in an attempt to support the proposed positive model of judicial independence. A statistical approach is taken to investigate the decisions whether to promote judges from the English Court of Appeal to the House of Lords, shedding new light on attitudes of British governments towards the independence of the judiciary. A more descriptive-narrative approach is taken in the final chapter, portraying and analyzing the relations between the Israeli judiciary and the other branches of government. It is argued that the analysis of these relations lends support to the delegation theory of the independence of the judiciary.
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Goddard, Brenda J. (Brenda Jean) Carleton University Dissertation Central/East European and Russian-Area Studies. "Creating a constitutional democracy in Russia; the separation of powers and the Russian Constitutional Court." Ottawa, 1996.
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Neto, Octavio Amorim. "Of presidents, parties, and ministers : cabinet formation and legislative decision-making under separation of powers /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9824656.
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Bossi, Alessandra Maria. "New materials for separation and sensing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269533.
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Kiewiets, John Henry. "The possibilities of institutional dialogue in South Africa through weak form judicial review." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4434.
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The 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic and in enjoying this status it is prescribing the composition of the three different arms of government as well as each branch’s status within the new constitutional dispensation. Prior to this era of constitutional supremacy South Africa was subject to the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, an era where the courts could only challenge legislation on procedural grounds, but had no general power to declare legislation unconstitutional. The Constitution further provides for a separation of powers between these arms of government, and it has vested the judicial authority in the courts and conferred strong judicial review powers upon the Constitutional Court. The head of executive has recently argued that “the powers conferred on the courts cannot be regarded as superior to the powers resulting from a mandate given by the people in a popular vote”. The preceding quote is one of many statements and claims that forms part of a national debate on the nature and scope of the Constitutional Court’s powers in South Africa. The Constitutional Court has in recent years handed down judgments that were not favourable to the legislative6 and executive arms of the South African government.<br>Magister Legum - LLM
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Magar, Eric. "Bully pulpits : posturing, bargaining, and polarization in the legislative process of the Americas /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026372.
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BENTES, FERNANDO RAMALHO NEY MONTENEGRO. "THE BRAZILIAN SUPREME COURT: INSTITUTIONAL PATH AND THE SEPARATION OF POWERS GAME WITH THE NATIONAL CONGRESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29471@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A Constituição Federal brasileira fixou um desenho estrutural de competências que permite uma ampla atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a vida social e os ramos de governo. Desde 1988, houve uma evolução gradativa no exercício efetivo deste poder em relação ao Congresso Nacional, principalmente, nos julgados sobre comissões parlamentares de inquérito, sistema político e omissões inconstitucionais, enquanto as temáticas do impeachment presidencial, do processo legislativo e da perda de mandato por quebra de decoro parlamentar apresentaram uma reticência interventiva maior. A experiência do institucionalismo norte-americano e a análise destes seis campos jurisprudenciais por diferentes enfoques da teoria institucional – atitudinal, estratégico, constitutivo e histórico – demonstram que não há um panorama assimétrico entre os departamentos estatais. Na verdade, o jogo entre Poderes pode criar cenários conjunturais que libertam decisões baseadas na preferência individual dos julgadores ou que restringem a autonomia da Corte quando críticas ou retaliações externas ameaçam sua permanência e autoridade.<br>The Brazilian Federal Constitution established a framework of laws that allow for the Supreme Court to act over the social life and branches of the government. Since 1988 there has been a gradual evolution in the effective enforcing of this power over congress, mainly in judgements on parliamentary inquiry committees, the political system and unconstitutional omissions, while the topics of presidential impeachment, legislative process and removal from office for breach of congressional decorum met with greater reluctance to intervene. The North American experience in institutionalism and analysis of these six jurisprudential fields by different approaches to institutional theory - attitudinal, strategic, constituent and historical - demonstrate that the panorama among state departments is not asymmetric. In fact, the separation of powers game can create groups of scenarios that generate decisions based on the preference of individual judges, or that restrict the autonomy of the court when criticism or external retaliations threaten its authority.
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Kohn, Lauren Manon. "The burgeoning constitutional requirement of rationality and separation of powers has rationality review gone too far?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4710.
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This thesis presents an analysis of three recent judgments of our apex courts which collectively illustrate a maximising of the 'minimum threshold requirement' of rationality through the seemingly inexhaustible constitutional principle of legality. The question sought to be addressed is whether, in extending this baseline requirement to cover procedural fairness, reason-giving and something akin to proportionality, in the context of non-administrative action and in the absence of any meaningful engagement with the doctrine of separation of powers, the courts are going too far.
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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.
