Academic literature on the topic 'New Zealand. Entomology'
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Journal articles on the topic "New Zealand. Entomology"
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Lester, P. J., S. D. J. Brown, E. D. Edwards, G. I. Holwell, S. M. Pawson, D. F. Ward, and C. H. Watts. "Critical issues facing New Zealand entomology." New Zealand Entomologist 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.861789.
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Stephenson, Wm. "XLII. Remarks on the Entomology of New Zealand." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 4, no. 4 (April 24, 2009): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1847.tb01366.x.
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Pilgrim, R. L. C. "A role for the amateur in New Zealand entomology." New Zealand Entomologist 13, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1990.9722581.
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Hoare, Robert J. B. "In memoriam: John S. Dugdale (5 Apr 1934–4 Sep 2020)." Nota Lepidopterologica 45 (July 27, 2022): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.89540.
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John Dugdale, who died on 4th September 2020 aged 86, was a towering figure in New Zealand entomology for the last 60 years. He was a well-known and very frequently consulted expert on Lepidoptera, tachinid flies and cicadas, but his interests and knowledge extended far beyond these groups. He will always hold a unique place in the entomological history of this country and he also made significant contributions on the world stage; the breadth and depth of his expertise and the advances he made in our understanding of the New Zealand Lepidoptera fauna are unlikely to be equalled by any one person in future.
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Marris, John, and Cor Vink. "Unexpected Faults: Managing Entomology Collections through the 2010/11 Canterbury Earthquakes." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (July 4, 2018): e27268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.27268.
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On 4 September 2010, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck near Darfield, 40 kilometres west of Christchurch, New Zealand. The quake caused significant damage to land and buildings nearby, with damage extending to Christchurch city. On 22 February 2011, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch, causing extensive and significant damage across the city and with the loss of 185 lives. Years on from these events, occasional large aftershocks continue to shake the region. Two main entomological collections were situated within close proximity to the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquakes. The Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection, which is housed on the 5th floor of a 7 storey building, was 27.5 km from the 2010 Darfield earthquake epicentre. The Canterbury Museum Entomology Collection, which is housed in the basement of a multi-storeyed heritage building, was 10 km from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake epicentre. We discuss the impacts of the earthquakes on these collections, the causes of the damage to the specimens and facilities, and subsequent efforts that were made to prevent further damage in the event of future seismic events. We also discuss the wider need for preparedness against the risks posed by natural disasters and other catastrophic events.
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Archer, Melanie S., and James F. Wallman. "The development of forensic entomology in Australia and New Zealand: an overview of casework practice, quality control and standards." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2015.1137972.
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Oberprieler, Rolf, Christopher Lyal, Kimberi Pullen, Mario Elgueta, Richard Leschen, and Samuel Brown. "A Tribute to Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel (1918–2017)." Diversity 10, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10030101.
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This tribute commemorates the life and work of Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel, who made substantial contributions to the understanding of weevil systematics, evolution and biology. Willy was born in Chile in 1918 and studied philosophy, theology and biology. He became fascinated by weevils early on and completed his Ph.D. degree on South American Erirhinini. Subsequent employment by the University of Chile provided him with many opportunities to further his weevil research and undertake numerous collecting expeditions, including to remote and rugged locations such as the Juan Fernandez Islands and southern Chile. In 1963 he accepted a position at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Zealand, where he became Head of the Systematics Group in the Entomology Division. His emphasis on field work and collections led to the establishment of the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, which he guided through its greatest period of expansion. His retirement in 1983 offered him increased opportunities to pursue his weevil research. In 1988 he presented a new scheme of the higher classification of weevils, which ignited and inspired much subsequent research into weevil systematics. The breadth and quality of his research and his huge collecting efforts have left a legacy that will benefit future entomologists, especially weevil workers, for decades to come. This tribute presents a biography of Willy and accounts of his contributions to, and impact on, the systematics of weevils both regionally and globally. All of his publications and the genera and species named after him are listed in two appendices.
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Schlumpf, Heidi, Nina Gaze, Hugh Grenfell, Frances Duff, Kelly Hall, Judith Charles, and Benjamin Mortensen. "Data Detectives - The Backlog Cataloguing Project at Auckland War Memorial Museum." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25194.
