Relevant bibliographies by topics / New TB drugs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'New TB drugs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "New TB drugs"

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Pandey, Shilpika, Isha Soni, Neha Topno, Arunava Dasgupta, and Sidharth Chopra. "Current Approaches for New TB Drugs." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 10, no. 2 (November 14, 2014): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x10666140813201210.

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Soedarsono, Soedarsono. "Tuberculosis: Development of New Drugs and Treatment Regimens." Jurnal Respirasi 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v7-i.1.2021.36-45.

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Tuberculosis (TB) still becomes a public health crisis. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) becomes a concern as the increasing DR-TB cases in countries with high TB burden. The 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline recommended a combination of TB treatment consisting of 2 months of intensive phase with isoniazid (H), rifampisin (R), pyrazinamid (Z), and ethambutol (E), followed by 4 months of continuation phase with HR daily. WHO has updated DR-TB treatment guidelines several times. In 2016, WHO recommended shorter regimen and individual regimen based on certain conditions. The most updated 2020 WHO guideline recommended the short regimen consisting of all oral drugs as well as changes in the grouping of medicines used in DR-TB regimens in longer/individual regimens. Bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid, and sutezolid are new drugs which have been studied for their uses as anti-TB drugs (ATD). Bedaquilin and delamanid, which have passed phase 3 trials, have been approved and recommended by WHO for DR-TB treatment. Repurposed drugs have been used for DR-TB treatment during the time of evaluation of drugs list and regimens for DR-TB treatment. Fluoroquinolones, clofazimine, linezolid, carbapenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are repurposed drugs. TB and DR-TB management will be updated at any time, based on the latest findings in studies, to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of current treatments. Prevention of active TB disease by the treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) is also a critical component of the end TB strategy by WHO. Therefore, the development of new drugs for the LTBI treatment is also needed.
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D'Ambrosio, Lia, Rosella Centis, Giovanni Sotgiu, Emanuele Pontali, Antonio Spanevello, and Giovanni Battista Migliori. "New anti-tuberculosis drugs and regimens: 2015 update." ERJ Open Research 1, no. 1 (May 2015): 00010–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00010-2015.

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Over 480 000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) occur every year globally, 9% of them being affected by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The treatment of MDR/XDR-TB is unfortunately long, toxic and expensive, and the success rate largely unsatisfactory (<20% among cases with resistance patterns beyond XDR).The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence-based updated international recommendations to manage MDR/XDR-TB, and to update the reader on the role of newly developed drugs (delamanid, bedaquiline and pretomanid) as well as repurposed drugs (linezolid and meropenem clavulanate, among others) used to treat these conditions within new regimens.A nonsystematic review based on historical trials results as well as on recent literature and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines has been performed, with special focus on the approach to managing MDR/XDR-TB.The new, innovative global public health interventions, recently approved by WHO and known as the “End TB Strategy”, support the vision of a TB-free world with zero death, disease and suffering due to TB. Adequate, universally accessed treatment is a pre-requisite to reach TB elimination. New shorter, cheap, safe and effective anti-TB regimens are necessary to boost TB elimination.
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Seung, K. J., U. Khan, F. Varaine, S. Ahmed, M. Bastard, S. Cloez, D. Damtew, et al. "Introducing new and repurposed TB drugs: the endTB experience." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0141.