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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
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Shackleford, Caroline Sara. "The fate of Heath's special investigation unit : an evaluation in terms of the separation of powers doctrine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53119.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a response to the judgment of the Constitutional Court in South
African Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, in which certain provisions of the
Special Investigating Units and Special Tribunals Act were subjected to
constitutional review. The outcome of the case was the striking down of certain
provisions of the Act as unconstitutional, and the removal of Judge Willem Heath
from his position as head of the Unit. The provisions were said to infringe upon the
principle of separation of powers, an implicit term of the Constitution of South
Africa. This principle affects the extent of the judicial power because of its
influence on determining the acceptability of extra-judicial functions. The doctrine
of separation of powers is therefore considered in its historical and theoretical
context, with particular reference to the way in which it tends to limit or define the
role of judges. Following this analysis, the status of institutions supporting
constitutional democracy is examined, and the legislation governing Special
Investigating Units is compared with that which regulates the office of the Public
Protector. As a result, some alternative legislative means of achieving the ends of
the Units, namely the combating of state corruption and maladministration, are
suggested.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis volg op die uitspraak van die Grondwetlike Hof in South African
Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, waarin sekere bepalings van die Wet op Spesiale
Ondersoekeenhede en Spesiale Tribunale aan grondwetlike hersiening onderwerp
is. Die uitkoms van die saak was dat sekere ongrondwetlike bepalings van die Wet
ongeldig verklaar is, en dat Regter Willem Heath van sy posisie as hoof van die
Eenheid onthef is. Dit is bevind dat die bepalings die beginsel van skeiding van
magte, 'n implisiete term van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet, geskend het. As
gevolg van sy invloed op die bepaling van aanvaarbaarheid van buite-juridiese
funksies, beïnvloed dié beginsel die omvang van die juridiese mag. Die skeiding
van magte leerstuk word dus in sy historiese en teoretiese konteks oorweeg, met
spesifieke verwysing na die manier waarop dit neig om die rol van regters te beperk
of te omskryf. Na hierdie analise word die status ondersoek van instellings wat
grondwetlike demokrasie ondersteun, en die wetgewing wat die Spesiale
Ondersoekeenhede beheer, vergelyk met dié wat die Openbare Beskermer reguleer.
Op grond hiervan word sekere alternatiewe wetgewende metodes voorgestelom die
doeleindes van die Eenhede, naamlik die bekamping van staatskorrupsie en
wanadministrasie, te bereik.
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Ewbank, Mark. "The blended separation of powers and the organisation of party groups : the case of English local government." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1556/.
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In the Local Government Act 2000, central government mandated a change in political arrangements within English local authorities. Through introducing a blended separation of powers to the majority of local authorities, with a leader, cabinet and overview and scrutiny committees, the legislation moved the constitutional structure from a form of assembly government to a Westminster-style split between decision-makers and those who scrutinise those choices. One of the goals was to remove the party group grip on decision-making. Given the evidence of the strength of groups in authorities (Maud 1967, Widdicombe 1986, Copus 1999a) there are questions but no clear answers about how group behaviour has changed since this legislation (OPDM, 2002, Ashworth 2003, Copus & Leach, 2004, ELGNCE, 2004, 2006). This research assesses the impact of the change on major political parties. Due to the shift in the institutional environments, this thesis uses a rational choice institutionalist approach to consider how the legislation has affected groups; through assessing methods used to satisfice their goals. Using a mixed-methods approach incorporating survey research and case studies, the research has discovered that despite the reform to remove group influence, the legislation served to make local government more prone to domination by party groups.
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Wright, Sean J. "Distortion of Power: The State Secrets Privilege, Separation of Powers, and the Formation of an American King." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1241016671.
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Beharrell, Paul Anthony. "A new industrial application of magnetic separation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327333.
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Das, Cyrus Vimalakumar. "Emergency powers and parliamentary government in Malaysia : constitutionalism in a new democracy." Thesis, Brunel University, 1994. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5240.
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This thesis is a situational study of the use and exercise of emergency powers in Malaysia, undertaken from the perspective of the principles underlying the Malaysian Constitution. The primary focus and perspective are Malaysian, and I use comparative materials where I consider they may help to Illuminate that perspective and the way in which emergency powers have been used. A unique situation has been created whereby the Malaysian Government has the option of taking measures under one or other of two legal regimes. The thesis, therefore, examines the development of this parallel government system. it includes discussion of the considerations that animated writing reserve powers into the Malaysian Constitution and the near Institutionalisation of the state of emergency In Malaysia, using this historical background to focus on the role of the judiciary In crisis situations, the incorporation of certain traditional elements of Malay society into the Constitution, and the existence of racial 'bargaining' in developing the Constitution. The thesis then examines the distinct legal order created by a state of emergency, within the context of the reality of the Malaysian polity. Hence, there is an examination of the four actual instances when an emergency was proclaimed in the country. An examination is also undertaken of the various amendments made to Article 150 over the years which has reduced much of the safeguards originally built into the provision. This examination suggests that Article 150 in Its present form, is debilitative of parliamentary government largely because of the dual system of law-making created by a state of emergency. The thesis therefore provides an insight into the working of a major constitutional democracy seeking to reconcile the need to maintain emergency powers and realise the objective of a parliamentary system envisaged by its Federal Constitution.