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The Collection Access and Readiness Programme (CARP) is a unique, well-defined programme with committed funding at Auckland War Memorial Museum (AWMM). In the Natural Sciences department, CARP has funded the equivalent of five positions over five collecting areas for four years. These are filled by six part-time collection technicians and a senior full-time manager. As Collection Technicians, our role, across Botany, Entomology, Geology, Marine, and Palaeontology, is to digitise acquisitions prior to December 2012. We are processing the backlogs of our collections, which are prioritised across all museum activities in distinct taxonomic projects. The cataloguing method involves gathering and verifying all available information and entering data into Vernon, our collections management system (https://vernonsystems.com/products/vernon-cms/), with specifically designed record standards aligned to Darwin Core (Wieczorek et al. 2012). CARP has allowed us the freedom to explore backlog collections, some of which have not been fully processed, revealing mysteries that would otherwise have sat undiscovered, and to resolve uncertainties across the collections. For example, in Botany, cataloguing the foreign ferns reveals previously unrealised type specimens; in Marine, cataloguing all 9117 specimen lots of the New Zealand Bivalvia collection, brought classification and locality data uncertainties to resolution. There are multiple projects running concurrently in each collecting area, continually enriching our collection data. In turn, this is opening up a far wider range of information to the public through our online collection portal, AWMM Collections Online http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/collections-online (currently 800,000 records). Open accessibility promotes careful consideration of how and what data we deliver, as it is disseminated through global portals, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Atlas of Living Australia (ALA). Collections that have often had no more attention than recording of their original labels, have interesting stories beyond “just” cataloguing them. As cataloguers, we have found that the uncertainties or sometimes apparent lack of detail increases our engagement with our collections. Rather than solely copying information into the database, we become detectives, resolving uncertainties and verifying the background of our objects, collection sites and collectors. This engagement and the global reach of our data mean that we are invested in the programme, so that data entry continuity and accuracy are maximised. Our presentation will give an overview of the CARP and our method, and a look at our progress two years in, highlighting some of our discoveries and how the uncertainty in our data allows us to engage more with our collections.
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McDowell, Rich W., R. A. Moss, C. W. Gray, L. C. Smith, and G. Sneath. "Seventy years of data from the world’s longest grazed and irrigated pasture trials." Scientific Data 8, no. 1 (February 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00841-x.
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AbstractPastures are the most widespread land use, globally. The Winchmore trials were established in 1948–1949 in Canterbury, New Zealand and examined either different rates of phosphorus (P) fertiliser on the same irrigation schedule (Fertiliser trial), or different irrigation scheduling at the same rate of P application (Irrigation trial). About 96,000 records of soil chemistry and physical data and pasture yield and botanical composition are available along with nearly 7000 soil samples. These data have been used in 475 publications that have explored topics as diverse as: improvements in sheep, dairy and deer production; the efficacy and scheduling of irrigation; improvements in pasture and crop production; agronomic and environmental soil and water research; and entomology. In addition to above topics, these data are invaluable for calibrating models to predict long-term issues like the accumulation of soil carbon or contaminants like cadmium and informing policy on climate change and agricultural practices. The data and soil samples are available for use and may yet yield discoveries, unforeseen 70 years ago.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New Zealand. Entomology"
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Haw, James. "Effects of Argentine Ant (Linepithema Humile) on Arthropod Fauna in New Zealand Native Forest." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/625.
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Although Argentine ant(Linepithema humile), a highly invasive ant species, has been in New Zealand for at least l4 years, little is known about their ecology and potential for invasion. Increasing spread and establishment of populations throughout New Zealand is disturbing because of the devastating impacts documented on native invertebrate biodiversity overseas. The primary aim of this study was to determine the impacts of Argentine ants on arthropods in native forest habitats in west Auckland. Pitfall traps at invaded and uninvaded sites were used to quantify ant and non-ant arthropod faunas. Argentine ants did not adversely affect native host ant communities. Moreover, two ant species appeared to be resistant to invasion. Argentine ant invasion reduced the abundance of a few orders of invertebrates while several taxa were more abundant in the presence of Argentine ants. Distribution and foraging activity of Argentine ant populations were monitored in this study from 2000-2003. Also, rate of spread was investigated to evaluate whether native forest habitats would be at risk from invasion. Measurements of foraging ant trails on monitored tree trunks revealed seasonal distribution patterns involving high activity in summer/autumn and low activity in winter/early spring. Argentine ants were found to be established primarily along the edge of the forest and did not invade into the interior of the forest during the study period. An Argentine ant poisoning operation on Tiritiri Matangi Island in January 2001 provided the opportunity to document the results of the eradication trial. In addition, pitfall traps placed at two treated sites and one untreated site were used to compare pre-poison and post-poison effects on ant and non-ant invertebrate communities. Fipronil baiting at 0.01% effectively reduced Argentine ants at the study sites and very few ants were observed in both tree count and pitfall trap recordings two months after poisoning. The invasion of Argentine ants on Tiritiri Matangi Island decimated native host ants and no recovery was detected throughout the study. Several groups of invertebrates appeared to benefit from the removal of Argentine ants while a few showed no detectable changes. Conservation implications resulting from the findings of this study are discussed Also, potential future research involving Argentine ants are outlined.
