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1
Erie, Steven P., and Chris McNickle. "To Be Mayor of New York: Ethnic Politics in the City." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26, no. 2 (1995): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206659.
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Berg, Bruce F., and Chris McNickle. "To Be Mayor of New York: Ethnic Politics in the City." Political Science Quarterly 108, no. 3 (1993): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2151723.
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Chronopoulos, Themis. "The Lindsay Administration and the Sanitation Crisis of New York City, 1966–1973." Journal of Urban History 40, no. 6 (April 30, 2014): 1138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214533081.
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This article examines efforts by the John V. Lindsay administration (1966–1973) to deal with the New York City sanitation crisis of the late 1960s and early 1970s. By this period, the Department of Sanitation could barely function in most low-income neighborhoods of New York City, and this resulted in a series of direct and indirect protest actions. The mass media blamed Mayor Lindsay for the situation and characterized him as an ineffectual city manager. This image has persisted with scholars contending that Lindsay never figured out how to run the city government. This article diverges from these accounts and argues that the Lindsay administration actually rebuilt the Department of Sanitation—a city agency that was operationally breaking down before Lindsay became mayor. In fact, the Lindsay administration popularized the notion that a modern city with global aspirations has to meet the basic spatial needs of its residents and that efficient and responsive sanitation delivery can be achieved through the rationalization of resources and services.
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Merton, Joe. "John Lindsay, the Association for a Better New York, and the Privatization of New York City, 1969-1973." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218765465.
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Focusing on the collaboration between Mayor John Lindsay and business advocacy group the Association for a Better New York (ABNY), this article illustrates the utility of public and elite anxieties over street crime in legitimizing new, privatized models of urban governance during the early 1970s. ABNY’s privatized crime-fighting initiatives signified a new direction in city law enforcement strategies, a new “common sense” regarding the efficacy and authority of private or voluntarist solutions to urban problems, and proved of lasting significance for labor relations, the regulation of urban space, and the role of the private sector in urban policy. It concludes that, despite their limitations, the visibility of ABNY’s initiatives, their ability to construct a pervasive sense of crisis, and their apparent demonstration of public and elite consent played a significant role in the transformation of New York into the “privatized” or “neoliberal” city of today.
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Dupre, Andrea. "Failed Educational Reform in the New York City School System." Radical Teacher 112 (October 23, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2018.408.
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Like the horrifying photographs journalists take of the innocent victims of senseless-seeming wars, the article's lens zeroes in on the destruction of a once highly regarded Manhattan high school whose story needs to be told. The article sheds light on what the NYC Department of Education would like to keep buried, the revelation of a shameful mismanagment of a school community by among other things, a misguided pair of principals assigned during the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg. The school - unlike those with more economically priveleged student bodies - was rendered powerless by virtue of its demographics and lack of cultural capital.
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Al-Mondhiry, Rend. "New York City Schools Cancel Hearing Screenings: ASHA Protests in Letter to Mayor Bloomberg." ASHA Leader 14, no. 15 (November 2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an.14152009.4.
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de Forest, Jennifer. "Tilting at Windmills? Judge Justine Wise Polier and a History of Justice and Education in New York City." History of Education Quarterly 49, no. 1 (February 2009): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.01168.x.
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Judge Justine Wise PolierIn 1935 Justine Wise Polier (1903–87), an intense young labor lawyer serving on New York City's Committee on Unemployment Relief, was pressuring Mayor Fiorello La Guardia to expand the city's welfare benefits. Thinking he would mollify her, La Guardia promoted Polier to the bench of the city's children's court, making her the first woman to rise above the position of magistrate in New York State.
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Greene, Judith A. "Zero Tolerance: A Case Study of Police Policies and Practices in New York City." Crime & Delinquency 45, no. 2 (April 1999): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045002001.
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The police reforms introduced in New York City by William Bratton are now hailed by Mayor Rudy Giuliani as the epitome of “zero-tolerance” policing, and he credits them for winning dramatic reductions in the city's crime rate. But the number of citizen complaints filed before the Civilian Complaint Review Board has jumped skyward, as has the number of lawsuits alleging police misconduct and abuse offorce. Comparison of crime rates, arrest statistics, and citizen complaints in New York with those in San Diego—where a more problem-oriented community policing strategy has been implemented—gives strong evidence that effective crime control can be achieved while producing fewer negative impacts on urban neighborhoods.
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&NA;. "Major Back Pain Disability Conference in New York City." Back Letter 15, no. 4 (April 2000): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-200015040-00005.
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Bissainthe, Jean Ghasmann. "Migración transnacional : dominicanos en New York City." Ciencia y Sociedad 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 128–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2003.v28i1.pp128-160.
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La migración dominicana, como fenómeno social de masa, tiene su origen en la instauración y consolidación de la férrea dictadura (1930-1961) y muerte violenta del dictador Rafael Leonidas Trujillo (30 mayo 1961), la guerra civil e invasión norteamericana de 1965, la apertura de los Estados Unidos a los migrantes no europeos, la llegada y el fortalecimiento en el poder de Joaquín Balaguer (1966-1978), el crecimiento poblacional y la crisis de la industria azucarera en la década de los ochenta El éxodo masivo de los nacionales dominicanos estuvo orientado específicamente hacia Puerto Rico y los Estados Unidos de América, sobre todo hacia la ciudad de New York. Es aquí donde la migración, en cuanto fenómeno dinámico, facilita o hace posible, en un proceso constante de cambios, la transformación del migrante dominicano, quien por encima de la distancia y las fronteras geográficas, logra mantener lazos estrechos con su país de origen, acercándose cada vez más a su tierra natal, raíces, cultura y tradiciones. El Transnacionalismo, pues, lejos de provocar el olvido y el desamor por los suyos y su pequeño terruño, acrecienta, por el contrario, la solidaridad y la dominicanidad.
