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1
Sautter, Lilja Mareike. "FEMININITY AND COMMUNITY AT HOME AND AWAY: SHIPBOARD DIARIES BY SINGLE WOMEN EMIGRANTS TO NEW ZEALAND." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000564.
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New Zealand experienced a massive influx of European immigrants in the 1870s and early 1880s after the introduction of Julius Vogel's assisted immigration programme. Single women under the age of thirty-five were a significant target group of recruitment schemes. They were expected to contribute to the colony's labour force as domestic servants and balance New Zealand's surplus of male settlers by becoming wives and mothers. Many of these young women had never been away from home until they embarked on their hazardous journey halfway around the world. Elizabeth Fairbairn, a single woman emigrant herself, was the matron in charge of the young women travelling to New Zealand on board the Oamaru in 1877–78. She narrates in her shipboard diary that Christmas Day made many of the single women homesick: “A great many of the girls grew downhearted last night and had such a good cry, poor things I was sorry for them, for the heart does feel things at a time like this and it is the first time a good many of them have been from home” (25 Dec. 1877). Jane Finlayson was one of these homesick “girls” on the same ship a year earlier. On 22 September 1876 she writes in her diary: “After parting with our friends at Greenock and thinking that ‘Whatever be our earthly lot, Wherever we may roam, Still to our heart the brightest spot, Is round the hearth at home’ we came with the tug on board this ship.” Having left their old home, the women emigrants spent three months crammed into an uncomfortable steerage compartment, honing domestic skills such as sewing and knitting. The ship became a temporary home in which the emigrants prepared for their future life in New Zealand. Metropolitan notions of femininity which located women in the private, domestic sphere had to be questioned and modified on board. While the single women's compartment was supposed both to become a home away from home and to represent a domestic setting, the transitional and public nature of shipboard space complicated both of these projects. This ambiguity relates to an image of single women which was similarly contradictory. The single woman emigrant was a figure at the centre of discourses of femininity and community: on her centred hope but also anxiety. Like in other settler colonies, it was imagined in New Zealand that women would exert beneficial moral and religious influence upon male-dominated colonial society. Women were thus expected to act as creators of community, both ideologically through their moral influence and physically by bearing children. However, until they got married, single women also represented a threat: they were often held responsible for the increase in prostitution in New Zealand (Macdonald 180). This illustrates the danger women could embody: again, both ideologically, since prostitution was seen as contaminating the moral character of society, and physically, since deviant sexual activity was often seen as undermining the biological purity of the community. How did such notions of femininity and community travel from Britain to New Zealand? How were they constructed and redefined during the transitional period of the voyage? In order to explore these questions this essay discusses two texts that also travelled, and narrate travelling: the two shipboard diaries by Elizabeth Fairbairn and Jane Finlayson referenced above, which look at single women's experience of emigration from the slightly different perspectives of a matron and a young woman under the care of a matron. The figure of the matron is an ambiguous one within the notion of women as representing both hope and anxiety: she is not married but nevertheless in a position of relative authority compared to the other single women on board. Elizabeth Fairbairn's diary represents her efforts to create unity among the women under her charge by submitting all of them to the same ideology of femininity. However, her text also has to deal with her own complicated status within the social structure of the ship. Jane Finlayson's text aims to contain anxiety and ambiguity by framing subversive and frightening events within the generic conventions of a shipboard diary. It negotiates the position of the single women on board while simultaneously reaffirming this position.
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Koptie, Steve. "Irihapeti Ramsden: The Public Narrative on Cultural Safety." First Peoples Child & Family Review 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069328ar.
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The magnificent voices of Indigenous women who want to restore, preserve and extend the beauty of Indigenous culture must be relocated and honoured as the last best hope of escaping the tragic impacts of colonization. This paper started as an exploration of New Zealand Indigenous scholar Irihapeti Ramsden’s extraordinary efforts to imbed Cultural Safety as a foundation for nursing training and unity of purpose for all community helpers to alter the trajectory of colonization and its tragic impacts on Indigenous peoples. It morphed into a celebration of the powerful ‘reflective topical auto-biographies’ or meta-narratives of adaptability and resilience all Indigenous people need to share as we recover and heal from intergenerational traumas inflicted in the name of civilization and racial supremacy. Transformative change starts with self discovery as Irihapeti Ramsden taught her student nurses. Women and children are the most poignant victims of that foolish colonial project and their survival stories can lead all humanity back to respectful and loving sustainability. Indigenous women’s resilience stories need a special space in academic literature. Their enduring women-spirit has always guided this First Nations to be better first as an Indigenous man and more importantly as a human being. Irihapeti Ramsden’s journey to put Cultural Safety out there in mainstream academia began with a powerful reflective inner healing journey. Her life and work was a remarkable gift to all. The title of this paper derives from Section Three of her PhD thesis. It must be shared throughout all the worlds’ spaces in need of decolonization. Her ultimately political meta-narrative to alter ignorance and arrogance within education, government and society is one all Indigenous writers and scholars must study and articulate across often culturally unsafe places and spaces within Canada’s colleges and universities.
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SIMPSON, JANE. "Women, Religion and Society in New Zealand: A Literature Review." Journal of Religious History 18, no. 2 (December 1994): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.1994.tb00235.x.
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Mangal, Astha. "Feminism in the Novels of Shobha De." NOTIONS 9, no. 2 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31995/notions.2018v09n2.03.
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Feminism, Self-realization, Indian Women, New Women, Indian literature in English has journeyed a long way to achieve its present glory and grandeur present a good number of women writers offering through their writings the penetrative insight into the complex issues of life. The novels of these women writers analyze the world of women, their sufferings as victims of male hegemony, they also express social, economic and political upheavals in Indian society.
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Wajiran, Wajiran. "Polygamy and Muslim Women in Contemporary Indonesian Literature." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.34821.
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This paper will examine the ways in which polygamy is addressed in contemporary Indonesian literature. The literature that will be analysed is that published after the reformation era, whereby new freedoms have encouraged many Muslim writers to raise this controversial issue. This paper will apply feminist theory especially that of the Muslim feminist Amina Wadud. Furthermore, in order to understand the contextuality of the works, a cultural materialist approach is also applied. There are some Indonesian writers who overtly depict polygamy in their literature, such as Habiburrahman El Shirazy and Alfina Dewi. Although they are all Muslims they have different perspectives in presenting the issue of polygamy in their works. These differences reflect Indonesian Islamic society where polygamy is controversial. Some Muslims accept polygamy as Islamic teaching but others do not.
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Wajiran, Wajiran. "Polygamy and Muslim Women in Contemporary Indonesian Literature." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i3.34821.
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This paper will examine the ways in which polygamy is addressed in contemporary Indonesian literature. The literature that will be analysed is that published after the reformation era, whereby new freedoms have encouraged many Muslim writers to raise this controversial issue. This paper will apply feminist theory especially that of the Muslim feminist Amina Wadud. Furthermore, in order to understand the contextuality of the works, a cultural materialist approach is also applied. There are some Indonesian writers who overtly depict polygamy in their literature, such as Habiburrahman El Shirazy and Alfina Dewi. Although they are all Muslims they have different perspectives in presenting the issue of polygamy in their works. These differences reflect Indonesian Islamic society where polygamy is controversial. Some Muslims accept polygamy as Islamic teaching but others do not.
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Davis, Susan R., Rodney Baber, Nicholas Panay, Johannes Bitzer, Sonia Cerdas Perez, Rakibul M. Islam, Andrew M. Kaunitz, et al. "Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (September 2, 2019): 4660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-01603.
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Abstract This Position Statement has been endorsed by the International Menopause Society, The Endocrine Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Society for Sexual Medicine, The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, The North American Menopause Society, The Federacion Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Climaterio y Menopausia, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, The International Society of Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society of Australia, and The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.*
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Modra, Lucy, David Pilcher, Michael Bailey, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Sex differences in intensive care unit admissions in Australia and New Zealand." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.1.oa8.