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Beck, Nancy Gunther. "Lepidopterous pests on vegetable brassicas in Pukekohe, New Zealand: their seasonality, parasitism, and management." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1982.
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The vegetable brassicas of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower are grown in Pukekohe for the Auckland fresh-produce markets. These brassicas are attacked by three major lepidopterous pests: diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella (L)) (Yponomeutidae), white butterfly (WB) (Pieris rapae (L.)) (Pieridae), and soybean looper (SBL) (Thysanoplusia orichalcea (F.)) (Noctuidae). Current grower strategy to combat these pests is calendar-scheduled insecticide applications. The goal of this thesis is to develop pest management alternatives. The seasonality of these three pests is discussed. DBM and WB are each under biological control by a larval and a pupal parasitoid, but this natural control is not sufficient to allow economic harvests in cabbage and was not synchronized. No parasitoids of SBL were found. The importation of additional natural enemies is discussed. A scouting system of the percent of cabbage plants infested coupled with an action threshold of. 15%-20% infested plants, resulted in good yields in field trials and allowed up to a 50% reduction in insecticide applications over the growth period when compared to a 14-day calendar schedule. Implementation of the 15% infested threshold in commercial cabbage fields resulted in up to an 83% reduction in insecticide applications with no yield decrease in quality or quantity. Application of this 15% infested plant threshold to broccoli and cauliflower decreased insecticide applications by 40% and 17%, respectively. Study of larval biology indicated that all of the lepidopterans preferentially fed on leaves; timing of the first insecticide application in broccoli and cauliflower to coincide with floret initiation decreased insecticide applications by 80% and 67%, respectively. Laboratory and field trials comparing DBM oviposition preference, larval survivability, and parasitism rates between cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower are discussed. Knowledge of lepidopterous pest seasonality and biology, linked to careful timing of insecticide applications to coincide with threshold levels of pests, can take full advantage of natural enemies and reduce insecticide input in the vegetable brassicas of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower with no decrease in crop quality.
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Peacock, Lora. "Eco-climatic assessment of the potential establishment of exotic insects in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1530.
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To refine our knowledge and to adequately test hypotheses concerning theoretical and applied aspects of invasion biology, successful and unsuccessful invaders should be compared. This study investigated insect establishment patterns by comparing the climatic preferences and biological attributes of two groups of polyphagous insect species that are constantly intercepted at New Zealand's border. One group of species is established in New Zealand (n = 15), the other group comprised species that are not established (n = 21). In the present study the two groups were considered to represent successful and unsuccessful invaders. To provide background for interpretation of results of the comparative analysis, global areas that are climatically analogous to sites in New Zealand were identified by an eco-climatic assessment model, CLIMEX, to determine possible sources of insect pest invasion. It was found that south east Australia is one of the regions that are climatically very similar to New Zealand. Furthermore, New Zealand shares 90% of its insect pest species with that region. South east Australia has close trade and tourism links with New Zealand and because of its proximity a new incursion in that analogous climate should alert biosecurity authorities in New Zealand. Other regions in western Europe and the east coast of the United States are also climatically similar and share a high proportion of pest species with New Zealand. Principal component analysis was used to investigate patterns in insect global distributions of the two groups of species in relation to climate. Climate variables were reduced to temperature and moisture based principal components defining four climate regions, that were identified in the present study as, warm/dry, warm/wet, cool/dry and cool/moist. Most of the insect species established in New Zealand had a wide distribution in all four climate regions defined by the principal components and their global distributions overlapped into the cool/moist, temperate climate where all the New Zealand sites belong. The insect species that have not established in New Zealand had narrow distributions within the warm/wet, tropical climates. Discriminant analysis was