Academic literature on the topic 'New suspension means'
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Journal articles on the topic "New suspension means"
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Lakevičs, Vitālijs, Valentīna Stepanova, and Augusts Ruplis. "Thixotropic Properties of Latvian Clays." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.903.
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This research studies Latvia originated Devon (Tūja, Skaņkalne), quaternary (Ceplīši), Jurassic, (Strēļi) and Triassic (Vadakste) deposit clays as well as Lithuania originated Triassic (Akmene) deposit clays. Thixotropic properties of clay were researched by measuring relative viscosity of clay in water suspensions. Relative viscosity is measured with a hopper method. It was detected that, when concentration of suspension is increased, clay suspension’s viscosity also increases. It happens until it reaches a certain boarder point when viscosity increases significantly – a dramatic rise is shown on the curve. It means that clay particles make a lace-like, easily broken structure. Impact of chemical reagents on clay suspensions’ thixotropic properties is researched. Experimental results obtained on the new materials with thixotropic properties will allow precise definition of production technologies and usage of a new approach in development of motivation products. Likewise, the results will make an important investment in establishing a thixotropic material description methodology.
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Seto, Kazuto. "Special Issue on Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and, Control." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 4 (August 20, 1995): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0273.
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Various attempts have been made from olden days on vehicles for better riding comfort and for improved maneuverability. Past vehicles have achieved vibration isolation performance, which relaxes impact from road surfaces, by means of link mechanisms and passive suspensions consisting of springs and dampers, as well as basic motion performance such as running, turning, and stopping. However, as far as passenger cars are concerned, a passive suspension has its own limitation, and the contradiction that if riding comfort is to be improved at low speeds, the maneuverability during high-speed operations becomes bad has not been solved. Demand of users has become stronger and stronger for vehicles which satisfy riding comfort and maneuverability at the same time. Moreover, as far as trains are concerned, the past technology has increased the vibration of trains as they are operated at higher speeds; thus a drop in riding comfort has been a cause for preventing high-speed operations. Nevertheless, in line with progress in mechatronic technology, active suspensions have been adopted aggressively in automobiles and trains in recent years, and attempts have been started for improving both riding comfort and maneuverability to satisfy demand of users. Some passenger cars have already appeared which are equipped with an active suspension. A similar trend is found in the case of trains; by the introduction of active suspensions, operations of trains on conventional lines at higher speeds are being started. Under these circumstances, this special issue has been created. Although high performance in vehicles may be achieved by means of active suspensions, the problem of increased energy consumption has become a serious issue, which has been brought to the fore with the bursting of the bubble. This problem seems to be solved by saying how effectively semi-active suspensions may be realized. In this special issue, new trends have been taken up, such as vehicle dynamics, design theory on active suspension systems, reduction of engine vibration by optimum design of hydraulic engine mounts, design of control systems for neural networks of semi-active suspension systems, control of variable structures of suspension systems, predictive control, magnetic levitation suspension, etc. It is hoped that these articles will be useful in future research.
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Luccia, N. De, and H. L. T. Marino. "Case study: Fitting of electronic elbow on an elbow disarticulated patient by means of a new surgical technique." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 24, no. 3 (December 2000): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640008726556.
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Rehabilitation of transhumeral amputees represents a challenge. One of the difficulties to overcome is prosthetic suspension. In the case of elbow disarticulation the presence of humeral condyles permits better suspension, but there is no room for elbow joints, particularly electronic ones, and the only available mechanisms are provided by external hinges. The purpose of this report is to present a case of a primarily elbow disarticulated patient, with indication for surgical revision due to bad skin coverage, neuroma and the wish to improve prosthetic fitting. The surgical plan outlined was to produce a shortening of the humerus, by means of an osteotomy just above the humeral condyles, preserving them for prosthetic suspension. This bone reduction was carried out with complementary shaping of bone segments with an indentation to enhance fixation. The operation was completed with neuroma resection, myodesis and removal of the skin grafted area. Preservation of the humeral condyles actually produced effective suspension. For final fitting a Utah Arm II was used, with wrist rotator, and interchangeable hand and Greifer for terminal devices. Good initial results and at nine months followup suggest this procedure should be considered in other elective situations.
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Blum, Krieg, Killinger, Gadow, Luth, and Trenkle. "High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS) of Metal Suspensions." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030621.
