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Journal articles on the topic 'New Zealand English'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Bauer, Laurie, Paul Warren, Dianne Bardsley, Marianna Kennedy, and George Major. "New Zealand English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37, no. 01 (April 2007): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100306002830.

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2

Kuiper, Koenraad. "Studying New Zealand English." English Today 19, no. 3 (July 2003): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078403003067.

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NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH is one of the most closely studied national varieties of English outside of the USA and UK, and a source of significance for the dialect differentiation and historical evolution of English. Most of the work has been done in the relatively short period of about 15 years compared with the longer time frame of studies in British and American English. One reason for this is that New Zealand English has, from its beginning, benefited from significant co-operative and collaborative activity among New Zealand linguists.

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3

Wagner, Susanne. "New Zealand English (review)." Language 78, no. 2 (2002): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0141.

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4

Ross, Brooke, Elaine Ballard, and Catherine Watson. "New Zealand English in Auckland." Variation in the Pacific 7, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.19014.ros.

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Abstract This study acoustically analyses the vowel space of adult New Zealand English speakers from a predominantly Pasifika suburb in Auckland (Papatoetoe). These speakers (n = 13) are compared to two equivalent groups from non-Pasifika Auckland suburbs, Mount Roskill (n = 14) and Titirangi (n = 6). All participants are New Zealand English speakers aged 16–25. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. For the acoustic analysis vowels with sentence stress were identified and extracted and formant values were calculated at the vowel target. This study looks at over 8000 monophthongs and 4000 diphthongs. The study found minimal differences between speakers from different suburbs, but all groups had notable differences from the traditional New Zealand English (NZE) vowel space. These differences align with previous comments regarding the vowels of Pasifika New Zealand English. The paper concludes by contemplating what these results say about Pasifika New Zealand English and New Zealand English in Auckland.

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5

Starks, Donna, Jane Christie, and Laura Thompson. "Niuean English." English World-Wide 28, no. 2 (May 11, 2007): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.28.2.02sta.

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This paper provides an initial analysis into the phonetic and phonological features of Niuean English as spoken in the New Zealand Niuean community. The paper highlights similarities and differences between New Zealand English and Niuean English, points to subtle differences due to potential substratal influences, and considers the effects of recent changes in New Zealand English on the English of Niuean speakers in New Zealand.

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6

Holmes, Janet. "Apologies in New Zealand English." Language in Society 19, no. 2 (June 1990): 155–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500014366.

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ABSTRACTThe function of apologies is discussed within the context of a model of interaction with two intersecting dimensions – affective and referential meaning. Apologies are defined as primarily social acts conveying affective meaning. The syntactic, semantic, and sociolinguistic features of apologies are described, based on a corpus of 183 apologies. While apology exchanges divided equally between those which used a combination of strategies and those where a single strategy sufficed, almost all apology exchanges involved an explicit apology. An account is provided of the kinds of social relationships and the range of offenses which elicited apologies in this New Zealand corpus.Apologies are politeness strategies, and an attempt is made to relate the relative “weightiness” of the offense (assessed using the factors identified as significant in Brown and Levinson's model of politeness) to features of the apology strategies used to remedy it. Though some support is provided for Brown and Levinson's model, it is suggested that Wolf-son's “bulge” theory more adequately accounts for a number of patterns in the data. In particular, the functions of apologies between friends may be more complex than a simple linear model suggests. (Apologies, politeness, speech functions, New Zealand English, sociolinguistics, pragmatics)

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7

McLay, Geoff. "Toward a History of New Zealand Legal Education." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 30, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v30i2.5987.

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This article briefly discusses the history of New Zealand Legal Education, with a focus on Victoria University of Wellington. The first part of this paper introduces the American and English models of legal education, discussing the different tensions and contexts of each jurisdiction. The second part of the paper introduces the history of legal education in New Zealand. The author discusses New Zealand's departure from the English model (where a degree was not necessary to practise), academics' tradition of writing textbooks in New Zealand, and the influence of the American legal education system. The third part of the paper discusses the impact of Professor John Salmond and Sir Robert Stout at Victoria University of Wellington.