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Dammann, Andrew. "Categorical and Vague Claims that Criminal Activity is Afoot." Texas A&M Law Review 2, no. 3 (January 2015): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v2.i3.7.
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In Illinois v. Wardlow, the Supreme Court announced that mere presence in a high-crime area is a constitutionally significant factor for deciding if there is the necessary reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot in order to justify a stop and frisk. Relying in part on the constitutional significance Wardlow attached to the vague term high-crime area, New York instituted an aggressive stop-and-frisk policy to combat crime and make New York a safer city. New York was sued under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in Floyd v. City of New York. New York’s appeal was dropped when new mayor Bill de Blasio agreed to the remedies outlined in the Floyd opinion. At the press conference where Mayor de Blasio announced the settlement that dropped the appeal, Police Commissioner William Bratton said, “[W]e will not break the law to enforce the law.” This Article asserts that enforcing the law without breaking it becomes impossibly problematic when the law is as uncertain as it is with high-crime areas. This Article begins with a critique of the uncertainty created by attaching constitutional significance to high-crime areas without defining or describing what a high-crime area is. The Article urges city councils and other appropriate legislatures to designate which areas are high-crime areas. It argues that such a designation would foreclose the difficult problem of municipal liability that Judge Scheindlin grappled with in Floyd, that legislative designations of high-crime areas square with Fourth Amendment principles, and that legislatures, not executive auxiliaries like police departments, are the proper governmental bodies to make that designation.
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Lee, Mitchell. "Self and The City: Social Identity and Ritual at New York City Football Club." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 47, no. 3 (November 24, 2016): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241616677581.
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This article addresses the construction of a singing culture at New York City Football Club (NYCFC) over the course of its inaugural season in Major League Soccer (MLS). Although being a supporter can provide many of the feelings associated with the term “community,” in order to capture the fluid reality of twenty-first-century group formation, this article rejects that label, preferring to understand NYCFC fandom as an emerging “social identity.” Such an approach enables us to recognize the many layers of identification that form people’s self-concepts. I argue that NYCFC fandom, and perhaps social identities more broadly, are realized through ritual interaction in the form of normative group behavior. In this case, song is the meeting point of the converging worlds of soccer fandom and New York City, negotiating a shared musical culture that gives meaning to a new social identity.
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Suzman, Michael S., Krisha Sobocinski, Harvey Himel, and Roger W. Yurt. "Major Burn Injuries Among Restaurant Workers in New York City." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 22, no. 6 (November 2001): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200111000-00014.
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Badger, Reid. "Pride Without Prejudice: The Day New York “Drew No Color Line”." Prospects 16 (October 1991): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004609.
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On an unusually bright, faintly springlike morning in mid–February of 1919 in New York City, a huge crowd of perhaps a million people gathered along Fifth Avenue all the way from Madison Square Park to 110th Street and from there along Lenox Avenue north to 145th Street. Along with Governor Al Smith, ex-Governor Charles Whitman, Acting-Mayor Robert Moran, Special Assistant to the Secretary of War Emmett J. Scott, William Randolph Hearst, Rodman Wanamaker, and other notables, they had come to welcome home the men of the Fifteenth Infantry Regiment of New York's National Guard, who had fought so well in France as the 369th Infantry Regiment of the American Expeditionary Force (Figure 1).
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Esposito, Michelle Marie, and Anna King. "New York City: COVID-19 quarantine and crime." Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-10-2020-0046.
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Purpose In early 2020, the world faced a rapid life-changing pandemic in the form of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Citywide lockdowns with stay-at-home orders and mass closings quickly became the “new normal.” With these new mandates, routine activity, mental health and financial securities all began to experience major deviations, and it became clear that this could prove to be rather valuable in providing the opportunity for large-scale criminology experiments. This study aims to explore New York City's (NYC) crime patterns during this unique social situation. Specifically, has crime as a whole increased or decreased, and have particular crimes increased or decreased during these stressful fluid times? Design/methodology/approach The authors briefly review previous crises and worldwide trends but focus on NYC crime as collected by the New York Police Department's statistics unit, “CompStat.” An analysis of 13 crime types from March 30 to July 5 was completed, including percent differences and individual weekly incidence rates in citywide crimes compared to the same time in 2019. Findings The analysis demonstrated that all crimes analyzed, except for murder and burglary, exhibited a statistically significant difference during COVID-19 conditions compared to the same time the previous year. Grand larceny auto and gun violence crimes significantly increased during COVID-19 weeks, whereas rape, other sex crimes, robbery, felony assault, grand larceny, transit, housing, misdemeanor assault and petit larceny all significantly decreased. Originality/value Due to the ongoing nature of the pandemic, this is amongst the first studies to examine trends in NYC crime during pandemic mandates. Expanding our knowledge in these situations can inform natural disaster responses, as well as criminal justice policy and practice to better protect the public in future crises.
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Elmedni, Bakry. "The Mirage of Housing Affordability: An Analysis of Affordable Housing Plans in New York City." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 215824401880921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018809218.