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Thermal spraying of metal materials is one of the key applications of this technology in industry for over a hundred years. The variety of metal-based feedstocks (powders and wires) used for thermal spray is incredibly large and utilization covers abrasion and corrosion protection, as well as tribological and electrical applications. Spraying metals using suspension- or precursor-based thermal spray methods is a relatively new and unusual approach. This publication deals with three metal types, a NiCr 80/20, copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), sprayed as fine-grained powders dispersed in aqueous solvent. Suspensions were sprayed by means of high-velocity suspension spraying (HVSFS) employing a modified TopGun system. The aim was to prepare thin and dense metal coatings (10–70 µm) and to evaluate the process limits regarding the oxygen content of the coatings. In case of Cu and Ag, possible applications demand high purity with low oxidation of the coating to achieve for instance a high electrical conductivity or catalytic activity. For NiCr however, it was found that coatings with a fine dispersion of oxides can be usable for applications where a tunable resistivity is in demand. The paper describes the suspension preparation and presents results of spray experiments performed on metal substrates. Results are evaluated with respect to the phase composition and the achieved coating morphology. It turns out that the oxidation content and spray efficiency is strongly controlled by the oxygen fuel ratio and spray distance.
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Marcovich, N. E., M. L. Auad, N. E. Bellesi, S. R. Nutt, and M. I. Aranguren. "Cellulose micro/nanocrystals reinforced polyurethane." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 870–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0105.
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Nano- and micron-sized cellulose crystals were prepared and utilized as reinforcements for polyurethane composites. The cellulose crystals obtained from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were incorporated into a polar organic solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF), and ultrasonicated to obtain a stable suspension. The suspension was an effective means for incorporating the cellulose crystals into the polyol-isocyanate mixture, utilized to produce polyurethane composite films. The use of DMF presents an interesting alternative for the use of cellulose crystals as reinforcement of a broad new range of polymers. Moreover, the rheology of the uncured liquid suspensions was investigated, and analysis of the results indicated the formation of a filler structure pervading the liquid suspension. Besides, films were prepared by casting and thermal curing of the stable suspensions. Thermomechanical and mechanical testing of the films were carried out to analyze the performance of the composites. The results indicated that a strong filler-matrix interaction was developed during curing as a result of a chemical reaction occurring between the crystals and the isocyanate component.
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Yang, Lin, Ruochen Wang, Xiangpeng Meng, Zeyu Sun, Wei Liu, and Yong Wang. "Performance analysis of a new hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system with semi-active control effect." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 7 (January 6, 2020): 1883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019894189.
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This paper develops a hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system theoretical model to analyze its performance, based on the mechanical network theory of inerter and semi-active control. Comparison of the stiffness and damping characteristics among a passive hydropneumatic suspension system, semi-active hydropneumatic suspension system based on skyhook control, and hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system is conducted. Moreover, the relationship between the internal coefficient of the inerter and the damping coefficient of the hydropneumatic suspension is investigated. The simulation results of the flow–volume curves of the hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system are close to those of the semi-active hydropneumatic suspension system based on skyhook control. Furthermore, the performance of a quarter vehicle model with the hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system is analyzed and compared to that with the semi-active hydropneumatic suspension system based on skyhook control. The simulation results show that the performance of the hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system is as good as that of the semi-active hydropneumatic suspension system based on skyhook control, which means that the hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system can achieve similar performance for semi-active control suspension. Finally, a prototype is developed, and a comparative bench test is carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulations. In addition, the hydropneumatic inerter-based suspension system can achieve semi-active control performance without additional hardware or energy loss.
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Shi, Xiao Hui, Hong Li Gao, and Ming Heng Xu. "Optimization Design of Automobile Suspension Springs Based on BP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.82.
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In order to optimize the arithmetic of the automobile suspension springs, the optimization algorithm of spring stress model based on BP neural networks was proposed. The various models of suspension spring were aggregated and analyzed, the parallel genetic algorithm for the suspension springs was proposed in this paper as well. And the spring models can be optimized fast and efficiently by the algorithm. Aiming at different models, the maximum stress point and the distribution law are given by means of experimental verifications. A new stress analysis method and a new estimate rule for the design of automotive suspension springs are provided by this method.
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Qiu, Jing, Rui Li Shen, and Huai Guang Li. "Mechanics Characteristics Study for Cable-Stayed-Suspension Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1817.
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As a composite structure, the cable-stayed-suspension bridge is characterized by relatively new structure, great overall stiffness and long-span capacity, which has been proposed for the design of some extra long-span bridges. In order to research further into the mechanics characteristics of this type of structural system, the proposed preliminary design of a cable-stayed-suspension bridge with a main span of 1800m is analyzed by means of finite element simulation method. The advantages on overall stiffness in the cable-stayed-suspension bridge are summarized in comparison with the three-span suspension bridge and the single-span suspension bridge. Then, the reasons for the fatigue of the longest suspension cables in the cable-stayed-suspension bridge are also discussed in this paper.