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In 2015, the initiative Expand New Drug Markets for TB (endTB) began, with the objective of reducing barriers to access to the new and repurposed TB drugs. Here we describe the major implementation challenges encountered in 17 endTB countries. We provide insights on how national TB programmes and other stakeholders can scale-up the programmatic use of new and repurposed TB drugs, while building scientific evidence about their safety and efficacy. For any new drug or diagnostic, multiple market barriers can slow the pace of scale-up. During 2015–2019, endTB was successful in increasing the number of patients receiving new and repurposed TB drugs in 17 countries. The endTB experience has many lessons, which are relevant to country level introduction of new TB drugs, as well as non-TB drugs and diagnostics. For example: the importation of TB drugs is possible even in the absence of registration; emphasis on good clinical monitoring is more important than pharmacovigilance reporting; national guidelines and expert committees can both facilitate and hinder innovative practice; clinicians use new and repurposed TB drugs when they are available; data collection to generate scientific evidence requires financial and human resources; pilot projects can drive national scale-up.
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Mignani, Serge, Rama Tripathi, Liang Chen, Anne-Marie Caminade, Xiangyang Shi, and Jean-Pierre Majoral. "New Ways to Treat Tuberculosis Using Dendrimers as Nanocarriers." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030105.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that usually attacks not only the lungs, but also brain and spine. More than twenty drugs have been developed for the treatment of TB, but most of them were developed some years ago. They are used in different combinations. Isoniazid and Rifampicin are examples of the five first line TB drugs, whereas, for instance, Levofloxacin, Kanamycin and Linezolid belong to the second line drugs that are used for the treatment of drug resistant TB. Several new bicyclic nitroimidazoles (e.g., Delamanid) without mutagenic effects were developed. New TB drugs need to provide several main issues such as more effective, less toxic, and less expensive for drug resistant TB. Besides polymeric, metal-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles and polymers, dendrimer nanostructures represent ideal delivery vehicles and offer high hopes for the future of nanomedicine. In this original review, we present and analyze the development of anti-TB drugs in combination with dendrimers. Few articles have highlighted the encapsulation of anti-TB drugs with dendrimers. Due to their unique structure, dendrimers represent attractive candidates for the encapsulation and conjugation of other anti-TB drugs presenting important drawbacks (e.g., solubility, toxicity, low bioavailability) that hinder their development, including clinic trials.
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Vilchèze, Catherine. "Mycobacterial Cell Wall: A Source of Successful Targets for Old and New Drugs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072278.

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Eighty years after the introduction of the first antituberculosis (TB) drug, the treatment of drug-susceptible TB remains very cumbersome, requiring the use of four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) for two months followed by four months on isoniazid and rifampicin. Two of the drugs used in this “short”-course, six-month chemotherapy, isoniazid and ethambutol, target the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall structure can enhance the entry of other TB drugs, resulting in a more potent chemotherapy. More importantly, inhibition of cell wall components can lead to mycobacterial cell death. The complexity of the mycobacterial cell wall offers numerous opportunities to develop drugs to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. In the past 20 years, researchers from industrial and academic laboratories have tested new molecules to find the best candidates that will change the face of TB treatment: drugs that will shorten TB treatment and be efficacious against active and latent, as well as drug-resistant TB. Two of these new TB drugs block components of the mycobacterial cell wall and have reached phase 3 clinical trial. This article reviews TB drugs targeting the mycobacterial cell wall in use clinically and those in clinical development.
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Leibert, Eric, and William N. Rom. "New drugs and regimens for treatment of TB." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8, no. 7 (July 2010): 801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.10.60.

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Elger, B. S., F. Mirzayev, S. Afandiyev, and E. Gurbanova. "Ethical issues in tuberculosis screening and the use of new drugs for prisoners." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0899.

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SETTING: Prisons are known to have extremely high tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB prevalence and poor treatment outcomes.OBJECTIVE: To examine the screening and M/XDR-TB treatment with new TB drugs in prisons from the perspective of international ethical and legal requirements.DESIGN: WHO recommendations on TB screening in prisons and M/XDR-TB treatment as well as the international human rights law on prisoners were analysed.RESULTS: Prisoners have a human right to access at least the same level of TB care as in their communities. Screening for TB in prisons, which may run contrary to a given individual's choice to be tested, may be justified by the positive obligation to prevent other prisoners from contracting a possibly deadly disease. Introduction of new TB drugs in prisons is necessary, ethically sound and should start in parallel with introduction in a civilian sector in strict compliance with the WHO recommendations.CONCLUSION: Access to screening for TB, as well as effective treatment according to WHO recommendations, must be ensured by countries on the basis of international human rights conventions.
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Bernal, O., R. Lopez, E. Montoro, P. Avedillo, K. Westby, and M. Ghidinelli. "Introduction and scaling up of new drugs for drug-resistant TB: experiences from the Americas." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0111.