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In the opening of the 21st century, housing affordability was described by the U.S. Congress as the most urgent issue facing America. This article provides an analysis of how feasible Mayor de Blasio’s Five Borough Ten-Year Plan will be in providing adequate affordable housing to low-income residents in New York City (NYC). It examines three main topics: (a) the Plan’s focus on using the private sector to achieve public goals and whether this is likely to come with unintended consequences such as less focus on the needy and gentrification of struggling neighborhoods, (b) the role of the nonprofit sector, which has historically been a major player in housing policies in the NYC, and (c) how much influence or control a municipal government has on economic forces to avoid negative outcomes. The analysis reveals that while providing any number of affordable units is a positive thing, it is unreasonable to assume that this intervention alone can adequately address the housing affordability crisis in NYC. This article also exposes other emerging problems as the plan is being implemented. One major concern is that through tax credits and rezoning efforts to encourage private-sector development, the Plan may wind up benefiting housing developers and gentrifiers more than actually ameliorating the housing crisis in NYC. Housing affordability is a multifaceted issue which requires a multifaceted approach from federal and state governments working in tandem with local governments.
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Wiley, Lindsay F., Micah L. Berman, and Doug Blanke. "Who's Your Nanny? Choice, Paternalism and Public Health in the Age of Personal Responsibility." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, S1 (2013): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12048.
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In June 2012, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced his plans for a ban on the sale of sugary beverages in containers larger than 16 ounces. Shortly thereafter, the Center for Consumer Freedom took out a full-page ad in the New York Times featuring Bloomberg photo-shopped into a matronly dress with the tag line “New Yorkers need a Mayor, not a Nanny.” On television, the CATO Institute's Michael Cannon declared, “This is the most ridiculous sort of nanny state-ism; [i]t’s none of the mayor's business how much soda people are drinking.” And in newspapers around the country, editorial pages featured headlines such as “Gulp! Yet Another Intrusion of the Nanny State.” Just like that, the public debate about this measure became focused on government overreach, while the public health problem of obesity (and of overconsumption of soda in particular) faded into the background.
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Gordon, Tatyiana. "New York City’s Brownfield Redevelopment Program: Economic Catalyst or Taxpayer Giveaway?" Journal of Environment and Ecology 12, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v12i2.18663.
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The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the New York City Office of Environmental Remediation (OER) manage and coordinate brownfield cleanup programs. These are intended to promote environmental restoration and redevelopment of underutilized or abandoned properties that have been affected by the presence or discharges of oil or hazardous substances. This paper seeks to determine whether these programs have achieved the goals and objectives sought by decision makers and if the cost of those achievements in terms of public money subsidies and forgone tax revenue have been commensurate with the realized benefits.The DEC brownfield program offers financial incentives, such as tax credits, as well as regulatory benefits (limited liability protections) to promote alternatives to greenfield development. OER efforts are New York City centric with incentives divided into three sectors: procedural, legal, and financial with a major goal of reducing remedial (cleanup) timeframes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the New York City Brownfield program changes in property values over time were evaluated. The five New York City counties experiencing the two highest percent increases in property values also claimed the highest brownfield credits. Queens and Brooklyn received most brownfield credits during this period but also experienced the most redevelopment. These and other data illustrate a return on the brownfield investment (ROBI) credit of about one to six; or one dollar in brownfield credit stimulating six dollars in project spending. New York City counties’ ROBI is consistent with all other New York State County ROBI’s: roughly six dollars in redevelopment activity being stimulated by one dollar in brownfield credit. The roughly $6 ROBI presented here is similar to ROI’s for other public services such as disease prevention and incarceration intervention.
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Chronopoulos, Themis, and Jonathan Soffer. "Introduction. After the Urban Crisis: New York and the Rise of Inequality." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217714758.
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The introduction to this special section argues that the deconstruction of the city’s municipal social democracy was overdetermined by shifts in the global political economy toward increased income inequality and the depoliticization of national economic management. The city’s creditors forced it into an ideologically-motivated program of market discipline that cut its operating budget as the city’s economy financialized, defined by Greta Krippner as “the tendency for profit making in the economy to occur increasingly through financial channels rather than through productive activities.” The city’s leaders believed that their program would revive the city for the middle class. But financialization exacerbated income inequality. In 1970, the top 0.01 percent of earners made fifty times the average income; by 1998, that figure had increased to 250 times the average income. In 2013 Mayor Michael Bloomberg commented that: “If we could get every billionaire around the world to move here, it would be a godsend that would create a much bigger income gap,” which, he argued, was good for the whole city, because it would raise its tax base. The four articles of this section are part of a new and growing body of historical works about New York City since the 1970s that challenge the linear narratives of concepts such as neoliberalism, gentrification, public space, law and order, and resistance by reviewing how ordinary New Yorkers coped with declining infrastructure, services, standards of living, and increasing inequality.
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Jiao, Junfeng, and Shunhua Bai. "Cities reshaped by Airbnb: A case study in New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19853275.
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In the last 10 years, Airbnb has rapidly grown from a simple, online bed and breakfast operation to a leading global hospitality service provider. Scholars have been using different spatial analysis tools to study its potential impacts on cities. To better understand Airbnb’s impact this featured graphic applied a cartogram processing tool to reshape census tracts based on Airbnb listing intensity in three major US cities (New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles). Results showed that different cities have different patterns of Airbnb listings. Census tracts in New York City became completely unrecognizable after the analysis, which indicted a highly skewed Airbnb distribution in the city. Compared with New York City, we saw less and least deformation in Chicago and Los Angeles, respectively, where Airbnb was more evenly distributed. The results showed that Airbnb listings were very evenly distributed in the large US cities. Airbnb would impose completely different impacts on different neighborhoods based on their locations.
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Lui, Adonica Y. "The Machine and Social Policies: Tammany Hall and the Politics of Public Outdoor Relief, New York City, 1874–1898." Studies in American Political Development 9, no. 2 (1995): 386–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x0000136x.