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8

Gordon, Elizabeth. "The Origins of New Zealand Speech." English World-Wide 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.1.05gor.

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New Zealand English has evolved in the past 150 years, at a time when it is possible to find both written and spoken evidence of its development. This paper takes evidence gained from an analysis of written comments on early New Zealand English and compares this with data taken from an analysis of spoken New Zealand English obtained from recordings collected in the 1940s of old New Zealanders born in the 1850s-1890s — the period when the New Zealand accent was developing. By putting the written data beside the spoken data it is now possible to assess the accuracy of written records as a basis for the reconstruction of the earliest form of New Zealand English.

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9

DEGANI, MARTA, and ALEXANDER ONYSKO. "Hybrid compounding in New Zealand English." World Englishes 29, no. 2 (June 2010): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2010.01639.x.

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10

Gibson, Andy, and Allan Bell. "Performing Pasifika English in New Zealand." English World-Wide 31, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.3.01gib.

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bro’Town is a popular animated comedy whose language is that of stylized performance. It deals with the adventures of a group of five teenage Pasifika boys growing up in Auckland, New Zealand, and showcases performances of the Englishes spoken by Polynesian immigrants and their descendants. A range of varieties are performed on the show by a handful of actors. We analyzed several linguistic variables in the speech of three of the main characters — the 14-year-old twins Vale and Valea, and their father Pepelo. Pepelo produces high levels of the vernacular features of DH-stopping and TH-fronting, consistent with his biography as a second-language speaker whose pronunciation is influenced by his native language, Samoan. His sons, as second-generation speakers, have these features too but at lower frequencies. The twins also differ from each other, with the streetwise Valea, who is more aligned with Pasifika youth culture, producing higher levels of the variables than the studious Vale. Pepelo produces unaspirated initial /p/s, again a Pasifika language feature, while his sons do not. Linking-/r/, however, appears to index a youth identity but not adult immigrant status. We conclude that performed varieties can reflect the linguistic production of a community in their selection of specific features. The quantitative patterns can be quite variable, but here succeed in indexing salient identities for their audiences.

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11

Hundt, Marianne, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. "Animacy in early New Zealand English." English World-Wide 33, no. 3 (October 29, 2012): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.33.3.01hun.

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The literature suggests that animacy effects in present-day spoken New Zealand English (NZE) differ from animacy effects in other varieties of English. We seek to determine if such differences have a history in earlier NZE writing or not. We revisit two grammatical phenomena — progressives and genitives — that are well known to be sensitive to animacy effects, and we study these phenomena in corpora sampling 19th- and early 20th-century written NZE; for reference purposes, we also study parallel samples of 19th- and early 20th-century British English and American English. We indeed find significant regional differences between early New Zealand writing and the other varieties in terms of the effect that animacy has on the frequency and probabilities of grammatical phenomena.

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12

Warren, Paul. "Origins and development of New Zealand English." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 1 (January 1, 2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.12.

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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">T<span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">his paper provides an overview of the chief characteristics of a relatively new </span></span>variety of English, New Zealand English. After a brief historical sketch of the development of English in New Zealand, the paper highlights some of the grammatical patterns of the variety, before looking in more detail at the lexical features and characteristic pronunciations that make it a distinct variety. One of the significant infl uences on the development of New Zealand English has been contact with the Maori language and with Maori cultural traditions. This is refl ected in the presence of a large number of Maori words in common use in New Zealand English, as well as in the development of Maori English as an ethnic variety in New Zealand. Finally, the paper considers other sources of variation within New Zealand English, including early signs of regional diff erentiation as well as age- and gender-linked variation that have emerged in the patterns of change in progress that typify this new variety.</p>

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13

Holmes, Janet. "Setting New Standards." English World-Wide 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.18.1.06hol.