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The number of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases reported in the Americas has increased by 21.2%, from 3737 in 2016 to 4791 in 2018. The WHO has been recommending changes on the treatment of DR-TB, moving from long-duration treatment with injectables to a short oral regimen with new drugs such as bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM), in selected cases and only under programmatic conditions. Injectables are no longer recommended by the WHO due to lower efficacy and the increasing seriousness of adverse events. The introduction of new oral drugs for DR-TB received a boost with a global donation of BDQ to some eligible countries, which continues with the countries purchasing drugs through the Pan American Health Organization Strategic Fund. The main challenges in the scaling up of new drugs for DR-TB include low DR-TB detection rate, the slow pace in transitioning to molecular testing and delays in the introduction of new oral short regimens for MDR-TB. The Americas need to accelerate the scale up of new oral treatments, improve detection rates, increase molecular diagnosis of resistance, and ensure the registration and introduction of the shorter treatment regimen in national MDR-TB guidelines.
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De Souza, Marcus Vinicius Nora. "Plants and Fungal Products with Activity Against Tuberculosis." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.80.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is becoming an ever more serious worldwide problem. This contagious disease kills four people every minute somewhere in the world and accounts for more than 2 million deaths per year. Due to the rapid spread of TB strains resistant to all the major anti-TB drugs on the market, and the association of TB with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in AIDS, we urgently need to develop new drugs to fight against TB. In this context, due to the importance of nature in the development of new drugs, the aim of the present review is to highlight a series of new and promising anti-TB agents derived from plants and fungi discovered between 2001 and 2005.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New TB drugs"