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Introduction: Fewer women than men are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Objectives: To quantify the relative contribution of each major diagnostic category to the overall sex balance in ICU admissions in Australia and New Zealand, and to describe changes in the sex balance over time and with patient age. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of Australian and New Zealand ICU admissions recorded in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database between 2005 and 2018. Multivariate logistic regression for the likelihood of female admission considered key explanatory variables: diagnostic category, patient age, admission year, geographic region, hospital type, and planned versus unplanned ICU admission. Results: Overall, 42.3% of 1 616 856 Australian and New Zealand ICU patients were women (99% CI, 42.2–42.4%). 247 988 more men than women were admitted to an ICU during the 14-year study period. There was a sex imbalance in most diagnostic categories: less than 48% women in 15 of 23 diagnostic categories, and greater than 52% women in four diagnostic categories (P < 0.001). Admissions following cardiovascular surgery accounted for over half of the total sex imbalance. The percentage of ICU patients who are women increased linearly from 40.8% in 2005 to 43.6% in 2018 (R2 = 93.1%; P < 0.001). Compared with admission in 2005, the adjusted odds ratio for female admission in 2018 was 1.03 (99% CI, 1.01–1.06). Conclusion: There is a significant sex imbalance in ICU admissions in Australia and New Zealand, widespread across the diagnostic categories. Cardiovascular admissions contribute most to the observed preponderance of men. The proportion of female ICU patients is steadily increasing.
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Afshan, Rahat. "An analysis of the writings of female short story writers of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v10i1.109.
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The age of Short Stories in Urdu may be shorter than other branches of Urdu literature, but even though of its short-lived life, but the success and accomplishments of short stories is unlike any other form of the Urdu Literature. There is no doubt in the fact that Urdu Short Stories may have a root from English Literature, but our Writers of the short stories included the country and society and hence the true identity of the short stories came up to the surface. The way the female writers of Urdu Short Stories highlighted the new topics with new techniques is beyond compare and deserves appraise. They have presented their feelings and emotions in a way unique and new manner, which highlights the reference of their specific thinking, and they presented it in a highly spontaneous manner. Through their Short Stories, they have highlighted the presence of Women, their Value, their mental and emotional complexities, their needs and their silences are voiced. The women writers not only through their abilities to discover wrote about the political and societal difficulties, rights and equalities, women issues and against the cultural mindsets, but also through their works, they highlighted the time to time changing aspects of life. We are rightful to say this that the women taking part in the success and development of the Short Stories in Urdu Literature. Looking at their thoughts, it is not difficult to say that in the upcoming times, the women short story writers and their new and unique thoughts will account for the success of this branch of Urdu Literature.
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Vikhrieva, I. V. "THE ROLE OF “FEMALE LITERATURE” IN THE WORKS OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING ZIMBABWEAN WRITERS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-2-382-391.
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The article introduces the study of “female literature” in Zimbabwe’s English language literary creative writing, which has undergone accelerated development. In the material presented, the methods of language selection and plot-compositional organization of literary text, the main categories of textuality are examined. The specialization of literature is shown, as an indicator of its growth. The author compares the traditional attitude towards women in African society, which is characterized by inequality, and the appearance in the XX-XXI centuries women writers, signifying a revolutionary change in their socio-cultural role. A typical problematic of works created in different historical periods is revealed. A comparison on the creativity of women writers of three generations is made, an interpretation of problems related to women's destinies is given, tendencies in the formation, disclosure, and establishment of new roles of women in society are revealed. The typology of plots is shown from the point of view of subject matter and completeness of the text. Particular attention is paid to the complexity of semantic structures of the text of small and large genres; its cognitive potential, adherence to the regional English language standard is revealed.
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Shrestha-Ranjit, Jagamaya, Deborah Payne, Jane Koziol-McLain, Ineke Crezee, and Elizabeth Manias. "Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality of Interpreting Services to Refugee Women in New Zealand." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 1697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320924360.
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A significant number of people have been displaced from their country of origin and become refugees. Good health is essential for refugees to actively engage and take up opportunities within the society in their host countries. However, negotiating a new and unfamiliar health system hinders refugees’ ability to access and make use of the available health services. Communication difficulties due to language barriers are the most commonly cited challenges faced by refugees in accessing and utilizing health services post-resettlement. In this study, we aimed to examine effectiveness of interpreting services for refugee women in New Zealand. Data were collected through three sources: focus groups with Bhutanese women, focus group with Bhutanese men, and individual interviews with health professionals. The findings of this study reveal inadequacies and constraints in the provision of a socioculturally and linguistically effective interpreting service to Bhutanese women and provide evidence for recommendations to address these inadequacies.
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Dajnowicz, Małgorzata. "Polish Writers and their Influence on Women’s Public Activity: A Case Study of Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa." Respectus Philologicus 27, no. 32 (April 25, 2015): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.27.32.4.
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Józefa Kisielnicka (1865–1941) created a new model of a woman in the society, a woman that is actively involved in the public life and concentrates on the charity work and educational needs of the people in their close environment. Her attitude towards women’s involvement in the public life was greatly appreciated by both men and women, especially among the gentry class. In her literary works (published, e.g., in Warsaw Courier and Daily Courier), she depicted women’s everyday life. The general image of her characters was very negative.
Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) can be described as a great activist in initiating and developing the idea of gender issues, both in her written works and everyday life duties. Her political views, social involvement, and literary achievements were widely recognized among women representing liberal political views. Her numerous works (for example, A Few Words about Women) related to the place of the women in the society and the issues of gender equality. Eliza Orzeszkowa considered the cultural and social conditions, which influenced the possibilities of women in their pursuit of equality.
The two women writers Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa set a new pattern of initiating and shaping the public involvement of women in the northeastern province of Poland.
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Nutsukpo, Margaret Fafa. "Feminism in Africa and African Women’s Writing." African Research Review 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.8.
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Feminism developed out of the discontents of women in the West. Although African women, over the ages, have always been sensitive to all forms of discrimination within the African society, the emergence of feminism and feminist consciousness-raising awakened in them a new awareness of their oppression through the inequalities in society, reinforced by patriarchal tradition and culture. Many African women have aligned themselves with feminism and the feminist cause and, despite all odds have made remarkable progress in their lives and society and gained respectable acceptance and recognition from even the most stubborn reluctance of male domination. This trend has been captured by African women writers in their literary works which reflect the progress African women have made in transitioning from the margin to the centre and their contributions to social change.
Key Words: Feminism, Africa, patriarchy, African women, consciousness-raising, change
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GOODFRIEND, JOYCE D. "Slavery in colonial New York City." Urban History 35, no. 3 (December 2008): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926808005749.
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Manhattan's landscape contains few material reminders of its colonial past. Traces of the Native Americans who frequented the island, the Dutch who planted New Amsterdam at its tip and the various European and African peoples who populated the city renamed New York by the English in 1664 are few and far between. Though the obliteration of the tangible remains of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century city dwellers speeded the transformation of Manhattan into a vibrant twentieth-century metropolis, the dearth of visible signs of this era has complicated historians' efforts to fabricate enduring images of the men and women of this early urban society. Their stories, though dutifully rehearsed by schoolbook writers and museum curators, have rarely become etched in memory.
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McGregor, Judy. "The pervasive power of man-made news." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v12i1.843.
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Since the first woman was appointed as editor of a major newspaper in New Zealand in the mid 1980s, what has been the progress of women to top editorships? And what is the status of women at governance, management and staff journalist levels? These questions examine gender equality issues and are important given the power and ubiquity of the news media in modern society. The article analyses participation of women in the news media against the so-called ‘feminisation’ of pre-entry journalism training. The findings show that little progress has been made at editorship level, while there is more progress for senior women just below editorship level. Further, there is a difference in the status of women in governance of public service versus privately-owned broadcasting. The article is critical of the data available to monitor participation by gender and ethnicity in New Zealand journalism over time. Strategies to help break down the pervasive power of ‘man-made news’ are proposed. These include female shareholder activism at the governance level of media companies, and a greater commitment by the New Zealand Journalism Training Organisation to regular monitoring of women’s newsroom participation. Without it the status of women in New Zealand journalism remains invisible.