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Calvert, Vanessa Yvonne. "Relationship between the executive and legislative authority in South Africa with reference to the role of the leader of government business in the legislative and oversight processes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5177.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPA<br>The relationship between the executive and the legislature in South Africa is
determined by the Constitution. The study focuses on the separation of powers
in a single party-dominant system and examines the role of the Leader of
Government Business in parliamentary processes. The Leader of Government Business is appointed by the President in terms of Section 91(4) of the Constitution. The role is outlined in the terms of National Assembly Rule (150), while the functions have been developed over time since 1994. Though an executive function an office in parliament was established to act as conduit between the executive and the legislature on matters relating to the legislative and oversight processes. The office mainly fulfills its role by monitoring government‟s legislative programme and ensuring that government‟s priorities are achieved. Over the past 15 years, the office of the LOGB has developed into one that performs a dual function supporting both the executive and the legislature. Parliament relies more and more on this office in executing its oversight responsibilities with regard to the functions of programming in ensuring the availability of the executive, tracking matters of executive compliance and tracking vacancies in institutions that support democracy. The study employed a combination of research methods. It used a desk top study approach by consulting relevant literature on the subject matter. Interviews were conducted with both politicians and relevant officials in the South African Parliament and the House of Commons in Britain to gauge their perceptions, knowledge and experiences in respect of the role of the executive and the legislature in the legislative and oversight processes. Reports of Portfolio and Select Committees on deliberations during the legislative and oversight processes were consulted.
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Greenfields, Margaret. "New Traveller families and post-separation parenting arrangements." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250845.
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Jenkins, David 1971. "Judicial review of unlawful combatant detentions under the United States Constitution." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103149.
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This thesis examines how United States federal courts can review the President's exercise of the war powers to detain American citizens, or non-citizens having similar rights, as unlawful combatants. It argues that the separation of powers doctrine, based on Lockean principles, permits probing judicial review of such an executive detention, where the President exercises the war powers in a way that effectively adjudicates individual rights or impacts upon domestic affairs.<br>The constitutional controversy over unlawful combatant detentions is fundamentally a separation of powers problem. Existing functionalist and formalist theories about the separation doctrine, as well as dichotomous debates about individual rights versus national security, fail to reconcile judicial deference to executive decisions in some war powers cases with closer scrutiny in others. This thesis therefore proposes a new separation of powers theory that explains the existing war powers jurisprudence, while establishing principles upon which courts can vigorously review future executive war powers decisions that interfere with individual rights or impact upon domestic matters, such as with the detention of a citizen as an alleged unlawful combatant.<br>The thesis first sets out a separation of powers theory based on the political thought of John Locke, placing upon each branch a fiduciary duty to make decisions only in ways best calculated to serve the public good. The "deliberative processes" approach to the separation doctrine, growing out of this fiduciary duty, functionally distributes constitutional power among the branches depending upon which one is most institutionally suited to resolve the matter at hand. Judicial application of the political question doctrine in past war powers cases demonstrates such a Lockean deliberative processes analysis, in the ways that courts have questioned judicial competency to scrutinize the executive's strategic military decisions. Cases dealing specifically with unlawful combatant detentions, in turn, show that judicial competence to review executive military decisions increases when the President functionally adjudicates individual rights of the citizen, a deliberative process for which the courts are more institutionally competent. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that courts can review executive unlawful combatant detentions under adjudicative standards of legality, procedural fairness, and reasonableness.
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Lorensson, Malin. "Diagnostic Powers : What a new diagnosis tells us about current workings of medicine." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50812.
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This essay researches current workings of medicine in relation to contested, female diagnoses. This is made by looking at the construction of the new psychological diagnosis Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in Swedish media, and relating it to a current trend seen in medicine; to medicalize women’s underperformance. A qualitative content analysis of 19 articles is conducted, showing that PMDD is constructed as; a biomedical fact and individual problem; a serious disease owned by the sufferers; and as something written out of the women’s self-image as a “not me”. These constructions are analysed with a theoretical framework built around the concept biomedicalisation, which we conceptualise as an exertion of biopower that shapes subjects in line with neoliberal ideals. Biopower is a concept from the Foucauldian notion of Governmentality, and describes power working on micro levels, through for example truth discourses, to make individuals understand and work on themselves as biological subjects. Our analysis shows that biopower can be seen to work through the different constructions of PMDD to shape self-managing, healthy subjects that are willing to biomedically change themselves in accordance with an ideological normal, but that this normal differs from that seen in research on other contested female diagnoses. To conclude we suggest that it would be more fruitful to look at biomedicalisation to understand current workings on female contested diagnoses, than to look at the trend on medicalisation of underperformance.
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Wilhelm, Teena. "Judicial Policymaking: The Preemptive Role of State Supreme Courts." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1228%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Tamulionytė, Aistė. "Prokuroras valdžių padalijimo sistemoje: procesinis aspektas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070110_224309-28260.
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Master Paper consist of an introduction, three supplementing each other parts, which first part determined position of prosecutor among system of state powers separation more in theoretic aspect, second part – in process aspect, third part gave some specific features of prosecutor powers, those analysis conclusion is given. At the end of the work the list of used literature, and a summary in Lithuanian and English languages is presented.