then used to identify which climate variables best discriminate between species presence/absence at a site in relation to climate. The discriminant analysis classified the presence and absence of most insect species significantly better than chance. Late spring and early summer temperatures correctly classified a high proportion of sites where many insect species were present. Soil moisture and winter rainfall were less effective discriminating the presence of the insect species studied here. Biological attributes were compared between the two groups of species. It was found that the species established in New Zealand had a significantly wider host plant range than species that have not established. The lower developmental threshold temperature was on average, 4°C lower for established species compared with non-established species. These data suggest that species that establish well in New Zealand have a wide host range and can tolerate lower temperatures compared with those that have not established. No firm conclusions could be drawn about the importance of propagule pressure, body size, fecundity or phylogeny for successful establishment because data availability constrained sample sizes and the data were highly variable. The predictive capacity of a new tool that has potential for eco-climatic assessment, the artificial neural network (ANN), was compared with other well used models. Using climate variables as predictors, artificial neural network predictions were compared with binary logistic regression and CLIMEX. Using bootstrapping, artificial neural networks predicted insect presence and absence significantly better than the binary logistic regression model. When model prediction success was assessed by the kappa statistic there were also significant differences in prediction performance between the two groups of study insects. For established species, the models were able to provide predictions that were in moderate agreement with the observed data. For non-established species, model predictions were on average only slightly better than chance. The predictions of CLIMEX and artificial neural networks when given novel data, were difficult to compare because both models have different theoretical bases and different climate databases. However, it is clear that both models have potential to give insights into invasive species distributions. Finally the results of the studies in this thesis were drawn together to provide a framework for a prototype pest risk assessment decision support system. Future research is needed to refine the analyses and models that are the components of this system.
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Barron, M. C. "Population ecology of the red admiral butterfly (Bassaris gonerilla) and the effects of non-target parasitism by Pteromalus puparum." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1763.
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There is anecdotal evidence that populations of the New Zealand endemic red admiral butterfly Bassaris gonerilla (F.) have declined since the early 1900s. This decline has been associated with the introduction of the generalist pupal parasitoids Pteromalus puparum (L.) and Echthromorpha intricatoria (F.). The former was deliberately introduced for the biological control of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae (L.)); the latter is an adventitious arrival from Australia. The objective of this thesis was to quantify, using population models, the effect that P. puparum is having on B. gonerilla abundance. Population monitoring and a phenology model (based on temperature-related development rates) indicated that B. gonerilla has two full generations and one partial generation per summer in the Banks Peninsula region of New Zealand. B. gonerilla abundance was greatly reduced in drought summers, which was probably due to the negative effects of drought on the quality and quantity of the larval host plant Urtica ferox Forst. A life table study showed that egg parasitism by the unidentified scelionid Telenomus sp. was the largest mortality factor for the pre-imaginal stages of B. gonerilla, followed by "disappearance" mortality (predation and dispersal) in the larval stages. Pupal mortality due to P. puparum was lower compared with that caused by E. intricatoria, with 1-19% and 20-30% of pupae being parasitised by P. puparum and E. intricatoria, respectively. Collection of B. gonerilla pupae from the Christchurch, Dunedin and Wellington areas confirmed higher rates of percentage parasitism by E. intricatoria. B. gonerilla collected from the Banks Peninsula had a 50: 50 sex ratio and lifetime fecundity was estimated in the laboratory as 312 eggs per female. There was no evidence of density-dependent parasitism of B. gonerilla pupae by P. puparum in the field, although there was a significant positive relationship between life table estimates of E. intricatoria parasitism and B. gonerilla pupal abundance. Larval dispersal from the host plant showed a positive relationship with larval instar but no relationship