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Spakowski, Nicola. "Yan’an’s Labor Heroines and the Birth of the Women of New China." NAN Nü 22, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 116–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-00221p04.
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Abstract This article discusses the labor heroines of Yan’an and their cultural representation in the context of the early 1940s. It shows how the phenomenon of women’s labor heroism was formed during these years and it points out the rifts, contradictions and multiple understandings in the representation of labor heroines and their ideal role in the revolutionary process. In particular, this study highlights the co-existence of an instrumentalist and an idealist approach to women’s participation in production which is attributed to the double temporality in the Chinese Communist Party’s self-positioning at the time. The short-term necessities of the War of Resistance justified an instrumentalist approach which made labor heroines a “work force.” New Democracy, on the other hand, as a period of incipient socialism, opened the temporal horizon towards the future and moved revolutionary discourse from “memory” to “prophecy.” Writers embraced this creative space and imagined the social relations of a pacified, socialist society. Reportage as genre, labor heroines as subject and utopianism as orientation in time formed the basis for totally new conceptualizations of women’s liberation through work, restituting women’s agency and placing them in new sets of social relations.
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Weatherall, Ruth, Mihajla Gavin, and Natalie Thorburn. "Safeguarding women at work? Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand on effectively implementing domestic violence policies." Journal of Industrial Relations 63, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 568–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185621996766.
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Although domestic violence is increasingly acknowledged as a workplace issue and a gender equality issue, a gap remains in the effective implementation of domestic violence policies in workplaces. The Domestic Violence – Victims Protection Act passed in 2018 in Aotearoa New Zealand was a global landmark for holding workplaces accountable for safeguarding victims through a codification of employer responsibility. While the legislation is a milestone, such moves are nascent compared with other workplace gender equality initiatives. In this article, we assess ‘where we are now’ in relation to domestic violence policy initiatives, arguing that knowledge necessary for successful policy implementation is limited by the historical ‘gender blindness’ of industrial relations scholarship. For successful implementation, scholars and practitioners must understand domestic violence as a public issue embedded in broader patterns of gender inequality, reinforced by a gendered labour market. Drawing upon vignettes of victims’ experiences from empirical data on intimate partner stalking in Aotearoa New Zealand, a research and practice agenda is proposed to consider ‘where to next’ for implementing domestic violence policies. Our agenda proposes recognising domestic violence as a gendered, public issue which blurs boundaries between work, home and society in order to truly safeguard women at work.
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Maya P.R, Dr Latha Velavan,. "THE IMAGE OF INDIAN WOMEN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO LITERATURE." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2155.
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The paper deals with the ancient Indian women and their contribution to literature during the British period. The role of ordinary women and aristocrat ladies were the same in that period. Both were utilized to fulfill their household duties and to act as a consummate hostess to their men at the table. They were portrayed as a secondary character to men in most of the writings. Women were in general unaware of their fundamental rights due to illiteracy. Cruel rites like Sati and Infanticide were imposed on women by the society and more or less they were just treated as a supporting character to uphold the story. It’s only at the end of the Second World War, the Indian women got a new sight and light about the world. It’s quite interesting to learn how the ancient women lived and experienced the world around them. Women and Literature are interconnected to one another and their writings added new prospects to English Literature. Earlier, only the work of men were greatly appreciated and won recognition from the readers. But then, the effort of women writers came in to light which created a remarkable aspect in their style and matters they conveyed. They always focused on the language patterns of Indian Literature. It is to be noted that because of their varied style in writing women writers have become very popular among the Indian readers
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Kenix, Linda Jean. "The Traitor and the Hedonist: The Mythology of Motherhood in Two New Zealand Child Abuse Cases." Media International Australia 139, no. 1 (May 2011): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1113900107.
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Two recent child abuse cases in New Zealand flooded the local media spotlight and captured the public's attention. In both cases, the mothers were not charged with murdering their children. Yet both mothers received extensive scrutiny in the media. This qualitative analysis found two central narratives in media content: that of the traitor and that of the hedonist. In drawing upon such archetypal mythologies surrounding motherhood, the media constructed these women as simplistic deviants who did not possess the qualities of a ‘real’ mother. These framing techniques served to divert scrutiny away from civil society and exonerated social institutions of any potential wrongdoing, while also reaffirming a persistent mythology that remains damaging to women.
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Spencer, Lynda Gichanda. "‘In defence of chick-lit’: refashioning feminine subjectivities in Ugandan and South African contemporary women’s writing." Feminist Theory 20, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700119831544.
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Ugandan and South African contemporary women’s narratives reflect on the rapid pace of change in the social lives of women in two countries that are contending with the aftermath of conflict and violence. This article will interrogate how contemporary women writers such as Goretti Kyomuhendo ( Whispers from Vera), Zukiswa Wanner ( The Madams and Behind Every Successful Man) and Cynthia Jele ( Happiness is a Four-Letter Word) are embracing chick-lit as a form of writing, while simultaneously short-circuiting this genre to create an experimental form that allows them to reflect on the realities of women and engage with the contradictions, complexities and ambiguities of contemporary feminine subjectivities. Although chick-lit as a genre has been dismissed as trivial and frivolous, ostensibly because it deals with women’s experiences, this article argues that this particular form of chick-lit is more political and attempts to disrupt the original chick-lit by offering a critique of society. It articulates how women see themselves and their relationships with their parents, spouses and, most importantly, female friends; reflects on the challenges that modern women face in the work environment; interrogates women’s realities concerning love, marriage and motherhood; explores concepts of sexual desire and intimacy; and negotiates the dilemmas of a patriarchal society, while also confronting issues of class and race. These contemporary women writers are adopting this genre because it allows them to reflect on realities that are complex and uncertain, to transform gender relations, to redefine the roles of women and to construct new feminine subjectivities.
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Lawrence, Robyn L., Clare R. Wall, and Frank H. Bloomfield. "Dietary Patterns and Dietary Adaptations in Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes: Evidence From the Growing Up in New Zealand Study." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010227.
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Diet is a cornerstone of the management of gestational diabetes (GDM). We investigated differences in dietary patterns and dietary adaptations among pregnant women with and without GDM participating in the Growing Up in New Zealand study. Presence of GDM was determined using coded clinical data and plasma glucose results meeting the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes diagnostic criteria. Women answered a food frequency questionnaire and questions regarding dietary changes and information received during pregnancy. Women with GDM had lower adherence scores than those without GDM for ‘Junk’ (mean (SD) score −0.28 (0.95) versus 0.02 (1.01) p < 0.0005) and ‘Traditional/White bread’ dietary patterns (−0.18 (0.93) versus 0.01 (1.01) p = 0.002). More women with GDM reported avoiding foods high in fat or sugar (25.3% versus 5.7%, p < 0.05) compared to women without GDM. A greater proportion of women with GDM compared with those without GDM received information from dietitians or nutritionists (27.0% versus 1.7%, p < 0.05) or obstetricians (12.6% versus 7.5%, p < 0.05). More women diagnosed before the antenatal interview received advice from dietitians or nutritionists compared with those diagnosed after (46.9% versus 6.0%, p < 0.05). Women with GDM appear to make positive changes to their diet in response to advice received from health care professionals.
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Simmons, Cynthia. "Women Engaged/Engaged Art in Postwar Bosnia: Reconciliation, Recovery, and Civil Society." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 2005 (January 1, 2010): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2010.150.
