Journal articles: 'New Zealand Alien labor'

1

Martin, John E. "Labor History in New Zealand." International Labor and Working-Class History 49 (1996): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900001757.

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Atkin, Bill. "Family Law – Solidarity or Disarray?" Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 50, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v50i2.5751.

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Professor Gordon Anderson and labour law are synonymous in New Zealand. Gordon has provided a vision for the future of labour law. This article is offered in a similar spirit. It was prepared for a conference on "The Future of Family Law", held in Auckland on 20 September 2018 with distinguished guest, Lady Brenda Hale, President of the United Kingdom Supreme Court. The history of family law in New Zealand is full of remarkable landmarks. Many align with the rights of various groups: children, women, Māori, those with intellectual disabilities, LGBTI+ communities and abuse victims. If we dig deeper, we find that the various parts do not make a very coherent and harmonious whole. The law is tugged in different directions. This article draws on the concept of "family solidarity", refashioned for New Zealand purposes as "family and community solidarity". Could this help develop a unifying theme? Could it form the basis for future family law reform? Developments such as legislation on child poverty reduction, the Ministry for Children and relationship property law are briefly explored.

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Williamson, Michelle E., Philip E. Hulme, David A. Condor, and Hazel M. Chapman. "Local adaptation in a New Zealand invader, Mimulus guttatus." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (August 1, 2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.217.

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The New Zealand flora comprises proportionately more alien species than anywhere else on Earth. Many of these species are ‘sleeper’ species, currently not invasive but with the potential to become so. Understanding what traits lead to sleepers becoming invasive is a key question in invasion biology. One hypothesis is local adaptation — that is, selection pressures in an alien habitat select for certain genetic traits favouring species spread. In New Zealand, the semi-aquatic herb Mimulus gutattus, ‘monkey flower’, is already showing signs of becoming invasive and is widespread across the South Island, blocking waterways and ditches. A common garden experiment was used to test for local adaptation in 37 populations of monkey flower from 8 regions across the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Possible adaptations in plant physiology (including, fresh vs dry weight, flower size, and photosynthetic rate) were examined. Observable differences include significant differences in biomass and leaf morphology. Results to date indicate significant genetic differences among New Zealand monkey flower populations. This is indicative of invasive potential.

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N. Clout, Michael, and Alan J. Saunders. "Conservation and ecological restoration in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950091.

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The introduction of alien species to New Zealand's terrestrial ecosystems has caused rapid loss of native biodiversity since human settlement. Faced with this crisis, conservation managers and scientists have responded by developing innovative techniques such as translocation of native animals and the eradication of introduced mammals from islands. We review recent progress with conservation of New Zealand's terrestrial flora and fauna (especially birds) and consider future prospects for ecological restoration of islands and mainland areas. We stress the value of linking species and ecosystem approaches to conservation and we reinforce the importance of maintaining a dynamic partnership between researchers and conservation managers in the development of conservation initiatives.

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Spoonley, Paul. "Introduction: Labor Circulation — The Experience of New Zealand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 19, no. 3 (September 2010): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681001900301.

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Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Sébastien Ollier, Andrew M. Liebhold, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Darren Ward, and Laurent Keller. "Recurrent bridgehead effects accelerate global alien ant spread." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 21 (May 7, 2018): 5486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801990115.

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Biological invasions are a major threat to biological diversity, agriculture, and human health. To predict and prevent new invasions, it is crucial to develop a better understanding of the drivers of the invasion process. The analysis of 4,533 border interception events revealed that at least 51 different alien ant species were intercepted at US ports over a period of 70 years (1914–1984), and 45 alien species were intercepted entering New Zealand over a period of 68 years (1955–2013). Most of the interceptions did not originate from species’ native ranges but instead came from invaded areas. In the United States, 75.7% of the interceptions came from a country where the intercepted ant species had been previously introduced. In New Zealand, this value was even higher, at 87.8%. There was an overrepresentation of interceptions from nearby locations (Latin America for species intercepted in the United States and Oceania for species intercepted in New Zealand). The probability of a species’ successful establishment in both the United States and New Zealand was positively related to the number of interceptions of the species in these countries. Moreover, species that have spread to more continents are also more likely to be intercepted and to make secondary introductions. This creates a positive feedback loop between the introduction and establishment stages of the invasion process, in which initial establishments promote secondary introductions. Overall, these results reveal that secondary introductions act as a critical driver of increasing global rates of invasions.