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Visser, Hanri. "Mechanisms of resistance to new generation anti-TB drugs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96863.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an increasing global problem. Drug resistance is mostly caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the bacterial genome. This observed increase in global incidence of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) has sparked the search for new anti-TB drugs and the repurposing of drugs that are currently used against other organisms or species of mycobacteria. One such repurposed drug, clofazimine (CFZ), is currently used for the treatment of leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The mechanism of action of CFZ is not clear, but it is hypothesized that CFZ is reduced by a mycobacterial type II NADH oxidoreductase (NDH-2). The reduction of CFZ drives the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is toxic to the pathogen. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of CFZ resistance. Towards this aim, spontaneous in vitro CFZ resistant mutants were selected, characterized and whole genome was used identify SNPs which may cause CFZ resistance. Mutations were identified in a transcriptional regulator encoded by Rv0678, fatty-acid-AMP ligase, or FadD28 (Rv2941) and glycerol kinase or GlpK (Rv3696c). Mutations in Rv0678 have previously been shown to play a role in both CFZ resistance and bedaquiline (BDQ) cross-resistance, while no link has been found between CFZ resistance and mutations in fadD28 and glpK. The novel, non-synonymous SNP identified in Rv0678 resulted in the replacement of an alanine residue with threonine at codon 84, which is located in the DNA binding domain. Virtual modelling of the mutated Rv0678 protein showed that the A84T mutation may influence DNA binding, possibly due to its proximity to the DNA binding domain. This mutation caused a change in hydrophobicity, which may influence binding to DNA. Previous studies showed that mutations in Rv0678 resulted in the upregulation of mmpL5, a putative efflux pump. However, the mechanism whereby CFZ resistance occurs via increased abundance of this efflux pump in the cell wall is not clear and needs further investigation. The cross-resistance between CFZ and BDQ, caused by mutations in Rv0678, is of concern and may influence the planning of anti-TB drug regimens for the future. The roles of the other two mutations identified in this study in CFZ resistance is also not clear and requires further investigation. Finally, the findings of this study support the role of Rv0678 in CFZ resistance thereby suggesting that this gene could be useful as a diagnostic marker to test for CFZ resistance in clinical isolates.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Middelweerstandigheid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is 'n wêreldwye toenemende probleem. Middelweerstandigheid word meestal veroorsaak deur enkel nukleotied polimorfismes (SNPs) in die bakteriële genoom. Hierdie toename in middelweerstandige tuberkulose (TB) het gelei tot die soektog na nuwe anti-TB-middels en die alternatiewe aanwending van middels wat tans teen ander organismes of spesies van mikobakterieë gebruik word. Een so 'n alternatiewe middel, clofazimine (CFZ), word tans gebruik vir die behandeling van melaatsheid wat veroorsaak word deur Mycobacterium leprae. CFZ se meganisme van werking is nie duidelik nie, maar dit word vermoed dat CFZ gereduseer word deur 'n mikobakteriële tipe II NADH oksidoreduktase (NDH-2). Die reduksie van CFZ dryf die produksie van reaktiewe suurstof spesies wat giftig is vir die patogeen. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die meganisme van CFZ weerstandigheid te ondersoek. Om hierdie doel te bereik was spontane in vitro CFZ weerstandige mutante gekies, gekarakteriseer en heel genoom volgorde bepaling is gebruik om SNPs te identifiseer wat CFZ weerstandigheid veroorsaak. Mutasies in Rv0678, 'n transkripsie reguleerder, vetsuur-AMP ligase, of FadD28 (Rv2941) en gliserol kinase of GlpK (Rv3696c) geïdentifiseer. Dit is al voorheen gevind dat mutasies in Rv0678 ‘n rol speel in beide CFZ weerstandigheid en bedaquiline (BDQ) kruis-weerstandigheid, terwyl geen verband gevind is tussen CFZ weerstandigheid en mutasies in fadD28 en glpK nie. Die nuwe, nie-sinonieme SNP, geïdentifiseer in Rv0678 het gelei to die vervanging van 'n alanien aminosuur met treonien by kodon 84, wat geleë is in die DNS bindings domein. Virtuele modellering van die gemuteerde Rv0678 proteïen het getoon dat die A84T mutasie DNS binding moontlik kan beïnvloed, as gevolg van sy nabyheid aan die DNS bindings domein. Hierdie mutasie veroorsaak 'n verandering in die hidrofobiese natuur, wat DNS binding kan beïnvloed. Vorige studies het getoon dat mutasies in Rv0678 lei tot die opregulering van mmpL5, 'n waarskynlike uitvloei pomp. Die meganisme waardeur CFZ weerstandigheid veroorsaak, deur ‘n groot aantal van hierdie uitvloei pompe in die selwand, is nie duidelik nie en moet verder ondersoek word. Die kruis-weerstandigheid tussen CFZ en BDQ, wat veroorsaak word deur mutasies in Rv0678, is van belang en kan die beplanning van anti-TB middel behandeling vir die toekoms beïnvloed. Die rolle van die ander twee mutasies, wat in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer is, in CFZ weerstandigheid is ook nie duidelik nie en vereis verdere ondersoek. Ten slotte, die bevindinge van hierdie studie steun die rol van Rv0678 in CFZ weerstandigheid en dit dui daarop dat hierdie geen gebruik kan word as 'n diagnostiese merker om vir CFZ weerstandigheid te toets in kliniese isolate.
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Umesiri, Francis E. "Synthesis of Carbohydrate-based Inhibitors of Antigen 85." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1282006047.

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Bistline, Kathryn Lou. "Does the inclusion of the cost and burden of adverse drug reactions associated with drug-resistant TB treatment affect the incremental cost-effectiveness of new treatment regimens? A case study from the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa National TB Programme." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28441.

