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1
Pearce, Douglas G., and Gerard Richez. "Antipodean Contrasts: National Parks in New Zealand and Europe." New Zealand Geographer 43, no. 2 (October 1987): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1987.tb01090.x.
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Williams, Paul W. "The Significance of Karst in New Zealand National Parks." New Zealand Geographer 43, no. 2 (October 1987): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1987.tb01095.x.
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Watts, Greg, John Pearse, Ioannis Delikostidis, Johann Kissick, Brian Donohue, and Jeff Dalley. "Tranquillity mapping in New Zealand national parks – a pilot study." Noise Mapping 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2020-0025.
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AbstractThe tranquillity in national parks worldwide is currently under threat from intrusion of anthropogenic noise of a growing tourism industry and activity related to park management. This was addressed by creating informative tranquillity maps, where perceived tranquillity can be considered a key indicator of soundscape quality in natural areas. Tranquillity of an area can be assessed using TRAPT (Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool), that has been developed and refined for assessing urban green spaces, national parks and wilderness areas in the United Kingdom. The subjective response to helicopter noise levels of a sample group of 35 people representing the general New Zealand population was obtained, based on visual and audio stimuli that were collected in Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park. These results were used to produce a revised TRAPT equation. It was discovered that levels under 32 dBA correspond to an excellent level of tranquillity. This threshold was used to produce a noise level exposure calculation for two national parks using noise prediction model AEDT (Aviation Environmental Development Tool). Contours representing tranquillity duration were then calculated and plotted, to serve as a planning tool for use by the Department of Conservation. A similar approach could be used for other national parks worldwide.
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Frost, Warwick, and Jennifer Laing. "From Yellowstone to Australia and New Zealand: National Parks 2.0." Global Environment 6, no. 12 (January 1, 2013): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2013.061204.
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LIU, DONG, and ZHI-QIANG ZHANG. "New Zealand Austrophthiracarus (Acari, Oribatida, Steganacaridae): two new species from the North Island." Zootaxa 4500, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.3.10.
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Two new species of Austrophthiracarus (Oribatida: Steganacaridae) from national parks on the North Island of New Zealand are described: Austrophthiracarus taranaki sp. nov. from moss along tracks in Wilkies Pools, Egmont National Park, Taranaki and Austrophthiracarus whirinaki sp. nov. from litter in Whirinaki Forest, between Rotorua and Taupo. An updated key to all known species of Austrophthiracarus in New Zealand is presented.
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NOLAN, C. J. P., R. R. SHARP, B. S. SOLOMON, M. T. BROWN, and D. A. AYRES. "Taking Schools to the Parks: Integrated Studies and the Educational Role of New Zealand National Parks." New Zealand Geographer 43, no. 2 (October 1987): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1987.tb01096.x.
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Nelson, Gordon. "A Geographer's Perspective on the Role of National Parks in New Zealand." New Zealand Geographer 43, no. 2 (October 1987): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1987.tb01089.x.
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Entwistle, Evelyn R. "Methods of Economic Evaluation of National Parks with Reference to New Zealand." New Zealand Geographer 43, no. 2 (October 1987): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1987.tb01094.x.
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Higham, James, Jan Vidar Haukeland, Debbie Hopkins, Odd Inge Vistad, Kreg Lindberg, and Karoline Daugstad. "National parks policy and planning: a comparative analysis offriluftsliv(Norway) and thedual mandate(New Zealand)." Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2016): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2016.1145688.
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Dinica, Valentina. "Tourism concessions in National Parks: neo-liberal governance experiments for a Conservation Economy in New Zealand." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25, no. 12 (March 10, 2016): 1811–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1115512.
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Wright, Elaine F., Peter J. Bellingham, Sarah J. Richardson, Meredith McKay, Catriona J. MacLeod, and Matt S. McGlone. "How to get a national biodiversity monitoring programme off the ground: lessons from New Zealand." PARKS, no. 26.2 (November 30, 2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2020.parks-26-2efw.en.
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Roosen, John T. "NEW ZEALAND: “DOWN UNDER” OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-241.
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ABSTRACT New Zealand has embarked upon a new direction in marine oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response. The new direction was driven by a parliamentary review of the Marine Pollution Act that found New Zealand ill prepared to respond to a marine oil spill. The new program put together four key components that depended on government and industry cooperation in a user-pays environment. First, the Marine Pollution Act of 1974 was reformatted into a new Maritime Transport Act (MTA), which brought into focus broad policy guidelines. Second, Marine Protection Rules now provide detailed ongoing program information that changes with updates to industry practice and technology. Third, a Crown entity, the Maritime Safety Authority, was established as the main engine of change. Lastly, oil pollution response was redistributed from the central government into a four-tiered response mechanism. The tiers start with commercial facilities and ships, progress to regional government and then to the national government, and ultimately provide an avenue for international assistance.
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Forster, Margaret. "Restoring the Feminine of Indigenous Environmental Thought." Genealogy 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3010011.
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A feminist genealogy approach to governmentality is used to explore how indigenous knowledge and aspirations related to the environment become embedded into Aotearoa New Zealand environmental policy and practice. Particular consideration is given to the indigenous feminine as an impetus for change as expressed through atua wāhine/Māori female spiritual authority and powers. Political projects and activism by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand, provide the basis to explore contests between environmental truths that originate from Māori traditions and those that have come to dominate national environmental politics that originate from British “Western” traditions. It is argued that truth contests have been extremely effective at disrupting the power and authority of environmental policy and practice dominated by Western thought. Furthermore, efforts to maintain the momentum of these transformation and consolidate the authority and power of Māori communities is linked to rendering the indigenous feminine visible, retelling our herstories and developing new relationships and practices that give expression to atua.
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Price, Steven. "Terrorism by media: Coverage of the Ahmed Zaoui affair." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.790.
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Last year [2003], in a supremely hypocritical editorial, The New Zealand Herald laid into the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) for its ‘farcical level of research’ on Ahmed Zaoui.1 Zaoui is an Algerian national who turned up at Auckland International Airport in early December 2002, and asked for political asylum. He was immediately imprisoned. Relying on classified NZSIS information, the Minister of Immigration has declared Zaoui a threat to national security and issued a Security Risk Certificate against him, allowing his continued detention. The Herald pointed to the just-released decision of the Refugee Status Appeals Authority 2, which had found no credible evidence that Zaoui was a terrorist.
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Stevens, Leigh, Julian Roberts, and Deborah Hume. "INCORPORATING CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS INTO OIL SPILL RISK ASSESSMENT IN NEW ZEALAND." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-265.
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ABSTRACT This paper describes the New Zealand (NZ) approach used to define the likelihood and consequences of oil spills through the Maritime Safety Authority (MSA) Marine Oil Spill Risk Assessment process. A new methodology for consequence analysis was developed using 20 kilometre coastal cells established across the country for ranking and mapping sensitivity. For each cell, the resources present were evaluated under “environmental” categories (shoreline character, plants and animals, protected sites) and “human” categories (economic, cultural, and social, amenity & recreation). Factors within each category were allocated scores reflecting the sensitivity, vulnerability and reversibility of impacts at local, regional and national levels on a semi-quantitative 5-point score (very low / low / moderate / high or unknown / extreme). Qualitative descriptions (e.g. “no vulnerable plants or animals” ranging to “a number of vulnerable plants or animals of national importance, or at least one that is irreplaceable”) were used to ensure national consistency in scoring. Determining the presence or absence of environmental and human factors within each cell enabled individual scores to be summed for each category and graphically presented using diagonally split colour-coded squares on a map. This was overlain with the results of the regional oil spill likelihood analysis (e.g. how much, how often, where, what oil, and where from) providing an overall risk profile for NZ. The methodology was refined through national level multi-stakeholder meetings, and tested at two regional workshops to produce a data collection template for use by regional response agencies. The unique contribution of this work has been to incorporate consequence analysis into the assessment of regional and national risk profiles. Further quantifying the relative contribution of different activities and factors to the risk profile of each region, and nationally, will guide preventive and preparedness measures to lower the likelihood and impact of a spill. This in turn will determine the relative contribution each risk activity makes to the total risk profile which forms the basis for setting Oil Pollution Fund levies used to fund spill preparation in NZ.