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Peacock, L., and S. P. Worner. "Biological and ecological traits that assist establishment of alien invasive insects." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6824.

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In this study the biological and ecological traits of two groups of phytophagous insect pests were examined to determine attributes that may influence establishment in New Zealand Biological and ecological attributes of a group of insect species that is established in New Zealand were compared with species that are not currently established It was found that the species established in New Zealand had a significantly wider host plant range than species that have not established The lower developmental threshold temperature was on average 4C lower for established species compared with nonestablished species These data suggest that species that establish well in New Zealand have a wide host range and can tolerate lower temperatures compared with those that have not established

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8

Stefanchuk, L. "New Zealand amidst World Crisis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2010): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-8-102-108.

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Small size, remoteness from the major world economies, scarce natural resources, dependence on the world market conditions, heavy foreign debts formed historically – these are the weaknesses of New Zealand. But its strengths are – productive, highly mechanized agriculture, skilled labor workforce, democratic legislation and order, lack of corruption, good investment opportunities – enable the country to overcome the ramifications of the global financial and economic crisis effectively enough.

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9

Poot, Jacques. "Adaptation of Migrants in the New Zealand Labor Market." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (1993): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546704.

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Poot, Jacques. "Adaptation of Migrants in the New Zealand Labor Market." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700106.

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This article addresses economic aspects of New Zealand immigration during the 1980s. General features are overall net emigration coinciding with high levels of immigration from Asia and Pacific Island countries. Earnings by years in New Zealand profiles for immigrants with selected occupations are steeper for Pacific Island-born males than for other immigrant groups. Although there are few data, there is some evidence that profiles differ between cohorts. Since the level of controlled immigration is likely to be increased and the perceived labor market outcomes are an input in the selection criteria, further research is needed.

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EYLES, A. C., and M. B. MALIPATIL. "Nysius caledoniae Distant, 1920 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Orsillidae) a recent introduction into New Zealand, and keys to the species of Nysius, and genera of Orsillidae, in New Zealand." Zootaxa 2484, no. 1 (May 26, 2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2484.1.4.

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Nysius caledoniae Distant, 1920 is recorded for the first time as an alien introduced species in New Zealand. Collection with young stages indicates that it may already have established itself in Auckland. Characters of the species enabling its identification are presented. The pest-status of N. caledoniae, N. vinitor Bergroth, 1891, and N. huttoni White, 1878, is reviewed. A key to the genera of Orsillidae in New Zealand is provided, along with a revised key to the species of Nysius in that country.

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Evans, A. M., J. McCaw, and W. Beggs. "Could herbicide used to control alien weeds be harming threatened New Zealand spiders?" Journal of Applied Entomology 133, no. 9-10 (December 2009): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01409.x.

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Ward, Darren, and Emma Edney-Browne. "Poles Apart: Comparing Trends of Alien Hymenoptera in New Zealand with Europe (DAISIE)." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2015): e0132264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132264.

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14

Kriticos, D. J., C. B. Phillips, and D. M. Suckling. "Improving border biosecurity potential economic benefits to New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4245.

