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Journal articles on the topic 'New Zealand Women'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Eden, Shelley, and Prue Cruickshank. "New Zealand women entrepreneurs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 1, no. 3/4 (2004): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2004.005656.

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2

Deckert, Antje. "Indigeneity matters: Portrayal of women offenders in New Zealand newspapers." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 16, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659019873771.

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A growing body of research investigates women’s experiences within New Zealand’s criminal justice system, and several studies have addressed the misrepresentation of crime’s reality in news media. However, the discriminatory depiction of Indigenous women offenders in New Zealand’s press has yet to receive scholarly attention. Indigeneity and gender are both critical factors because Māori women constitute the fastest growing segment of New Zealand’s prison population, and media discourses help shape public consent to penal policies. To address this research gap, New Zealand newspaper articles featuring women offenders were collected over a 2-year period (2016–2018) and analysed for their use of neutralization and exacerbation techniques. The findings reveal that New Zealand newspapers distort our understanding of who is most affected by the criminal justice system and what crimes Pākehā1 and Māori women typically commit. Most importantly, stories about Pākehā women were more likely to use a favourable tone (56.5%), while stories about Māori women were more likely to take on an unfavourable tone (83.3%). Finally, motherhood, as an additional exacerbating factor, was mentioned nearly twice as often for Māori women. This article adds to the body of knowledge on the portrayal of Māori people in the media, linking it to public consent to governmental policies.

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3

Modra, Lucy, David Pilcher, Michael Bailey, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Sex differences in intensive care unit admissions in Australia and New Zealand." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.1.oa8.

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Introduction: Fewer women than men are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Objectives: To quantify the relative contribution of each major diagnostic category to the overall sex balance in ICU admissions in Australia and New Zealand, and to describe changes in the sex balance over time and with patient age. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of Australian and New Zealand ICU admissions recorded in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database between 2005 and 2018. Multivariate logistic regression for the likelihood of female admission considered key explanatory variables: diagnostic category, patient age, admission year, geographic region, hospital type, and planned versus unplanned ICU admission. Results: Overall, 42.3% of 1 616 856 Australian and New Zealand ICU patients were women (99% CI, 42.2–42.4%). 247 988 more men than women were admitted to an ICU during the 14-year study period. There was a sex imbalance in most diagnostic categories: less than 48% women in 15 of 23 diagnostic categories, and greater than 52% women in four diagnostic categories (P < 0.001). Admissions following cardiovascular surgery accounted for over half of the total sex imbalance. The percentage of ICU patients who are women increased linearly from 40.8% in 2005 to 43.6% in 2018 (R2 = 93.1%; P < 0.001). Compared with admission in 2005, the adjusted odds ratio for female admission in 2018 was 1.03 (99% CI, 1.01–1.06). Conclusion: There is a significant sex imbalance in ICU admissions in Australia and New Zealand, widespread across the diagnostic categories. Cardiovascular admissions contribute most to the observed preponderance of men. The proportion of female ICU patients is steadily increasing.

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4

Bradbury, Bettina. "A History of New Zealand Women." Australian Historical Studies 48, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1273041.

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5

Pio, Edwina. "Indian women entrepreneurs in New Zealand." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 1, no. 3 (2007): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2007.015053.

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6

Romans-Clarkson, Sarah E., Valerie A. Walton, G. Peter Herbison, and Paul E. Mullen. "Alcohol-Related Problems in New Zealand Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072025.

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As total alcohol consumption has increased this half century in most developed countries, alcohol-related problems have become more frequent. Most research has either studied only men or failed to mention gender. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol problems and their socio-demographic associations in a random sample of New Zealand women. Women of younger age, who were unmarried, well educated, in employment, with child care support and who lived in rural communities saw themselves as having more problems with alcohol. Women who had experienced physical or sexual abuse as adults had increased rates of alcohol problems as did those with more psychiatric morbidity as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire and the short Present State Examination. However, women with multiple social roles, particularly caring responsibilities, were less likely than women with one or two social roles to view themselves as having alcohol problems. The data provided no support for the role strain hypothesis of alcohol abuse. It is argued that the findings support a social explanation for alcohol problems based on varying social sanctions on drinking and alcohol availability rather than a psychoanalytic one of unconscious conflicts over femininity, sexuality or female social roles.

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7

Curtin, Jennifer. "Women and Political Science in New Zealand." Political Science 65, no. 1 (June 2013): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032318713484922.