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Social dialect data demonstrates that women tend to lead linguistic change in New Zealand English over a range of linguistic variables. This paper describes some current sound changes in New Zealand English, discusses their potential sources, and suggests possible mechanisms by which they percolate through the system. Women's role in language change is a controversial area. The final section examines a range of explanations which have been proposed to account for the patterns identified by researchers and assesses their relevance to the New Zealand data.

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14

Holmes, Janet. "T-time in New Zealand." English Today 13, no. 3 (July 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400009780.

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15

Holmes, Janet. "Maori and Pakeha English: Some New Zealand social dialect data." Language in Society 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019412.

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ABSTRACTAspects of the extent and nature of the influence of the Maori language on English in New Zealand are explored here within a broad sociolinguistic framework. The current sociolinguistic distribution of Maori and English in New Zealand society is described, and typical users and uses of the variety known as Maori English are identified. Characteristics of Maori English are outlined as background to a detailed examination of the distribution of three phonological features among speakers of Pakeha (European) and Maori background. These features appear to reflect the influence of the Maori language, and could be considered substratum features in a variety serving to signal Maori identity or positive attitudes toward Maori values. Moreover, Maori English may be a source of innovation in the New Zealand English (NZE) of Pakehas, providing features which contribute to the distinctiveness of NZE compared with other international varieties. (Social dialectology, ethnic identity, Maori English, New Zealand English, language change)

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16

GRANT, LYNN E. "Culturally motivated lexis in New Zealand English." World Englishes 31, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2012.01738.x.

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17

Bauer, Laurie. "The Verb HAVE in New Zealand English." English World-Wide 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.10.1.05bau.

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18

Woods, Nicola J. "Archaism and innovation in New Zealand English." English World-Wide 21, no. 1 (June 26, 2000): 109–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.21.1.06woo.

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Colonial Englishes have been observed to contain both archaic and innovative linguistic features, and are thus seen to display evidence of both language preservation and change. This paper examines the use of certain phonological features of New Zealand English (NZE) and discusses their status as relics or innovations. Examination is made of the diphthong which occurs in the mouth lexical set and the front short vowels trap, dress and kit. Trends in usage are studied using real time analysis of speakers recorded in the 1940s and their present day descendants recorded in 1993/94. In this way, the development of NZE is charted by means of the analysis of different generations of the same New Zealand families.

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19

Deverson, Tony. "New Zealand English lexis: the Maori dimension." English Today 7, no. 2 (April 1991): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400005496.

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20

Britain, David, and John Newman. "High Rising Terminals in New Zealand English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22, no. 1-2 (June 1992): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004540.

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The use of High Rising Terminal intonation contours (HRTs) in statements is a particularly salient and often stigmatized feature of a number of varieties of English. In recent years a number of linguists have investigated the feature from pragmatic (ching 1982, Meyerhoff 1991) and sociolinguistic (Guy, Horvath, Vonwiller, Diasley and Rogers 1986, Allen 1990, Britain 1992) perspectives and its use has also stimulated long running debates in the press (New York Times, Fall 1991; Sydney Morning Herald, June 1992) about its origins, functions and appropriateness. In this paper, we combine a brief discussion of its use and dunction with a F0-plot analysis of a number of HRT contours from recordings made in Wellington, New Zealand in 1989.

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21

Vine, Bernardette. "Americanisms in the New Zealand English Lexicon." World Englishes 18, no. 1 (March 1999): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-971x.00118.

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22

Bayard, Donn. "New Zealand English: Origins, Relationships, and Prospects." Moderna Språk 94, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v94i1.9625.

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23

Samu, Lina-Jodi Vaine, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Lanuola Asiasiga, and Tim McCreanor. "“We are not privileged enough to have that foundation of language”: Pasifika young adults share their deep concerns about the decline of their ancestral/heritage languages in Aotearoa New Zealand." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 2 (June 2019): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180119835228.