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In postwar and post-Communist Bosnia-Herzegovina, civil society has been developing along with a signifi cant recasting of women’s roles in public life. Researchers have equated civil society since the war in Bosnia almost exclusively with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Certainly this has been the most infl uential sphere of both women’s work and of public activities contributing to a nascent civil society. Researchers have given insuffi cient attention, however, to the contributions of women in the burgeoning free press in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as to the increasing social engagement and infl uence of women artists and arts administrators. The contribution of the arts to civil society receives little attention, but women writers, artists, and arts administrators are addressing in their work and projects issues of justice, reconciliation, and human rights. Some who began their creative life in Yugoslavia, and who formerly sought independence from ideology in pure aestheticism, now embrace political engagement. They employ the potentially “free zone” of art to encourage the communication and mutual responsibility between the government and citizenry that underlies a civil society. Just as women have taken on new public roles since the war—as directors in non-governmental organizations and as editors and journalists in the independent press—women artists are addressing specifi c postwar themes, and women arts administrators are promoting publications, creating exhibitions, and organizing events that draw attention to issues that are critical to the success of Bosnia’s fl edgling democracy.
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Marks, Sarah, and Maxwell Olenski. "Q Fever in the First Trimester: A Case Report from Northern Rural New South Wales." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020090.
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Pregnant women are significantly more likely to have an asymptomatic acute infection with C. burnetii which, untreated, has been associated with poor obstetric outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature delivery. As such, Q fever is a potentially under-recognised and treatable cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural Northern New South Wales, with testing of Q fever polymerase chain reaction (PCR)—whether on maternal sera or placental tissue—not currently recommended by the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand for Stillbirth.
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Velasco Molpeceres, Ana María. "Las primeras mujeres de letras en España: disidencia, aceptación y olvido = The first women of letters in Spain: disidency, acceptance and forgetfulness." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2019.4573.
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Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del rol de las primeras autoras de España. La lista de escritoras que desarrollaron una obra que fue publicada, leída y admirada (así como también cuestionada) es extensa; pero sus nombres han caído en el olvido. Entre la Antigüedad y el siglo XVI, las mujeres de letras desafiaron las convenciones asociadas a su sexo aunque también se inscribieron en una nueva sociedad que permitió su admiración, a menudo desde el escepticismo. Este texto pretende recuperar a estas escritoras marginales, en el pasado y sobre todo en el presente. Para ello se propone hacer un recorrido biobibliográfico por las primeras autoras españolas y un análisis del contexto histórico en que desarrollaron su labor. Acercarse a las mujeres autoras es un tema interesante porque tradicionalmente, e incluso hoy, se ha cuestionado la capacidad intelectual femenina. Pero el debate sobre el papel de la mujer en la sociedad y acerca de su educación viene igualmente de lejos. En particular, desde la Baja Edad Media, un nuevo sentir cristiano que fomenta la devoción mariana y la cultura de los trovadores y el amor cortés abrieron nuevos caminos para las féminas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar estos fenómenos, y sus ejemplos más destacados, en la España cristiana.Palabras clave: Escritoras, España, Historia de las mujeres, Historia de la literatura.Abstract. The aim of this work is to study the role of Spain’s first female authors. The list of writers who developed a work that was published, read and admired (as well as questioned) is extensive; but their names have fallen into oblivion. Between Antiquity and the 16th century, women of letters defied the conventions associated with their sex although they also joined a new society that allowed their admiration, often from skepticism. This text tries to recover these marginal writers, in the past and especially in the present. In order to do so, it is proposed to make a biobibliographical journey through the first Spanish authors and an analysis of the historical context in which they developed their work. Approaching women authors is an interesting subject because traditionally, and even today, the intellectual capacity of women has been questioned. But the debate about the role of women in society and about their education also comes from afar. In particular, since the Late Middle Ages, a new Christian sentiment that fosters Marian devotion and the culture of troubadours and courteous love opened new paths for women. The aim of this work is to study these phenomena, and their most prominent examples, in Christian Spain.Keywords: Women writers, Spain, History of women, History of literature.
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Grice, Christine. "Interview: Gender Imbalance in the Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i3.4951.
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Following the release of the Auckland Women Lawyers' Association funded research Women's career progression in Auckland law firms: Views from the top, views from below, the Executive Director and past-President of the New Zealand Law Society, Christine Grice, did some research into the situation of women QCs. She explored the issues facing senior women lawyers in an interview with Kathryn Ryan on "Nine to Noon" on 10 March 2014. On 6 June 2014, the 14 new QCs announced, included four women, with the Attorney-General saying: "I am aware there are very talented women in the profession who remain reticent about putting their names forward and I hope to see increasing numbers represented in the future."
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SIVAPRIYA, C., DR S. PREETHA, and S. SUBHASHINI. "Role Of Educational Institutions In Empowerment Of Visually Challenged Graduate Women Students – A Study In Chennai Region." Restaurant Business 118, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i1.7618.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about 62 million visually impaired people in India. Going by this statistic this is quite a huge number which equals to the population of countries like Australia, New Zealand and few other European Countries. This draws to the fact that it is the responsibility of the state and all stake holders of the society to contribute towards the empowerment of the visually impaired.
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Middleton, Peter G., Elisabeth J. Gade, Cristina Aguilera, Lucy MacKillop, Brenda M. Button, Courtney Coleman, Barbara Johnson, et al. "ERS/TSANZ Task Force Statement on the management of reproduction and pregnancy in women with airways diseases." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 1901208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01208-2019.
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This European Respiratory Society/Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand statement outlines a review of the literature and expert opinion concerning the management of reproduction and pregnancy in women with airways diseases: asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. Many women with these diseases are now living into reproductive age, with some developing moderate-to-severe impairment of lung function in early adulthood. The statement covers aspects of fertility, management during pregnancy, effects of drugs, issues during delivery and the post-partum period, and patients’ views about family planning, pregnancy and parenthood. The statement summarises current knowledge and proposes topics for future research, but does not make specific clinical recommendations.
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Zachs, Fruma. "Subversive Voices of Daughters of the Nahḍa: Alice al-Bustani and Riwayat Saʾiba (1891)." Hawwa 9, no. 3 (2011): 332–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x599149.
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Abstract The novel, or more generally, narrative fiction—a new genre of Arabic literature—fuelled the imagination of middle-class youth during the nineteenth-century Arabic nahḍa (awakening), and was thus revolutionary by definition. These narratives were implicit critiques of middle-class society. Although research on earlier novels of the nahḍa authored by men has gradually increased over the last few decades, research on women writers and their novels is still in its infancy. This essay focuses mainly on Riwayat Saʾiba (1891), written by Alice Bustani (1870–1926), daughter of one of the prominent intellectuals of the nahḍa, Butrus al-Bustani (1819–1883). It discusses these novels as social and historical texts, and describes how writing narrative fiction allowed women to express their opinions without excluding themselves from society and its norms. Women challenged male discourse by modifying the plots and messages of their novels, thus proposing alternative discourses and criticizing the existing one. This exploration of women’s writing thus aims to reveal the active voice of daughters of the nahḍa.
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Estévez-Saá, Margarita. "Recent Contributions to the Irish Novel by Sara Baume, Anna Burns and Eleanor O’Reilly: On Language, Words and Wordlessness." Oceánide 13 (February 9, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37668/oceanide.v13i.44.
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The purpose of this contribution is to study three young writers who have offered, in the past three years, in a distinctively new voice, further instances of the Irish writers’ endless ability to experiment with the form of the novel. Sara Baume’s "A Line Made by Walking" (2017), Anna Burns’s "Milkman" (2018), and Eleanor O’Reilly’s "m for mammy" (2019) are three representative instances of the potential of the form of the novel in the hands of Irish women writers. Each of these novels deserve a study in its own due to their complexity and interest, but analysing them together offers us a unique opportunity to assess the thriving state of novel writing in Ireland, especially in the hands of Irish women writers.The three novels object of our study deal with identity crises, and they similarly represent their protagonists as struggling against society and its structures, be it the family, local communities, the world of art, nature or politics. Furthermore, the three authors have been able to devise alternative narrative styles, techniques and even endings that enabled them to render the complexities of the topics dealt with as well as to represent the unstable condition of their protagonists. In addition, Baume, Burns and O’Reilly have significantly chosen as protagonists female characters with artistic or intellectual aspirations who allow the authors to endow their respective narratives with metaliterary meditations on the possibilities as well as limits of language, words and wordlessness.