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8

Daley, Caroline. "Breadwinning: new zealand women and the state." Women's History Review 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020100200597.

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9

Bailey, Janis, and Melanie Nolan. "Breadwinning: New Zealand Women and the State." Labour History, no. 84 (2003): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27515911.

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10

Campbell, Ian D., Nina Scott, Sanjeewa Seneviratne, James Kollias, David Walters, Corey Taylor, Fleur Webster, Helen Zorbas, and David M. Roder. "Breast cancer survival in New Zealand women." ANZ Journal of Surgery 85, no. 7-8 (September 29, 2014): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.12851.

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11

Middleton, Julie. "A fair go for Pacific women role models." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i1.935.

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Pasifika women are the backbones of their communities in the islands and in New Zealand, But so often, in New Zealand as in their homelands, their contributions and opinions have been invisble or under-documented... This book, then, is welcome. The author, New Zealand-born television journalist Sandra Kailahi, who describes herself as being Tongan and New Zealand descent, is a Fair Go staffer who formerly worked at Tagata Pasifika. This is her first book.

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12

Reilly, Amanda. "Māori Women, Discrimination and Paid Work: The Need for an Intersectional Approach." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 50, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v50i2.5748.

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New Zealand has been at the forefront of labour regulation and views itself as a leader in the field of human rights. However, this article focuses on an area where the law is underdeveloped. It argues that the ongoing socio-economic inequality of Māori women is inconsistent with social justice, New Zealand's international human rights obligations and the Treaty of Waitangi. Improving access to paid work could help to address this, but the law does not adequately address the intersectional discrimination – discrimination on multiple grounds – that Māori women and others experience. New Zealand discrimination law, in both the human rights and employment jurisdictions, is largely comparator-based which is inherently flawed as a mechanism for addressing intersectional discrimination. Moreover, the law is poorly understood and weakly enforced. New Zealand also has limited affirmative action provisions; no quotas or targets are set with regards to improving the access to paid work of Māori women and very few New Zealand employers are required to report on matters pertaining to gender equality. The article concludes that the impact of intersectional discrimination on Māori women (and others) must be recognised and addressed and that a range of options is available to do this, if the political will were present.

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Haldane, Hillary. "Varying Perspectives on the Treatment of Domestic Violence in New Zealand." Practicing Anthropology 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.30.3.r1p64822x9430589.

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Women's refuges have existed in New Zealand since 1973 and today over two hundred various community and national level organizations work with victims and perpetrators of domestic violence, sexual assault, elder abuse, and child endangerment. New Zealand service providers and government officials view their work in the area of violence against women as part of an international effort with an obligation to uphold the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, or CEDAW as it is widely known, a treaty ratified by the country in 1985. While there is considerable governmental and nongovernmental support for those whose lives are touched by violence, there is also considerable tension over how to best design and deliver the services to those who need them. New Zealand is a diverse nation with a large indigenous population and growing Pasifika and Asian communities. Many of the recent debates center on how to best design programs for a multicultural population while still privileging the rights of the indigenous Maori. New Zealand's experience in addressing violence against women illustrates the disjunction between transnational discourses of violence against women, and the proposed international solutions to the problem, and the local efforts to help survivors from diverse cultural backgrounds. First, I will provide a brief description of how services are designed and delivered in New Zealand. Second, I will outline the main philosophical disagreements found among social service providers. Third, I discuss why research on the front-line has the potential to tell us a great deal about the limits of international treaties and enhance our response to violence against women.

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14

McCulloch, Alison, and Ann Weatherall. "The fragility of de facto abortion on demand in New Zealand Aotearoa." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353516679432.

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On the whole, women in New Zealand have good access to safe and affordable means to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Although seemingly ideal, the current situation is a fragile one. Under current legislation, abortion is criminalised and legal access to it relies on gaining the approval of two certifying consultant physicians. In this report, we provide an historical overview of the social and political influences shaping New Zealand’s current approach to abortion, considering the consequences of having abortion governed by criminal law. The situation in New Zealand is used to support a proposal that a pragmatic liberal feminist approach to abortion is best for women where it is a medical matter rather than a legal or moral one.

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15

M, Ofanoa. "Hear Our Voices: Experiences of Family Planning Services by Tongan Women in South Auckland, New Zealand." Nursing & Healthcare International Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nhij-16000257.