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Zheng, Hong Yu, Huai Yan Jiang, and Zhi Tao Lu. "Natural Vibration Characteristics of Long-Span Suspension Bridge with CFRP Cables." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1708.
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A non-corrosion, high strength, light weight material – carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is introduced to replace steel as cable system in long-span suspension bridge for improving loading efficiency, reducing maintenance cost, enlarging the span of suspension bridge. The natural vibration characteristics of such new suspension bridge with CFRP cables are investigated by means of finite element in this paper. Two 2000m-span suspension bridges with steel cables and CFRP cables respectively are designed, analyzed, verified and compared. The analysis results provide a picture of the changes in natural vibration characteristics and the wind stability and earthquake-resistant behavior are briefly discussed if CFRP cables were applied.
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Cheng, Fei, Jing Yi Zhao, Rui Guo, and Bing Yu Sun. "The Noise Fault Analysis and Exclusion in Self-Propelled Transporter Hydraulic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.138.
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Noise is one of the common faults in hydraulic system. The correct analysis and deal with the noise will make for the normal operation and optimization of the system. In view of the noise of a new self-propelled transporter suspension hydraulic system produced in the debugging process of the heavy load lifting when suspension falling, by means of mechanism analysis, modeling and simulation analysis of the suspension hydraulic system, finding out the noise comes from the hydraulic component of system with SV type pilot check valve; The noise fault is caused by the improper circuit design of hydraulic system, the feasibility of the using the SL type pilot check valve to eliminate suspension hydraulic system noise proved by the simulation analysis, in the field test of the improved suspension hydraulic system, the suspension falling gentle and noise elimination, which shows that the analysis and simulation model is correct; Through the comparison and analysis on the SV type and SL type kinds of pilot check valve on the reasonable application in the hydraulic circuit isolation, that provides a theoretical basis for the correct selection two kinds of pilot check valve.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New suspension means"
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Moravec, Josef. "Osobní výtah pro obytné budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231640.
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Master’s thesis deals with application of new suspension means for personal elevator instead of conventional steel wire rope includes calculation of traction. Followed by assessment of passive resistance generated by guiding elevator on guide rails and caused by various locations of suspension and guiding (car guide rails). In the last part of thesis contains a strength analysis of car frame by Finite elements method (FEM) in programme NX I-deas.
Books on the topic "New suspension means"
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Boggs, Colleen Glenney. Patriotism by Proxy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863670.001.0001.
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Patriotism by Proxy develops a new understanding of the connections between American literature and American lives by focusing on a historic moment when the military transformed both. At the height of the Civil War in 1863, the Union instated the first-ever federal draft. Paired with the Emancipation Proclamation, the draft inaugurated new relationships between the nation and its citizens. A massive bureaucratic undertaking, the draft redefined the American people as a population. Equitable as the system was in theory, the draft laid bare social divisions, as wealthy draftees could hire substitutes to serve in their stead. A unique feature of the Civil War draft, substitutes reflect the transformation of how the state governed American life: the draft is the context in which American politics met and also transformed into a new kind of biopolitics. Replicating the core assumption of representative democracy that enables one person to stand in as a political proxy for another, the substitute took the place of the draftee and stood in uneasy relationship to the volunteer. Censorship and the suspension of habeas corpus prohibited free discussions over the draft’s significance, making literary devices and genres the primary means for deliberating over the changing meanings of political representation and citizenship. Assembling an extensive textual and visual archive, Patriotism by Proxy examines the draft as a cultural formation that operated at the nexus of political abstraction and embodied specificity, where the definition of national subjectivity was negotiated in the interstices of what it means to be a citizen-soldier.
Book chapters on the topic "New suspension means"
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Minor, Mirjam, Alexander Tartakovski, Daniel Schmalen, and Ralph Bergmann. "Agile Workflow Technology for Long-Term Processes." In Methodological Advancements in Intelligent Information Technologies, 279–98. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-970-0.ch014.
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The increasing dynamics of today’s work impacts the business processes. Agile workflow technology is a means for the automation of adaptable processes. However, the modification of workflows is a difficult task that is performed by human experts. This chapter discusses the novel approach of agile workflow technology for dynamic, long-term scenarios and on change reuse. First, it introduces new concepts for a workflow modelling language and enactment service, which enable an interlocked modelling and execution of workflows by means of a sophisticated suspension mechanism. Second, it provides new process-oriented methods of case-based reasoning in order to support the reuse of change experience. The results from an experimental evaluation in a real-world scenario highlight the usefulness and the practical impact of this work.