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Baker, Karl, Roger Carman, Graeme Blick, and Stuart Caie. "Mapping New Zealand 2025 – A National Perspective." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-21-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) is in a unique position internationally. This Central Government organisation houses New Zealand’s national mapping agency, hydrographic authority and geodetic survey office all under one roof. This gives the organisation the opportunity to think broadly about future directions and leverage a combined centre of expertise and skills, across the three disciplines, nationwide.</p><p>In 2007, LINZ launched the Geospatial Strategy to improve coordination, sharing and use of geospatial data across New Zealand’s government entities. The Strategy had four goals &ndash; good governance across the system; creating and maintaining key geospatial datasets; accessible and useable Government geospatial data; and interoperability.</p><p>Since then, LINZ has begun a 10-year programme of work &ndash; Mapping New Zealand 2025 &ndash; to deliver the mapping, data and expertise needed to address some of the most significant challenges facing the country, now and in the future &ndash; firstly resilience and climate change, secondly urban growth and thirdly water. These three challenges prioritise LINZ’s work under its 2017 Outcomes Framework. The vision is seamless land and sea mapping, from the top of Aoraki/Mount Cook to the edge of the continental shelf.</p><p>Mapping New Zealand 2025 brings together initiatives, leadership and investment, and builds on core LINZ expertise in mapping and charting, data partnerships with other organisations and new technologies to deliver this programme.</p><p>This paper will give an outline and update on the five major components that make up the Mapping New Zealand 2025 work programme.</p> <ol><li>Improving New Zealand’s Bathymetry Data &ndash; Decision-makers around the world are increasing their use of marine information to tackle issues such as the sustainability of ocean resources. LINZ is working with national and international organisations on projects to drive improvements in New Zealand’s depths information and to map the world’s ocean floors. Coupled with international projects, LINZ is also focusing on local initiatives such as building relationships and partnerships to ensure valuable New Zealand marine data is collected efficiently, is more accessible and reusable. The organisation is also now coordinating retrieval of data, samples and reports from international vessels undertaking marine science research in New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone, Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf.</li><li>National Elevation and Imagery Partnerships &ndash; Aerial imagery and elevation (LiDAR) are foundational data infrastructure for New Zealand, with many critical applications. LINZ operates a successful partnership model for procuring and publishing aerial imagery across New Zealand, an initiative begun after the Canterbury earthquakes, when imagery over Christchurch was in great demand, but not accessible. The initiative has made aerial imagery of the entire country available to all, under a creative commons licence. LINZ has also recently established national coordination of elevation (LiDAR) data to maximise its value to New Zealand. Coordinating procurement partnerships and publishing data for open reuse are the focus of this ambitious initiative.</li><li>Mapping the coastal zone &ndash; New Zealand’s coastal zone is of great economic, social and environmental importance, and it is where climate change processes will impact the most. Fit-for-purpose coastal mapping is essential to modelling and decision-making that help us adapt and mitigate risks to our communities, individual property and infrastructure. LINZ is undertaking a one-year pilot as an initial step towards determining the needs for, and benefits of, improved coastal mapping. The pilot is stocktaking existing datasets that map parts of the coast (or intertidal or littoral zone) and identifying a fit-for-purpose reference frame for analysing data. The work will then move on to investigate the products needed to improve coastal mapping and decision-making and develop a prototype tool for mapping and visualisation.</li><li>Joining land and sea data &ndash; Currently in New Zealand, elevation and depths datasets are captured to a range of reference surfaces and datums, limiting our ability to merge them together. The largest challenges are across the coastal zone, where LINZ is working with the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) to develop a tool for ‘seamless’ linking of land and sea data. This project is being run in tandem with improving coastal mapping mentioned above, as the definition of tidal surfaces (such as mean high-water springs) are limited by the accuracy of digital terrain models and the ability to connect tidal surfaces to the coast. This project will also deliver an improved national tidal model. New Zealand’s current model was developed between 1996 and 2000 and is built on a now obsolete platform. The updated model will be recreated on a new platform and be able to use 20 additional years of data and improvements in global modelling technologies.</li><li>Maximising the benefits of Earth observation data &ndash; 2018 saw a greatly increased awareness of the potential applications of Earth observation data and technologies in government, industries and research in New Zealand. LINZ is joining with major stakeholders such as the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Space Agency, Venture Southland and the Centre for Space Science Technology to develop a national strategy for maximising the benefits of Earth observation. Aside from this national focus, LINZ will work on how best to utilise Earth observation in our own activities, in areas such as using remote sensing to map our built environments and understanding potential applications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which uses radar images of Earth’s surface collected by satellites to map ground deformation.</li></ol><p> Each of these five projects are at different stages of maturity. The presentation will cover off what each project has accomplished to date. We will present what the future holds for the programme and how Mapping New Zealand 2025 will allow LINZ, and the wider New Zealand community, to think and work differently.</p>
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Ganev, S., and M. Braithwaite. "Resource requirements for national active surveillance programmes of high impact exotic pests in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6024.
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Organisms that are new to New Zealand are detected every year These range from benign or saprophytic to significant pests Currently detection of exotic organisms relies on a combination of public submissions reporting from research scientists and limited planned surveillance programmes With the exception of the fruit fly surveillance programme the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity Authority (MAFBA) does not undertake active surveillance programmes for high impact exotic pests of horticulture and agriculture This is seen as a potentially significant deficiency The National Plant Pest Reference Laboratory (NPPRL) was commissioned by MAFBA to conduct pilot surveys of twelve high impact exotic pests to determine the resources required to plan carry out field surveys and conduct laboratory identifications The surveys were statistically designed to enable early pest detection and hence maximise the probability of pest eradication Pest selection was based on pest reputation biology epidemiology and the use of various diagnostic techniques to provide a variety of potential scenarios This paper presents details of the sampling statistical methods and resources that were used to compile information on active surveillance programmes for each pest
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Sligo, Frank. "NZ journalism unit standards: Are they still needed?" Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.791.
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One indicator of health in any field of human endeavour is the extent and quality of debate that occurs on how its new and developing practitioners should be educated. Currently in New Zealand a powerful influence upon the subject matter to be taught in professional journalism courses is a set of ‘unit standards’ comprising part of the National Qualifications Framework accredited by a government agency, the NZ Qualifications Authority (NZQA). These unit standards describe in extraordinary, reductionist detail, the requirements for two national qualifications, the National Diploma in Journalism, and the National Diploma in Journalism (Graduate).
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Cumming, Jacqueline, and Nicholas Mays. "Shifting to capitation in primary care: What might the impact be in New Zealand?" Australian Health Review 22, no. 4 (1999): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah990008.
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Primary medical care in New Zealand has traditionally been delivered by general practitioners and funded by a mix of fee-for-service government subsidies, user part-charges and private payments. In 1998, New Zealand's national purchaser of publicly-funded healthcare, the Health Funding Authority, proposed to pay health service organisations capitation fees per enrolled patient, as well as fees-for-service for immunisations and some performance-related payments. This article considers the implications, drawing on theory and research from New Zealand and elsewhere, of different methods for paying general practitioners and other primary care professionals. The main focus is on whether giving a greater emphasis to capitation will lead to a fairer distribution of resources and better access to services for those groups of people who are not well served by the current system.
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Chmielewski, Witold. "W trosce o polskość dzieci i młodzieży z okresu drugiej wojny światowej w Nowej Zelandii." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny 64, no. 4 (254 (February 13, 2020): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8473.
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The aim of the article is to present the issue of retaining the national identity among the youngest Polish exiles living in New Zealand. To present that issue, methods appropriate for the history of education were applied. The basis of the research were the materials stored in the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London. As a result of the archival research, at the invitation of the Prime Minister Peter Fraser, a group of Polish children arrived in the settlement of Pahiatua in New Zealand. They were mainly orphans with their carers. The exiles were provided with good living conditions. School children were prepared to return to free Poland after the war, they attended Polish schools in the settlement and the older ones attended New Zealand schools run mainly by the Catholic Church. The moment Poland found itself under the Soviet influence and the power was taken by the communists, the exiles from Pahiatua did not want to return to the enslaved country. They decided to stay in the friendly New Zealand. In that situation, the issue of retaining their national identity arose, along with the need to provide them with education, profession and work. The concept of resisting the policy of depriving the young generation of their national identity was in the focus of the Polish authority in London. It was also a matter of great concern of the teachers and carers in the settlement of Pahaiatua. Many initiatives were taken which aimed at retaining the Polish identity among children and youth living in New Zealand, who gradually started work in the unknown environment. The conducted activities to retain the Polish identity bore positive results. The Polish identity wasretained not only by the exiles but also by their children and grandchildren, who, not knowing the language of their ancestors, cultivate national traditions and remember their roots. As a result of the presented deliberations, we may draw a conclusion that the conduct of the Polish authority in exile in the analysed issue was appropriate. In such a situation one should act similarly and always consistently.
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Turner, Richard, Xiaogu Zheng, Neil Gordon, Michael Uddstrom, Greg Pearson, Rilke de Vos, and Stuart Moore. "Creating Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for 15 New Zealand Wind Farms." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 12 (December 2011): 2394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2668.1.