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Access to family planning services have been widely accepted worldwide as a basic human right. However, findings from a study that involved 12 Tongan females in South Auckland, New Zealand reported that Pacific women were less likely to use available family planning services due to cultural taboo and sensitive reasons. This becomes a breach of basic human rights especially as Pacific women (including Tongan) have one of the highest rates of unplanned pregnancy in New Zealand. The purpose of this article is to present the key findings from a study that was undertaken in 2015 as part of the primary author’s Masters in Public Health degree from the University of Auckland. The key findings from the study indicated the complex and multifaceted barriers to accessing family planning due to cultural and social factors including embarrassment, stigma, taboo subjects, anga faka Tonga and inter-generational conflict. Differences in cultural views and expectations regarding pre-marital sex and abstinence between the West and anga faka Tonga points towards the need for improved awareness of family planning services irrespective of marital status. Improving communication between daughters and their mothers (or trusted female figures within the family) and providing culturally safe services were identified as key strategies to improving access to family planning services.

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16

Borger, Jessica Geraldine, Catriona Vi Nguyen‐Robertson, and James Harris. "Trailblazing women immunologists of Australia and New Zealand." Immunology & Cell Biology 99, no. 4 (April 2021): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12454.

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17

Lane, Annika. "Direct Costs of Osteoporosis For New Zealand Women." PharmacoEconomics 9, no. 3 (March 1996): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199609030-00005.

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18

Harris, Candice A., and Sarah I. Leberman. "Leadership Development for Women in New Zealand Universities." Advances in Developing Human Resources 14, no. 1 (December 4, 2011): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422311428747.

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The Problem. Women continue to be underrepresented in senior academic and general staff positions in universities internationally, and New Zealand universities are no different. In addition, there is limited empirical research on leadership development programs for women. The Solution. This article adds to knowledge in the area by describing and discussing the outcomes of the national New Zealand Women in Leadership (NZWIL) program, which is now in its 5th year of operation. A longitudinal case study approach has been adopted including surveys, phone interviews, and an independent evaluation. The findings suggest that the program has been successful on both an individual and organizational level. Individually, participants have increased their self-confidence and networking skills, enabling them, for example, to apply for promotion and gain it. The Stakeholders. Postsecondary leaders, human resource development (HRD), and leadership development professionals can learn from the findings of this program and adapt them to their context.

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19

Giles, Janice, and Helen Curreen. "Phases of Growth for Abused New Zealand Women." Affilia 22, no. 4 (November 2007): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109907306310.

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20

Fawcett, Rebecca, and Judith K. Pringle. "Women CEOs in New Zealand: where are you?" Women in Management Review 15, no. 5/6 (August 2000): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010343122.

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21

Myers, Linda. "Women Travellers’ Adventure Tourism Experiences in New Zealand." Annals of Leisure Research 13, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686841.

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22

Simpson, C. "Respectable Identities: New Zealand Nineteenth-Century 'New Women' - on Bicycles!" International Journal of the History of Sport 18, no. 2 (June 2001): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714001563.

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23

Romans-Clarkson, S. E., V. A. Walton, G. P. Herbison, and P. E. Mullen. "Marriage, motherhood and psychiatric morbidity in New Zealand." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 4 (November 1988): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700009909.

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SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorder, as assessed by both the GHQ-28 and the short PSE, is described for a random community sample of New Zealand women. In contrast to previous studies, married and widowed women and mothers showed lower rates than the never married and childless women. A plausible explanation is provided by available analysis of New Zealand gender roles. Such an explanation would reconfirm the importance of socio-cultural factors in community psychiatric disorder.

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24

McGregor, Judy. "The pervasive power of man-made news." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v12i1.843.

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Since the first woman was appointed as editor of a major newspaper in New Zealand in the mid 1980s, what has been the progress of women to top editorships? And what is the status of women at governance, management and staff journalist levels? These questions examine gender equality issues and are important given the power and ubiquity of the news media in modern society. The article analyses participation of women in the news media against the so-called ‘feminisation’ of pre-entry journalism training. The findings show that little progress has been made at editorship level, while there is more progress for senior women just below editorship level. Further, there is a difference in the status of women in governance of public service versus privately-owned broadcasting. The article is critical of the data available to monitor participation by gender and ethnicity in New Zealand journalism over time. Strategies to help break down the pervasive power of ‘man-made news’ are proposed. These include female shareholder activism at the governance level of media companies, and a greater commitment by the New Zealand Journalism Training Organisation to regular monitoring of women’s newsroom participation. Without it the status of women in New Zealand journalism remains invisible.