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Lake, Peter, and Michael Questier. "The New Appeal." In All Hail to the Archpriest, 94–132. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840343.003.0006.
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The first appeal was a comprehensive failure, but this did not mean that Blackwell’s and the Society’s critics simply gave up. The arguably unwise labelling of them as schismatics, and the suspension of several of the archpriest’s opponents, triggered a new appeal which, for complex political reasons, had the support of the French monarchy and of intellectuals in the Sorbonne. It also had the backing of figures inside the late Elizabethan regime, notably Richard Bancroft. This was the period which saw the publication of the principal texts of the controversy. Some of the appellants’ pamphlets were published on a royal press. The assistance rendered to these Catholics produced fury among those who regarded it as evidence of a popish conspiracy inside the regime. The new appeal was heard in Rome during 1602.
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Detterman, Robin, Jenny Ventura, Lihi Rosenthal, and Ken Berrick. "Schools as Systems." In Unconditional Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886516.003.0007.
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The work of changing schools means acknowledging that we are, in fact, changing systems. Often, these are long-established systems enacted by multiple stakeholders invested in their preservation. Many efforts to promote educational equity attempt to tackle a single problematic aspect of the school in the hope that addressing an identified need in one area will improve the system as a whole. Some schools adopt a new math curriculum, hoping it will yield higher 4-year graduation rates. Other schools introduce computer-based learning, believing it will improve the ability of teachers to differentiate content. Still others practice mindfulness with students to reduce suspension rates. Efforts such as these are praiseworthy, but the piecemeal approach often fails to translate into meaningful change. At the other extreme, many schools choose to implement various reform efforts simultaneously—a new math curriculum, for instance, supplemented by computer-based learning and followed by a schoolwide mindfulness exercise. The result, generally, is mile-wide and inch-deep efforts that leave already overtaxed schools and principals with the challenge of running multiple initiatives at once, very likely without the resources to implement any one of them successfully (Cuban, 1990). Piecemeal or duplicative approaches to school transformation are particularly troubling as they rarely produce the systemic transformation required to reduce broadscale inequities within the system. When problems are identified in isolation, solutions tend to address symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the most acute or prevalent manifestations. More often than not, addressing the root cause requires some level of attention to the system itself. When these systems-level changes are ignored, similar problems are likely to occur again in the future. Nowhere is this more true than in the systems designed to address learning and mental health challenges in schools. Special education services rely largely on pull-out approaches to service delivery only after students have shown substantial deficits in their learning. The words mental health are often synonymous with clinicians providing closed-door therapy to specific students or supporting young people with disabilities who have been placed in specialized, segregated settings.
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Michalski, Krzysztof. "Eternal Love." In The Flame of Eternity, translated by Benjamin Paloff. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691143460.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses the meaning of “eternal love.” This love is a trace of eternity. It is the presence of eternity in time. It is the revelation of a certain kind of “now”—the discovery of that “now” which signifies “always.” It is the suspension of time. If “now” means as much as “always,” the difference between “now” and “yesterday,” as well as “now” and “tomorrow”—and thus time itself—loses its meaning. Perhaps, the chapter speculates, in this way the human is connected to the divine. Maybe in this love, something more comes to the fore: a deep dimension of life as it is.
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Whyte, David. "The Neo-Colonial State of Exception in Occupied Iraq." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 298–313. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9675-4.ch015.
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This paper explores the immediate post-conflict period following the 2003 Coalition invasion of Iraq, analysing the political strategy of economic exceptionalism violently and illegally imposed by the Coalition partners. The government of occupation, Coalition Provisional Authority, (CPA) ensured the disbursal of revenue and the accumulation of profits at an accelerated rate with few administrative controls or mechanisms of accountability. In the case of the post-invasion transformation of Iraq, routine corporate criminality, facilitated by the government of occupation, is revealed as an important means of producing and reproducing (neo) colonial power relations. The systematic corruption of the reconstruction economy unfolded in a liminal space opened up by the suspension of law. This neo-colonial ‘state of exception' became the mode of domination that sough political and social transformation as part of the ‘reconstruction' process in post-Saddam Iraq.
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Tshifhumulo, Rendani, Faith F. Musvipwa, Tshimangadzo Justice Makhanikhe, and Livhuwani Daphney Tshikukuvhe. "Towards an African-Centered Model of Learning." In Ethical Research Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge Education, 155–77. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1249-4.ch007.