Meaning to discover in which aspect and volume of work the status or prosecutor will be investigating, a conception of principle of state powers separation and the main features of powers at first in work was discussed.
An analysis of prosecutor status among system of state powers separation makes the main part of work. At first analyzed position of prosecutor among system of state powers separation in theoretic aspect, development of status of prosecuting magistracy and relation between prosecuting magistracy and other powers in Lithuania position, examples of status of prosecutor among system of state powers separation in other countries, experience determining this relation, - that taking into account that it could be possible more comprehensively disclosed status of prosecutor and position at first among system of government powers separation and among system of other justice institutions. Two research social test of subjects of Master Paper made easer this work.
At the second part of work analyzed powers of prosecutors in... [to full text]
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Hoole, Grant Russell. "Judicial Inquiries and the Rule of Law." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32355.
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The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the conduct of judge-led commissions of inquiry in Canada could be improved, and rendered more consistent with purposive values embodied in the rule of law, were judicial commissioners to observe a principle of fidelity to adjudication.
The rule of law, practically understood as a political and legal ideal, treats independence as integral to the judicial role in interpreting and applying law, safeguarding the Constitution, and honouring individual rights. Public confidence in the independence and integrity of Canada’s judiciary flows not just from constitutional safeguards, however, but from judicial observance of adjudicative procedure. So too does confidence that in exercising their functions, judges respect the boundaries commanded by the separation of powers.
Contrary to categorical distinctions that are often drawn between commissions of inquiry and courts, adjudicative procedure is an essential feature of many inquiries. This is so because the participants in such inquiries legitimately demand an assurance of justice equivalent to that associated with traditional judicial proceedings. Recognizing this commonality does not mean burdening public inquiries with the evidentiary and procedural rigidity of courts. It does suggest, however, that adjudication has a valuable (if non-exclusive) role to play in the conduct of some inquiries, establishing a compelling reason why judges should be their leaders. Fidelity to adjudication directs judicial commissioners to account for this reality when confronting common dilemmas and challenges in inquiry conduct.
I explore the methodological implications of fidelity to adjudication in two broad areas, first concerning procedural fairness, and second concerning the protection of a commissioner’s independence. Finally, I consider how fidelity to adjudication establishes boundaries cautioning against judicial service in inquiries that demand different conceptions of justice, or advance different notions of truth-seeking, than those in which judges are traditionally informed. A principled alignment is thus established between judicial service on commissions of inquiry, judicial methods and skills, and observance of the rule of law.
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Zwingmann, Beke. "Separation of powers the 'German way'? : the relationship of the German Federal Government and Parliament in the EU context." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95422/.
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The thesis uses the doctrine of the separation of powers as the conceptual framework to analyse the jurisprudence of the German Federal Constitutional Court on EU matters from its early decisions to the latest cases on the European Stability Mechanism. The court’s decisions have been widely discussed in terms of the impact of European integration on democracy and democratic participation at the national level. The aim of the thesis is to put the court’s jurisprudence into a different context by reading it from the perspective of separation of powers in order to assess the impact of EU integration on the relationship between national institutions, specifically the German Federal government and parliament. The analysis will show that while the decisions on the ESM have overall strengthened the position of the Federal parliament in the particular subject-matter of those cases (budgetary control), this should not necessarily be understood as a re-definition of the relationship between the Federal government and parliament in the context of EU matters as a whole. By using the separation of powers as a framework for analysis, it becomes apparent that while the German constitutional system may seem to have acknowledged the different constitutional nature of the EU, the political institutions as well as the Federal Constitutional Court have yet to draw the necessary consequences for the relationship between the Federal government and parliament at national level: by treating EU matters merely as a ‘special kind’ of foreign affairs, the fundamental alteration of the balance of power between the executive and the legislative caused by European integration has gone unchecked by the German Federal Constitutional Court and has led to constitutional practices which arguably undermine not only the democratic accountability of the actions of the German Federal government but also the concept of separation of powers itself.
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Linton, Cynthia A. "Perspectives on Executive power: Legislative vs. Presidential War Powers in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1763.
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Wu, Si. "New techniques for proteomics study : instrumentation, separation, and application." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/s_wu_082306.pdf.
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Abadi, Bahador Makki. "New tensor factorization based approaches for blind source separation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543925.
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DiPaolo, Amanda. "The separation of powers : a framework for guiding judicial decision making when the executive limits individual liberties during armed hostilities." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Jaftha, Justin Willian. "What is the role of the Constitutional Court in Safe-guarding the separation of powers in a dominant party democracy?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29280.