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In the late nineteenth century, public outdoor relief came under severe and sustained attack from reformers. Municipal reformers attacked it as a source of machine patronage and corruption, and charity reformers saw it as the cause of pauperism and moral turpitude among the poor. But in New York City, the critical decision to cut the municipal program came not from the reformers, but from the city's Democratic machine, Tammany Hall itself. In December 1876, the machine administration of Tammany Mayor William Wickham and Boss John Kelly terminated municipal outdoor relief funding for 1877, except for the distribution of coal. The previous “reform” administration had, by contrast, kept the program intact.
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Hanchar, John J., Wayne A. Knoblauch, and Robert A. Milligan. "Constraining Phosphorus in Surface Waters of the New York City Watershed: Dairy Farm Resource Use and Profitability." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 32, no. 2 (October 2003): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005955.
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The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. A “phosphorus index for site evaluation” (P-index) provides planners in the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program with a tool for identifying individual farm business, phosphorus related problems, and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model is employed to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability, with the P-index used to impose phosphorus movement constraints. Results indicate dramatic differences in farm resource use and farm business profitability depending on the level of the P-index. Small changes in the target index level result in large shifts in optimal resource use and business profitability. These differences illustrate that restrictions on phosphorus movement from land to surface waters potentially have major impacts on resource use and farm profitability in the New York City Watershed.
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Enos, Gary. "Major effort to close treatment gap in New York City faces criticism." Mental Health Weekly 29, no. 11 (March 18, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.31817.
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Chelkowski, Peter J. "From Karbala to New York City: Taziyeh on the Move." TDR/The Drama Review 49, no. 4 (December 2005): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105420405774762871.
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This collection of articles traces Taziyeh from its origins in Karbala in Iraq through its development as a serious dramatic form in Iran; its adaptation in Lebanon, India, and the Caribbean; and its debut on Western stages, culminating in a 2002 performance at Lincoln Center in New York City and a historic symposium at the Asia Society, where this issue got its start. Karbala and the relationship between Shiite and Sunnite Muslims, the origins of which are represented in the plays and rituals that commemorate the death of the Prophet Muhammad's grandson Hussein, have become major preoccupations of the Western media since the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003.An examination of Taziyeh reveals many of the historical, cultural, religious, and political paradigms that have made Karbala the touchstone for Shiite Muslims everywhere.
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LANDMAN, D., M. BUTNARIU, S. BRATU, and J. QUALE. "Genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiendemic to New York City." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 2 (May 27, 2008): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000824.
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SUMMARYMultidrug-resistant isolates ofAcinetobacter baumanniifrom New York City generally belong to one of three ribotypes. To assess the accuracy of ribotyping, the relatedness of representative isolates was further assessed by rep-PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and DNA sequencing of five genes potentially associated with antimicrobial resistance (ampC,ompA,adeB,adeR, andabeM). The isolates fell into several major groups. The first group shared the same ribotype and had common mutations affecting OmpA, AdeR, and AbeM, but consisted of two subtypes with distinctive rep-PCR and PFGE patterns andampCmutations. The second and third groups shared common alterations in OmpA, AdeR, and AbeM, but had distinct ribotype, rep-PCR, and PFGE patterns. The resistant isolates were unrelated to the β-lactam susceptible isolates. Many of the resistant strains shared OmpA and AdeB patterns observed in several European clonal groups. Further development of a multilocus sequencing typing scheme will help determine if multidrug-resistant isolates from diverse geographic areas are indeed ancestrally related.
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Hirshon, Nicholas, and Craig Davis. "Live From Nassau Mausoleum: Reactive Strategies at a Major Sports Arena." Case Studies in Sport Management 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2015-0010.
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Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, a sports and entertainment arena in Long Island, New York, encountered a public relations challenge in the 1990s. Nassau Coliseum, one of a few high-capacity venues in the New York metropolitan area, hosted the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League and concerts featuring headliners such as the Grateful Dead, New Kids on the Block, and Frank Sinatra. Nevertheless, the arena became a target for the world’s first all-sports radio station, WFAN 660 AM in New York City. WFAN hosts perpetuated the image of a dreary “Nassau Mausoleum” with dim lighting, long bathroom and concession lines, and a leaky roof. By placing students in the decision-making situation that confronted the Nassau Coliseum executives, this case explores various approaches to reputation management at sports venues.
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Holtzman, Benjamin. "“I Am Not Co-op!”: The Struggle over Middle-Class Housing in 1970s New York." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 864–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217714759.
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In 1970s New York, landlords and major real estate associations argued that New York could stem the exodus of middle-income residents by creating greater opportunities for homeownership in a city that had long been dominated overwhelmingly by renters. They proposed converting middle-income rental housing into cooperatives, a process that would also enable former landlords to profit handsomely. Tenants, however, widely rejected apartment ownership, preferring the security of rent-regulated housing. This article traces the ensuing struggles between tenants, the real estate industry, and city officials over the nature of moderate- and middle-income housing in New York. The eventual success of the real estate industry enabled cooperative conversions to expand dramatically in the 1980s, but only by bargaining with tenants and activists, offering tenants noneviction plans, and discounting prices. This process helped to transform the city by underwriting a momentous turnaround in the real estate market, while signaling a larger embrace of market deregulation.
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Bruner, Mia. "The Municipal Reference and Research Center is Born: New York’s Municipal Library in the late 1960s." DttP: Documents to the People 44, no. 4 (January 31, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v44i4.6224.