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This chapter interrogates the current teaching and learning strategies in South African higher institutions of learning in relation to the negligence of cultural aspects. For many years now, the general population in South Africa agitated for the amendment or annulment of the current education system as a means of restoring the African norms and values. The suspension and/or expulsion of some African students from schools due to their adherence to African values is a vivid example of how the education system undermines African cultures and traditions. The chapter deliberated on story telling as one of the methods that is relevant for Indigenous Knowledge Systems. On the central argument of the chapter the authors conversed on colonialisation and its impact on education in South Africa. OBE and the revised national curriculum statement and the crises in South African education system are discussed. The chapter ends by interrogating the possibility of using African Languages in the school curriculum.
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Lindsay Bashford, C. "Spectrophotometry and fluorimetry of cellular compartments and Intracellular processes." In Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638130.003.0015.
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Optical spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry and fluorimetry can be used to monitor processes occurring in living cells provided that suitable chromophores are present which ‘report’ on the events in which they participate. The advantages of optical techniques are manifold. Firstly they can be fast—with appropriate apparatus events in the pico- and nano-second domains can be studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Secondly they are continuous—instant feedback from the experimental system can guide the most complex of experimental protocols, and allow the experimenter to adjust system parameters as necessary. Thirdly they are convenient, and most laboratories have access to equipment that can provide quantitative analysis of optical signals; examples include conventional spectrophotometers/fluorimeters, dedicated instruments (e.g. for fluorescence lifetime and polarization measurements), cameras, microscopes and plate readers. Significantly detectors from one apparatus can often be used on others to open up new experimental protocols. Fortunately the principles underlying the use of such a diverse array of optical devices are straightforward and universal—they apply just as much to laboratory ‘work-horse’ instruments as they do to the most specialized, laser-illuminated fluorescence microscope. The availability of fast laboratory computers with large storage capacities means that most modern spectrometers are microprocessor controlled and digitization of signals opens up the full range of possibilities of data accumulation, storage, analysis and interpretation. The main problem with optical measurements is not the acquisition but rather the interpretation of the data obtained. Straightforward analysis of the results depends on the clarity of the experimental design and the appropriate choice of chromophore. This chapter describes some of the problems that can be addressed by spectroscopic techniques and attempts to give guidance on good experimental design. Optical spectroscopy requires either spectrophotometers, to measure absorbance, fluorimeters, to measure fluorescence, or microscopes, which can measure fluorescence or absorbance of single cells or small groups of cells. Fluorimeters and spectrophotometers usually require solutions or suspensions of material in conventional cuvettes; microscopes provide two-dimensional images from smears, slices or surfaces. Other devices that record signals resolved in two-dimensions include gel scanners and microplate readers.
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Detterman, Robin, Jenny Ventura, Lihi Rosenthal, and Ken Berrick. "Assessment." In Unconditional Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886516.003.0012.
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By now it should be apparent that unconditional education (UE) is both comprehensive in its scope and ambitious in its goals. This chapter will help outline the formative assessment process that has been created as a means to inform high-quality program planning and implementation and summative assessments used to measure the extent to which the model promotes positive outcomes for students and schools. The two overarching goals of implementing this model are (1) to increase the academic performance and social-emotional well-being of the most struggling students and (2) to increase the capacity of schools serving highly stressed communities to deliver effective interventions through the implementation of a transdisciplinary multi-tiered framework. The second goal relates to capacity building and systems change within the school community itself; while the first relates to the outcomes these changes bring about. More information about the model’s overall theory of action can be found in the logic model in Appendix 7.1. The logic model also highlights the four key components of UE and the implementation strategies related to them. These key components are as follows: …System efficiency, resources match the level of identified student need and schools are able to leverage braided funding, including general education, special education, and mental health dollars. Coordination of services, a transdisciplinary team reviews data, assigns students to intervention, and monitors their progress. Universal supports/Tier 1, a culture and climate team engages in a schoolwide assessment and planning process explained in great detail later in this chapter. Targeted and intensive supports, data-informed, high-quality interventions are implemented with fidelity and monitored for effectiveness…. The strategies related to these four key components are expected to influence a set of comprehensive, long-term outcomes. These outcomes measure the extent to which the model has improved school culture and climate (as measured by the School Climate Assessment Instrument), increased academic achievement (as measure by standardized tests), improved behavior outcomes (as measured by suspension rates), and increased attendance. While data are reviewed at the end of every school year, it is not until the third year that a substantial impact on these long-term measures is expected.
Conference papers on the topic "New suspension means"
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Helsen, Jan, Klaas Vanslambrouck, Frederik Vanhollebeke, and Wim Desmet. "The Dynamic Behavior Induced by Different Wind Turbine Gearbox Suspension Methods Assessed by Means of the Flexible Multibody Technique." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87321.