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This thesis presents an analysis of the effect of dominant party democracy on South Africa’s traditional trilateral structures of government, with emphasis on the Constitutional Court. A dominant party democracy brings with it negative features, such as the blurring of boundaries of state and party, and the capturing of important institutions. In South Africa, it is specifically the capture of various independent institutions (state capture) by a dominant party and the placing of its members into these institutions to remove effective checks on the exercise of power by the government, which have been a worrying trend recently. This, in turn, spells rough weather ahead for our constitutional democracy, because it has the effect of withering down the effective system of checks and balances as part of the separation of powers doctrine in South Africa.The central question to explore in this thesis is thus. how the Constitutional Court can protect the democratic space by acknowledging the challenges posed by one-party dominance to democratic institutions and developing doctrines/strategies to deal with this, while not overstepping the mark and infringing on the separation of powers. This is not an easy task for the Constitutional Court to get exactly right. Thus, the Constitutional Court of South Africa has been widely criticised for avoiding any formal confrontation with the current government during its early years. Critics focused on cases such as the UDM floor crossing case and Glenister I. These two decisions have come under attack from constitutional law scholars, who labelled the Constitutional Court as a constrained court and argued that the court was not sufficiently pro-active in confronting the challenges of a dominant party democracy directly. This has led some scholars to the view that the South African Constitutional Court needs to develop a well thought through theory of the threat posed by the dominant party to the quality of South Africa’s democracy. The argument is that there may be a need for the South African Constitutional Court to develop a formal jurisprudence to deal with the negative consequences of a dominant party democracy. In this thesis, I will argue that this critique against the South African Constitutional Court seems out-of-date and, to some extent, overdone. The Constitutional Court in recent years has altered its approach and now deals differently (and more effectively) with the problems posed by dominant party democracy. This is evident from recent decisions such as the UDM secret ballot and two EFF judgments and the Glenister II judgment. In my view, the Constitutional Court has become more forceful in protecting the democratic space in South Africa because of changing political circumstances and because of the weakening position and complex, and sometimes contradictory, responses 8 from the ruling party in South Africa. At the same time, the Constitutional Court has acted with appropriate deference, addressing problems associated with one-party dominance while also showing adequate respect for the separation of powers doctrine. By adopting this approach, and if one views the Constitutional Court’s role through the lens of dominant party democracy, South African democracy – and South Africans themselves – have been better off. If the Court had taken a more forceful approach, it would have placed itself on a direct collision course with the ANC. That might have put the Court’s very existence at risk, and our hard-fought democracy.
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Almeen, Oscar, and Daniella Karlsson. "Verkligheten och Idealet -En komparativ analys av demokratiska staters förhållande till statsskickets idealtyper." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73045.
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The system of government in modern democratic states can be categorized as presidential, semi-presidential or parliamentary depending on its relationship between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. This relationship is known as the separation of powers and is often regulated by a written constitution. While there are many studies explaining the ideal system, there are few researches made as to whether the states correspond with their theoretical ideals. This study aims at explaining the theories of Giovanni Sartori regarding these three different systems of government and thus creating an ideal for each system. With the help of case studies of three different states representing each system the study analyses as to whether the states of each system correspond with its ideals. The states chosen for this purpose is Australia as a representative of the parlamentaristic state, France as a semi-presidential system and USA which is a presidential system. All three of them are using a bicameral legislature and have a written constitution. The study aims to analyse the systems through a comparative method using a qualitative text analysis of the material used. The results of this study shows that while the states at large resembles its ideal, there are some deviations. Australia and the United States of America fulfills Sartoris three criterias for their respective system, while France deviates from a majority of its ideal criterias as a hybrid semi-presidential system.
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Poulsen, Alexander. "Essays in Development and Labor Economics in Brazil:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109131.
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Thesis advisor: Arthur Lewbel<br>In my dissertation I studied the political economy of economic development as well as the the urban wage premium, all using data from Brazil. In the first chapter, which is joint work with Carlos Varjao, we analyze the effect that increased political opposition in the city council has on corruption and public service provision at the local level. In the second chapter I study the sources of the high wage premium observed in cities, including firm sorting, firm and occupational matching, and compensating wage differentials. Finally, in the third chapter I study what happens to the provision of public education when a school teacher is elected to the city council (which actually occurs quite frequently). More detailed summaries of each chapter follow below. Chapter 1: In 'Political Opposition, Legislative Oversight, and the Performance of the Executive Branch', we study the effect that increased political opposition has on corruption and other measures of the mayor's performance in Brazil. The separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches is a cornerstone of democracy. This system of checks and balances, however, can be circumvented by partisan loyalties if legislators strategically avoid exerting oversight when their own party controls the executive branch. It is thus an empirical question whether the separation of powers prevents the abuse of power in practice. We answer this question by measuring the extent to which members of political opposition parties in a city council effectively check the mayor's performance in