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AbstractWind data at time scales from 10 min to 1 h are an important input for modeling the performance of wind farms and their impact on many countries’ national electricity systems. Planners need long-term realistic (i.e., meteorologically spatially and temporally consistent) wind-farm data for projects studying how best to integrate wind power into the national electricity grid. In New Zealand, wind data recorded at wind farms are confidential for commercial reasons, however, and publicly available wind data records are for sites that are often not representative of or are distant from wind farms. In general, too, the public sites are at much lower terrain elevations than hilltop wind farms and have anemometers located at 10 m above the ground, which is much lower than turbine hub height. In addition, when available, the mast records from wind-farm sites are only for a short period. In this paper, the authors describe a novel and practical method to create a multiyear 10-min synthetic wind speed time series for 15 wind-farm sites throughout the country for the New Zealand Electricity Commission. The Electricity Commission (known as the Electricity Authority since 1 October 2010) is the agency that has regulatory oversight of the electricity industry and that provides advice to central government. The dataset was constructed in such a way as to preserve meteorological realism both spatially and temporally and also to respect the commercial secrecy of the wind data provided by power-generation companies.
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van Heezik, Yolanda, and Philip J. Seddon. "Animal reintroductions in peopled landscapes: moving towards urban-based species restorations in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18026.
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Urban areas are highly modified landscapes that can support significant biodiversity, including threatened species, although native species are usually present at low densities and several native species will be absent. The most powerful tool for increasing urban biodiversity is supporting existing biodiversity through appropriately designed and managed public and private greenspaces, and improving habitat quality. However, if a more proactive strategy is required to overcome recolonisation barriers, then reintroduction is another powerful tool to enhance biodiversity across urban landscapes. The health of cities, in terms of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the quality of the nature experiences accessed by adults and children largely depends on how much human communities value and know about nature. While community-driven habitat restorations can improve biodiversity and increase human–nature connection, reintroduction of appropriate species could fill ecological gaps that would otherwise remain empty, and further enrich biodiversity in residents’ nearby neighbourhoods. New Zealand is currently a hotspot of reintroduction activity, but these take place in relatively unmodified terrestrial sites, such as national parks, restored offshore islands, and fenced eco-sanctuaries. We review global examples of animal reintroductions taking place within areas modified by human activity, and, using information elicited from 18 experts, consider potential reintroduction candidates, and consider the benefits, opportunities, challenges, and requirements for the reintroduction of native species into New Zealand’s urban areas.
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Watson, James. "English Associationalism in the British Empire: Yorkshire societies in New Zealand before the First World War." Britain and the World 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0006.
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The rise of the Yorkshire societies in New Zealand coincided with the maturation of the British Dominions. Emerging as modern nations in their own right, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Canada were conscious of the need to consolidate selected cultural influences to inform the development of distinctive national identities. Given the fact that the English in New Zealand were the single largest British immigrant group, there seemed to be little need to assert or celebrate ‘Englishness’ and this was in stark contrast to the Scots whose widespread associational culture has been well-documented. Importantly, however, the emergence of Yorkshire, as opposed to English, societies reveals the crossroads of the immigrant experience: the dual identity. Asserting the importance of Yorkshire, its working-class culture and its people, as an important and defining facet of British success became very important at a time when immense social and economic changes were sweeping across Britain. The rise of Yorkshire societies abroad illuminates the desire for a greater recognition of the role played by the north in Britain's development at home and abroad. By examining the prevalence of Yorkshire societies in New Zealand, their membership, aims and activities, this article sheds new light on regional loyalties within English immigrant communities and their connection to Britain's imperial authority.
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Hewitt, Sarah L., Nicolette F. Sheridan, Karen Hoare, and Jane E. Mills. "Understanding the general practice nursing workforce in New Zealand: an overview of characteristics 2015–19." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20109.
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Limited knowledge about the nursing workforce in New Zealand general practice inhibits the optimal use of nurses in this increasingly complex setting. Using workforce survey data published biennially by the Nursing Council of New Zealand, this study describes the characteristics of nurses in general practice and contrasts them with the greater nursing workforce, including consideration of changes in the profiles between 2015 and 2019. The findings suggest the general practice nursing workforce is older, less diverse, more predominately New Zealand trained and very much more likely to work part-time than other nurses. There is evidence that nurses in general practice are increasingly primary health care focused, as they take on expanded roles and responsibilities. However, ambiguity about terminology and the inability to track individuals in the data are limitations of this study. Therefore, it was not possible to identify and describe cohorts of nurses in general practice by important characteristics, such as prescribing authority, regionality and rurality. A greater national focus on defining and tracking this pivotal workforce is called for to overcome role confusion and better facilitate the use of nursing scopes of practice.
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Archabald, Karen, and Lisa Naughton-Treves. "Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000145.
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Throughout much of the tropics, human-wildlife conflict impedes local support for national parks. By channelling tourism revenue to local residents, conservationists hope to offset wildlife costs and improve local attitudes toward conservation. To date tourism revenue-sharing (TRS) programmes have met mixed success. Local conditions and national policies that shape the success of TRS programmes were identified by comparing the experiences of both implementers and beneficiaries of pilot TRS programmes at three parks in western Uganda. Between 1995 and 1998, communities around these parks used a total of US $83 000 of tourism revenue to build 21 schools, four clinics, one bridge, and one road. In 1996, the Ugandan parliament passed legislation that changed both the amount of money available for TRS and the institutions responsible for sharing the money. The programme was suspended at all three parks while the implementing agency (Uganda Wildlife Authority) struggled to design a programme that complied with the new legislation. TRS funds collected before 1996 were shared through 1998, but since then no revenue has been shared. However, a revised TRS programme is expected to resume in 2001. In semi-structured interviews, both implementers and beneficiaries evaluated local TRS programmes and compared them to other benefit-sharing projects, particularly those promoting sustainable use of non-timber products within park boundaries (n = 44). Both groups of respondents listed revenue-sharing as the most important advantage of living next to a national park. Seventy-two per cent of respondents indicated that they thought TRS had improved attitudes towards the protected areas, and 53% thought TRS was more important then sustainable use of non-timber forest products. Although respondents were generally positive about TRS, in informal discussions respondents repeatedly mentioned four potential obstacles to TRS success, namely poorly defined TRS policies and unsteady implementing institutions, corruption, inadequate funds, and numerous stakeholders with differing priorities. From this survey and literature from experiences in other African countries, there are four key components of successful revenue-sharing programmes: long-term institutional support, appropriate identification of the target community and project type, transparency and accountability, and adequate funding. With firm institutional support and realistic expectations, TRS can play an important role in improving local attitudes towards conservation.
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Davies, Caitlin L., Chris G. Sibley, and James H. Liu. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire." Social Psychology 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000201.
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The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) measures five universal moral foundations of Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, and Purity/sanctity. This study provided an independent test of the factor structure of the MFQ using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a large New Zealand national probability sample (N = 3,994). We compared the five-factor model proposed by Moral Foundations Theory against alternative single-factor, two-factor, three-factor, and hierarchical (five foundations as nested in two second order factors) models of morality. The hypothesized five-factor model proposed by Moral Foundations Theory provided a reasonable fit. These findings indicate that the five-factor model of moral foundations holds in New Zealand, and provides the first independent test of the factor structure of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
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Shea, Margo, Maryann Zujewski, and Jonathan Parker. "Resuscitating the Promise." Public Historian 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2016.38.4.129.
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This article explores the challenges and opportunities that accompany efforts on the ground to nurture innovation as we promote stewardship, preserve valued places, advance education, and facilitate citizens’ connection to their parks and historic sites in the second century of the National Park Service. Using the first nationally designated historic site, Salem Maritime, as a case study, we examine efforts to grapple with bureaucratic inertias, entrenched patterns of insularity, and reliance on top-down authority. Support from leadership is necessary to allow education and interpretation staff on the ground to invite scholars, teachers, school districts, community educators, park neighbors, and others to participate in developing more engaged, complex, multivocal, and democratic histories and a broader vision for the new century in the NPS.
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Roberts, Julian, and Alain Lamarche. "AN OIL SPILL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR NEW ZEALAND." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-321.