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Abdel Aziz, Amal Gouda. "Sisterly Bond/Sisters of Agony: A Feminist Reading of Beth Henley’s Crimes of the Heart and Ntozake Shange’s for Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf." English Language and Literature Studies 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n2p52.
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Beth Henley (1952- ) and Ntozake Shange (1948- ) are renowned U.S. women playwrights. Exploring into the feminist insights of these contemporary writers, this paper will attempt to demonstrate that though their most celebrated plays, Crimes of the Heart and for colored girls, display noticeable dissimilarities in the structure, tone and technique, yet they are also characterized by parallel feminist visions with regard to women’s suffering in a predominantly patriarchal society. Both plays revolve around the painful experiences of women who have been subordinated by a male-dominated culture. In their struggle to find new positive images of self, these women endeavor to redefine the meaning of their humanity and to create invigorating images of the future. Rejecting conventions and rising above suffering and silence, they find their redemption in a mystical sense of feminine unity, a sisterly bond of love and care among women to transcend the degenerate forces, which have long subjugated and banished them.
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Kholoussy, Hanan. "Stolen Husbands, Foreign Wives: Mixed Marriage, Identity Formation, and Gender in Colonial Egypt, 1909-1923." Hawwa 1, no. 2 (2003): 206–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920803100420342.
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AbstractThis paper explores the multiple ways in which Egyptian women and men conceptualized mixed marriage between Egyptian men and European women from 1909 to 1923. It argues that mixed marriage in colonial Egypt was a contested site of national identity formation that attracted the growing attention of writers. The debates on mixed marriage provide convincing evidence of the political and cultural anxieties which often underwrote experiments in colonial modernity. I aim to situate mixed marriage—where these anxieties particularly coalesced—as a place in which notions of colonial modernity were produced and reproduced as a condition for the enlightenment and progress of the Egyptian nation and its citizens, most notably its women. As the sources make clear, tensions about marriage between Egyptian men and European women evolved out of the particular circumstances of the British occupation. These anxieties coalesced particularly in critiques that often portrayed mixed marriage as endangering the marital futures of Egyptian women, and the political and cultural identities of mixed marriage offspring, the family, and the Egyptian nation by extension. An analysis of these debates will reveal that mixed marriage was often portrayed as an impediment—and sometimes as a facilitator—to Egypt's path of modernity. I argue that these writers used mixed marriage to critique Egyptian men's and women's gendered roles as fathers, husbands, mothers, and wives. In doing so, they aimed to construct a new vision of the family and society as sites of modernity where the Egyptian colony could reform and prove to be 'modern' and, thus, worthy of political independence.
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Winship, Amy, Jacqueline Donoghue, Brendan J. Houston, Jacinta H. Martin, Tessa Lord, Alaknanda Adwal, Macarena Gonzalez, et al. "Reproductive health research in Australia and New Zealand: highlights from the Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology, 2019." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 7 (2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd19449.
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The 2019 meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) provided a platform for the dissemination of new knowledge and innovations to improve reproductive health in humans, enhance animal breeding efficiency and understand the effect of the environment on reproductive processes. The effects of environment and lifestyle on fertility and animal behaviour are emerging as the most important modern issues facing reproductive health. Here, we summarise key highlights from recent work on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and diet- and lifestyle-induced metabolic changes and how these factors affect reproduction. This is particularly important to discuss in the context of potential effects on the reproductive potential that may be imparted to future generations of humans and animals. In addition to key summaries of new work in the male and female reproductive tract and on the health of the placenta, for the first time the SRB meeting included a workshop on endometriosis. This was an important opportunity for researchers, healthcare professionals and patient advocates to unite and provide critical updates on efforts to reduce the effect of this chronic disease and to improve the welfare of the women it affects. These new findings and directions are captured in this review.
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Bishara, Hanan. "Lesbianism as Another Alternative for the Other: A Punishment or an Escape? The Saudi Novel "al-Akharun/The Others" as a Sample." Al-Raida Journal 43, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32380/alrj.v43i1.1747.
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World Literature has witnessed the appearance of many novels that focus on the physical experiences of the “body” and deal with sexual themes. In their historical context, these novels represent a protest against the social moral values and search for alternatives. Among these novels are Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Anna Karenina, and Madame Bovary. In Arabic literature, the Egyptian writer Ihsan Abd al-Qudous laid the foundation for this type of novel. Literature has developed through breaking the barrier of taboos and adopting different forms. One of the controversial issues, whose red lines literature has crossed, is the issue of sex, which exists in every human relationship between males and females. The Arabic novel has addressed sexual taboos and dealt with them as an adventure still in its initial stages despite numerous significant contributions that have appeared in the 20th century. Recently, Saudi Arabian women writers have broken various taboos and dealt with the problems that they confront as women in the Kingdom by employing the themes of sex, the body, and other taboo issues. Some critics accused these writers of trying to draw attention to themselves by exploiting these subjects to increase their readership. In fact, these novelists have exposed new phenomena in conservative Saudi society and broken the stereotypical image of conservative Saudi women. This study deals with Saba al-Herz’ novel al-Akharun/The Others as a sample of these novels.
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Smith, Shirley. "Preface: My Life in the Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i3.4955.
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This article is an autobiographical account of the author's life in the law. The author's father, a barrister, did not initially approve of her being a lawyer. The author was inspired to take up a career in law later in life after having completed a Classics degree. The author describes the discrimination she faced as a woman in the law and challenged the policies of the Wellington District Law Society and New Zealand Law Society that did not allow women to attend. She also discusses her time as an academic at Victoria University of Wellington Faculty of Law, as well as being an accomplished sole practitioner.
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McIntosh, Alison, and Cheryl Cockburn-Wooten. "How hospitable is Aotearoa New Zealand to refugees?" Hospitality Insights 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v4i1.71.
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Following the tragic events of the Christchurch shooting on 15th March 2019, New Zealanders projected a national image of hospitality towards Muslim New Zealanders, involving an Islamic call to prayer in Parliament, and women wearing hijab in solidarity – unique public demonstrations of compassion and inclusion. In 2020, the New Zealand government will raise its refugee quota to 1,500 refugees per year as part of its United Nations obligations and remove its race-based aspects [1]. Globally, there are vast displacements of people fleeing persecution and economic oppression [2]. Arguably, despite its small refugee resettlement quota, New Zealand appears hospitable. Yet our study reveals a context within which negative economic, social and political factors dominate policy and practices. It similarly highlights ways in which New Zealand’s hospitality towards refugees is paternalistic and interventionist, even if not deliberately [3].
‘Being hospitable’ is typically defined as a social relation that accompanies the ideologies and unconditional practices of ‘welcome’ [4]. As an act of welcome, hospitality gives ethical recognition to the stranger. This practice of hospitality enables and resonates a feeling of belonging and inclusion. However, the intrinsic nature of hospitality may foster exclusion as well as inclusion. The Christchurch incident arose from an act of unwelcome and a false sense of security from authorities as previous discrimination reported by the local refugee Muslim community was ignored. As such, key questions remain about how hospitable New Zealand is to refugees.
When refugees are resettled into a destination, refugee-focused service providers (including not-for-profits, community groups and NGOs) offer frontline services to ease refugees’ experiences of trauma and marginalisation. They provide advocacy and welcome through reception processes, translation services and multicultural centres. We facilitated a national think tank attended by 34 refugee-focused service providers to examine how they practice a hospitable welcome through their advocacy and frontline services and how the welcome could be improved.
Participants identified the need for greater collaboration and communication between refugee-focused service providers to enhance trust, relationships, to enable former refugees to feel safe in voicing their concerns and access services, and to reduce the competition and duplication of service provision in the face of scarce funding. They also recognised the need to increase attention to the notion of welcome and advocacy by adopting practices from non-interventionist actions that draw on the notion of welcome as empathetic, warm and connecting, with minimum rules, and to centre refugee voices with their active participation in policy development, service delivery and social inclusion activities. Participants also advocated continued efforts by the media and wider community to reduce discrimination and negative social dialogue around refugees and to encourage their social inclusion. To achieve these outcomes, participants raised the need to address the important issues of underfunding and strategy underpinning the delivery of refugee-focused service provision.