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South Africa has one of the world’s highest burdens of TB, HIV/TB co-infection, and drug-resistant TB. Second-line TB treatment is less effective, more expensive, and more toxic than treatment for drug-sensitive TB. Nearly 1 in every 5 persons who starts treatment for drug-resistant TB in South Africa will die; 1 in every 3 persons who survives treatments experiences permanent, profound hearing loss. For decades there was little progress in TB research, however, and so treatment with old regimens continued despite safety concerns. In 2012 the US and European regulatory authorities approved a new drug, bedaquiline, but only for treatment in cases with no other options. In 2015, the South African Medicines Control Council approved bedaquiline for drug-resistant TB, but only a limited number of doses were approved in the 2016/2017 annual budget and the focus, again, was only for the patients who had no other options. In order to inform policy makers in planning and budgeting for drug-resistant TB treatment, the aim of this thesis was to determine whether the simple calculation that bedaquiline was too expensive relative to standard regimens using kanamycin was too simple. Particularly, given the high burden of adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with kanamycin, would the inclusion of the cost and burden of ADR affect the incremental cost effectiveness ratio of a new treatment regimen where bedaquiline replaces kanamycin? Analysis of the national drug-resistant TB case register showed that mortality during second-line treatment was early, primarily in the first 6 months of treatment, even when patients do not have extensive drug resistance. HIV-positive patients not on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at initiation of drug-resistant TB treatment have the highest risk of mortality. The high early mortality is a real risk that clinicians have to balance when deciding to initiate ART and effective second-line TB treatment both as quickly as possible. Daily injections coupled with taking more than 10 pills each day are a heavy burden for patient compliance, but also pose concerns in terms of overlapping and compounding toxicities; this burden was confirmed through a meta-analysis of the pooled frequency of adverse events among cohorts with at least 25% of the patients HIV-positive. A competing risk analysis of a cohort of drug-resistant TB patients from Johannesburg – addressing the reality that patients may not have experienced an ADR because they died rather than because they were at lower risk – indicated that HIV-infected patients who are not yet stable on ART and second-line TB treatment are at the highest risk of ADR. A Markov model built and parameterized using the data from the South African national TB programme indicates that bedaquiline for all drug-resistant TB led to a small gain in effectiveness at a cost that was under the costs of the drug itself, due to savings from daily injection visits. While cost-effective, it was not clear that South African policy makers needed to move beyond the offer of bedaquiline for patients with extensive drug resistance. However, the calculation, and the decision point, were different once the costs and disability associated with ADRs was included in the analysis. Bedaquiline-based regimens offer a cost-saving and more effective alternative to an injection-based regimen for drug-resistant TB patients treated in the public sector in South Africa.
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Liao, Ting Yu Angela. "Novel approaches for TB vaccine and treatments : improving BCG vaccine and ‎identification of a potential new drug target." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59110.

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Current strategies of TB control include vaccination as a preventive approach and drug-based treatment as post-exposure therapy. In my PhD studies, I aimed to contribute in both directions: improving the current BCG vaccine and identifying and characterizing novel TB drug targets. I developed a novel non-genetic approach for the rapid display of exogenous proteins on mycobacterial cell surfaces as an alternative to DNA-based gene expression for upgrading BCG. A monomeric form of avidin that had the feature of reversible binding to biotin was chosen to generate avidin fusion proteins for surface decoration of biotinylated BCG. Avidin-tagged proteins bound to BCG surface reproducibly and stably with no effect on BCG growth. Thereafter, chimeric proteins corresponding to ovalbumin (OVA) and the M. tuberculosis (M.tb) specific ESAT6 antigen were generated and tested for their immunogenicity in vaccinated mice. BCG-OVA induced an immune response similar to that induced by BCG expressing the same surrogate antigen genetically. Furthermore, BCG decorated with ESAT6 successfully induced the expansion of specific T cell responses in vivo. This technology, therefore, can effectively replace traditional transformation of BCG with antigen-encoding genes and provide a novel platform for rapid evaluation of immunogenic proteins with broad applications in vaccine development. Mycobacterial lipoamide dehydrogenase (LpdC) is involved in the aberrant and prolonged retention of host protein coronin-1A (COR1A) on the phagosomal membrane, which contributes significantly to the inhibition of phagosome maturation, leading to intracellular persistence of M.tb. I constructed and utilized recombinant LpdC protein and ΔLpdC M.tb mutant to characterize LpdC and investigate potential mechanisms of LpdC-COR1A retention. ΔLpdC M.tb showed a decreased growth rate in standard media, induced phagolysosome fusion, and survived less than wild-type M.tb inside macrophages. I also found that LpdC interacted with a series of phosphoinositides (PIPs) and surprisingly aided in the induction of ROS production, which added to the multi-functionality of LpdC. From these studies, I have further characterized mycobacterial LpdC with regard to its role in M.tb persistence and paved ways for further investigations into LpdC’s potential as a novel drug target candidate.
Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Njuguna, Christine Wanjiku. "Baseline prevalence and incidence and risk factors for new-onset drug induced hearing loss in adults receiving drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10625.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is longer and associated with more significant side-effects than drug susceptible TB. Second line injectable therapy using kanamycin, amikacin or capreomycin is associated with irreversible hearing loss. There is a scarcity of literature regarding the frequency of hearing loss as well as associated risk factors, particularly with long term use. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for hearing loss among patients receiving second line injectable drugs.
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Book chapters on the topic "New TB drugs"