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The continuous demand for increase in power output for new wind parks under strict cost constraints, the greater wind resource at elevation and the desire for fewer machines per Mega-Watt to reduce operations resulted in a demand for bigger turbines. The drive train is an important component in realizing reliable and robust wind turbines. This paper investigates a geared wind turbine. In this type a gearbox is used to convert the low rotor speed to the required high generator speed. In the market several solutions are available to constrain the gearbox in the nacelle. The used configuration significantly determines the gearbox response to rotor loads and the transmission of gearbox vibrations to the turbine. This paper investigates the effectiveness of three configurations: the three point mounting, the double bearing configuration and the hydraulic damper system. The flexible multibody modeling technique can be used to accurately characterize gearbox dynamics. The goal of this work is to use an experimentally validated multibody model of a wind turbine drive train to characterize the ability of the three configurations to minimize the introduction of non-torque loads in the gearbox and the ability to isolate the gearbox vibrations from the rest of the turbine.
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Fallah, Mohammad Saber, Rama Bhat, and Wen-Fang Xie. "Modified Sky-Hook Control of a Semi-Active Suspension System Using H∞ Robust Control Theory." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86506.
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The main focus of the present paper is on the design of a modified sky-hook control of a semi-active Macpherson suspension system by means of H∞ Output Feedback Control (OFC) theory. To this end, a new dynamic model, incorporating the kinematics of the suspension system, is used for the controller design. The combination of a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) solver and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is adopted to regulate the static output feedback control gain so that the stability conditions are fulfilled and control objectives are achieved. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional kinematic model of the system is incorporated to investigate the influence of the control force variation on the steering, handling and stability of the vehicle. A geometric relation of the vehicle roll center is employed to study one more extra aspect of the comfort and stability of the vehicle. The results show that the proposed controller improves the kinematic and dynamic performances of the suspension well compared with those of the passive system. Moreover, it is concluded that a superior stability of the vehicle during the cornering can be achieved by adjusting the height of the vehicle roll center passively so that the stability of the vehicle is improved while the forward motion specifications can be modified by an appropriate suspension control design.
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Gobbi, M., F. Giorgetta, P. Guarneri, G. Rocca, and G. Mastinu. "Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of the Dynamic Behaviour of Tyre/Suspension While Running Over an Obstacle." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14804.
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Simulation tools have been widely used to complement experimentation for suspension design in the automotive industry not only for reducing the development time, but also to allow the optimization of the vehicle performance. Both a test method and a simulation tool are presented for the analysis of Noise-Vibration-Harshness (NVH) performances of road vehicles suspension systems. A single suspension (corner) has been positioned on a rotating drum (2.6 m diameter) installed in the Laboratory for the Safety of Transport of the Politecnico di Milano. The suspension system is excited as the wheel passes over different cleats fixed to the working surface of the drum. The forces and the moments acting at the suspension-chassis joints are measured up to 250 Hz by means of five six-axis load cells. A mathematical representation that can accurately reflect tyre dynamic behaviour while passing over different cleats is fundamental for evaluating the suspension system quality (NVH) and for developing new suspension design and control strategies. Since the phenomenon is highly non-linear, it is rather difficult to predict the actual performance by using a physical model. However universal "black-box" models can be successfully used in the identification and control of non-linear systems. The paper deals with the simulation of the tyre/suspension dynamics by using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). RNN are derived from the Multi Layer Feed-forward Neural Networks (MLFNN), by adding feedback connections between output and input layers. The Neural Network (NN) has been trained with the experimental data obtained in the laboratory. The results obtained from the NN demonstrate very good agreement with the experimental results over a wide range of operation conditions. The NN model can be effectively applied as a part of vehicle system model to accurately predict elastic bushings and tyre dynamics behaviour.
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Holtberget, Simen Hellgren, Johannes Veie, and Parthasarathi Jena. "Crossing the Bjørnafjord with a multi-span suspension bridge on floating foundations – Challenges in design." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.1927.
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As part of the ferry free E39 project, along the west coast of Norway, eight fjord crossings will be made. This means new technology has to be developed, as the fjords pose a great challenge related to environmental conditions, ship impact and topography.<p> This paper gives an overview of the technical challenges foreseen in the design and construction of a multi-span suspension bridge on floating tension legged platform foundations for the crossing of the Bjørnafjord. The crossing is approximately five kilometres wide, and has a depth up to 550 meters. The concept consists of a three-span suspension bridge with two land based towers, and two floaters midfjord.<p> The suggested solution is multidisciplinary involving structural complexity, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Although the bridge components are relatively well understood individually, the interaction between them needs further investigation. In this paper the effects of the components on the whole system are investigated. Different configurations are evaluated, and the interaction between the different components is investigated to understand the effects regarding construction and final design.