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Recently the news site Democracy Now! featured a story titled “NYPD Surveillance Unveiled: City Claims to Lose Docs on 1960s Radicals, Then Finds 1 Million Records.”1 The segment describes Baruch College professor Johanna Fernández’s efforts to access records of New York Police Department (NYPD) surveillance of radical organizations in the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 2000s, Fernández began her search for this material but encountered a major obstacle when the city of New York claimed it had lost them. Sixteen years later, the city contacted Fernández to inform her that these documents were in fact not lost and had been found with more than 520 boxes of related materials in a warehouse in Queens.
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Losier, Toussaint. "Against ‘law and order’ lockup: the 1970 NYC jail rebellions." Race & Class 59, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396817707431.
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The article focuses on a series of rebellions that occurred within the New York City jail system in 1970 over problems of overcrowding and inhumane conditions and the resurgent practice of preventive detention. While championed in the Nixon administration’s vision of ‘law and order’, preventive detention was carried out by John Lindsay, the liberal Republican mayor of New York City, not only against political dissidents, but also against working-class citizens too poor to afford bail. During the course of the October revolts in five facilities including the Tombs, Branch Queens, and Rikers Island, inmates called attention to this practice, winning an unprecedented set of bail review hearings during the course of their takeover of a local jail. These radical prison movements, which were influenced by inmates from the Black Panther Party and Young Lords Party, drew upon discourses of human rights, multiracial unity, and national liberation and also joined calls for broader social transformation. Though short-lived, these events shed light on the contested legacy of preventive detention, a crucial strategic reminder amidst today’s resurgence in ‘law and order’ rhetoric and practice.
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Levinson, Marc. "Container Shipping and the Decline of New York, 1955–1975." Business History Review 80, no. 1 (2006): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500080983.
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The introduction of container shipping in the late 1950s and early 1960s has received little attention from historians, but it represents a major technological advance with significant economic consequences. By dramatically lowering the cost of freight handling, the container reduced the need for factories to be near suppliers and markets and opened the way for manufacturing to move out of urban centers, first domestically and then abroad. This impact was particularly intense in New York City, where the container revolution began. Containerization had a devastating impact on New York City's economy, and was a major contributor to the collapse of its industrial base between 1967 and 1975.
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Peltier, Richard E., Shao-I. Hsu, Ramona Lall, and Morton Lippmann. "Residual oil combustion: a major source of airborne nickel in New York City." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 19, no. 6 (October 8, 2008): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.60.
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Ikeler, Peter. "Workers’ Power in the Global City? Lessons from Three New York Transit Strikes." Labor Studies Journal 36, no. 4 (November 16, 2011): 460–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x11425715.
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Drawing on the influential global cities paradigm, this article derives three hypotheses about the future of organized labor in major urban centers of the advanced capitalist world. Hypotheses are structured around Erik Olin Wright’s concepts of structural and associational power, plus that of employer power, and explored through comparative analyses of the last three strikes by New York City transit workers in 2005, 1980, and 1966. Examination of these conflicts supports two global cities predictions about the evolution of workers’ power in major urban centers while contradicting doomsday arguments about a supposed one-way decline of workers’ power.
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Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn. "Declining Mortality Inequality within Cities during the Health Transition." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151070.
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In the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century, large cities had extremely high death rates from infectious disease. Within major cities such as New York City and Philadelphia, there was significant variation at any point in time in the mortality rate across neighborhoods. Between 1900 and 1930 neighborhood mortality convergence took place in New York City and Philadelphia. We document these trends and discuss their consequences for neighborhood quality of life dynamics and the economic incidence of who gains from effective public health interventions.
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Wong, Kenneth K. "Redesigning Urban Districts in the USA: Mayoral Accountability and the Diverse Provider Model." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 39, no. 4 (June 28, 2011): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143211404952.
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In response to public pressure, urban districts in the USA have initiated reforms that aim at redrawing the boundaries between the school system and other major local institutions. More specifically, this article focuses on two emerging reform strategies. We will examine an emerging model of governance that enables big-city mayors to establish authority over the school system, a significant departure from the dominant practice of district governance under an independently elected school board. Mayors in New York, Chicago, Boston and Washington DC, among others, have taken control over the school system with the authority to appoint the school board and/or the superintendent. Further, this article examines a reform strategy that allows for a closer working partnership between public schools and outside providers. This ‘diverse provider’ strategy significantly shifts power from traditionally powerful stakeholders (such as organized teachers’ union) by enabling non-profit and for-profit organizations to manage schools and other services. To illustrate the design and implementation of this type of reform, we will discuss the experience in Chicago (a mayor-led district) and Philadelphia (a district jointly governed by the governor and the mayor). In short, mayoral accountability and the diverse provider model constitute the latest reconfigurations in urban school governance in the USA.
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Stein, Cheryl R., Jennifer A. Ellis, David A. Savitz, Laura Vichinsky, and Sarah B. Perl. "Decline in Smoking during Pregnancy in New York City, 1995–2005." Public Health Reports 124, no. 6 (November 2009): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490912400612.