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ABSTRACT The Maritime Safety Authority of New Zealand (MSA) has a mandate to promote a safe and clean marine environment and to provide an effective marine pollution response capability. As part of its obligations, the MSA is responsible for the New Zealand Marine Oil Spill Response Strategy and the preparation of a National Marine Oil Spill Contingency Plan for Tier 3 spill events (Maritime Transport Act 1994, S.283). The MSA is currently working on the design of an extensive coastal information database—including information such as marine and natural resource inventories and coastal human-built infrastructures—that can be mapped in a GIS system. A customised toolset is also being developed to streamline the management of the database. The benefits of GIS-based information management systems in oil spill response have been demonstrated by a number of overseas response agencies. However, many of these rely on discrete components or only fulfil specific individual requirements, such as the provision of coastal resource information. Having reviewed these approaches, New Zealand has embarked on the development of a more integrated and comprehensive oil spill information management system that will deliver a broad range of applications and serve to provide a framework for the seamless management and reporting of all the types of data that are generated throughout the life cycle of an oil spill response. The system combines GIS and database technology. It includes field survey management support, as well as automated treatment mechanisms to produce reports and maps to support planning and operations. The system also integrates a pre-spill shoreline segmentation database. The benefits of such a system will include the recording and presentation of all types of response data that is more responsive to the needs of operational decision makers; the ability to better track the progress of spill cleanup activities in both a temporal and spatial context; and the generation of customised reports to assist in cost recovery claims on termination of response activities.
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Leslie, John. "Sequencing, People Movements and Mass Politicization in European and Trans-Tasman Single Markets." Government and Opposition 51, no. 2 (August 4, 2014): 294–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.24.
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This article demonstrates the utility of comparative historical approaches and tools for temporal analysis in comparative regional integration. Over three decades Australian and New Zealand policymakers constructed a Trans-Tasman Single Economic Market that, like the Single European Market, creates supra-national authority and removes administrative barriers to free movement of goods, services capital and people. Like the Single European Market, the Trans-Tasman Single Economic Market regulates internal movements of people liberally. In Europe, some argue, liberal regulation of people movements has led to politicization of integration. In Australia and New Zealand integration has no mass political salience. This article compares European and trans-Tasman integration to explain these divergent outcomes. It shows how differing sequences of events can explain varying levels of mass mobilization around integration in the two cases. In Europe ‘economic integration’ preceded the liberalization of people movements. Trans-Tasman integration reversed this sequence.
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Sikora, Katarzyna. "Konstytucyjne gwarancje praw jednostki. Model szwedzki i nowozelandzki." Studia Iuridica 76 (January 17, 2019): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8636.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse and describe fundamental individual rights in relation to the Constitution of Sweden and New Zealand. Basic human rights include the right to dignity, right to liberty and the right to equality. Everyone is equally entitled regardless of origin, race, gender or education. Based on the analysis of several acts concerning the constitutional legislation of both countries it is evident that there is a lack of uniformity the nature of these have been complex and difficult to convey. Concerning Sweden, the Constitution consists of four acts in which the act of government includes standards governing and representing protection of the rights a liberty of a citizen. Constitutional legislation of New Zealand is more complicated because it consists of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840, The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, numerous laws, statutes setting up by the New Zealand Parliament as well as numerous constitutional customs, which may constitute legal standards and translate into precedent acts of courts. Despite the daily violation of rights in both Sweden and New Zealand, the complex legal systems protect and secure the rights of the people in their countries by introducing a series of laws and other regulations. The government of both countries, as well as public authority and other non-governmental organisations do their best to ensure they are respected and not violated. It should be noted that both Sweden and New Zealand have proven to comply with the obligations imposed on them under their national and international obligations with some undoubtable success, with generally well accepted principles in the whole civilised world.
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Johnson, Laurie A., and Ljubica Mamula-Seadon. "Transforming Governance: How National Policies and Organizations for Managing Disaster Recovery Evolved following the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 1 (February 2014): 577–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/032513eqs078m.
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Large-scale disasters simultaneously deplete capital stock and services which then requires many complex rebuilding and societal activities to happen in a compressed time period; one of those is governance. Governments often create new institutions or adapt existing institutions to cope with the added demands. Over two years following the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, governance transformations have increasingly centralized recovery authority and operations at the national level. This may have helped to strengthen coordination among national agencies and expedite policy and decision making; but the effectiveness of coordination among multiple levels of government, capacity building at the local and regional levels, and public engagement and deliberation of key decisions are some areas where the transformations may not have been as effective. The Canterbury case offers many lessons for future disaster recovery management in New Zealand, the United States, and the world.
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Lembang, Hendricus. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK KAMPUNG SOTA, DISTRIK SOTA, KABUPATEN MERAUKE." Musamus Journal of Economics Development 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/feb.v1i1.1230.
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Base on the Village Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Village, namely villages have the right, authority and obligation to regulate and manage their own government affairs and community interests based on their rights of origin and local customs. In this authority, the village provides services to the community and conducts community empowerment. Sota village is a border region with Papua New Guinea. The location of Kampung Sota is relatively close to the seafront of the city of Merauke, has a population of 1,270 in 2014 and the resources of forests, rivers and swamps. This research use Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and SWOT analysis. The results of the study found: Strength Aspects namely 1). Raw materials are easily available, 2). Strategic business location, 3). Product prices begin to increase, 4). The products produced are export products, 5). Availability of Village Land, 6). Commitment from the village government. Weakness aspects are: 1). The lack of business capital, small production quantity, 2). Transportation for raw materials, 3). Unattractive packaging, 4). Cooperatives in the village are controlled by individuals / traditional leaders who control the local land. Opportunity Aspect namely 1). Products that have a prospective market share, 2). Production capacity can be reproduced, 3). Increased consumer needs and public awareness to use local products, 4). Development of technology and information, 5). Additional workforce. Threat aspects, namely: 1). Still depends on the rainy and dry seasons, 2). Increased bargaining position of raw material suppliers, 3). The emergence of new competitors, 4). Government regulations on National Parks. So that the type of potential business that can be developed is the management of eucalyptus oil. While the alternative business sector is tourism, clean water, nine basic commodities and arwana fish.
Keywords: Development, Village Owned Enterprises, prospective
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Krishna, Venni V. "Universities in the National Innovation Systems: Emerging Innovation Landscapes in Asia-Pacific." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030043.
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Historically, universities and institutions of higher learning have gone through three academic revolutions, namely, teaching, research, and innovation. Universities and Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in the last two decades have come to occupy an important part in the national innovation systems (NIS), which is a complex of ‘all important economic, social, political, organizational, institutional and other factors that influence the development, diffusion and use of innovations’. From a broader perspective, universities, together with public Research and Development (R&D) labs and science agencies, public policies (on industry, research, innovation and higher education, etc.) and business enterprises are now considered as important actors in the NIS of Asia-Pacific economies. The rise of Asia in the global knowledge-based economy from mid-1990s is closely associated with the rise of knowledge institutions of higher learning and scientific research output. Every Asia-Pacific country embraced and introduced policies relating to innovation in varying forms. Consultancy and collaborative links with industry being traditional forms of engagement, new policy and institutional measures in technology transfer and innovation to engage with society and business enterprises are gaining prominence. Policies for incubation, start-ups, and spin-offs, technology transfer offices (TTOs), and science and technology parks have gained tremendous prominence in leading Asia-Pacific universities. Different national innovation systems in the Asia-Pacific region have given rise to varying roles of universities. Whilst universities in Southeast Asian countries and India continue to play a traditional role of teaching and generating human capital, there are countries such as Singapore, China, Taiwan, and Japan, wherein universities are being transformed as entrepreneurial universities. Science and innovation policies in these countries have orchestrated the goal direction of universities as frontiers of innovation. Universities in Australia and New Zealand have so far been quite successful in marketing higher education to neighboring Asian countries. They have in recent years begun to embark on innovation and commercialization of research. The paper focuses on South East Asia and draws some comparison with more dynamic university ecosystems in East Asia. In doing so, the paper brings into focus the emerging innovation landscapes across the region.
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Lockhart, Christopher, Carla A. Houkamau, Chris G. Sibley, and Danny Osborne. "To Be at One with the Land: Māori Spirituality Predicts Greater Environmental Regard." Religions 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10070427.
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Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous population, have a unique connection to the environment (Harris and Tipene 2006). In Māori tradition, Papatūānuku is the land—the earth mother who gives birth to all things, including Māori (Dell 2017). Māori also self-define as tāngata whenua (people of the land), a status formally recognised in New Zealand legislation. Māori have fought to regain tino rangatiratanga (authority and self-determination; see Gillespie 1998) over lands lost via colonisation. Accordingly, Cowie et al. (2016) found that socio-political consciousness—a dimension of Māori identity—correlated positively with Schwartz’s (1992) value of protecting the environment and preserving nature. Yet, Māori perceptions of land also derive from spiritual associations. Our work investigated the spiritual component of Māori environmental regard by delineating between protecting the environment (i.e., a value with socio-political implications) and desiring unity with nature (i.e., a value with spiritual overtones) amongst a large national sample of Māori (N = 6812). As hypothesized, socio-political consciousness correlated positively with valuing environmental protection, whilst spirituality correlated positively with valuing unity with nature. These results demonstrate that Māori connection with the land is simultaneously rooted in spirituality and socio-political concerns.