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Shawa, Remmy, Fons Coomans, Helen Cox, and Leslie London. "Access to Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Deepening the Human Rights-Based Approach." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 155–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_10.

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Abstract The lack of access to effective diagnosis and treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a persistent ethical, human rights and public health challenge globally. In addressing this challenge, arguments based on a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) to health have most often been focused on the Right to Health. However, a key challenge in multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB is the glaring absence of scientific research; ranging from basic science and drug discovery through to implementation science once new tools have been developed. Although the Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and its Applications (REBSP) is a little theorised human right, it has the potential to enrich our understanding and use of the Rights-Based Approach to health. In this chapter, we argue that States’ duties to respect, protect and fulfil the REBSP within and outside their borders is an important vehicle that can be drawn on to redress the lack of research into new drug development and appropriate use of existing drugs for DR-TB in high burden settings. We call for urgent attention to minimum core obligations for the REBSP and the need for a General Comment by a UN human rights monitoring body to provide for its interpretation. We also note that conceptualization of the REBSP has the potential to complement Right to Health claims intended to enhance access to treatment for DR-TB on a global scale.
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Khare, Garima, Prachi Nangpal, and Anil K. Tyagi. "Challenges and Advances in TB Drug Discovery." In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and New Interventions, 463–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9413-4_25.

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"New drugs for TB." In Clinical Tuberculosis, 142–51. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20755-11.

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Arora, VK, and KK Chopra. "New TB Drugs Development." In Manual on Tuberculosis, HIV and Lung Diseases: A Practical Approach, 223. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10488_17.

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"Synthetic Anti-TB Compounds." In Tuberculosis Treatment: The Search For New Drugs, edited by Marcus V.N. de Souza, 101–37. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608057887113010007.

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Rani, Sarita, Ankur Kaul, Anil Kumar Mishra, and Umesh Gupta. "Extra-Pulmonary TB." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 91–116. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0307-2.ch005.

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Tuberculosis is considered a fatal respiratory disease commonly seen in developing countries. This chapter includes the global scenario of TB patients and brief description of TB history, its pathogenesis, types, diagnosis tests, emergence of MDR (multi drug resistance) and XDR (extensively drug resistance). The traditional chemotherapy of TB includes first and second line drug therapy. These lines of therapies face many difficulties such as low solubility, low bioavailability, and stability issues. Therefore, some new drugs were introduced in the market that showed effective results to the patients. Nanoparticulate drug delivery gained much focus in recent years due to its advantages and ideal characteristics. Numerous nanoparticles, liposomal formulations, and polymeric micelles were reported by the researchers with significant and considerable results. Inhalable formulations were also prepared by scientists that showed effective and remarkable anti-tuberculosis action on TB patients. Many efforts are awaited to completely eradicate TB from the planet.
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"Anti-TB Evaluation of Marine Natural Products." In Tuberculosis Treatment: The Search For New Drugs, edited by Marcus V.N. de Souza, 196–216. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608057887113010011.