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Objectives. The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between 46 states and four major tobacco companies increased tobacco control funding and restricted tobacco marketing. In 2002, New York City (NYC) began a comprehensive tobacco control program that raised the price of cigarettes, banned indoor workplace smoking, and increased access to cessation treatment. We examined the temporal pattern of smoking during pregnancy, including ethnic variation in smoking prevalence, relative to the implementation of the MSA and NYC's comprehensive tobacco control program using birth certificate data. Methods. Using multiple logistic regression, we analyzed NYC birth certificate data to examine prenatal smoking during three time periods: 1995–1998 (pre-MSA), 1999–2002 (post-MSA, pre-NYC tobacco control), and 2003–2005 (post-MSA, post-tobacco control). Results. Overall, 3.0% of 1,136,437 births included were to smoking mothers. The proportion of smoking mothers declined from 4.5% in 1995–1998 to 1.7% in 2003–2005. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women had 2.46 increased odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36, 2.55) of smoking during 1995–1998, and 3.63 increased odds (95% CI 3.39, 3.88) of smoking during 2003–2005, despite an absolute reduction in smoking from 10.4% to 5.0%. Puerto Rican women also smoked considerably more than non-Hispanic white women. Conclusions. These findings document a striking temporal decline in prenatal smoking in NYC concurrent with changing tobacco control policies. Targeted efforts may be required to address the increasing disparity in prenatal smoking between non-Hispanic white and African American and Puerto Rican women.
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Taylor, William R. "New York and the Origin of the Skyline: The Visual City as Text." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005287.
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How do we visualize our large cities? What kinds of shapes, overall, do we imagine them to have? These questions would have brought different answers in each major period of urban change in our country's development. Each period seemed to develop a favored perspective. Eighteenth and early-19th-century New Yorkers thought of the city as it looked when one approached it by sea from the harbor. Mid-19th-century viewers imagined a city seen from a bird's eye view like that provided by the Latting Observatory on 42nd Street, stretching to the north. By the end of the century, the approach to the city by rail and road began to encourage a new perspective on the city, silhouetted against the skywhat we have come to know as the skyline view. Each of these perspectives on the city reflects something about the urban culture of the period that created and favored the perspective. In the values and meaning that have become associated with it, the skyline is no exception.
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Taylor, William R. "New York and the Origin of the Skyline: The Visual City as Text." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006736.
Full textAbstract:
How do we visualize our large cities? What kinds of shapes, overall, do we imagine them to have? These questions would have brought different answers in each major period of urban change in our country's development. Each period seemed to develop a favored perspective. Eighteenth and early-19th-century New Yorkers thought of the city as it looked when one approached it by sea from the harbor. Mid-19th-century viewers imagined a city seen from a bird's eye view like that provided by the Latting Observatory on 42nd Street, stretching to the north. By the end of the century, the approach to the city by rail and road began to encourage a new perspective on the city, silhouetted against the skywhat we have come to know as the skyline view. Each of these perspectives on the city reflects something about the urban culture of the period that created and favored the perspective. In the values and meaning that have become associated with it, the skyline is no exception.
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Aerts, J. C. J. H., and W. J. W. Botzen. "Brief communication "Hurricane Irene: a wake-up call for New York City?"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 7, 2012): 1837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1837-2012.
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Abstract. The weakening of Irene from a Category 3 hurricane to a tropical storm resulted in less damage in New York City (NYC) than initially was anticipated. It is widely recognized that the storm surge and associated flooding could have been much more severe. In a recent study, we showed that a direct hit to the city from a hurricane may expose an enormous number of people to flooding. A major hurricane has the potential to cause large-scale damage in NYC. The city's resilience to flooding can be increased by improving and integrating flood insurance, flood zoning, and building code policies.
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Boyd, L. R., A. P. Novetsky, and J. P. Curtin. "Ovarian cancer treatment in the New York City municipal hospital system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 5569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5569.
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5569 Background: OC patients (pts) from minority groups/lower socioeconomic strata are reported to have poorer outcomes. New York City (NYC) Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) has 11 municipal hospitals. We evaluated surgical management of OC pts in HHC hospitals. Methods: The New York State SPARCS database of admissions was queried for OC pts in the years 2001 to 2006. Pts from HHC were compared to pts from all other NYC hospitals (other cohort). Pt demographics, procedure performed, emergent vs. scheduled admission, length of stay, and hospital charges were compared utilizing chi-square. A comorbidity index was applied to both cohorts. Surgeons were stratified by subspecialty training and OC case volume. Results: 6,010 admissions for OC were identified. 3,624 were major surgical procedures: 187 from the HHC cohort and 3,436 from the other cohort. Demographics for HHC vs other cohort, respectively: Caucasian 37 (20%) vs 2,224 (65%); African-American (AA): 64 (34%) vs 460 (13%); Asian 20 (11%) vs 181 (5%); other: 66 (35%) vs 286 (8%); unknown 0 vs. 286 (8%) (p< 0.001). Payors for the HHC vs other cohort, respectively: Medicaid 108/187 (57%) vs 279/3,437 (8%); Medicare 22/187 (12%) vs 872/3,437 (25%); private insurance 38/187 (20%) vs 2,244/3,437 (65%); self-pay 18/187 (10%) vs 40/3,437 (1%) (p < 0.001). Urgent admissions were 96/187 (51%) of HHC cohort vs 902/3,436 (26%) of other cohort (p < 0.001). There were no differences in comorbidity rating or procedures performed. Subspecialty surgeons were documented for 59/187 (32%) of HHC cohort vs 1,839/3,437 (53%) of other cohort (p < 0.001). The majority of surgeons performed less than two OC cases over the six year period, however surgeons with cases at HHC hospitals were more likely to be represented in the top 15% of total case volume (25% vs 14%, p < 0.01) due to affiliations with academic centers. Conclusions: Pts in HHC cohort were more likely to be AA, have an urgent admission and less likely to have insurance or have a gynecologic oncologist as a surgeon. However there is evidence of centralized care for some in the HHC cohort. Despite the limitations associated with using a large database, clear differences were seen in the patterns of care between municipal and all other NYC OC pts. Studies to document outcomes and further optimize care within the HHC hospital system are ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Marks, Whitney W., Tiesha R. Martin, and Stacy Warner. "To Run or Not to Run? A Community in Crisis." Case Studies in Sport Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2014-0022.