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Andreassen, Helen. "Hospitality and tourism as a subject in secondary schools: A worthwhile choice or a ‘dumping ground’?" Hospitality Insights 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i1.30.
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The tourism sector is now New Zealand’s number one export earner, contributing 17.4 percent to New Zealand’s total exports of goods and services [1]. In addition, the sector directly employs 8.4 percent of New Zealand’s workforce and a further 6.1 percent are indirectly employed [2]. Given the obvious importance of hospitality and tourism to both the national economy and local communities, one would expect that a potential career in the industry would be something for a young person to aspire to. Sadly, this is not the case, and recent research has found that much of the poor perception of a career in hospitality and tourism stems from the delivery of hospitality and tourism education in New Zealand secondary schools [3].
In the New Zealand secondary school curriculum, secondary students gain New Zealand’s Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) by working towards a combination of achievement or unit standards. The Ministry of Education is the only developer of achievement standards, which are derived from the achievement objectives of the New Zealand Curriculum. Unit standards are developed by industry training organisations [4]. Both hospitality and tourism are deemed to be ‘vocational’ rather than ‘academic’ subjects in the NCEA structure and are delivered as unit standards. In a review of the list of approved subjects for University Entrance (UE) in 2011, only subjects delivered as achievement standards were eligible, hence the removal of hospitality and tourism after the revisions came into effect in 2014 [5].
Students are often introduced to the study of hospitality and tourism at secondary school and therefore their early perceptions of a potential career are formed at this stage. These perceptions can be influenced by several factors, including the position that studying hospitality and tourism does not prepare students for further or higher education as effectively as other subjects might. Criticisms of hospitality and tourism as secondary school subjects include that the curriculum lacks both serious and relevant content and academic rigour. The idea that hospitality and tourism classes are used as a ‘dumping ground’ for the less academically able students is damning. The attitudes of teachers, career advisors, school management and parents also play a significant role in the development of a positive or negative perception of the industry, with some actively discouraging students’ interest. The removal of hospitality and tourism as UE approved subjects has only contributed to this poor perception both by students and the larger community, including parents [3]. There is an evident disparity between the importance of hospitality and tourism to the economy and local communities, and the perception of a career in the industry. Tourism Industry Aotearoa’s People and Skills 2025 report [6] identifies that an extra 36,000 full-time equivalent workers (approx. 47,000 jobs) could be required to service the visitor economy by 2025. The current delivery of hospitality and tourism education in secondary schools does nothing to enhance the perception of the industry, but instead contributes to its struggle for recognition and credibility. To address this disparity, there is an urgent need for discussion and strategic planning by all stakeholders. The government’s current review of the education system, including NCEA, provides this opportunity.
Corresponding author
Helen Andreassen can be contacted at helen.andeassen@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Tourism New Zealand. About the Industry, 2018. https://www.tourismnewzealand.com/about/about-the-industry/ (accessed Mar 8, 2018).
(2) Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE). New Zealand Tourism Dashboard, 2018. https://mbienz.shinyapps.io/tourism_dashboard_prod/ (accessed Mar 8, 2018).
(3) Roberts, M. D.; Andreassen, H.; O’Donnell, D.; O’Neill, S.; Neill, L. (2018). Tourism Education in New Zealand’s Secondary Schools: The Teachers’ Perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2017.1413380
(4) New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA). Standards, 2018. http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/understanding-ncea/how-ncea-works/standards/ (accessed Apr 26, 2018).
(5) New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA). Processes for Maintaining the Approved Subjects List for University Entrance. http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/awards/university-entrance/processes-for-maintaining-the-approved-subjects-list-for-university-entrance/ (accessed Jun 12, 2018).
(6) Tourism Industry Aotearoa. People & Skills 2025, 2015. http://www.tourism2025.org.nz/assets/Uploads/People-Skills-2025.pdf (accessed Mar 8, 2018).
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Manfredini, Manfredo, and Uwe Rieger. "Dynamics of territorial production in situated and community projects." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i3.121.
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<p>This section considers forms of collaboration in situated and community projects embedded in important spatial transformation processes in New Zealand cities. It aims to shed light on specific combinations of material and semantic aspects characterising the relation between people and their environment. Contributions focus on participative urban transformations. The essays that follow concentrate on the dynamics of territorial production of associations between multiple actors belonging both to civil society and constituted authority. Their authors were directly engaged in the processes that are reported and conceptualised, thereby offering evidence gained through direct hands-on experience. Some of the investigations use case studies that are conspicuous examples of the recent post-traumatic urban development stemming from the Canterbury earthquakes of 2010-2011. More precisely, these cases belong to the early phases of the programmes of the Christchurch recovery or the Wellington seismic prevention. The relevance of these experiences for the scope of this study lies in the unprecedented height of public engagement at local, national and international levels, a commitment reached also due to the high impact, both emotional and concrete, that affected the entire society.</p><p>This article is an introduction to contents of Chapter III.</p>
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TAIEPA, TODD, PHILIP LYVER, PETER HORSLEY, JANE DAVIS, MARGARET BRAG, and HENRIK MOLLER. "Co-management of New Zealand's conservation estate by Maori and Pakeha: a review." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 3 (September 1997): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000325.
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Despite direction by the Conservation Act (1987) to give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand's Department of Conservation has few formal collaborative management arrangements with Maori. Obstacles to establishing agreements that involve Maori in equitable conservation decision-making roles include divergent philosophies (preservation versus conservation for future use), institutional inertia, a lack of concrete models of co-management to evaluate success or otherwise to promote conservation, a lack of resources and opportunities for capacity building and scientific research amongst Maori, opposition and a lack of trust from conservation non-governmental organizations that are predominantly euro-centric in approach and membership, and a fundamental reluctance of some to share power with Maori. Recent examples of work towards co-management emphasize the need for innovative methods to build trust and explore common ground and differences. Meetings on marae (traditional Maori gathering places) have established guiding principles, lengthy dialogue, and a collective symbol as a metaphor for co-management. These were valuable steps towards building trust and understanding required for the restoration of coastal lakes and a river, and the potential joint management of two national parks on the west coast of the North Island. Establishment of a research project to assess the sustainability of a traditional harvest of a sea-bird (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Maori was facilitated by drawing up a 'cultural safety' contract. This contract underscored the role of Maori as directors of the research, protected their intellectual property rights to their traditional environmental knowledge, guaranteed continuity of the collaborative research project and regulated how results were to be communicated. The scientific ethics of a university ecological research team were safeguarded by the contract, which ensured that they could publish their inferences without erasure or interference. The New Zealand experience shows that even when legislation signals from the top down that the doorway is open for co-management with indigenous people, this by itself is unlikely to make it happen. Active facilitation by innovative middle-level agreements and the creation of new administrative structures are needed to govern co-management of a broad spectrum of resource issues. Bottom-up initiatives involving single, or very localized, resource uses may also trigger co-management. Models for successful co-management involving indigenous peoples must focus more strongly on issues of equity or power sharing, and therefore may be very different from models directed at a single conservation outcome.
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Kirby, Michael. "The common law and international law – a dynamic contemporary dialogue." Legal Studies 30, no. 1 (March 2010): 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2009.00138.x.
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International law, as expressed in treaties and in customary law, is of growing importance in municipal jurisdictions throughout the world. Some barriers to the use of international law in national courts are identified. Occasionally, they include scepticism and even hostility about this body of law. However, the past 60 years have witnessed a remarkable change in judicial attitudes in final courts in most Commonwealth countries.In the UK, the impact of Europe has helped create an ‘incoming tide’. In South Africa, India and Canada, constitutional provisions have stimulated the change. New Zealand is now affected by its Bill of Rights Act. But, in Australia, none of these forces was available and decisional authority adhered for decades to strict dualism.The changing pace of utilisation of international law in the UK and Australia are described. In the UK, the Human Rights Act 1998 now consolidates a trend already happening in the courts. In Australia, the Mabo decision in 1992 effectively endorsed the Bangalore Principles on the municipal application of international human rights norms. This paper describes the contrasting case-law. In the foregoing countries, it concludes with a response to criticisms of judicial utilisation of international law and a suggestion of the proper jurisprudential basis that can be identified to sustain a judicial process that is now well advanced in the countries surveyed.
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Editor. "Post-earthquake building safety evaluation procedures." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.2.103-121.