Brazil. We employ a regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of an additional politically opposed legislator, and we find that political opposition increases oversight action and decreases corruption, with the effect fully concentrated on mayors facing reelection pressure. We trace the impact of oversight, via a reduction in healthcare spending irregularities, all the way to impacts on healthcare service delivery and health outcomes. Chapter 2: In 'Decomposing the Urban Wage Premium in Brazil: Firms, Matching, and Compensating Wage Differentials' I study the sources of the high wage premium observed in cities. In this chapter I used detailed employer-employee matched data from Brazil to understand 3 important elements of the urban wage premium: (1) the role of firms sorting into cities, (2) the role of firm and occupational matching in creating agglomeration economies, and (3) the role of compensating wage differentials. I first exploit identification from multi-city firms to show that positive selection of high-wage firms into larger cities accounts for 44% of what is often considered `agglomeration economies'. Then I show that improved firm and occupational matching together account for 87% of agglomeration effects. I then turn my attention to compensating wage differentials--- a possible explanation for the high-wage firms in cities. I estimate revealed-preference valuation of jobs, and show that jobs in cities in fact have better non-wage characteristics, and so high urban wages cannot be due to compensating wage differentials. This evidence together suggests that in Brazil, cities exist because they provide thick labor markets where high-wage firms and high-wage workers can go to find productive matches. Chapter 3: In 'Teachers in Politics: Teacher-Politicians, Gender, and the Representation of Public Education' I study what happens to public education in a city when a school teacher is elected to the city council, and I find that it depends on the gender of the teacher. Using a regression discontinuity design that exploits close elections, I find that when a female teacher is elected to the city council, the city hires both more teachers and more qualified teachers, and pays them more. Having a female teacher on the city council also increases the likelihood that the city's schools have necessary teaching resources, books, and financing, and possibly increases student test scores. No significant effect is found for male teachers elected to the city council. This difference may be due to different political career concerns for men versus women, a simple amplification of existing gender policy preference differences, or some mixture of the two<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
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CHAVES, ALEXANDRE DUQUE DE MIRANDA. "THE ANTI-MAJORITY ASPECT OF THE SENATE FROM A MIXED GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE AND THE SEPARATION OF POWERS: A BRAZILIAN BICAMERALISM ANALYSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17618@1.
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O presente trabalho se propõe a demonstrar o caráter contramajoritário do
Senado sob a óptica do governo misto e da separação de poderes e suas
implicações na formação do bicameralismo brasileiro. Para tanto, demonstraremos
como as idéias de Políbio, através do governo misto, e de Montesquieu, pela
teoria da separação de poderes, operaram a divisão de classes e
institucionalizaram a separação político-social. A seguir, com base nos autores
dos artigos do Federalista, veremos de que forma o sistema de checks and
balances atuou como freio ao ímpeto popular. Mostraremos que o Senado é uma
peça importante dentro do sistema de freios e contrapesos, destinada a limitar a
soberania popular. Por fim, analisando o processo de formação do bicameralismo
no Brasil, mostraremos como esse sistema serve para manter os privilégios de
uma classe econômica privilegiada. Não obstante o argumento de que o Senado é
a casa de representação dos Estados federados, veremos que sua principal função
tem sido a de conservadorismo e moderação.<br>This article tries to demonstrate the anti-majority aspect of the Senate from
a Mixed Government perspective and the separation of powers and its
implications in forming Brazilian bicameralism. We will therefore show how
Polybius’, through the Mixed Government, and Montesquieu s ideas, through the
power separation theory, operated the division of classes and institutionalized
political social separation. After that, based on articles of the authors of the
Federalist Papers, we shall see how the checks and balances system has acted as a
brake on the popular impetus. We will show how Senate is an important piece
inside the system of brakes and counterweights intended to limit people s
sovereignty. Finally, by analyzing the process to create bicameralism in Brazil, we
will show how this system can maintain the privileges of a privileged economic
class. Notwithstanding the argument that Senate is the house for representation of
the Federate States, we will see that its main function has been that of
conservatism and moderation.
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Low, Philip Steven. "A new way to look at sleep separation & convergence /." Diss., View abstract only; access to full text of dissertation for UC campuses will be available after March 1, 2012, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284313.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 2, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hsu, Chia-Chang. "New approaches to the production and separation of recombinant proteins." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4956/.
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Fab fragments are invaluable for therapeutic and diagnosis purposes. The robust and low cost Escherichia coli expression system for Fab production seems promising. However, Fab production in E. coli currently suffers from low yield and poor solubility. In this study, E. coli strain CLD048 was initially employed for the production of Fab D1.3 target yield of ≥ 100 mg/L. Unfortunately, the fermentation was unsuccessful. Thus, several strategies for improving Fab production were explored. Consequently, the majority of Fab was accumulated in the periplasm, the overall Fab yield was increased and the solubility of Fab D1.3 was improved. Subsequently, optimising release conditions for periplasmic proteins was investigated. A successful fermentation was demonstrated by expressing A33 Fab' in E. coli strain W3110 (yield ≥ 300 mg/L in the periplasm). Various selective protein release methods were investigated. Crude E. coli periplasmic extract containing A33 Fab' was directly employed in the AMTPS, which successfully demonstrated the feasibility of continuous protein separation with a highly purified final product (~98%). In other work, thermo-responsive polymer brush surface modified M-PVA were benchmarked against Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow. Two coloured proteins were employed to exploit the feasibility of thermally mediated target protein elution under binding conditions.