Overall, our findings suggest that beneath the initial welcoming surface, an alternative perspective may be concealed that restricts us from providing a broader inclusive hospitality and welcome into Aotearoa New Zealand. To bridge this potential impasse, a more humanistic approach is potentially required, where refugees actively co-create the critical framing of hospitality [5, 6] to better support their resettlement.
The original research on which this article is based is available here https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1472243
Corresponding author
Alison McIntosh can be contacted at: alison.mcintosh@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Graham-McLay, C. Under Pressure, New Zealand Ends Policy Branded Racist. The New York Times, Oct 4, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/asia/jacinda-ardern-refugees-new-zealand.html?fbclid=IwAR0JYwr7Fl31gtQ9qXS0XTTLXyNkTXSC9DBWot0Mf0UtQLp9EXTBKTmqcBk (accessed Oct 20, 2019).
(2) Goldin, I.; Cameron, G.; Balarajan, M. Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped our World and will Define our Future; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 2012.
(3) McIntosh, A.; Cockburn-Wootten, C. Refugee-Focused Service Providers: Improving the Welcome in New Zealand. The Service Industries Journal 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1472243.
(4). Lynch, P.; Germann Molz, J.; McIntosh, A.; Lugosi, P.; Lashley, C. Theorizing Hospitality. Hospitality & Society 2011, 1 (1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1386/hosp.1.1.3_2
(5) Still, J. Derrida and Hospitality: Theory and Practice; Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, 2010.
(6) Brebner, L.; McIntosh, A.; Ewazi, S.; van Veen, M. Eds. Tastes of Home; Auckland University of Technology: Auckland, 2018.
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Bhabad, P. R. "Native Feminism in the Globalized Indian English Novel." Feminist Research 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.17010105.
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Fictional medium is really very useful to know reality of society. Literature and visual art used realistically to depict several methods in which perfect description of feminism is the aim. The novel is depiction of day to day life, custom and the woman is portrayed as the key figure of Indian families and at the same time, she has been projected as the subject of suffering domestic slavery and suppression. Native feminism in India is not as aggressive as feminism in the West. Patriarchy is another name of native feminism reflected in the novels; through self-realization, it is expected that the woman can emerge as a new woman. The social realist writers have been very much interested in recording social changes and the status of women. Industrialization, urbanization and globalization have brought considerable changes in social life and status of women in India. Position of educated women is quite better than illiterate but gender discrimination still persists. To face all hurdles of their life the next generation women very boldly and intelligently achieve their aims to get their identity.
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Moradi, Maryam, and Fatemeh AzizMohammadi. "Althusserian Reading of The Handmaid’s Tale." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 49 (March 2015): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.49.83.
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Louis Althusser (1918-1990) builds on the work of Jacques Lacan to understand the way ideology functions in society. He thus moves away from the earlier Marxist understanding of ideology. In the earlier model, ideology was believed to create what was termed ‘false consciousness’, a false understanding of the way the world functioned. Althusser explains that for Marx “Ideology is [...] thought as an imaginary construction whose status is exactly like the theoretical status of the dream among writers before Freud. For those writers, the dream was the purely imaginary, i.e. null, result of the 'day's residues” (1971:108). Althusser, by contrast, approximates ideology to Lacan's understanding of reality, the world we construct around us after our entrance into the symbolic order. For Althusser, as for Lacan, it is impossible to access the real conditions of existence due to our reliance on language. This could be seen throughout the novel by Margaret Atwood who writes The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) based on the concept of ideology. This is about how the heroine of the story and other women in the society are manipulated by the ideology of ruling class through a communist society. In such a world nothing is real and everything is just an illusion that is made by ruling class. The subjects trapped or forced to believe such misconceptions and unreality through different techniques that are employed by the rulers. The dominant forces and ideology are so strong that the subject at the end gets a new identity since she is required unconsciously without her knowing. The other aspect shown by this novel is the failure of revolution and communism in this society and persistence of capitalism that it never disappears.
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Morison, Tracy, and Sarah Herbert. "Muted resistance: The deployment of youth voice in news coverage of young women’s sexuality in Aotearoa New Zealand." Feminism & Psychology 30, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353519864376.
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Youth sexuality is typically constructed as a social problem, and associated with a range of negative consequences for larger society and for young people themselves – especially young women. The media play a role in perpetuating this dominant construction, but may also offer a space for resistance. In this article, mainstream news media reportage on youth sexual and reproductive issues in Aotearoa (New Zealand) is discursively analysed to identify instances of resistance to oppressive discourses. Taking a feminist poststructuralist perspective, the aim is to connect news reporting, as a representational practice, with broader relations of power. The focus of the analysis, therefore, is on whether and how young people are allowed a voice in news reportage, and to what effect their voices are deployed. The analysis demonstrates not only that youth voice is relatively muted in comparison to experts, but also that it is frequently used to reinforce the dominant constructions of youth sexuality (as problematic and risky). Yet, instances of resistance are also evident. These are assessed in relation to their impact on gender power relations, and possibilities for amplifying resistance are discussed.
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Mohamed Ali, Halimah. "Searching New Paradigms of Malay Women: What We Can Learn from Literature?" Malay Literature 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.28(1)no5.
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Paradigms according to science and epistemology describe distinct concepts of thought patterns. For the purpose of this paper we have to understand gender paradigm. According to Gamble, a paradigm is a belief structure about the ways men and women should act and the roles they should perform. The Malaysian gender paradigm is very much controlled by religion and culture. The paradigm has shifted through time, but is the shift significant? Basically the Malay woman in Malaysia is controlled by culture and Islam. These are two prominent factors that influence her life and her interaction with fellow women, men and society. The paradigm used to be that women were weak, not as smart as men, could not lead, and were destined to be homemakers even if they were educated. An old saying goes, a woman’s place is in the kitchen, no matter how highly educated she is. This paradigm has not been challenged by women, especially by romance novel writers as will be discussed in this paper. This paper analyses two Malay novels, Tak Seindah Mimpi by Sharifah Abu Salem and Adam dan Hawa by Aisya Sofea, and looks at how the gender paradigm is portrayed vis-à-vis these two novels using the feminist theory. Keywords: new paradigm, Malay woman, romance novel, feminist theory, gender role Abstrak Paradigma berdasarkan sains dan epistemologi menerangkan konsep pemikiran tertentu. Dalam kajian ini yang perlu difahami ialah paradigma gender. Menurut Gamble, paradigma ialah struktur kepercayaan mengenai cara lelaki dan wanita sepatutnya bertindak, dan peranan yang harus mereka laksanakan. Paradigma gender di Malaysia amat dikawal oleh agama dan budaya. Paradigma ini mengalami perubahan dengan berlalunya masa, tetapi adakah peralihannya signifikan? Pada dasarnya dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi interaksi antara sesama wanita, dengan lelaki dan masyarakat. Paradigma lama menampilkan wanita bersifat lemah, tidak sebijak lelaki, tidak boleh memimpin, dan telah ditentukan sebagai suri rumah meskipun mereka berpelajaran. Pesan orang tua-tua, walau setinggi mana pelajaran seseorang wanita itu, tempatnya masih di dapur. Paradigma ini dicabar oleh wanita terutamanya penulis novel roman yang akan dibincangkan dalam makalah ini. Makalah ini menganalisis dua novel Melayu, Tak Seindah Mimpi oleh Sharifah Abu Salem dan Adam dan Hawa oleh Aisya Sofea. Tumpuan penelitian terhadap paradigm gender yang dipaparkan dalam kedua-dua novel ini menggunakan teori feminis. Kata kunci: paradigma baharu, wanita Melayu, novel roman, teori feminis, peranan gender
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Byrd, Mark, and Trudy Breuss. "Perceptions of Sociological and Psychological Age Norms by Young, Middle-Aged, and Elderly New Zealanders." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 34, no. 2 (March 1992): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/g0u2-qgap-5036-ph9l.