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The primary aim of this document is to provide Territorial Authorities with an outline response plan so that safety evaluations of damaged buildings can be activated efficiently and effectively following a major earthquake (or any other disaster which affects buildings). Services such as drainage, water supply and roading are not included within the scope of this document.
Territorial Authorities have the responsibility for providing the planning framework, within which a range of professional groups can operate. These include structural and civil engineers, building inspectors, and loss adjusters.
It is intended that these Building Safety Evaluation Procedures will be adopted by all New Zealand Territorial Authorities to avoid the need for each to formulate their own.
National acceptance of these procedures will also mean that only one set of forms, placards, information management systems, training resources etc. need be prepared. A common standard also makes the use of external inspection resources more practicable.
This document confines its scope to Territorial Authority planning for building damage assessment during the emergency phase of a disaster. Further plans for activities arising in the restoration phase are also required. They include:
definition of structural standards for the repair of damaged buildings
streamlined procedures for building consents
streamlined procedures for resource consents, including debris disposal and land use
transfer of information to insurance firms
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ROBERTSON, JOHN, and MICHAEL J. LAWES. "User perceptions of conservation and participatory management of iGxalingenwa forest, South Africa." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001979.
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New forest policies in South Africa seek to reconcile conservation and development objectives by devolving some responsibility for forest management from the state to local communities. Community participation in forest management aims to protect forest-based subsistence livelihoods by incorporating the interests of resource users, while simultaneously diffusing threats to biodiversity by managing resource use. To date, participatory forest management (PFM) has had mixed success in South Africa because the transfer of rights to users has not accompanied changes in policy. A questionnaire survey of 60 households (43%) revealed the attitudes of users toward current management and conservation options for iGxalingenwa forest. Users chose participatory forest management (52%) over community (25%) or state-dominated forest management (2%) structures. User choice was motivated by the desire to secure rights of access to, and ensure equitable benefit from, a dwindling resource base, rather than the conservation of these resources to sustain future yields. Users were unwilling to reduce resource use and compromise usufruct rights to achieve conservation goals, even to improve the availability of the resource stock. Current user needs compromise biodiversity conservation goals, and users regard state conservation practices as protectionist and obstructing their rights of access to resources. While the National Forests Act of 1998 seeks to conserve resources by limiting access to them and is based on principles of sustainable use, it is nevertheless perceived to offer few incentives to users to participate in forest management and conservation. Ideally, an institutional and legal framework that allocates user rights and managerial responsibilities to households is required, but clearly suitable alternatives to forest products are also vital for successful management. Greater trust between the provincial parks authority and users is needed, but is complicated by weak traditional leadership and poor community representation. Ultimately, users preferred PFM because, while recognizing that harvest rates are unsustainable, user dependence upon forest resources and weak traditional leadership means they can protect usufruct rights only by participation. Changes to any of these factors may create demands for a new management system. PFM allows the greatest flexibility for responding to changes in demands as well as the environment.
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Thomas, Joseph. "Indian Floriculture Industry is Poised to Bloom." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 651e—652. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.651e.
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Floriculture is growing at a frenetic pace in India. From a few units in 1990, nearly hundred units are either fully operational or at various stages of implementation. Almost seventy of these produce rose for the cut flower export market. The average unit size is two hectare under poly-cover. Anthurium, carnation, chrysanthemum, orchids and gerbera comprise the other cut flower producing units. Technology has come mostly from Holland, with Israel now giving severe competition to the Dutch. Germany, France, United Kingdom, and New Zealand are the other countries involved in technology transfer. Many units have the fan and pad system for temperature control along with drip irrigation and computer mediated operations. Most units use natural soil as the medium of growth whereas some have a combination of sand and natural soil and a few have adopted complete sand bed culture as practiced by Israeli growers. These hybrid as well as the state-of-the-art floriculture technologies are competing for the Indian market and the next few years will determine the system that is most suitable for adoption under local conditions. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), a wing of the Commerce Ministry of the Government of India, and the National Horticulture Board have indeed provided substantial support for the growth of Indian floriculture Industry. Meanwhile, more and more entrepreneurs are, on their own, setting up cold storages and operating cold trucks near major airports to maintain appropriate temperatures from harvest to destination. It is widely expected that more than 50% of the existing floriculture units will make good whereas the remaining may not survive either due to sourcing of unsuitable technologies or lack of expertise in floriculture production and management as well as international marketing prowess. There is also consensus that no single foreign technology giver is capable of meeting adequately the total needs in the Indian context and often it is a matter of the collaborators learning together. What seems certain is that India will, by the year 2000, be a major player in international floriculture because of the diverse agroclimatically suitable locations, lower labor cost, and talented human resource.
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La, Y. J., S. E. Cho, and H. D. Shin. "First Report of Powdery Mildew of Platanus occidentalis Caused by Erysiphe platani in Korea." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-12-0982-pdn.
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Platanus occidentalis L., called American sycamore or American plane, is native to North America. The trees are commonly planted throughout the world on the sides of roads and in parks. In June 2012, diseased leaves exhibiting signs of powdery mildew from a park in Daegu City of Korea were sent to Plant Clinic of Seoul National University for diagnosis. Our observations in Daegu City during September and October 2012 showed that nearly 99% of the approximately 1,000 trees surveyed were infected with a powdery mildew. Voucher specimens (n = 6) were deposited at the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Symptoms were characterized by chlorosis, distortion, or cupping of young leaves. White superficial colonies developed amphigenously on leaves. Hyphae were flexuous to straight, branched, septate, 4 to 7 μm wide, and had lobed appressoria. Conidiophores were 120 to 350 × 5 to 7.5 μm and produced conidia singly. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight, cylindric, and 115 to 200 μm long. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid, measured 33 to 47.5 × 17.5 to 29 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.5 to 2.0, lacked distinct fibrosin bodies, and showed reticulate wrinkling of the outer walls. Germ tubes were produced on the subterminal position of conidia. No chasmothecia were observed. The structures and measurements were compatible with those of the anamorphic state of Erysiphe platani (Howe) U. Braun & S. Takam. (1). To confirm the identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA from isolate KUS-F26959 was amplified with nested PCR and sequenced. The resulting sequence of 625 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JX997805). A GenBank BLAST search of this sequence showed only one base substitution with the four sequences (JQ365940 to JQ365943) of E. platani on Platanus spp. Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation tests by gently pressing diseased leaves onto young leaves of three 2-year-old disease-free seedlings. Three non-inoculated plants were used as control. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 24 to 30°C. Inoculated leaves developed symptoms after 7 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated leaves was morphologically identical to that observed on the original diseased leaves, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Since E. platani first was recorded in the United States in 1874, it has been regarded as endemic in North America. From the second half of the 20th century, introduction and expansion of the range of this fungus to South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, and Asia have been reported (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. platani infections of P. occidentalis in Korea. This species was recorded on P.× hispanica from Japan in 1999 (4) and on P. orientalis from China in 2006 (3), suggesting invasive spread of the sycamore powdery mildew in East Asia. Since American sycamores are widely planted in Korea, control measures should be made to prevent further spread of the disease. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication, ARS, USDA, Retrieved October 22, 2012. (3) C. Liang et al. Plant Pathol. 57:375, 2008. (4) S, Tanda. J. Agric. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Agric. 43:253, 1999.