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Pezelier, Baptiste. "Separation of variables and new quantum integrable systems with boundaries." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN016/document.
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Les principaux outils pour la compréhension du comportement macroscopique desystèmes quantiques à partir de leur description microscopique sont la déterminationdu spectre du Hamiltonien associé et le calcul des fonctions de corrélation. Cettethèse se place dans le cadre du développement d’un tel programme de recherche afind’étudier des systèmes intégrables quantiques avec des conditions aux bordsintégrables générales, le but à long terme étant la description exacte d’une physiquequantique hors équilibre.Plus spécifiquement, nous avons analysé la classe des systèmes intégrablesquantiques sur réseau associés aux représentations cycliques de l’algèbre de réflexionà 6-vertex, avec comme exemples les modèles de sine Gordon et de Potts chiral avecconditions aux bords intégrables.Une large partie du travail a été consacrée au développement de la méthode deséparation quantique des variables pour résoudre le problème spectral de la matricede transfert de ces modèles avec conditions de bords intégrables les plus générales,en étendant l’idée des transformations de jauge de Baxter à ces algèbres de réflexion.Nous avons caractérisé complètement le spectre de la matrice de transfert (valeurspropres et vecteurs propres) en termes des solutions d’un système discret d’équationspolynomiales et d’une façon équivalente en termes des solutions, dans une certaineclasse de fonctions, d’une équation de type Baxter fonctionnelle. Cela permet de fairele lien dans certains cas particuliers avec la méthode de l’anstaz de Bethe algébriquequi ne permet pas d’étudier ces modèles en toute généralité.Nous avons ensuite construit des familles de nouveaux Hamiltoniens locaux avecconditions aux bords intégrables qui commutent avec la matrice de transfert. Pour cefaire nous avons défini une hiérarchie de nouvelles équations de réflexion mélangeantdifférentes représentations de l’algèbre quantique à 6-vertex et utilisant entre autres,la matrice R fondamentale cyclique<br>The main theoretical tools to understand the macroscopic behaviour of quantumsystems from their microscopic description are the determination of theirHamiltonian spectrum and the computation of their correlation functions. This thesistakes place in the development of such a research program to study quantumintegrable models with general integrable boundary conditions, the long-range goalbeing to be able to exactly describe out of equilibrium physics.More specifically, we have analysed the class of integrable quantum models on thelattice associated to cyclic representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra,including as particular cases the lattice sine- Gordon model at root of unity and thechiral Potts model with general integrable boundaries.A large part of the work has been devoted to the development of the quantumseparation of variables method to solve the spectral problem for these models withgeneral integrable boundary conditions, by generalising the Baxter’s gaugetransformations to these cyclic reflection algebras.We have completely characterised the transfer matrix spectrum (both eigenvaluesand eigenstates) in terms of the set of solutions to a discrete system of polynomialequations and equivalently as the set of solutions, in a given class of functions, to aBaxter like functional equation. This last point allows in particular cases to make alink with the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz approach, which in general, cannot be used forthe study of these models.We have then constructed families of new local Hamiltonians with integrableboundaries commuting with the above transfer matrix. To that end, we have defined ahierarchy of new mixed reflection equations, involving different representations ofthe 6-vertex algebra and using, among others, the fundamental R-matrix
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Mwakapenda, Willy. "New Forms of Assessment in the South African Curriculum Assessment Guidelines: What Powers do Teachers Hold?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80726.
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This article opens up a discussion on the power that teachers have in mathematics curriculum at the Further Education and Training level. It is related to the general question: who holds the power in school mathematics education in South Africa? To what extent is the teacher given an opportunity to exercise their power in mathematics assessment? If the teacher is given power, what does that power allow teachers to do, and under what conditions does this happen? The case of mathematics is presented here to illustrate the above complex questions of teacher power in new forms of assessment in the curriculum.
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Bahamón, García Daniel. "New generation adsorbents for gas separation: from modeling to industrial application." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325690.
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Teniendo en cuenta el rápido aumento de la población y el crecimiento en el consumo de energía como consecuencia de grandes progresos en transporte y tecnología, el desarrollo sostenible es de especial relevancia pues sugiere la búsqueda de formas de mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, incluyendo la captura y almacenamiento de carbono (o utilización), la eficiencia energética, fuentes alternativas de energía y ahorro de energía, como ya se ha sugerido por el protocolo de Kioto y los informes del IPCC. De ahí que en los últimos años se haya dedicado un esfuerzo considerable a desarrollar tecnologías para la captura y almacenamiento de CO2 a partir de fuentes concentradas de emisión.