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The number of alien species becoming established in New Zealand is steadily increasing Assuming no improvements to New Zealands border biosecurity systems it is conservatively estimated that Biosecurity New Zealand will have to deal with more than 542 potential pest incursions and 512 phytophagous species becoming permanently established from 2005 to 2017 These additional established pest organisms will cost the economy about NZ921 million in direct impacts and ongoing control costs Assuming the rate at which unwanted new organisms are intercepted at the border is improved in 1 increments from 2007 leading to a total 10 improvement by 2017 Biosecurity New Zealands total expenditure in responding to new incursions would be reduced by approximately NZ16 million If improved surveillance and eradication reduced the number of new pests that become permanently established over the same period by 155 approximately NZ96 million in direct pest impacts and mitigation measures would be saved

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15

Esler, A. E. "The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 6. Alien plants as weeds." New Zealand Journal of Botany 26, no. 4 (October 1988): 585–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1988.10410663.

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Merelo, Guillermo. "A ritual of integration: Power, elections and cultural reconstruction among Mexican migrants in New Zealand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818766090.

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Drawing on four years of ethnographic research, this article explores the political integrative dynamics of members of the Mexican community in New Zealand. It illustrates how political cultural reconstruction occurs at the center of two opposing political worlds and results in contextual understandings of the role one is expected to play in a new polity. In this context, voting is collectively understood as a ritual through which people express their good character, gratitude and appreciation toward New Zealand. However, in the broadest possible sense, further political involvement is seen as an intrusion in the internal affairs of an alien nation.

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A. E. Atkinson, I. "Recovery of wildlife and restoration of habitats New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 1 (2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020027.

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Although New Zealand's native fauna shares a Gondwana origin with that of Australia, there are major differences between our countries. The near-absence of land mammals and the restricted biodiversity and habitat range of New Zealand, contrast with the species-rich fauna and habitat variety of Australia. Both countries share an unenviable extinction record, particularly birds in New Zealand and mammals in Australia. Introduced mammals, often interacting with habitat destruction, have frequently been responsible for these losses in New Zealand. In some places, entire vertebrate foraging guilds have disappeared. On the mainland, control of introduced mammals has had limited success but a steadily increasing number of islands have been cleared of alien mammals. This has created new opportunities for translocating threatened species of native vertebrates and invertebrates to pest-free islands. It has also created options for substituting an ecologically similar species for one that is extinct, thus potentially achieving a more comprehensive restoration. Recent progress with island restoration has stimulated a "mainland island" strategy involving simultaneous intensive control of several pest mammals within a limited area that is then used to re-establish viable populations of threatened species. Examples are given to illustrate these conservation actions.

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18

O'Hagan, Mary. "The Alien Test: An Outside View of Human Responses to Mental Distress." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2015-008.

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This commentary imagines what responses to mental distress on Planet Earth might look like to a rational, humane alien from a planet where responses to people with mental distress are compassionate and just. The alien visits Canada and New Zealand and concludes that discrimination skews social and service responses and that the narrow, deficits approach to services does not improve outcomes. Despite this, the alien perceives little sense of urgency for change. The alien then describes the recovery-oriented responses on their own planet and makes recommendations for system change on Planet Earth. The alien points out that deep change in a system with finite resources will require removing the “control” elements of services, closing hospitals, and reducing the dominance of biological psychiatry. The alien emphasizes that it is not sufficient just to build the leadership of people with mental distress, provide a broader range of services for diverse cultures and communities, and promote social inclusion if the failed elements of the old system remain.

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19

Razzak, W. A. "New Zealand Labor Market Dynamics: Pre- and Post-global Financial Crisis." Journal of Business Cycle Research 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 49–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41549-016-0001-6.

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Esler, A. E. "The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 5. Success of the alien species." New Zealand Journal of Botany 26, no. 4 (October 1988): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1988.10410662.

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21

Kissling, W. Daniel, Martin Schnittler, Philip J. Seddon, Katharine J. M. Dickinson, and Janice M. Lord. "Invasion ecology of the alien tussock grassNardus stricta(Poaceae) at Lake Pukaki, Canterbury, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Botany 43, no. 3 (January 2005): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2005.9512977.

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22

Wilcox, Sarah J., Neill Barr, Judy Broom, Richard H. Furneaux, and Wendy A. Nelson. "Using gigartinine to track the distribution of an alien species of Gracilaria in New Zealand." Journal of Applied Phycology 19, no. 4 (January 17, 2007): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9138-3.