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Groups of young, middle-aged, and elderly New Zealand men and women were surveyed as to their opinions concerning the correct age at which to attain various milestones in life (e.g., get married, retire, become a grandparent, or to manifest various personality traits (e.g., be ambitious, have a sense of life satisfaction, be self-concerned). In general, it was found there was considerable agreement as to when a person should attain the milestones of life. There was little agreement about the correct age at which to manifest certain personality traits. This was taken to indicate that society provides its members with a set of expectations, or age norms, about when to achieve life goals. Society does not, however, seem to provide the same standards for how one should feel when achieving these goals. The greatest amount of variability of opinion for when one should manifest these personality traits was seen in the responses of the middle-aged individuals. This was taken to indicate that middle-age is a particularly ill-defined phase of life and subject to much individual interpretation as to what personal characteristics one should use to define middle-age.
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Abbasova, Sadagat. "THE CHARACTERISTICS AND APPROACHES OF IMMANENCE CRITICISM IN DORIS LESSING’S NOVEL OF “THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK”." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/6-10.
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Unlike the XIX century, literary culture of the XX century made a strong aesthetic leap in women’s identity. This process has caused to the emergence of a large number of new generation women writers in world literature and moreover, these writers had succeeded in revealing a real and contemporary literary phenomenon, such as “immanence- immanentism” which is focused on female landscapes in their stories and novels. In general, the works of “immanence” authors have a feminist background. As a doctrine, imamnence is used to explain the connection with the spiritual world, which is confirmed by some philosophical and metaphysical theories and critics. But later, immanence was replaced by Kant as a philosophical concept, and this awareness began to include a philosophical disposition perceived by the senses on the basis of personal experience. Lessing, who donated many works to world culture, created a portrait of the physical and spiritual characteristics of people (especially women) with her strong logic and talent in all her stories and novels and tried to explain in detail the special feelings that exist in them. With the help of this concept, Lessing aimed not only to represent the love experiences and emotional vibrations of women in her novels, but also to present a strong and courageous woman in a socio-cultural and political context, unlike female literature. In this paper is discussed, the feature elements of immanent culture in Doris Lessing’s novel in (“The Golden Notebook”). In the novel, Lessing interprets the classic drama of a woman of art who is free ones like as herself and in their examples, examines the potential and profiles of creative women seeking their place in social society. In her works, Doris Lessing reproduces the female perspective in the universe by thinking from the prism of immanentism and pays particular attention to the psychology of female characters and the identification of their inner states of heroes. Based on all of these, the author also refers to the expanding principle of women sovereignty regarding the rights and the status of women in society. At the same time, Lessing also explores the possibility of a relationship based on the concept of mundane reality as an alternative to romantic love parodies of postmodernism, and with this in mind, she erects a “protective wall” against the expansion of the “Western world” in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Key words: existence, immanence, Sufism, "The Golden Notebook", socio-cultural
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Rashid, Nazia, and Dr Anshu Raj Purohit. "Exploitation and Subjugation of Women in ‘The Dark Holds no Terrors’." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, no. 3 (July 2021): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1307.
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Shashi Deshpande has been the champion of the disquietude and struggles of women. Her works, very indisputably depict the various roles of women in their life as a wife, a mother, a sister, a daughter, , a daughter-in-law and so on. Her works can’t be called directly feminist since her works are not against man; in fact, her novel depicts the dilemma of the new educated modern working women in the traditional Indian society. This present paper attempts to critically analyse the selected novel of Shashi Deshpande _The Dark Holds No Terrors. The focus of the paper is to present why women are no longer afraid of darkness and why women are really oppressed in the society. Women, for ages altogether, have been subjected to exploitation and suppression; their lives have been spent in the darkness and thus, they are not afraid of darkness instead they feel comfort in the dark and even they feel estranged from others due to suppression by the patriarchal society. The study also attempts to highlight the fact that women are denied rights not only because of the circumstances but also because women themselves suppress other women and use men as instruments. The Dark Holds No Terrors is the story of Sarita, often referred to as Saru in the novel, and her disruptions and conflicts. The novel reveals the life of Sarita who is always neglected and ignored in favour of her brother. She is not given any heed-no parental love is shown upon her even on her birthdays. Her brother’s birthdays, however, are celebrated with full enthusiasm including the performance of the religious rituals. When her brother is drowned, she is blamed for it. Feminine sensibility is an appealing quality in literature. Almost all the writers in India express and expose this quality in their writings. The renowned novelist Shashi Deshpande is no exception in portraying this aspect in her novels. In this study, an attempt is made to study Shashi Deshpande’s women protagonists as portrayed in her novels, with a view to understand and appreciate their trials and tribulations under the impact of the conflicting influence of tradition and modernity. It critically analyses their response to the emerging situation in life so as to fit themselves in the contemporary society. The study considers the problems of her characters which have had to contend with the given situation.
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Higgins, Debs, Kathy Manhire, and Bob Marshall. "Prevalence of intimate partner violence disclosed during routine screening in a large general practice." Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 2 (2015): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15102.
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INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence in its myriad shapes and forms is a crime affecting every level of society. Gaining a true understanding of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimology allows for the meaningful provision of intervention services. AIM: To explore the prevalence of IPV disclosure during routine screening in a large general practice in provincial New Zealand. METHODS: Data were collected from 13 October 2008 to 30 June 2014 from 6827 individuals screened for IPV on 10 062 occasions and were analysed relative to age, ethnicity, gender, screening outcome, screener and health centre enrolled status. RESULTS: Analysis indicated an overall ever-positive disclosure rate of IPV of 11.1%, lower than New Zealand studies that place ever-positive prevalence as high as 78%. Maori women disclosed an ever-positive rate of 21.6%, Pacific women 13.2%, compared to 8.9% for NZ European/Other women. Casual patients positively disclosed in 13.7% of instances as opposed to enrolled patients in 10.5%. Disclosure of past abuse was made 1.3 times more often than that of a current abusive situation. Those aged between 16 and 65 years disclosed an ever-positive rate =10%. While nurses screened 5.5 times more patients than doctors, the doctors facilitated a higher percentage of positive disclosures than the nurses. DISCUSSION: Disclosure rates from a general practice setting do not mirror those of population studies or administrative datasets due to differences in samples and data collection methods. Routine annual screening is effective, with both doctors and nurses providing support for approximately equal numbers of patients in immediate danger. KEYWORDS: Disclosure; domestic violence; ethnic groups; general practice; women
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Handley, Heather K., Jess Hillman, Melanie Finch, Teresa Ubide, Sarah Kachovich, Sandra McLaren, Anna Petts, Jemma Purandare, April Foote, and Caroline Tiddy. "In Australasia, gender is still on the agenda in geosciences." Advances in Geosciences 53 (September 24, 2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-205-2020.
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Abstract. Diversity and inclusion in the workplace optimise performance through the input of a range of perspectives and approaches that drive innovation and invention. However, gender inequity is prevalent throughout society and females remain underrepresented in geoscience careers. This study provides the current status of gender equity in geosciences throughout Australasia within the context of broader gender equity policy, frameworks and initiatives and suggests additional solutions and opportunities to improve gender equity and the retention of women in the geoscience workforce. At an individual institutional level in academia, females make up between 23 %–52 % of the total geoscience departmental or school staff in Australia, 26 %–39 % of the total staff in New Zealand, 29 % of total staff at the University of Papua New Guinea and 18 % at the University of the South Pacific. Significant gender imbalance exists at more senior levels, with disproportionately more males than females, a pattern typical of many Science Technology Engineering and Maths (STEM) disciplines. Gender inequity is prevalent within the general membership, committee roles and in award recipients of Australasian geoscience professional associations. Within the Geological Society of Australia and Geoscience Society of New Zealand, only 4 % (n=47) and 18 % (n=161), respectively of past award recipients for national and general awards were female. All past awards considered in this study that are named in honour of a person were named in honour of a man (n=9). In recent years, women-focused networks have begun to play an invaluable role to support the retention and promotion of women in geosciences and provide a supportive mentoring environment to discuss challenges and share advice. The improved visibility of women in the geoscientific community is an ongoing issue that can in part be addressed through the development of public databases of women geoscientists. These provide a list of women geoscientists that encourages and supports the achievement of gender balance of invited talks, job shortlisting and on panels, as well as in the media. This work highlights that more must be done to actively reduce and eliminate sexual harassment and assault in university and field environments. We emphasise that particular efforts are required to make geoscience careers more inclusive and safer, through the establishment of specific codes of conduct for field trips. Shared learning of best practices from evidence-based approaches and innovative solutions will also be of value in creating positive change. Greater engagement from the wider geoscientific community, and society in general, is required for the success of gender equity initiatives. Identified solutions and opportunities must target all levels of education and career development. Additional data in future should be collected to look beyond gender to monitor and assess intersectionality. Improved efforts to understand why women leave STEM careers will help to address the “leaky pipeline” and determine the initiatives that will be most effective in creating long term sustainable change.