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Langdon, Justin, and Steve C. Southward. "Development of a General Use Quarter-Vehicle Test Rig." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35144.
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This paper discusses the development of an improved design for a tire-coupled quarter-vehicle testing rig. The use of indoor-based simulation tools has become a mainstay in vehicle testing for the automotive and motorsports industries. Testing on a quarter-vehicle rig provides a cost effective means for making accurate and repeatable measurements that enables the user to perform a relatively large number of tests in a short amount of time. A review of current quarter-vehicle test platforms, both commercially available and in academic research labs, indicated that many desired functional requirements were not available. The goal of this effort was to develop a new quarter-vehicle rig with expanded capabilities that are not simultaneously present in the current state-of-the-art. The desired functional requirements are: accommodation of a wide range of actual vehicle suspension components including the tire and wheel, weight transfer due to braking and acceleration, aerodynamic forces, and vehicle roll. The test rig was constructed and tested using a Porsche 996 suspension. The suspension dynamics were characterized by fitting the parameters of a linear dynamic model to experimental response data from the rig. The design and performance of this new quarter-vehicle test rig is shown to be a cost effective solution for meeting the broad range of functional requirements.
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Pongpitukkul, Woraphat, Thotsaphon Chaianansutcharit, Suppakit Learduchasai, Thunyarak Suankaew, and Satiraporn Sirisampan. "Tantawan Sludge Management: Holistic Approach Introducing New Practices." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21331-ms.
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Abstract Following Tantawan field suspension of production, considerable volume of contaminated crude (high level of mercury and arsenic content) remains on board in Tantawan FPSO. These volumes are deemed as waste hydrocarbon sludge that hold no commercial value and must be urgently removed from the vessel as per safety requirements to maintain the vessel class and certification, according to Tantawan FPSO integrity condition. After review of many alternatives, offshore subsurface disposal initiative is the safest and most cost-effective means for disposal. Since subsurface disposal of such waste, highly mercury and arsenic contaminated crude, has never been performed in the Gulf of Thailand, several aspects need to be considered from technical and environmental perspective and public sector concerns. A cross functional team of Reservoir Engineer, Geologist, Facilities Engineer, Health and Safety, Policy, Government and Public Affair and commercial advisor, has co-devised a holistic waste management plan to inject waste into Tantawan reservoirs after obtaining required approvals by the government. Many challenges including limitation of the FPSO pumping system, sludge properties and seasonal increment weather, were encountered during the execution phase and many remedial actions were taken to mitigate their impact. Cross functional team initiatives on heater installation, adjusting injection procedure, and additional disposal well approval helped address project challenges. Entire volume of sludge was safely injected to subsurface reservoirs with cost effective operation. The success of this offshore injection process has reduced the cost to less than 10% compared to onshore disposal option to asset joint venture. The results set a new standard for Thailand petroleum waste management policy. Following this success, decommissioning of all remaining of Tantawan field are progressing as scheduled. This paper will outline the holistic approach of hydrocarbon sludge management process including the subsurface injection identifcation, stakeholder engagement, environmental impact assessment and execution challenges. Lessons learned from this paper would help other offshore operators to effectively manage hydrocarbon sludge, which demonstrate how the oil and gas industry plays a vital role in protecting the environment.
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Carpinelli, Mariano, Marco Gubitosa, Domenico Mundo, and Wim Desmet. "Parameters Identification Strategy for a Generalized Vehicle Concept Model for Ride and Handling Analysis." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12821.
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In this paper we propose a structured approach for the parameters identification of a multibody vehicle concept model to be used for the combined analysis of vertical and longitudinal dynamics. The model here proposed adopts eight degrees of freedom in the space. The wheels are connected to the sprung mass in an equivalent trailing arm configuration thus enabling to reproduce the squat and dive phenomena. This conceptual suspension representation allows determining the dynamic response of the vehicle during longitudinal acceleration or braking maneuvers. The identification procedure here suggested evaluates the unknown parameters of the model, being the global stiffness and damping coefficients of the suspensions and the positions of the pivot points of the trailing arms. The identification algorithm is based on non-linear least square costs that can be computed by having as reference the signals of a measurement campaign which is conducted on a real vehicle as well as on a virtual predecessor model. The results here shown make use of virtually measured quantities coming from ride maneuvers performed by means of a high fidelity multibody model of a passenger car. The presented concept model, showing good correlation with respect to the reference signals, is suggested as a reliable prediction and optimization tool in the early stage of the design phase of new vehicles.