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Li, Qi. "Primary Exploration on Opportunities for the Formation of New Zealand’s Creative Film & TV Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.334.

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Over the past two decades, New Zealand has seen rapid and sharp rise of film & TV industry, developed competitive edges of film production industry, participated in labor division in the international markets and shaped creative film &TV industry with radiation effects. This paper analyzes the historical opportunities for the rapid rise of film & TV industry in Zealand from the perspectives of changes to the market environment of technology, market, industry labor division, etc.

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C. Young, Euan. "Conservation values, research and New Zealand's responsibilities for the Southern Ocean Islands and Antarctica." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950099.

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New Zealand has direct responsibility for the conservation and protection of five subantarctic island groups (Snares, Bounty, Antipodes, Auckland and Campbell), all of which are protected within National reserves. New Zealand also claims the Ross Dependency in Antarctica sharing conservation responsibility with others within the Antarctic Treaty regime. The subantarctic islands' ecosystems are of interest for their range of species, for their dependence on marine nutrients, for their vulnerability to introduction by alien species, and for illustrating the outcomes of independent evolutionary experiments. Each is characterized by a unique assemblage of plant and animal species, of which the diversity of oceanic birds (especially their albatrosses, petrels and penguins) and of the changes with latitude of their vegetation cover is internationally regarded. They form an interesting contrast to the sparse biota of the Balleny Islands and continental Antarctica. The fauna and flora on these subantarctic islands are now substantially catalogued and the impact of alien species in part understood, but ecological studies have been hampered by isolation and difficult access. Ecological research is needed to ensure that management strategies for each island are well founded on an understanding of their individual ecosystems. By way of contrast, ecological research has flourished in Antarctica with many long-term programmes. This difference is attributed to the way research is promoted and supported in the two regions.

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Read, Geoffrey, Graeme Inglis, Peter Stratford, and Shane Ahyong. "Arrival of the alien fanworm Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in two New Zealand harbours." Aquatic Invasions 6, no. 3 (September 2011): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2011.6.3.04.

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Pipek, Pavel, Tim M. Blackburn, Steven Delean, Phillip Cassey, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, and Petr Pyšek. "Lasting the distance: The survival of alien birds shipped to New Zealand in the 19th century." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 9 (March 7, 2020): 3944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6143.

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27

GORDON, DENNIS P., and MARY SPENCER-JONES. "The amathiiform Ctenostomata (phylum Bryozoa) of New Zealand —including four new species, two of them of probable alien origin." Zootaxa 3647, no. 1 (May 8, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.4.

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Chubb, Rebecca. "A fish out of water: experience of working with the Māori people in New Zealand." BJPsych International 15, no. 4 (April 16, 2018): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.38.

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Experiencing life and work in an alien culture initially just felt unsettling, but it also really challenged how I perceived myself and my abilities as a doctor. Being the outsider in a group has the ability to hold an uncomfortable and scrutinising mirror up to yourself. It also offers a unique opportunity to reconsider the skills, attributes and knowledge needed to be a psychiatrist. As psychiatrists, we intellectually know that culture is integral to a person's well-being and the care we deliver will never be truly holistic until we encompass that. However, it was only when I was the fish out of water that I truly began to appreciate its significance.

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Ozturk, Mustafa, Serdar Durdyev, Osman Nuri Aras, Syuhaida Ismail, and Nerija Banaitienė. "HOW EFFECTIVE ARE LABOR WAGES ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY?: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF NEW ZEALAND." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 26, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.11917.