with larval density. Rates of change in B. gonerilla adult abundance between generations within a year showed evidence of density dependence, and this negative feedback was stronger in a drought year. A discrete-time model for B. gonerilla population dynamics was constructed which had two summer generations per year and a partial overwintering generation. The model showed that the presence of this overwintering generation provides a temporal refuge from high levels of E. intricatoria parasitism. Removal of parasitoid mortality from the model suggested that P. puparum was suppressing B. Gonerilla populations on the Banks Peninsula by 5% and E. intricatoria by 30%. An important assumption of the model was that parasitism rates were independent of B. gonerilla density. This assumption appears valid for P. puparum parasitism, but may not be valid for E. intricatoria; therefore the estimated suppression levels due to this adventive parasitoid should be viewed with some caution. It is too soon to generalise on what determines the magnitude of non-target effects by arthropod biocontrol agents, this being only the second study to quantify effects at a population level. However, in this case retrospective analysis has shown that the impact of non-target parasitism by P. puparum on B. gonerilla abundance has been small. There is anecdotal evidence that populations of the New Zealand endemic red admiral butterfly Bassaris gonerilla (F.) have declined since the early 1900s. This decline has been associated with the introduction of the generalist pupal parasitoids Pteromalus puparum (L.) and Echthromorpha intricatoria (F.). The former was deliberately introduced for the biological control of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae (L.)); the latter is an adventitious arrival from Australia. The objective of this thesis was to quantify, using population models, the effect that P. puparum is having on B. gonerilla abundance. Population monitoring and a phenology model (based on temperature-related development rates) indicated that B. gonerilla has two full generations and one partial generation per summer in the Banks Peninsula region of New Zealand. B. gonerilla abundance was greatly reduced in drought summers, which was probably due to the negative effects of drought on the quality and quantity of the larval host plant Urtica ferox Forst.. A life table study showed that egg parasitism by the unidentified scelionid Telenomus sp. was the largest mortality factor for the pre-imaginal stages of B. gonerilla, followed by "disappearance" mortality (predation and dispersal) in the larval stages. Pupal mortality due to P. puparum was lower compared with that caused by E. intricatoria, with 1-19% and 20-30% of pupae being parasitised by P. puparum and E. intricatoria, respectively. Collection of B. gonerilla pupae from the Christchurch, Dunedin and Wellington areas confirmed higher rates of percentage parasitism by E. intricatoria. B. gonerilla collected from the Banks Peninsula had a 50: 50 sex ratio and lifetime fecundity was estimated in the laboratory as 312 eggs per female. There was no evidence of density-dependent parasitism of B. gonerilla pupae by P. puparum in the field, although there was a significant positive relationship between life table estimates of E. intricatoria parasitism and B. gonerilla pupal abundance. Larval dispersal from the host plant showed a positive relationship with larval instar but no relationship with larval density. Rates of change in B. gonerilla adult abundance between generations within a year showed evidence of density dependence, and this negative feedback was stronger in a drought year. A discrete-time model for B. gonerilla population dynamics was constructed which had two summer generations per year and a partial overwintering generation. The model showed that the presence of this overwintering generation provides a temporal refuge from high levels of E. intricatoria parasitism. Removal of parasitoid mortality from the model suggested that P. puparum was suppressing B. Gonerilla populations on the Banks Peninsula by 5% and E. intricatoria by 30%. An important assumption of the model was that parasitism rates were independent of B. gonerilla density. This assumption appears valid for P. puparum parasitism, but may not be valid for E. intricatoria; therefore the estimated suppression levels due to this adventive parasitoid should be viewed with some caution. It is too soon to generalise on what determines the magnitude of non-target effects by arthropod biocontrol agents, this being only the second study to quantify effects at a population level. However, in this case retrospective analysis has shown that the impact of non-target parasitism by P. puparum on B. gonerilla abundance has been small.
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Morris, Michael Charles. "Photoperiodic control of development in the New Zealand leafroller moth Planotortrix octo Dugdale (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)." 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1825.