Además de establecer nuevas tecnologías, durante las últimas décadas la ciencia de materiales sólidos porosos se ha convertido en una de las áreas más intensas de investigación y desarrollo para químicos, físicos y científicos de materiales. De hecho, se ha avanzado considerablemente en el desarrollo de nuevos adsorbentes para diversos procesos de separación. Por ejemplo, las estructuras órgano-metálicas (MOFs) han ido ganando considerable atención como materiales prometedores para aplicaciones de almacenamiento y separación de gases, debido a sus propiedades excepcionales. Sin embargo, es necesaria una comprensión a nivel molecular de la adsorción de gases para acelerar el diseño y desarrollo de aplicaciones a la carta. También es fundamental conocer el comportamiento bajo condiciones de humedad e impurezas, como se tiene normalmente en aplicaciones industriales específicas.
El trabajo desarrollado en esta Tesis Doctoral destaca el uso de técnicas de simulación molecular para la optimización de procesos relacionados con el medio ambiente. El objetivo general se centra en avanzar en el campo de materiales para la captura y separación de dióxido de carbono a condiciones de proceso. Se considera de manera explícita la influencia del vapor de agua e impurezas, tanto a la luz de los fundamentos de la adsorción como en la aplicación para la captura de CO2 por post-combustión mediante ciclos de adsorción por oscilación.
Partiendo de una breve descripción de los fundamentos de la adsorción y de las simulaciones moleculares, se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de estudios recientes de materiales para captura y separación de CO2, proporcionando así información valiosa para su aplicación industrial. Basados en esta revisión, se han estudiado en detalle algunos de los materiales más prometedores para un proceso de adsorción por cambio de temperatura (TSA) basado en simulaciones moleculares, proponiéndose un nuevo procedimiento para la evaluación y optimización de los sistemas de captura en condiciones reales. Dada la gran influencia de trazas de agua en la separación, se investiga también el CuBTC (uno de los MOF más estudiados y estables en agua) en comparación con la zeolita de referencia 13X. Se examina en detalle el efecto de las especies coexistentes, así como la influencia del agua y SO2 en los gases de combustión, con el fin de llegar a una mejor comprensión de la capacidad de adsorción, la selectividad, la localización de las moléculas en el material, las distribuciones de calor isostérico y su relación con el proceso.
Asimismo, se han llevado a cabo estudios paramétricos detallados para una investigación comparativa de la separación de mezclas multi-componentes de gases de combustión mediante el uso de otras zeolitas como caolinita y chabacita. Y finalmente, se presenta un trabajo adicional relacionado con otro problema medioambiental: la separación de un contaminante (ibuprofeno) en agua, mediante el uso de carbones activados, usando las mismas técnicas computacionales, demostrando así la versatilidad de las herramientas empleadas para este tipo de sistemas.<br>Given the rapid increase in population and the growth in energy consumption as a consequence of major developments in transportation and technology, sustainable development is of special relevance, suggesting ways to mitigate greenhouse gases emissions, including carbon capture and storage (or utilization, CCSU), energy efficiency, alternative energy sources and energy savings, as already suggested by the Kyoto’s Protocol and the IPCC reports. Hence, much effort has been devoted in recent years to develop technologies for capture and storage of CO2 from concentrated sources of emission.
Apart from establishing new technologies, over the last decades the science of porous solid materials has become one of the most intense areas of research and development for chemists, physicists, and materials scientists. In fact, considerable progress has been made in recent years on the development of novel adsorbents. For instance, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining considerable attention as promising nanoporous materials for gas storage and gas separation applications due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, and have already been demonstrated to be promising materials in the separation of different gases, however, a molecular level understanding of gas adsorption in the pores is crucial to accelerate the design and development of these and other applications. It is also fundamental to know their behavior under moisture conditions and impurities content, as normally found at specific industrial applications.
The work developed in this Thesis highlights the use of molecular simulation techniques for optimizing environmental related processes, providing new procedures to assess the use of these materials from their fundamental knowledge until their applications at industrial conditions. The overall objective is to advance in the field of materials for CO2 capture and separation at process conditions. The influence of water vapor and impurities is explicitly considered, both, in the light of the fundamentals of adsorption and in the application for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture by swing adsorption cycles.
Starting from a brief description of the fundamentals of adsorption and molecular simulations, a novel throughout review on recent studies of materials for CO2 capture and separation is presented, thus providing valuable information to assess their industrial application. Based on this review, some of the most promising materials for CO2 separation in a Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) process have been studied in detail by using molecular simulations (compared to experimental data when available), proposing a new process for the evaluation and optimization capture systems under real conditions. In addition, given the great influence of water as a trace compound on the separation, CuBTC (one of the most studied MOFs, stable in water and with potential for industrial application) has been investigated in comparison to the benchmark zeolite 13X. The effect of the coexisting species as well as the influence of water and SO2 in flue gas is examined in detail in order to reach a better understanding of the adsorption capacity, selectivity, adsorption density location and isosteric heat distributions.
And finally, detailed parametric studies have been carried out for a comparative computational investigation for separating of multi-component mixtures of flue gas by using other representative zeolites such as kaolinite and chabazite. Additional work, related to another environmental problem: the separation of a pollutant (ibuprofen) in water, by using activated carbons, is also presented here, demonstrating the versatility of the tools used for these types of systems.