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This case addresses the events leading up to the cancellation of the 2012 New York City Marathon in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy. The case highlights the importance of making fair and timely decisions. The case is assembled based on newspaper accounts of the circumstances that led to New York City’s Mayor Bloomberg declaring the 2012 marathon would be held and then two days later canceling the event. The facts that were available to Mayor Bloomberg are presented in such a way that students can consider and analyze what they would have done and when, and how this may or may not differ from what actually occurred. Most importantly, the case highlights the decision-making process that many sport and event managers will encounter in the field when a weather-related event occurs in the midst of a planned athletic event. Consequently, the case provides students with an opportunity to critically examine the following: 1) how a sport organization should respond to a crisis; 2) the impact of decision-making on various event stakeholders; 3) the ethics involved in decision-making; and 4) how sport and event managers should respond to public criticism. The case is intended for use in classes focused on event management, sport ethics, and public relations.
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Farhan, Serdar, Haroon Kamran, Birgit Vogel, Karan Garg, Ajit Rao, Navneet Narula, Glenn Jacobowitz, et al. "Considerations for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 27 (January 1, 2021): 107602962098687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029620986877.
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New York City was one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic. The management of peripheral artery disease (PAD) during this time has been a major challenge for health care systems and medical personnel. This document is based on the experiences of experts from various medical fields involved in the treatment of patients with PAD practicing in hospitals across New York City during the outbreak. The recommendations are based on certain aspects including the COVID-19 infection status as well as the clinical PAD presentation of the patient. Our case-based algorithm aims at guiding the treatment of patients with PAD during the pandemic in a safe and efficient way.
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Yeung, June K., James A. Smith, Mary Lynn Baeck, and Gabriele Villarini. "Lagrangian Analyses of Rainfall Structure and Evolution for Organized Thunderstorm Systems in the Urban Corridor of the Northeastern United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 4 (July 29, 2015): 1575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0095.1.
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Abstract In this study, a climatology of the structure and evolution of rainfall for organized thunderstorm systems in the urban corridor of the northeastern United States is developed. These storm systems are major agents of flash flooding for urban regions of the northeastern United States and, more generally, for the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. The analyses are motivated by problems that center on characterizing flash flood hazards. The authors focus on spatial heterogeneities of rainfall associated with urbanization in a region of complex landscape including mountainous terrain and land–water boundaries along the geometrically complex coastline of the New York City–New Jersey metropolitan region. The sample of storms selected for investigation consists of the 50 days from April to September 2001–09 with the largest cloud-to-ground lightning flash density derived from National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) observations over the study region. Storm-tracking analyses of 3D radar reflectivity fields are performed for the 50 storm days and used to develop a Lagrangian climatology of storm structure and evolution for the study region. Rainfall analyses for the 50 storm days are based on high-resolution (1 km, 15 min) bias-corrected radar rainfall fields developed from the Hydro-NEXRAD system. The analyses suggest that complex terrain and land–water boundaries have large impacts on Lagrangian storm properties. Areas of increased heavy rainfall and lightning flash density over New York City were identified. The authors found evidence for changing storm structure as thunderstorms pass over New York City, but little evidence that thunderstorms split as they approach New York City.
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Suzman, M., K. Sobocinski, B. Rosenfield, H. Himel, and R. Yurt. "Major Burn Injuries Among Restaurant Workers in New York City: A Three-Year Case Review." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 21 (January 2000): S246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200001001-00223.
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Masiol, M., P. K. Hopke, H. D. Felton, B. P. Frank, O. V. Rattigan, M. J. Wurth, and G. H. LaDuke. "Analysis of major air pollutants and submicron particles in New York City and Long Island." Atmospheric Environment 148 (January 2017): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.043.
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Adhikari, Atin, and Jingjing Yin. "Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Queens, New York." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114047.
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the data provided by the New York State Department of Health, most of the cases of new COVID-19 infections in New York City have been found in the Queens county where 42,023 people have tested positive, and 3221 people have died as of 20 April 2020. Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. A few previous studies have explored the links between air pollution and COVID-19 infections, but more data is needed to understand the effects of short-term exposures of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the spread of COVID-19 infections, particularly in the U.S. disease epicenters. In this study, we have focused on ozone and PM2.5, two major air pollutants in New York City, which were previously found to be associated with respiratory viral infections. The aim of our regression modeling was to explore the associations among ozone, PM2.5, daily meteorological variables (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, cloud percentages, and precipitation levels), and COVID-19 confirmed new cases and new deaths in Queens county, New York during March and April 2020. The results from these analyses showed that daily average temperature, daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, average relative humidity, and cloud percentages were significantly and positively associated with new confirmed cases related to COVID-19; none of these variables showed significant associations with new deaths related to COVID-19. The findings indicate that short-term exposures to ozone and other meteorological factors can influence COVID-19 transmission and initiation of the disease, but disease aggravation and mortality depend on other factors.
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Cutler, Marc, Lance Grenzeback, Alice Cheng, and Richard Roberts. "Assessment of Market Demand for Cross-Harbor Rail Freight Service in the New York Metropolitan Region." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1719, no. 1 (January 2000): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1719-03.