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The aim of this study is to test for photoperiodic control of larval and pupal development in the New Zealand moth Planotortrix octo Dugdale. The photoperiodic response curves for larval and pupal development and especially for instar number at 17°C and 21°C indicate that a photoperiodic mechanism is involved. Superimposed on this response is the suggestion that daylength affects development rate directly, with larvae and pupae developing faster under longer photophases. This effect is especially strong for pupal development (Chapter 3). The effects of thermophotoperiods (Chapter 4), night interruption and resonance experiments (Chapter 6) provide further evidence for photoperiodic involvement. The response to resonance experiments suggests the involvement of an hourglass rather than a circadian mechanism. Larvae reared under short days accumulate significantly more lipids in the 5th and 6th instars than larvae reared under long days (Chapter 4). This finding, combined with the suppressed development rate and higher instar number under short days, suggests that a weak form of diapause may be present in this insect. This is significant in being the first recorded incidence of a photoperiodically induced diapause in a phyllophagous New Zealand insect for which a year round food supply is available (Chapter 1). By transferring insects from long to short days I found that long days have more influence than short days on larval development (Chapter 7). An attempt was made to measure juvenile hormone titres under long and short days using a Galleria bioassay. The test used was not sensitive enough however to measure any significant amounts of juvenile hormone (Chapter 8). Simulations of the experimental results were performed using a damped circadian oscillator model (Chapter 9). This model was considered the most appropriate to use, based on the experimental results and on a review of the literature (Chapter 2). Simulations showed good similarities with experimental results in most cases, but could not account for resonance responses.
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He, Xiong Zhao. "Reproductive behaviour of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae : a thesis presented in partial fulfi[l]ment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science (Entomology) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/749.
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Aphidius ervi Haliday is a cosmopolitan parasitoid species of several major aphid pests on economically important crops. Prior to this research, little information was available on its reproductive behaviour. Emergence of A. ervi peaks during the first few hours of the photophase with males being protandrous. Females become sexually mature earlier than males and oviposit primarily in the photophase. Aphids parasitised in their early instars die before reproduction but those parasitised in later instars produce a limited number of progeny. Females prefer aphids of 3- to 5-d-old over the younger and older aphids for oviposition. Females ovipositing in 4- to 7-d-old aphids have more fitness gains in terms of progeny body size and egg load at emergence. Fertilised eggs are more likely deposited in large hosts and unfertilised eggs in small ones. Large individuals have greater longevity, large males father more progeny, and large females have higher fecundity, parasitism and greater ability in host searching. However, with increasing body size females gain more than males in longevity and fecundity but males gain more than females in the number of female progeny. Males can inseminate up to nine females and they carry about 82% effective sperm at emergence and replenish about 18% sperm during their adult life. Females adjust the oviposition and sex allocation strategies in response to increasing host density with higher number of aphids parasitised at higher host densities and lower proportion of female progeny produced at lower host densities. Males play an active role in mating behaviour. Males having mating experience, and being large or younger, respond to females more quickly and perform better courtships resulting in higher mating success. Males prefer larger and younger females for mating probably because the latter have greater reproductive potential. Males optimize the use of their sperm based on the availability of their sperm and the reproductive status (age) of females. The switchingoff of female receptivity of male mating attempt after the mating is a gradual process. Some females accept the second males within 1 minute since the termination of the first mating. The shorter mating period in the second mating suggests that females remate probably due to the gradual process of switching-off of female receptivity rather than the insufficient sperm transformation during the first mating. Males prolong their mating duration in male-biased operational sex ratio to reduce the probability of female remating.
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Thongphak, Duangrat. "Systematics of the Australian longicorn beetle genus Uracanthus Hope 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Uracanthini) : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science (Entomology) at Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1397.