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Focus group interviews conducted with Aotearoa New Zealand–born Pasifika young adults aged 18–25 years highlighted their intense apprehension about the diminishing abilities of New Zealand–born Pasifika people to speak their ancestral/heritage Pasifika languages in Aotearoa. Some Pasifika languages are also declining at their homeland wellsprings. There has been no comprehensive strategic national language policy developed in New Zealand where Pasifika heritage and other community languages can flourish. New Zealand appears to default to a monocultural given where English prevails without critique. Minority languages are battling it out with each other for legitimacy of existence. Resulting from New Zealand’s failure to create a comprehensive languages strategy for all, younger generations of Pasifika neither have fluency in their ancestral languages which impact negatively on their identity security and their ability to attain critical fluency in English to thrive as their migrant parents and grandparents envisioned they would in Aotearoa New Zealand.

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24

Hui, C. T. Justine, Hinako Masuda, Yusuke Hioka, and Catherine I. Watson. "Word identification of New Zealand English by native Japanese listeners with and without exposure to New Zealand English." Acoustical Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.44.29.

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25

REESE, ELAINE, PETER KEEGAN, STUART MCNAUGHTON, TE KANI KINGI, POLLY ATATOA CARR, JOHANNA SCHMIDT, JATENDER MOHAL, CAMERON GRANT, and SUSAN MORTON. "Te Reo Māori: indigenous language acquisition in the context of New Zealand English." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 340–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000241.

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AbstractThis study assessed the status of te reo Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand, in the context of New Zealand English. From a broadly representative sample of 6327 two-year-olds (Growing Up in New Zealand), 6090 mothers (96%) reported their children understood English, and 763 mothers (12%) reported their children understood Māori. Parents completed the new MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory short forms for te reo Māori (NZM: CDI sf) and New Zealand English (NZE: CDI sf). Mothers with higher education levels had children with larger vocabularies in both te reo Māori and NZ English. For English speakers, vocabulary advantages also existed for girls, first-borns, monolinguals, those living in areas of lower deprivation, and those whose mothers had no concerns about their speech and language. Because more than 99% of Māori speakers were bilingual, te reo Māori acquisition appears to be occurring in the context of the acquisition of New Zealand English.

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26

Ward, Felicia. "What is English? Understanding how subject English is framed in The New Zealand Curriculum." Curriculum Matters 17 (December 21, 2021): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/cm.0052.

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Since its emergence as a distinct subject area in the nineteenth century, English has been an important, but contested, subject. Competing discourses, resulting in different models of English, have vied for prominence, each with ideologies about the purposes of education and the needs of students and the state. However, while international research into subject English is plentiful, little has been written about the current state of subject English in New Zealand. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis this article examines senior subject English in the New Zealand Curriculum. The results reveal that while subject English in New Zealand retains progressive features, it has been colonised by neoliberal educational discourses. This article argues that the results of these discourses include the commodification of learning, the entrenching of inequalities, and the reframing of teachers as mere technicians. While senior subject English in the New Zealand Curriculum is examined here, the results have implications across the curriculum, particularly in light of the NCEA review which began in 2018 and will result in changes from 2024.

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27

Lopez Severiche, Alfredo. "Aceptación, adaptación y adopción: La clave para que los refugiados colombianos en Nueva Zelanda superen las barreras de la pertenencia." Pensamiento Americano 15, no. 29 (May 1, 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/penamer.15.29.454.

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Introduction: This article examines the barriers of integration that Colombian refugees confront in New Zealand, including culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. It argues for a three-pronged framework of acceptance, adaptation and adoption in facilitating integration. Thirteen Colombian refugees resettled from Ecuador took part in this research, who came to New Zealand between 2007 and 2014. Objective: This research seeks to explore the barriers that impact the integration of Colombian refugees in New Zealand. Also, to fill this gap in the literature by providing new knowledge on the subject already described. Methodology: The qualitative methodological approach of this study is an ethnographic collection of oral stories. Oral history interviews, a focus group and personal diaries were used as data collection methods. Results: The findings of this study show that Colombian refugees face challenges that put at risk their integration into New Zealand’s society, the main challenges faced by them are culture shock, lack of English, unemployment, discrimination, relationship with others and issues of identity. Conclusion: Despite the challenges already mentioned, the development of qualities such as acceptance, adaptation and adoption has contributed to overcoming these barriers and achieving their integration in New Zealand.