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Duffy, J. M. N., G. D. Adamson, E. Benson, S. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, M. Bofill, K. Brian, et al. "Top 10 priorities for future infertility research: an international consensus development study†‡." Human Reproduction 35, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa242.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Can the priorities for future research in infertility be identified? SUMMARY ANSWER The top 10 research priorities for the four areas of male infertility, female and unexplained infertility, medically assisted reproduction and ethics, access and organization of care for people with fertility problems were identified. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many fundamental questions regarding the prevention, management and consequences of infertility remain unanswered. This is a barrier to improving the care received by those people with fertility problems. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Potential research questions were collated from an initial international survey, a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and Cochrane systematic reviews. A rationalized list of confirmed research uncertainties was prioritized in an interim international survey. Prioritized research uncertainties were discussed during a consensus development meeting. Using a formal consensus development method, the modified nominal group technique, diverse stakeholders identified the top 10 research priorities for each of the categories male infertility, female and unexplained infertility, medically assisted reproduction and ethics, access and organization of care. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Healthcare professionals, people with fertility problems and others (healthcare funders, healthcare providers, healthcare regulators, research funding bodies and researchers) were brought together in an open and transparent process using formal consensus methods advocated by the James Lind Alliance. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The initial survey was completed by 388 participants from 40 countries, and 423 potential research questions were submitted. Fourteen clinical practice guidelines and 162 Cochrane systematic reviews identified a further 236 potential research questions. A rationalized list of 231 confirmed research uncertainties was entered into an interim prioritization survey completed by 317 respondents from 43 countries. The top 10 research priorities for each of the four categories male infertility, female and unexplained infertility (including age-related infertility, ovarian cysts, uterine cavity abnormalities and tubal factor infertility), medically assisted reproduction (including ovarian stimulation, IUI and IVF) and ethics, access and organization of care were identified during a consensus development meeting involving 41 participants from 11 countries. These research priorities were diverse and seek answers to questions regarding prevention, treatment and the longer-term impact of infertility. They highlight the importance of pursuing research which has often been overlooked, including addressing the emotional and psychological impact of infertility, improving access to fertility treatment, particularly in lower resource settings and securing appropriate regulation. Addressing these priorities will require diverse research methodologies, including laboratory-based science, qualitative and quantitative research and population science. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We used consensus development methods, which have inherent limitations, including the representativeness of the participant sample, methodological decisions informed by professional judgment and arbitrary consensus definitions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We anticipate that identified research priorities, developed to specifically highlight the most pressing clinical needs as perceived by healthcare professionals, people with fertility problems and others, will help research funding organizations and researchers to develop their future research agenda. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Auckland Medical Research Foundation, Catalyst Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand and Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. G.D.A. reports research sponsorship from Abbott, personal fees from Abbott and LabCorp, a financial interest in Advanced Reproductive Care, committee membership of the FIGO Committee on Reproductive Medicine, International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies, International Federation of Fertility Societies and World Endometriosis Research Foundation, and research sponsorship of the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies from Abbott and Ferring. Siladitya Bhattacharya reports being the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open and editor for the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group. J.L.H.E. reports being the Editor Emeritus of Human Reproduction. A.W.H. reports research sponsorship from the Chief Scientist’s Office, Ferring, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research and Wellbeing of Women and consultancy fees from AbbVie, Ferring, Nordic Pharma and Roche Diagnostics. M.L.H. reports grants from Merck, grants from Myovant, grants from Bayer, outside the submitted work and ownership in Embrace Fertility, a private fertility company. N.P.J. reports research sponsorship from AbbVie and Myovant Sciences and consultancy fees from Guerbet, Myovant Sciences, Roche Diagnostics and Vifor Pharma. J.M.L.K. reports research sponsorship from Ferring and Theramex. R.S.L. reports consultancy fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma and Kindex and research sponsorship from Guerbet and Hass Avocado Board. B.W.M. reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA and ObsEva. E.H.Y.N. reports research sponsorship from Merck. C.N. reports being the Co Editor-in-Chief of Fertility and Sterility and Section Editor of the Journal of Urology, research sponsorship from Ferring and retains a financial interest in NexHand. J.S. reports being employed by a National Health Service fertility clinic, consultancy fees from Merck for educational events, sponsorship to attend a fertility conference from Ferring and being a clinical subeditor of Human Fertility. A.S. reports consultancy fees from Guerbet. J.W. reports being a statistical editor for the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group. A.V. reports that he is a Statistical Editor of the Cochrane Gynaecology & Fertility Review Group and the journal Reproduction. His employing institution has received payment from Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority for his advice on review of research evidence to inform their ‘traffic light’ system for infertility treatment ‘add-ons’. N.L.V. reports consultancy and conference fees from Ferring, Merck and Merck Sharp and Dohme. The remaining authors declare no competing interests in relation to the present work. All authors have completed the disclosure form. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Alsina, Ángel. "Itinerario de Enseñanza para el álgebra temprana." Revista Chilena de Educación Matemática 12, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46219/rechiem.v12i1.16.
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En este artículo se presenta el Enfoque de los Itinerarios de Enseñanza de las Matemáticas, un enfoque que trata de ser respetuoso con las necesidades reales de los estudiantes para aprender matemáticas. En la primera parte se presenta la fundamentación del enfoque, que se sustenta en tres pilares interrelacionados: la perspectiva sociocultural del aprendizaje humano, el modelo de formación realista-reflexivo y la educación matemática realista; en la segunda parte se describe el enfoque, que se refiere a una secuencia de enseñanza intencionada que contempla tres niveles: 1) enseñanza en contextos informales (el entorno inmediato, los materiales manipulativos y los juegos); 2) enseñanza en contextos intermedios (recursos literarios y tecnológicos), y 3) enseñanza en contextos formales (recursos gráficos); finalmente, en la tercera parte se ejemplifica dicho enfoque con un itinerario de enseñanza del álgebra temprana para estudiantes de 3 a 12 años. Se concluye que la implementación de este enfoque requiere un amplio dominio de conocimientos didáctico-disciplinares, lo que implica un esfuerzo importante por parte de todos los agentes implicados en la formación del profesorado para que así, todo aquel profesional preocupado por mejorar su práctica docente y adaptarla a las exigencias del siglo XXI, pueda tener acceso a estos conocimientos. Referencias Alsina, Á. (2004). Barrinem? Matemàtiques amb jocs i problemes. Lògica 3. Cataluña: Edicions l'Àlber, S.L. Alsina, Á. (2010). La “pirámide de la educación matemática”, una herramienta para ayudar a desarrollar la competencia matemática. Aula de Innovación Educativa, 189, 12-16. Recuperado desde https://dugi-doc.udg.edu//bitstream/handle/10256/9481/PiramideEducacion.pdf Alsina, Á. (2018). Seis lecciones de educación matemática en tiempos de cambio: itinerarios didácticos para aprender más y mejor. Padres y Maestros, 376, 13-20. Alsina, Á. (2019a). La educación matemática infantil en España: ¿qué falta por hacer? Números. Revista de Didáctica de las Matemáticas, 100, 85-108. Recuperado desde http://www.sinewton.org/numeros/numeros/80/Volumen_80.pdf Alsina, Á. (2019b). Hacia una formación transformadora de futuros maestros de matemáticas: avances de investigación desde el modelo realista-reflexivo. Uni-pluriversidad, 19(2), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.unipluri.19.2.05 Alsina, Á. (2019c). Itinerarios didácticos para la enseñanza de las matemáticas (6-12 años). Barcelona: Editorial Graó. Alsina, Á. (2019d). Del razonamiento lógico-matemático al álgebra temprana en Educación Infantil. Edma 0-6: Educación Matemática en la Infancia, 8(1), 1-19. Recuperado desde https://www.edma0-6.es/index.php/edma0-6/article/view/70 Alsina, Á., y Domingo, M. (2010). Idoneidad didáctica de un protocolo sociocultural de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Matemática Educativa, 13(1), 7-32. Recuperado desde http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-24362010000100002&lng=es&tlng=es. Alsina, Á., Novo, M. L., y Moreno, A. (2016). Redescubriendo el entorno con ojos matemáticos: Aprendizaje realista de la geometría en Educación Infantil. Edma 0-6: Educación Matemática en la Infancia, 5(1), 1-20. Recuperado desde http://funes.uniandes.edu.co/8423/ Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2015). The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics. Recuperado desde http://v7-5.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Curriculum/Overview Azcarate, P., y Serradó, A. (2006). Tendencias didácticas en los libros de texto de matemáticas para la ESO. Revista de Educación, 340, 341-378. http://hdl.handle.net/11162/68967 Cardet, N. (2009). Els cigrons i la matemàtica. Suplement Guixdos, 156, 1-15. De Corte, E., Greer, B., y Verschaffel, L. (1996): Mathematics Teaching and Learning. En D. Berliner, y C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology (pp. 491-549). Nueva York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. Esteve, O., y Alsina, Á. (2010). Hacia el desarrollo de la competencia profesional del profesorado. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 7-18). Barcelona: Editorial Octaedro. Fauzan, A., Plomp, T., y Slettenhaar, D. (2002). Traditional mathematics education vs. realistic mathematics education: Hoping for Changes. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Mathematics Education and Society Conference (pp. 1‐4). Copenhagen: Centre for Research in Learning Mathematics. Freudenthal, H. (1991). Revisiting mathematics education. Dordrectht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Gómez, B. (2001). La justificación de la regla de los signos en los libros de texto: ¿por qué menos por menos es más? En P. Gómez, y L. Rico (Eds.), Iniciación a la investigación en didáctica de la matemática. Homenaje al profesor Mauricio Castro (pp. 257-275). Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada. Hargreaves, A., Earl, L., Moore, S., y Manning, S. (2001). Aprender a cambiar. La enseñanza más allá de las materias y los niveles. Barcelona: Editorial Octaedro. Heuvel‐Panhuizen, M. (2002). Realistic mathematics education as work in progress. En F. L. Lin (Ed.), Common sense in mathematics education. Proceedings of 2001 The Netherlands and Taiwan Conference on Mathematics Education (pp. 1‐43). Taiwan: National Taiwan Normal University. Ivic, I. (1994). Lev Semionovick Vygotsky (1896-1934). Perspectivas: Revista Internacional de Educación Comparada, 34 (3-4), 773-799. Recuperado desde http://www.ibe.unesco.org/es/recursos/perspectivas-revista-trimestral-de-educaci%C3%B3n-comparada Korthagen, F. A. (2001). Linking practice and theory. The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Londres: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lerman, S. (2000). The social turn in mathematics education research. En J. Boaler (Ed.), Multiple perspectives on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 19-44), Westport, CT: Ablex. Lerman, S. (2001). The function of discourse in teaching and learning mathematics: a research perspective. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 46(1-3), 87-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48085-9_3 Llinares, S. (2008). Agendas de investigación en Educación Matemática en España. Una aproximación desde “ISI-web of knowledge” y ERIH. En R. Luengo, B. Gómez, M. Camacho, y L. J. Blanco (Eds.), Investigación en Educación Matemática XII (pp. 25-54). Badajoz: SEIEM. Melief, K., Tigchelaar, A., y Korthagen, K. (2010). Aprender de la práctica. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 19-38). Barcelona: Octaedro. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: Autor. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2006). Curriculum Focal Points for Prekindergarten through Grade 8 Mathematics: a quest for coherence. Reston, V.A.: Autor. Ministry of Education of New Zealand (2017). Te Whāriki: Early Childhood Curriculum. Wellington: Autor. Ministry of Education of Singapore. (2013). Nurturing Early Learners: A Curriculum for Kindergartens in Singapore: Numeracy: Volume 6. Singapore: Autor. Olmos, G., y Alsina, Á. (2010). El uso de cuadernos de actividades para aprender matemáticas en educación infantil. Aula de Infantil, 53, 38-41. Schmittau, J. (2004). Vygostkian theory and mathematics education: Resolving the conceptual-procedural dichotomy. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29(1), 19-43. Stacey, K., y Chick, H. (2004). Solving the problem with algebra. En K. Stacey, H. Chick, y M. Kendal (Eds.), The Future of Teaching and Learning of Algebra. The 12th ICMI Study (pp. 1-20). Boston: Kluwer. Tigchelaar, A., Melief, K., Van Rijswijk, M., y Korthagen, K. (2010). Elementos de una posible estructura del aprendizaje realista en la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 39-64). Barcelona: Octaedro. Torra, M. (2012). Patrones matemáticos en los cuentos. Cuadernos de Pedagogía, 421, 56-58. Recuperado desde http://www.cuadernosdepedagogia.com/content/Inicio.aspx Treffers, A. (1987). Three Dimensions. A Model of Goal and Theory Description in Mathematics Instruction - The Wiskobas Project. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company. Vásquez, C., y Alsina, Á. (2015). Un modelo para el análisis de objetos matemáticos en libros de texto chilenos: situaciones problemáticas, lenguaje y conceptos sobre probabilidad. Profesorado, Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 19(2), 441-462. Recuperado desde https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5294556 Vásquez, C., y Alsina, Á. (2017). Proposiciones, procedimientos y argumentos sobre probabilidad en libros de texto chilenos de educación primaria. Profesorado, Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 21(1), 433-457. Recuperado desde https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/567/56750681022.pdf Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wertsch, J. V. (1985). Vygotsky y la formación social de la mente. Barcelona: Paidós. Wertsch, J. V. (1991). Voces de la mente. Un enfoque sociocultural para el estudio de la acción mediada. Madrid: Aprendizaje Visor. Financiamiento: FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España. Agencia Estatal de Investigación Proyecto EDU2017-84979-R
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Cheyne, Christine. "Reinvigorating the vision: conservation boards’ role in 21st-century nature conservation." Policy Quarterly 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v12i1.4579.
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Public and stakeholder involvement in nature conservation through conservation boards has been a distinctive feature of New Zealand’s statutory framework for conservation, put in place in 1987. Since their inception, effective boards established for the purpose of ensuring that conservation stakeholders’ voices inform conservation planning have been regarded, at least in official discourse, as a key mechanism for achieving conservation outcomes. They replaced the existing national parks boards and, like their parent body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority, were intended to focus on the entire conservation estate.
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Barton, Thomas, and Marco Graf. "Analysis of Travel Blogs Posted in New Zealand: Geographical Distribution, National Parks and Movie Locations." Journal of Advanced Management Science, 2018, 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joams.6.3.139-142.
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Horsley, Jenny. "How high ability students perceived the practice of influential teachers." New Zealand Annual Review of Education, no. 19 (July 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v0i19.1560.
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In 2005, acting on advice received from the Scholarship Reference Group, the New Zealand government introduced re-designed New Zealand Qualifications Authority Scholarship Awards. One goal of these awards was to help motivate students to strive to develop and display excellence. Distribution was aimed at approximately 3 percent of students studying at Level 3 National Certificate of Educational Achievement with this proportion consistent with the level many consider to be ‘gifted and talented’ learners. This article identifies secondary school students’ perceptions of those factors they perceive to have facilitated their success in New Zealand Qualifications Authority Scholarship. Results show that effective teachers of gifted students demonstrate personal and professional characteristics that facilitate high academic success.
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Ayto, Jonathan. "Why departments need to be regulatory stewards." Policy Quarterly 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v10i4.4506.
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The latest Crown financial statements report that, at 30 June 2014, the New Zealand government held total assets valued at around $256 billion (New Zealand Government, 2014). These included a diverse range of physical, financial and other assets, such as national parks, highways, state houses, electricity generation plant and equipment, Kiwibank mortgages, shares, deposits, and the National Library and Te Papa collections. But some of the most important assets that the New Zealand government develops and maintains are not recorded on the Crown’s balance sheet. They are the regulatory arrangements that have been developed, introduced and refined over many years to, among other things, protect the rights, safety, property and other interests of its citizens, residents and visitors, allocate responsibilities for various risks, and otherwise help them transact or engage with each other on fair and efficient terms.
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Philips, David. "The Contribution of Research to the Review of National Qualifications Policy: The Case of the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA)." New Zealand Annual Review of Education, no. 16 (July 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v0i16.1518.
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New Zealand has implemented a major reform of secondary qualifications since 2002. This has attracted interest in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere. It is a standards-based system, whereby learners meet explicit “standards” (statements of knowledge and behaviour and assessment criteria) to gain national qualifications. Secondary students now gain credits towards the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA). The introduction of the NCEA by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) has been contested, but following government reviews of the conduct of the 2004 national secondary examinations, changes were introduced for the 2005 examinations, and further system review, research and technical monitoring are underway. The purpose of this article is to analyse how research on the NCEA using multiple sources of enquiry has contributed towards understanding its impact on learners, teachers and parents. It concludes with a consideration of some ways in which its implementation might be improved, and raises possible issues for any future review.
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McCarthy, Christine. ""... ponderously pedantic pediments prevail ... good, clean fun in a bad, dirty world": New Zealand Architecture in the 1980s." Architectural History Aotearoa 6 (October 30, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v6i.6750.
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The 1980s in New Zealand started with Robert Muldoon as Prime Minister: "Think Big," the Springbok Tour, the price freeze, and the establishment of Kōhanga Reo. These conflicting messages of expansion, contraction, and of race and politics were contextualised by high inflation (15.7% in 1981, 17.6% in 1982) and increasing unemployment (over 70,000 in 1981; c130,000 in 1983). In 1983 the CER (Closer Economic Relations) agreement with Australia was signed. In 1986 a GST (Goods and Services Tax) was first introduced. In October 1987, the sharemarket crash devastated many and reduced the number of cranes dominating the skylines of New Zealand's major cities. Building sites became car parks, and a new era of economic rationalisation would occur. In 1988 Broadcasting was de-regulated, NZPost (now an SOE) closed 432 post offices, and the selling of state assets to private interests was put in train. In 1989 GST increased to 12.5% and the Serious Fraud Office was established.It was also a decade of drama in New Zealand architecture. Significant controversies arose over buildings being built or being demolished, the economies of land value and building worth were in constant comparision. Of note were the discussions around the unrealised National Art Gallery, Roger Walker's now demolished Wellington Club the Aotea Centre in Auckland,the destruction of William Pitt's His Majesty's Theatre, and finally the National Museum of New Zealand, known these days as Te Papa. Controversies included protests against the recurring lack of open competitions for major public buildings, as well as the dominant disregard for architectural heritage.