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This study empirically investigates (for the period of 1983–2017) the relationships between the parameters (labour wage (LW), labour productivity (LP) and unemployment (UNM) rate) of the construction sector in New Zealand. This study employs the Johansen co-integration test to determine if the relationship in the long run does exist among the investigated variables as well as to assess the relationships. The results show that the LW has a positive effect on the LP, while the UNM affects negatively, which indicates that the higher salary, the more productive labour. In other words, increase in salary stimulates the belief of the workforce that they are substantially paid for their work, which ultimately increases their trust and loyalty to the employer; hence, productivity. Moreover, the results show adverse effect of UNM on LP, which indicates that labours may also lose his/her productivity due to fear of losing his/her job. The model stability is verified by Histogram Normality Test, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation, Heteroscedasticity Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey tests. Thus, the forefront of the construction sector is recommended to consider the empirical relationships determined in this study in order to improve the productivity level at various levels.

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Rendoll-Carcamo, Javier Alejandro, Tamara Andrea Contador, Lorena Saavedra, and José Montalva. "First record of the invasive bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Navarino Island, southern Chile (55°S)." Journal of Melittology, no. 71 (July 7, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i71.6520.

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As the volume of global trade expands, so does the risk of alien species reaching new regions. Bombus (Bombus) terrestris (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a bumble bee traded internationally for crop pollination and is now considered an invasive species in New Zealand, Japan, and throughout South America. We newly document its presence on Navarino Island, Cape Horn, Biosphere Reserve, Chile (55°S), the southernmost locality reached by this species to date.

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31

Drotning, John E. "Book Review: Labor-Management Relations: The System of Industrial Relations in New Zealand." ILR Review 44, no. 2 (January 1991): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399104400214.

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Brook Cowen, Penelope J. "Labor relations reform in New Zealand: The employment contracts act and contractual freedom." Journal of Labor Research 14, no. 1 (March 1993): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02685538.

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Vaa, Leulu Felise. "The Future of Western Samoan Migration to New Zealand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100206.

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The history of Samoan migration to New Zealand, a demographic profile of the migrants, and the future of such migration are discussed. Migration became a serious phenomenon after independence in 1962, with primarily young, unskilled workers moving to take up jobs in the agricultural and service sectors. Remaining essentially unchanged since 1962, New Zealand's immigration policy gives preferential treatment to Western Samoans and recognizes their valuable labor contribution. The future of migration to New Zealand is discussed in the context of the costs and benefits to Western Samoa. Contrary to some observers, the author argues that emigration has been beneficial rather than deleterious to Western Samoa's development and predicts the continuation of Samoan migration to New Zealand, Australia, United States and other countries, with increased emphasis on family reunion.

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Barker, G. M., C. Hunter, A. Stephens, D. Rutledge, R. Harris, and M. C. Lariviere. "Biosecure a spatially explicit model for assessing risk association with alien organisms in New Zealand indigenous ecosystems." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3961.

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Esler, A. E. "The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 1. The introduction and spread of alien plants." New Zealand Journal of Botany 25, no. 4 (October 1987): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1987.10410083.

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Redekop, Petra, Elisabeth M. Gross, Andréïna Nuttens, Deborah E. Hofstra, John S. Clayton, and Andreas Hussner. "Hygraula nitens, the only native aquatic caterpillar in New Zealand, prefers feeding on an alien submerged plant." Hydrobiologia 812, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2709-7.

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Thomas, Z. A., C. S. M. Turney, J. G. Palmer, S. Lloydd, J. N. L. Klaricich, and A. Hogg. "Extending the observational record to provide new insights into invasive alien species in a coastal dune environment of New Zealand." Applied Geography 98 (September 2018): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.07.006.

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Winkelmann, Rainer. "The Labor Market Performance of European Immigrants in New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s." International Migration Review 34, no. 1 (March 2000): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400102.

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Ever since New Zealand became a British colony in 1840, it has attracted considerable numbers of European migrants. In the 1996 Population Census, 80 percent of the 3.6 million New Zealand residents claim European ethnic descent. While European immigration always has been, and continues to be, dominated by the UK, some noticeable Dutch immigration took place since 1950. Beginning in the 1960s, the overall share of European migration started a downward trend, with more and more immigrants arriving from the Pacific Islands and Asia.

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Holland, Peter, and Sherry Olson. "Introduced versus native plants in austral forests." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 260–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338901300205.