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28

CALUDE, ANDREEA. "The use of heaps as quantifier and intensifier in New Zealand English." English Language and Linguistics 23, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 531–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000521.

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This article documents novel uses of the noun heaps in New Zealand English, namely as quantifier and intensifier, by means of quantitative and qualitative analyses of corpus data. Closely following in the footsteps of lots, heaps is the second most frequent size noun in New Zealand English. On the basis of exhaustive coding of four corpora of New Zealand English (spoken and written), the article describes and exemplifies the various uses of heaps in this English variety. Results show heaps is preferred in speech compared to writing, and that its most common use is as a quantifier, followed by an extension to an intensifying use, which has received comparatively less attention in the literature (and never specifically in the context of New Zealand English). An examination of early New Zealand English in the ONZE Corpus testifies to this incoming change, with heaps grammaticalizing into an adverb and bearing the semantic role of intensifier. Multivariate statistical tests show that innovative uses of heaps are largely driven by younger speakers.

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29

Babel, Molly. "Dialect divergence and convergence in New Zealand English." Language in Society 39, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000400.

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AbstractRecent research has been concerned with whether speech accommodation is an automatic process or determined by social factors (e.g. Trudgill 2008). This paper investigates phonetic accommodation in New Zealand English when speakers of NZE are responding to an Australian talker in a speech production task. NZ participants were randomly assigned to either a Positive or Negative group, where they were either flattered or insulted by the Australian. Overall, the NZE speakers accommodated to the speech of the AuE speaker. The flattery/insult manipulation did not influence degree of accommodation, but accommodation was predicted by participants' scores on an Implicit Association Task that measured Australia and New Zealand biases. Participants who scored with a pro-Australia bias were more likely to accommodate to the speech of the AuE speaker. Social biases about how a participant feels about a speaker predicted the extent of accommodation. These biases are, crucially, simultaneously automatic and social. (Speech accommodation, phonetic convergence, New Zealand English, dialect contact)*

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30

Watson, Catherine I., Margaret A. Maclagan, Jeanette King, Ray Harlow, and Peter J. Keegan. "Sound change in Māori and the influence of New Zealand English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000025.

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This article investigates sound change in the vowels of Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. It examines the relationship between sound changes in Māori and in New Zealand English, the more dominant language, with which Māori has been in close contact for nearly 200 years. We report on the analysis of three adult speaker groups whose birth dates span 100 years. All speakers were bilingual in Māori and New Zealand English. In total the speech of 31 men and 31 women was investigated. Analysis was done on the first and second formant values, extracted from the vowel targets. There has been considerable movement in the Māori vowel space. We find that the sound change in the Māori monophthongs can be directly attributed to the impact of New Zealand English, however the situation for the diphthongs is not so clear cut. There is some evidence that both New Zealand English monophthongs and diphthongs are impacting on the Māori diphthongs, but so too are the Māori monophthongs. We conclude that although New Zealand English has had a strong influence on Māori, there is very strong evidence that new generations of speakers of Māori are acquiring a phonemic system with its own internal parameters and consistencies.

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31

Macalister, John. "The Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, 1850–2000." English World-Wide 27, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.1.02mac.