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Kuznetsov, A. V., and N. Jiang. "Investigation of the Effect of Cell Deposition and Declogging on Bioconvection in Porous Media." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31105.
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The mechanisms of deposition and declogging are considered while formulating a new continuum model for bioconvection in a dilute suspension of swimming, gravitactic microorganisms in a porous medium. “Bioconvection” is the name given to pattern-forming convective motions set up in suspensions of swimming microorganisms. “Gravitaxis” means that microorganisms tend to swim against the gravitational force. The aim of this paper is to analyze the collective behavior and pattern formation in populations of swimming microorganisms. The decrease of permeability due to cell adsorption by the porous medium is considered and the influence this permeability decrease has on the development of bioconvection is studied. The existence and stability of a two-dimensional plume in a rectangular chamber with stress-free sidewalls is investigated. Governing equations include the Darcy law as well as the microorganism conservation equation. A conservative finite-difference scheme is utilized to solve these equations numerically. The analysis of the proposed model reveals that major factors that affect the development of bioconvection are the initial permeability of the porous medium and the rate of cell deposition. For small permeability, the resistance to the fluid flow is too large, and bioconvection does not develop. If the rate of cell deposition is too large, the number of suspended cells quickly becomes too small because of the capturing of cells by the porous medium. For this reason the critical density difference in the top fluid layer cannot be reached, and bioconvection does not develop.
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Asaoka, Tatsunori, Masashi Okada, Yoshikazu Teraoka, and Akihiro Tsumura. "Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection of Suspension With Particle Sedimentation." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22141.
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A new method for the numerical analysis of natural convection of suspension was proposed. Natural convection phenomena of suspension appear in some industrial fields, such as water disposal process and food engineering process. It is difficult to comprehend the behavior of the natural convection of the suspensions, because the convection of the suspension is caused by the interactive effects of the temperature distribution and particle-concentration distribution in the suspension. In this study, a numerical model for the natural convection phenomena of the suspension accompanied by particle sedimentation was constructed. In this model, since the limited number of particles is tracked individually, the movement of each particle which has varied sizes can be achieved. Then the effect of distribution of particle size on the particle-concentration in the suspension can be considered. As a result, it was confirmed that the typical behavior of the natural convection of suspension can be expressed by using this model. Additionally, it was found that the mean Nusselt number of the natural convection of the suspension obtained by using this model shows the same tendency as that of the previous experiments.
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Tumasov, Anton, Anatoly Groshev, Roman Musarsky, Galina Konikova, Yury Trusov, and Sergey Kostin. "Estimation of Light Commercial Vehicles Dynamics by Results of Road Tests and Simulation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34641.
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The chassis of light commercial vehicle (LCV) could be used for creating a wide range of vehicles modifications with the similar base (chassis), but really different performance in wide range of maneuvers. The differences could be explained by variety of design parameters. It means that the design of LCV modifications needs some effective approach that will provide an engineer by necessary data that could help to estimate the performance of new vehicles in particular active safety characteristics. This paper presents the combination of experimental and simulation methods that could be used for estimation of LCV active safety characteristics (first of all cornering stability). The experimental method of estimation of cornering stability is shown that is based on regulations of the Russian Standard GOST R 52302-2004 that presuppose different types of testing: static rollover and dynamic maneuvering on a road (line changing and running into the corner). The multi-body simulation method with using of MSC.ADAMS/CAR software was also used in a study. The approval of developed LCV multi-body model was made on a basis of good correlation between simulation results and experimental data. The relationship between LCVs design parameters (axle load distribution, height of the center of gravity, vertical and angular suspension stiffness) and active safety characteristics are received.
Reports on the topic "New suspension means"
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Maeresera, Eleanor, and Adrian Chikowore. Will the Cure Bankrupt Us? Official Development Assistance and the COVID-19 Response in Southern African Countries. Oxfam, AFRODAD, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7130.
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Confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa in early November 2020 exceeded 1.8 million, with 45% occurring in Southern Africa (SAF). Most SAF countries lack the capacity to adequately protect lives and livelihoods. High indebtedness means underfunded essential services, and most countries had just emerged from a severe food crisis and the effects of Cyclone Idai. Donors must go beyond temporary debt service suspension and provide new aid grants. SAF governments must not use the pandemic to restrict civil society advocacy on behalf of the most vulnerable people.