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Despite the concern of some nineteenth- and early twentieth-century biologists, relatively few alien species have become established in undisturbed forests of Australia, Madagascar or New Zealand. All three countries have large 'naturalized' floras adapted to frequent disturbance. The short-term advantages of these alien plants - short life cycles, fast growth, abundant seed and plasticity of habit - have allowed them to cover large areas of disturbed ground and to coexist with native plants in early successional vegetation. Very few persist in mature forest. The threat to the austral forests is human disturbance, and there is need for research on the native plants which perform the specialized role of repairing canopy after disturbance.

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Ogden, John. "The long-term conservation of forest diversity in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950077.

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The largely endemic flora of New Zealand is a remnant of the Cretaceous flora of Gondwana, supplemented by later additions from Australia and the tropics. Semi-natural plant communities cover about 50% of the country, and a scheme for the protection of supposedly representative areas is in place. Existing reserves do not adequately reflect the patterns of plant species diversity. Many are modified by introduced animals and alien plants. The latter are being actively introduced into New Zealand at the rate of c. 11 species per year. Measures of diversity are discussed and the broad pattern of (gamma) diversity and endemicity in the country is described. A comparison is made between (alpha) diversity levels in Beech Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioidesand Kauri Agathis australisforest. Within each of these two forest types there are similar levels of alpha-diversity over a wide range of latitude. Altitudinal alpha-diversity trends indicate an average loss of 3.4 species per 100 m of altitude. This can be accounted for by the reduction of land surface area with increasing altitude on conical or ridge-shaped mountains. The altitudinal data emphasize the importance of the lowlands in the conservation of bio-diversity. The Holocene history of the forests in New Zealand suggests that the concept of "representativeness" is flawed: forest varies continuously in time and space. It may be possible to create some "living museums" of the past biota of New Zealand, but unless there are radical changes in our ability to eradicate animal pests and introduced plants, the composition of mainland forest reserves in the lowlands will change dramatically over the next few centuries. Conservation effort on saving endangered birds may have been at the expense of long-term "habitat" survival on the mainland.

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Ongley, Patrick, and David Pearson. "Post-1945 International Migration: New Zealand, Australia and Canada Compared." International Migration Review 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 765–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900308.

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New Zealand's immigration policies and trends since 1945 are compared with those of Canada and Australia. For most of this period, Australia has pursued the more expansive immigration policy while Canada and New Zealand have tended to link immigration intakes to fluctuations in labor demand. All three countries initially discriminated against non-European immigrants but gradually moved towards nondiscriminatory policies based on similar selection criteria and means of assessment. New Zealand has traditionally been more cautious than both Canada and Australia in terms of how many immigrants it accepted and from what sources, but it has recently followed the other two in raising immigration targets and encouraging migration from nontraditional sources, particularly Asian countries. Historical, global and national factors are drawn upon to explain the degree of convergence between these three societies.

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42

Hutton, Nicole S., Graham A. Tobin, and Linda M. Whiteford. "Migrant Labor Relations: The Role of Nonprofits Following the Earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand." Papers in Applied Geography 1, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2015.1084358.

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43

Mosyakin, S. L., and P. J. de Lange. "The earliest collection of an elusive alien? Evidence of early introduction of Chenopodium ficifolium (Chenopodiaceae) in New Zealand." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 77, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj77.02.081.

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Beckmann, Michael, Helge Bruelheide, and Alexandra Erfmeier. "Local performance of six clonal alien species differs between native and invasive regions in Germany and New Zealand." Austral Ecology 39, no. 4 (August 29, 2013): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12087.

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RABITSCH, WOLFGANG. "Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)." Zootaxa 1827, no. 1 (July 23, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1827.1.1.