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The presence of words of Maori origin in contemporary New Zealand English is regularly commented upon both by linguists and in the popular press. Such commentary is, however, generally based on intuition and observation rather than empirical analysis. This paper begins with a review of published comment from the late nineteenth century to the present on the Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, and then introduces a corpus-based study of that presence from 1850 to 2000. The corpus produced was the largest yet assembled for the study of New Zealand English. Findings confirmed diachronic changes in the number of Maori word tokens and types used, in the nature of Maori words used, and claims that Maori loanwords have entered New Zealand English in two distinct waves. Reasons for these changes include demographic shifts, revitalisation of the Maori language, political and social changes, and changes in attitudes among English-speakers.

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32

Robb, Michael P., and Gail T. Gillon. "Speech rates of New Zealand English- and American English-speaking children." Advances in Speech Language Pathology 9, no. 2 (January 2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14417040601013695.

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33

Buraya, E. A. "New Zealand English Accent in Synchrony and Diachrony." Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Гуманитарные науки, no. 1 (2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52070/2542-2197_2021_1_843_34.

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34

SHIBATA, CHIKAKO. "CHAIN SHIFTS AND MERGER IN NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 23, no. 1 (2006): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.23.27.

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35

Maclagan, Margaret A., and Elizabeth Gordon. "The NEAR/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English." Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 5, no. 3 (January 2000): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136132800805576951.

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36

Campbell, N. "How New Zealand Consumers Respond to Plain English." Journal of Business Communication 36, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002194369903600402.

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37

Schweinberger, Martin. "The Discourse Particle eh in New Zealand English." Australian Journal of Linguistics 38, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 395–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2018.1470458.

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38

Bauer, Laurie. "Notes on New Zealand English Phonetics and Phonology." English World-Wide 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.7.2.04bau.

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39

Maurici, James. "Judicial Review in New Zealand: An English Perspective." Judicial Review 4, no. 3 (September 1999): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.1999.11427077.

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40

Seran, Justine. "Far from “home”: the English in New Zealand." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 51, no. 2 (June 4, 2014): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2014.921008.

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41

Walker, John. "Service climate in New Zealand English language centres." Journal of Educational Administration 45, no. 3 (May 15, 2007): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578230710747839.

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42

Heyne, Matthias, Xuan Wang, Donald Derrick, Kieran Dorreen, and Kevin Watson. "The articulation of /ɹ/ in New Zealand English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 366–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000324.

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This paper investigates the articulation of approximant /ɹ/ in New Zealand English (NZE), and tests whether the patterns documented for rhotic varieties of English hold in a non-rhotic dialect. Midsagittal ultrasound data for 62 speakers producing 13 tokens of /ɹ/ in various phonetic environments were categorized according to the taxonomy by Delattre & Freeman (1968), and semi-automatically traced and quantified using the AAA software (Articulate Instruments Ltd. 2012) and a Modified Curvature Index (MCI; Dawson, Tiede & Whalen 2016). Twenty-five NZE speakers produced tip-down /ɹ/ exclusively, 12 tip-up /ɹ/ exclusively, and 25 produced both, partially depending on context. Those speakers who produced both variants used the most tip-down /ɹ/ in front vowel contexts, the most tip-up /ɹ/ in back vowel contexts, and varying rates in low central vowel contexts. The NZE speakers produced tip-up /ɹ/ most often in word-initial position, followed by intervocalic, then coronal, and least often in velar contexts. The results indicate that the allophonic variation patterns of /ɹ/ in NZE are similar to those of American English (Mielke, Baker & Archangeli 2010, 2016). We show that MCI values can be used to facilitate /ɹ/ gesture classification; linear mixed-effects models fit on the MCI values of manually categorized tongue contours show significant differences between all but two of Delattre & Freeman's (1968) tongue types. Overall, the results support theories of modular speech motor control with articulation strategies evolving from local rather than global optimization processes, and a mechanical model of rhotic variation (see Stavness et al. 2012).

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43

Holmes, Janet. "Sex-Marking Suffixes in Written New Zealand English." American Speech 68, no. 4 (1993): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455772.

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Heyne, Matthias, Xuan Wang, Kieran Dorreen, Donald Derrick, and Kevin Watson. "The articulation of /ɹ/ in New Zealand English." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970185.