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Uracanthus is a large group of longicorn beetles in the Australian Region. The larvae of this genus are borers of at least 31 genera of trees and parasitic plants, including some economically important crops such as citrus, litchi, peach, plum, and apricot. Several species are important pests of orchards. Adults visit flowers of various tree species and are attracted to the light. In this thesis, I undertook a thorough taxonomic revision, analysed the phylogeny using morphological and molecular characters, and appraised biogeographic distribution of the genus. In the taxonomic revision, I redefine the scope of the genus, describe and illustrate new and previously known species, and provide a key to all species. The revised Australian Uracanthus includes 39 species, eight of which are established as new to science: U. pseudogigas sp. nov., U. maculatus sp. nov., U. griseus sp. nov., U. bicoloratus sp. nov., U. perthensis sp. nov., U. punctulatus sp. nov., U. quadristriolatus sp. nov., and U. bistriolatus sp. nov. Six new synonyms are proposed (senior synonyms last): U. multilineatus McKeown with U. ventralis Lea, U. dentiapicalis McKeown with U. parvus Lea, U. marginellus Hope and U. inermis Lea (not Aurivillius) with U. bivittatus Newman, U. fuscostriatus McKeown with U. lateroalbus Lea, and U. daviumbus Gressitt with U. longicornis Lea. Dorsal views of all species are presented as photographs, terminalia of both sexes illustrated, and distributions mapped. Brief comments are also given on the biology of this genus. In the full morphological phylogenetic analyses of all 39 species, I use 55 informative characters and cladistic method to test the monophylies of Uracanthus and its species groups. My results show that the monophylies of the genus and seven species groups are confirmed. However, several species groups still need additional steps to become monophyletic and are currently considered paraphyletic. In the molecular phylogenetic studies, due to the situations beyond my control (difficulties of extracting DNA from some old species and prohibitions of extracting DNA from type specimens), I analyse only 21 species. I extract and amplify the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) region of the mtDNA from 21 species and perform a phylogenetic analysis using molecular characters. To make the molecular phylogeny comparable to the morphological phylogeny, I also cladistically analyse the phylogeny of these 21 species using morphological and combined morphological-molecular characters. A comparison of trees obtained from morphological, mtDNA and combined data shows that the relationships of several closely related taxa remain constant, for example, the sister relationships of U. gigas + pseudogigas, U. insignis + punctulatus, and U. acutus + loranthi. However, the placement of U. insignis and U. punctulatus on the phylogenetic trees varies from the most basal in the full morphological analysis to the highly derived in the combined and molecular analyses. Considering the amount of available data is more limited in the molecular analysis than in the morphological analysis, the molecular phylogeny presented in this study should be interpreted with caution. The Uracanthus fauna can be divided into five subregions: the Kosciuskan, Western and Eyrean in southern and central Australia, and the Torresian and Timorian in northern Australia. The fauna are richest with highest endemism in the Kosciuskan and Western. The Kosciuskan and Western are similar in faunal composition and closely related; the Eyrean has probably acted as a faunal exchange transit area between the Kosciuskan and Western, and the two northern Australian subregions have no endemic species. When the areas of endemism of each species are attached to the phylogenetic tree generated from the full morphological analysis, a clear picture of the distribution patterns of species groups in relation to phylogeny is obtained. It is suggested that the speciation and species radiation of Uracanthus may have occurred first in the Kosciuskan, then in the Western, and finally in the Eyrean, Torresian, and Timorian.
Books on the topic "New Zealand. Entomology"
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New Zealand applied entomology: Future challenges. [Aukland? N.Z.]: Entomological Society of New Zealand, 1991.
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Broun, Thomas. Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera: Pts. 7. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Broun, Thomas. Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera: Pts. 3. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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New Zealand applied entomology: Future challenges (Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand). Entomological Society of New Zealand, 1990.
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Crowe, Andrew. Mini Guide to the Identification of New Zealand Insects. Penguin Group New Zealand, Limited, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "New Zealand. Entomology"
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Capinera, John L., Marjorie A. Hoy, Paul W. Paré, Mohamed A. Farag, John T. Trumble, Murray B. Isman, Byron J. Adams, et al. "New Zealand Primitive Moths (Lepidoptera: Mnesarchaeidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2609. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2214.
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"Australia and New Zealand." In Forensic Entomology, 76–97. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18156-10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "New Zealand. Entomology"
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Glare, Travis. "Microbial control: Progress from New Zealand." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95070.
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Owens, Brittany E. "The Pselaphini (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) of New Zealand." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114594.
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Leschen, Richard A. B. "Preliminary look at the phylogeny of New Zealand weevils." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93194.
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Rayl, Ryan J. "Agroecology of a salad crop pest in New Zealand." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111254.
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Buckley, Thomas R. "Adaptation and speciation in the New Zealand stick insectClitarchus hookeri(Phasmatodea)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94179.
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Brown, Samuel D. J. "Taxonomy and evolution of New Zealand broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106606.
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Chandler, Donald S. "The Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of New Zealand and Australia: A comparison of faunas." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115607.
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Withers, Toni M. "Biosafety testing and risk assessment for biological control of forest insect pests in New Zealand." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94667.
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Voice, Dave. "Diagnostics response to the detection and eradication of Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) inAuckland, New Zealand." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113088.
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Wilson, Joanne. "Wanted, dead or alive non-viable: The role of regulation in keeping pest risk off New Zealand’s shores." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93707.
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