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This paper reviews the alien (non-native, non-indigenous, exotic) true bug (Heteroptera) species in Europe. Forty-two established alien Heteroptera are recognized, of which 12 species are alien to Europe (originating outside Europe: eight from North America, three from the Eastern Palaearctic, one from New Zealand), 24 species are alien within Europe (translocated within Europe), and six cryptogenic species are of unknown origin. Since 1990 an approximate arrival rate of 7 species per decade has been observed. A recent trend of increased introductions from North America to Europe is suggested. The most important pathway of alien Heteroptera is translocation as contaminants (49 %), usually with ornamental plants, followed by unintentional introduction through natural dispersal (unaided) across political borders within Europe (28 %), and translocation as stowaways within a transport vector (21 %). The taxonomic composition of the alien Heteroptera of Europe is dominated by Miridae (17 species, 40 %), Tingidae (8 species, 19 %), and Anthocoridae (5 species, 12 %), all of which are overrepresented compared to the native European Heteroptera fauna. More than half of the species are phytophagous (24 species, 57 %) and the advantage of trophic specialization in invasion success is discussed. Most species are currently known to occur in the Czech Republic (19 species) and Germany (17 species), followed by Western European countries (Belgium 15 sp., France and United Kingdom 14 sp. each, and Netherlands 13 sp.), resulting in an apparent (north)west–(south)east gradient probably reflecting horticultural tradition in Europe. No unambiguousevidence exists so far for negative ecological or economical impacts, but more research is needed to investigate possible effects. Introductions of alien Heteroptera to and within Europe will increase, and deserve further consideration.

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Opara, Oksana. "Trends and patterns of post-communist migration from Russia to New Zealand since the 1990s." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 26, no. 4 (December 2017): 480–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196817747103.

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This article examines the Russian diaspora in New Zealand over the last 30 years. Using migration statistics and census data, post-communist migration trends and socio-economic outcomes of immigration from Russia to New Zealand are analyzed, to establish an empirical base for further qualitative and comparative investigation of the settlement experiences of Russian immigrants in New Zealand. Results reveal that the Russian diaspora has been growing, demonstrating spatial clustering in urban centers with the highest concentration in Auckland. While Russian immigrants have a high level of educational qualifications, their labor market outcomes have been weak and their income is lagging behind that of the New Zealand-born population and of migrants born in other countries. An over-representation of working-age female migrants is a distinctive feature of the Russian diaspora. Further research on the changing migration pathways and settlement strategies of the Russian immigrants in New Zealand is suggested.

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Boyd-Wilson, Kirsty S. H., M. Virginia Marroni, Mark R. McNeill, and David A. J. Teulon. "New Zealand indigenous Myrtaceae in foreign botanic gardens: testing the sentinel plant concept for biosecurity risk assessment." New Zealand Plant Protection 74, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11728.

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The use of sentinel or expatriate plants is a growing concept for risk assessment in plant biosecurity. This approach involves ascertaining the presence and impact of pests and pathogens on plants foreign to a given location but planted in international botanic gardens or arboreta. The data obtained provide information on the potential pest status of these pests and pathogens, as invasive alien species (IAS), to plant species in their native or indigenous range. Assessment of the biosecurity threat from IAS for indigenous plants not found within the geographic distribution of these pests and pathogens is challenging, however, as they may be relatively taxonomically distinct from plants found in the distribution of the IAS and can be in different climates and environments. We examine the sentinel/expatriate concept in relation to risk assessment for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on New Zealand Myrtaceae on these plants found in botanic gardens and arboreta outside New Zealand. Between September 2017 and September 2018, we identified and then contacted 65 botanic gardens or arboreta that putatively had New Zealand Myrtaceae and were within the known distribution of myrtle rust. We asked for information on the presence of New Zealand Myrtaceae species in their collections and whether these plants were infected by myrtle rust. Sixteen gardens/arboreta responded; most were in Australia or the United States. Only one of these gardens provided information that was useful for biosecurity risk assessment for myrtle rust on New Zealand Myrtaceae. The results are discussed in the context of plant biosecurity risk assessment and the broader sentinel/expatriate plant concept.