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"Anti-TB Evaluation of Natural Products From Plants." In Tuberculosis Treatment: The Search For New Drugs, edited by Marcus V.N. de Souza, 158–79. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608057887113010009.

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"Anti-TB Evaluation of Natural Products From Fungus." In Tuberculosis Treatment: The Search For New Drugs, edited by Marcus V.N. de Souza, 180–95. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608057887113010010.

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Dye, Christopher. "Strains and Drug Resistance." In The Population Biology of Tuberculosis. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154626.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the geographical distribution of resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their time trends. Apart from drug resistance, there are plenty of other main questions about M. tuberculosis population genetics. To combat epidemics of drug-resistant TB, it is vital to understand why some resistant strains have greater reproductive fitness than drug-susceptible strains. The chapter first provides an overview of genetic variation in M. tuberculosis before discussing resistance (new and acquired) to first-and second-line drugs. It then considers the link between drug resistance and HIV coinfection, global distribution of drug-resistant TB, relative reproductive fitness, and absolute reproductive fitness. It shows that drug resistance is preventable and reversible, but this must be corroborated and expanded with longer series of data from a wider range of countries, countries with high rates of HIV infection (for example, Botswana and South Africa), and those reporting cases of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).
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Conference papers on the topic "New TB drugs"

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Skrahina, Alena, Dzmitry Klimuk, Irina Babchenok, Varvara Solodovnikova, Aliaksandr Skrahin, and Henadz Hurevich. "New and repurposed TB drugs use in children and adolescents with M/XDR-TB." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa4853.

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Gurbanova, Elmira, Rafail Mehdiyev, Kai Blöndal, and Alan Altraja. "Bacteriological conversion in XDR-TB and RR-TB patients with fluoroquinolone resistance treated with and without new and repurposed anti-TB drugs in Azerbaijan prisons." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa3680.

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Banka, Radhika, Jai Mullerpattan, Shashank Ganatra, Zarir Udwadia, Camilla Rodrigues, Ajay Parmar, and Archana Khillari. "High rates of resistance to second line drugs are routinely encountered in Mumbai,India for XDR-TB;highlighting the need for new agents." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa4855.

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4

Testov, Vadim, Vladimir Puzanov, Marina Yakimova, and Victor Punga. "Drug resistance among new TB cases in some Russian regions." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2717.

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Ahmad, Zahoor, Michael Pinn, Sandeep Tyagi, Charles Peloquin, Eric L. Nuermberger, Jacques Grosset, and Petros C. Karakousis. "Is The Guinea Pig Model A Necessary Step In Preclinical TB Drug Testing?" In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5450.

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O'Donnell, Max R., Nesri Padayatchi, Jennifer Zelnick, Marian Loveday, Iqbal Master, Garth Osburn, Lise Werner, Keertan U. J. Dheda, and Charles R. Horsburgh, Jr. "Women Are At Increased Risk For Extensively Drug Resistant-tuberculosis (XDR-TB) In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5378.

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Welter, Allan M., Max R. O'Donnell, Alison Coe, Sheila Tumilty, Caleb Bliss, Alex Sloutsky, Paul Skolnik, Deborah J. Cotton, and Charles R. Horsburgh, Jr. "Prevalence And Incidence Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among HCV-infected Drug Users With The QuantiFERON-TB GOLD Test." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4770.

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O'Donnell, Max R., Nesri Padayatchi, Aneke Grobler, Iqbal Master, Garth Osburn, Lise Werner, and Charles R. Horsburgh, Jr. "Treatment Outcomes At 24 Months For Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) With And Without HIV Co-infection." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5471.

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Shah, Sarita, Palav Babaria, Prashini Moodley, Scott Heysell, Willem Sturm, Anthony Moll, Phindile Mhlongo, et al. "Rapid Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis And MDR TB Using The Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility (MODS) Assay In A High HIV Prevalence Setting – South Africa." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2256.

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