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45

Williams, David V. "The Pre-History of the English Laws Act 1858: Mcliver v Macky (1856)." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 3 (November 6, 2010): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i3.5225.

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The English Laws Act 1858 declared the reception date for the arrival of English law and statutes of general application in New Zealand to be 14 January 1840. This Act was passed because the New Zealand Supreme Court had decided the Wills Act 1837 (UK) did not apply in New Zealand. New Zealand was annexed to the British Empire as a dependency of New South Wales with a reception date in 1825 or 1828. The Supreme Court case that so decided was McLiver v Macky (1856). The New Zealand Law Foundation's 'Lost Cases Project' ascertained that this judgment was fully reported in an Auckland newspaper – The Southern Cross. This article examines the facts of the case and the reasoning of Acting Chief Justice Stephen as to the basis for British sovereignty in New Zealand and the application of English law to British subjects here.

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Wohlfart, Irmengard. "Cultural mediation in New Zealand postcolonial translation." Lebende Sprachen 63, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0015.

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Abstract This paper examines cultural mediation in three different cases of postcolonial translation: 1) the translation of the Treaty of Waitangi from English into Māori; 2) Patricia Grace’s English-Māori writing ‘Potiki’, which issues challenges to postcolonial and neocolonial practices and philosophies; and 3) the German translation of ‘Potiki’. The specific purpose of the translations was political or commercial and these purposes were achieved. Yet, cultural mediation to successfully bridge the respective cultural interstices was not desired in the translations of the former texts and not completely accomplished in the German text.

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Rubinstein, William D. "The New Zealand Jewish Community." Journal of Jewish Studies 52, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2344/jjs-2001.

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48

Bonness, Dania Jovanna. "The Northern Subject Rule in the Irish diaspora." English World-Wide 38, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.38.2.01bon.

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Abstract This article examines the Northern Subject Rule in the Irish diaspora, studying letters from two generations of an Ulster emigrant family in 19th-century New Zealand. The study shows that the concord pattern frequently used by the parent generation almost completely disappeared in the language of their New Zealand-born children. The results suggest that the children skipped the stage of “extreme variability” that is claimed to be characteristic of the language of the first colony-born immigrants in the new-dialect formation framework (Trudgill 2004). This study aims to contribute to work on early New Zealand English grammar (e.g. Hundt 2012, 2015a, 2015b; Hundt and Szmrecsanyi 2012) and it adds new insights into the formation of New Zealand English. It, furthermore, contributes to research on dialect contact between Irish English and other colonial varieties of English as well as new-dialect formation.

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Jiancheng, Zheng. "Chinese New Zealanders in Aotearoa: Media consumption and political engagement." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 28, no. 1 & 2 (July 31, 2022): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v28i1and2.1220.

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This article outlines work in progress on project concerning interactions between the Chinese community in New Zealand, ethnic Chinese media, mainstream English language media, particularly around the New Zealand 2020 general election. A wealth of past research has discussed ethnic Chinese language media in New Zealand, the Chinese diaspora, and general elections. This study will go beyond previous research to include mainstream English language media as part of the media resources available to Chinese New Zealanders considering participating as voters in general elections. For Chinese New Zealanders, understanding the diversity of media in New Zealand is likely to have a positive effect on their voting decisions, and encourage more thinking about government policies.

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Bauer, Laurie. "On the Origins of the New Zealand English Accent." English World-Wide 20, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.20.2.05bau.

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In this paper it is argued that the New Zealand English accent is a mixed accent in origin, showing input from many areas in England south of a line from Cheshire to the Wash. It is argued that attributing the accent to more specific areas in England is possible only if some of the phonetic evidence is ignored. Accordingly, the notion of swamping (Lass 1990) is not specifically required to explain most of the features of the New Zealand accent: such south-eastern focus as there may be is largely the result of the failure of specifically south-eastern features to become stigmatised.

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