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Lindoy, L. F. "Retirement of Dr John Zdysiewicz - An Appreciation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 12 (2000): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch01e1.

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After 25 years with the Australian Journal of Chemistry, our editor, Dr Jan R. Zdysiewicz (known far and wide as John Z.), has recently retired. During his initial ten year period with the journal, John served as assistant editor under Bob Schoenfeld who, like John, was also very widely known throughout the Australian and New Zealand chemistry community. In 1985, John took up the editorship and under his editorial management the journal has continued to prosper. John has been an exceptionally talented editor who, despite increasing pressures over more recent times, has managed to maintain the journal’s very high editorial standard – a task aided by his wide understanding of chemistry and his truly exceptional knowledge of English usage. John had an eventful early life – details of which may be of interest to his many friends and acquaintances. He was born in Laukischken in East Prussia to parents from Mosty in eastern Poland. His parents had been taken to Germany during World War II for forced labour. After the war, the family was transferred, endlessly it seemed, from DP (displaced persons) camp to DP camp in Germany, until final acceptance for migration to Australia. After a long sea voyage on the Skaugum, the family arrived at Port Melbourne in December 1950. Then followed being shuffled between widely spread immigration holding centres in South-East Australia, finally ending up in Adelaide, where the family settled. After some difficulty in gaining enrolment, John attended Adelaide Boys High School. In 1962 at age 19, he lost his alien status and became an Australian citizen. Even during this early period, John Z. made a name for himself. He became somewhat of a celebrity for his virtuosity in playing the accordion. In 1961, he became Grand Australian Accordion Champion. On occasions, he still plays for friends and private audiences. John Z. obtained his tertiary education at the University of Adelaide. His Ph.D. research in the Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry was concerned with physical chemical studies on naturally occurring and synthetic polymers. He then held Post Doctoral appointments in England at the University of Lancaster (preparation and e.s.r. characterisation of radical anions), Australia at the Division of Protein Chemistry, CSIRO, Parkville (on the interactions of fluorescent compounds with protein components by photophysical techniques) and Canada at the University of Western Ontario (construction of a microsecond flash photolysis apparatus in connection with photochemical reactions involving radical ions). In 1975 he returned to Australia as the assistant editor of Aust. J. Chem. John Z. has served as the national representative on IUPAC’s Commission III.2 (on Physical Organic Chemistry) and is currently an associate member of this commission. In 1998, the Royal Australian Chemical Institute awarded him a citation for his contributions to the promotion of Australian chemistry nationally and internationally, principally through his role as editor of the journal. Finally, John is of a distinctly independent nature – perhaps a reflection of his Polish antecedents? While his management style might be said to be unique, it has always been characterised by an overriding commitment to quality. Clearly, John Zdysiewicz ranks as an exceptional individual. On behalf of my fellow advisory committee members and, indeed, also for the wider chemistry community, I thank John for a job exceedingly well done. We wish him well in his retirement.

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Kable, J. "Thoughts on Aboriginal Literature." Aboriginal Child at School 13, no. 1 (March 1985): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200013614.

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Back in early 1982, a mate in New Zealand wrote to me describing, in a very excited manner, his research into cultural aspects of Maori people, especially with respect to the poetry relating to funeral rites. Concurrently, I was completing the Multicultural Education Diploma, and fostering an infant interest in aspects of Australian literature dealing with the immigrant experience and cultural difference (viz. Judah Waten’s Alien Son, and Nancy Keesing’s Shalom). Whilst I had not at that stage successfully made the link between such literature and its effective use in the educational process of students of non-English speaking background, I remember thinking that perhaps I should soon pursue a course which would lead me to an understanding of Aboriginal Australians, in some way similar to Terry’s pursuit in New Zealand.

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Willis, KJ, CMC Woods, and GV Ashton. "Caprella mutica in the Southern Hemisphere: Atlantic origins distribution, and reproduction of an alien marine amphipod in New Zealand." Aquatic Biology 7 (November 19, 2009): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00197.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New Zealand Alien labor'

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