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Ghane, Fateme, and Amir Ali Nojoumian. "Modern Iranian Female Identity in Farhad Hassanzadeh's Hasti." International Research in Children's Literature 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2021.0398.
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Iranian women's first attempt at changing their social conditions dates back to the Qajar era, continuing up to the present time. In recent years, the traditional discourse on women in Iran has changed significantly, resulting in ongoing revisions concerning modern Iranian female gender identity. Yet, this new conception of identity has not been reflected in official Iranian media. Similarly, children's books usually depict women and girls mostly within pre-established ideological frameworks. However, a seminal publication project acted as a game-changer in 2010. ‘Today's Young Adult Fiction’, commissioned by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults, invited many children's and adolescents' novelists to contribute to a collection of novels with a new outlook. Among the published books, some writers narrated women's issues and struggles in the guise of young adult literature. Hasti (2013), a novel by Farhad Hassanzadeh, comes from this project, emerging as an exemplar of protest against gender stereotypes. We argue that Hassanzadeh's book has been influenced by radical changes in gender identity in Iran's recent years, and in turn, this novel, among other literary and artistic works, may raise awareness and affect the process of change in Iranian society.
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Price, Sally. "Maroon Fashion History." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 94, no. 1-2 (June 3, 2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09401050.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fashion has long been a dynamic aspect of Maroon culture in Suriname and French Guiana (Guyane). The textile arts that carry it through from one generation to the next were totally ignored by early writers, who lavished praise on the men’s art of woodcarving but said virtually nothing about the artistic gifts of women—most importantly in calabash carving (referred to by one of them as “doodling”) and clothing. This article, based on more than fifty years of ethnographic work with Maroons, focuses on textile arts and clothing fashions, running briefly through styles of the past before focusing on current directions. Today, with Maroons participating increasingly in life beyond the traditional villages of the rain forest, the women—like their mothers and grandmothers—have continued to enjoy adopting newly available materials and inventing novel techniques. In the process, they have been producing clothing that reflects both their cultural heritage of innovative artistry and their new place in the multicultural, commoditized society of the coast. The illustrations give an opening hint of the remarkable vibrancy of this aspect of Maroon life in the twenty-first century.
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Warońska, Joanna. "Kobiecość a płeć żeńska. Komediopisarki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego wobec dyskursu emancypacyjnego." Wielogłos, no. 2 (44) (2020): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.20.013.12404.
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Femininity and the Female Gender: Female Comedy Writers of the Interwar Period in Relation to the Emancipation Discourse The article presents an analysis of selected interwar comedies written by women – Marcelina Grabowska, Maria Morozowicz-Szczepkowska, Maria Pawlikowska- -Jasnorzewska and Magdalena Samozwaniec – and dealing with issues related to the emancipation discourse: motherhood, abortion, shaping a new female role model, and relationships in women’s groups. The heroines of those plays, increasingly liberated and self-aware, demanded the rights traditionally assigned to men, while trying to free themselves from widespread stereotypes. The authors of the dramatic works used various comedic techniques and traditions: satirical, ludic, or Young Poland’s “black comedy.” Comedy influenced the construction of the depicted world and its individual elements as well as the linguistic forms. The amusing heroines became negative characters, going beyond the limits of femininity accepted by the society or postulated by the authors, and their awkwardness evoked compassion in the audience or revealed the malfunctioning of social institutions.
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Warońska, Joanna. "Kobiecość a płeć żeńska. Komediopisarki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego wobec dyskursu emancypacyjnego." Wielogłos, no. 2 (44) (2020): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.20.013.12404.
Full textAbstract:
Femininity and the Female Gender: Female Comedy Writers of the Interwar Period in Relation to the Emancipation Discourse The article presents an analysis of selected interwar comedies written by women – Marcelina Grabowska, Maria Morozowicz-Szczepkowska, Maria Pawlikowska- -Jasnorzewska and Magdalena Samozwaniec – and dealing with issues related to the emancipation discourse: motherhood, abortion, shaping a new female role model, and relationships in women’s groups. The heroines of those plays, increasingly liberated and self-aware, demanded the rights traditionally assigned to men, while trying to free themselves from widespread stereotypes. The authors of the dramatic works used various comedic techniques and traditions: satirical, ludic, or Young Poland’s “black comedy.” Comedy influenced the construction of the depicted world and its individual elements as well as the linguistic forms. The amusing heroines became negative characters, going beyond the limits of femininity accepted by the society or postulated by the authors, and their awkwardness evoked compassion in the audience or revealed the malfunctioning of social institutions.
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Tsakiridis, Ioannis, Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Artemis Christina Oikonomidou, Themistoklis Dagklis, and Michail Chourdakis. "Exercise during pregnancy: a comparative review of guidelines." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 6 (July 28, 2020): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0419.
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AbstractExercise during pregnancy may be beneficial provided that there are no contraindications. The aim of this study was to summarize and compare recommendations regarding exercise in pregnancy. Thus, a comparative descriptive review was conducted and included guidelines by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. All compared guidelines recommend that pregnant women without contraindications should undertake physical activities regularly, however, the type of workout performed should be adjusted based on the previous exercise experience and the physical condition of each pregnant woman. A variation among the reviewed guidelines was identified on appropriate and inappropriate activities and on indications to interrupt exercise. To summarize, the adoption of an international up-to-date consensus regarding appropriate exercise during pregnancy may be beneficial in ensuring the safety of the pregnant women while promoting their physical and mental health.
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Eyvazi, Mojgan, Mohsen Momen, and Homa Poorkaramali. "A Study of Selected Works of Iranian Female Novelists Based on Elaine Showalter’s Gynocriticism." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.211.
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Iranian literature, like other literary works throughout the world, follows the social issues in society and attempt to depict them. One of such issues is portraying women position in the society. The present study focuses on three different novels by Iranian female writers to show three stages of female writing development in them based on Elain Showalter’s theory of gynocriticism: Feminine stage which is represented through concepts like home, immovability, consumption, reading, house chores, dependence and past, feminist stage dealing with concepts like mobility, production, independence and future, and female stage that presents a new awareness of women consciousness. The chosen works are: Hangover Dawn (1995) by Fataneh Haj Sejed Javadi that portrays the tragic life of a woman who insisted on marrying a person who is not a suitable match for her. The author has shown the pains that this woman has to suffer because of her wrong choice in patriarchal society. The next novel is titled Don’t Worry (2008) by Mahsa Moheb Ali which deals with the life of an addicted girl named Shadi. She is the main character whose life is corrupted by family issues. Shadi wanders throughout the streets to find drug and ironically herself. My Bird (2002) by Fariba Vafi shows the life of an anonymous married woman who is stuck in her matrimonial life. The woman is neglected and cheated by her own husband. However, gradually she can come to a realization of her own self as a woman and redefines her own role. Having analyzed these three stories, it can be said that these three chosen novels match Showalter’s model of female writing development. It can be concluded that Hangover Dawn follows the first stage – feminine stage - Don’t Worry follows the second stage – feminist stage – and My Bird follows the third stage – female stage – that Showalter has proposed.