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An investment study sponsored by the New York City Economic Development Corporation with Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 funds evaluated strategies for improving the movement of freight by rail to an 11-county subregion (including New York City) of the New York and northern New Jersey metropolitan area located east of the Hudson River. The major achievements of the process were the use of choice modeling techniques to understand the decision making of shippers and, in combination with other data sources, forecasting the demand for freight infrastructure investments. The methodologies described are applicable to the study of freight transportation investment strategies in many settings. The key finding of the analysis is that a rail freight tunnel would increase rail mode share relative to other alternatives and the so-called No Build case. The subregion east of the Hudson contains two-thirds of the region’s population, but it is at a significant disadvantage in the movement of freight relative to the subregion west of the Hudson. Rail accounts for only 2.8 percent of all the subregion’s shipments, compared to 15 percent within the subregion west of the Hudson. Two limited rail crossings of the Hudson River provide access to New York City and the rest of the east subregion. These conditions affect the level of truck traffic and air pollution within the subregion, the subregion’s overall economic competitiveness, and the viability of its port facilities. To address these concerns, four families of alternatives that could improve cross-harbor rail freight service were analyzed. Discussed is how the market demand for these alternatives was analyzed by linking six distinct methodologies and data sets: ( a) regional economic forecasts, ( b) commodity flow data, ( c) a modal diversion model, ( d) regional port forecasts, ( e) a regional travel demand forecasting model, and ( f) user benefit calculation models.
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Romero, Leocadia Díaz. "Social Media, Civic Engagement, and Local Governments." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 3, no. 4 (October 2016): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2016100102.
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Social media, if correctly used, enhance cultural, political, economic and social engagement. They also represent key communications tools for administrators to highlight the principles of openness and transparency. Nowadays Local Governments have as well a social media presence. The following contribution casts light on contemporary forms of democracy, deepening on concepts such as E-Government and E-Democracy. The paper describes as well how the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Social Media can benefit governance, and promote good governance, focusing on some experiences launched at the local and municipal level. Finally, it offers an empirical approach of the use of ICTs by the Office of the Mayor of New York City, Bill de Blasio.
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Combs, Matthew, Kaylee A. Byers, Bruno M. Ghersi, Michael J. Blum, Adalgisa Caccone, Federico Costa, Chelsea G. Himsworth, Jonathan L. Richardson, and Jason Munshi-South. "Urban rat races: spatial population genomics of brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) compared across multiple cities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 6, 2018): 20180245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0245.
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Urbanization often substantially influences animal movement and gene flow. However, few studies to date have examined gene flow of the same species across multiple cities. In this study, we examine brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) to test hypotheses about the repeatability of neutral evolution across four cities: Salvador, Brazil; New Orleans, USA; Vancouver, Canada; and New York City, USA. At least 150 rats were sampled from each city and genotyped for a minimum of 15 000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Levels of genome-wide diversity were similar across cities, but varied across neighbourhoods within cities. All four populations exhibited high spatial autocorrelation at the shortest distance classes (less than 500 m) owing to limited dispersal. Coancestry and evolutionary clustering analyses identified genetic discontinuities within each city that coincided with a resource desert in New York City, major waterways in New Orleans, and roads in Salvador and Vancouver. Such replicated studies are crucial to assessing the generality of predictions from urban evolution, and have practical applications for pest management and public health. Future studies should include a range of global cities in different biomes, incorporate multiple species, and examine the impact of specific characteristics of the built environment and human socioeconomics on gene flow.
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Shih, Howard, and Melany De La Cruz-Viesca. "A Tale of Two Global Cities: The State of Asian Americans in Los Angeles and New York." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 10, no. 2 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus10.2_1-22_shihetal.
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At the national level, the Asian American population has grown more than any other major race group. According to the 2010 Census, the Los Angeles metro area had 2,199,186 Asians, making it the home to the largest Asian population in the United States. Following close behind was the New York City metro area with 2,008,906 Asians. Over a quarter of the 14.7 million Asian Americans reside in either of the two greater metropolitan regions, where they comprise around a tenth of the total population in each metropolis. We begin with a brief historical overview of immigration legislation that has both invited and excluded Asian Americans, as a means of understanding how Asian Americans have been perceived over time. We will also compare some key characteristics of Asian American populations in Los Angeles County, New York City, the Balance of LA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) (excluding Los Angeles County), and the Balance of NYC CSA (excluding New York City), and the Balance of the United States. The paper will cover: (1) demographic trends and patterns (2) economic status (3) political engagement and incorporation, and (4) residential settlement patterns. We close with a discussion of how these demographic changes have contributed to Asian Americans rapid social, economic, and political upward mobility in the last decade, at a time when the global restructuring of the economy has blurred nation-state boundaries that once existed and migration from Asia to the United States has become more complex, particularly over the past two decades.
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Rossi, Ugo, and Arturo Di Bella. "Start-up urbanism: New York, Rio de Janeiro and the global urbanization of technology-based economies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 5 (January 29, 2017): 999–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17690153.
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This article investigates the variegated urbanization of technology-based economies through the lenses of a comparative analysis looking at New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Over the last decade, the former has gained a reputation as a ‘model tech city’ at the global level, while the latter is an example of emerging ‘start-up city’. Using a Marxist-Foucauldian approach, the article argues that, while technopoles in the 1980s and the 1990s arose from the late Keynesian state, the globally hegemonic phenomenon of start-up urbanism is illustrative of an increasingly decentralized neoliberal project of self-governing ‘enterprise society’, mobilizing ideas of community, cooperation and horizontality within a context of cognitive-communicative capitalism in which urban environments acquire renewed centrality. In doing so, the article underlines start-up urbanism’s key contribution to the reinvention of the culture of global capitalism in times of perceived economic shrinkage worldwide and the central role played by major metropolitan centres in this respect.