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Holmes, Janet. "Setting New Standards." English World-Wide 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.18.1.06hol.

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Social dialect data demonstrates that women tend to lead linguistic change in New Zealand English over a range of linguistic variables. This paper describes some current sound changes in New Zealand English, discusses their potential sources, and suggests possible mechanisms by which they percolate through the system. Women's role in language change is a controversial area. The final section examines a range of explanations which have been proposed to account for the patterns identified by researchers and assesses their relevance to the New Zealand data.

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PIO, EDWINA. "SOLO SONGS AND SYMPHONIES: ETHNIC MINORITY INDIAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN NEW ZEALAND." Journal of Enterprising Culture 14, no. 03 (September 2006): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495806000118.

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Diverse demographic components internationally have resulted in an emerging awareness of ethnic minority entrepreneurship. In New Zealand, Indians are an ethnic minority who form approximately 1.7% of the population. Based on qualitative research methodology and grounded in feminine epistemology, the entrepreneurial journey of Indian women entrepreneurs in New Zealand is explored. The findings reveal multiple layers of meaning and the recoding of connections as the women seek to both confront and co-exist with their Indian past and their New Zealand present - a border zone, where entrepreneurship serves as a focal point for making a difference in the host country New Zealand.

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Guy-Meakin, Amelia. "Gender Imbalance in New Zealand's Senior Legal Positions." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i3.4952.

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Despite New Zealand's real progress toward gender equality over the past century, women remain under-represented in the country's senior legal positions. Disparities between men and women are not unique to the legal profession. They are particularly problematic, however, given that the law aims to pursue justice, and equal opportunity should be its paramount concern. This article examines some of the obstacles and constraints women face in attaining leadership roles in the New Zealand legal profession. Preliminary solutions to remedy these obstacles and constraints are proposed, including a necessary recognition that many female professionals offer distinct experiences and have different needs to their male counterparts.

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Doering, Keiko, Jean Patterson, and Christine Griffiths. "NegotiatingWa(Harmony): A Qualitative Study About the Challenges Japanese Women Who Live in New Zealand Have in Maintaining Their Birth Traditions." International Journal of Childbirth 6, no. 1 (2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.6.1.27.

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Cultural birth customs play an important role in maintaining women’s psychological well-being throughout childbearing. The goals of this study were (a) to explore how Japanese women living in New Zealand keep or perform their birth traditions, (b) to educate caregivers about the importance of these traditions to Japanese women, and (c) to provide an environment within which Japanese women feel able to express and negotiate their cultural practices.Following ethical approval from the Otago Polytechnic Research Ethics Committee (ETHICS 470), 13 Japanese women, who had given birth in New Zealand within the previous 3 years, were interviewed individually, or in a focus group. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The women were all born in Japan, had moved to New Zealand in their 20s, and lived in New Zealand for a period between 2 and 19 years.The women valued their birth traditions and tried to practice these throughout their pregnancy and following birth. This was not always possible within the New Zealand maternity and cultural setting where there was a lack of support or understanding from family and care providers. There was also limited access to shrines where they could perform the rituals. This caused some of the women to experience cultural conflicts.The desire to maintain harmony with others and the environment is embedded in Japanese culture, and this made it difficult for the women in this study to express their need to fulfill these practices and rituals.Although this study focused on Japanese women’s attitudes and cultural practices, it highlights the importance of being able to maintain a woman’s cultural links, particularly around childbirth. It is essential for caregivers to understand that each woman brings her own cultural understandings and traditions to her birth experience and that the support to practice birth rituals contributes to her peace of mind and well-being.

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Morris Matthews, Kay, and Kay Whitehead. "Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the First World War." History of Education Review 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-05-2018-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the contributions of women teachers to the war effort at home in Australia and New Zealand and in Egypt and Europe between 1914 and 1918. Design/methodology/approach Framed as a feminist transnational history, this research paper drew upon extensive primary and secondary source material in order to identify the women teachers. It provides comparative analyses using a thematic approach providing examples of women teachers war work at home and abroad. Findings Insights are offered into the opportunities provided by the First World War for channelling the abilities and leadership skills of women teachers at home and abroad. Canvassed also are the tensions for German heritage teachers; ideological differences concerning patriotism and pacifism and issues arising from government attitudes on both sides of the Tasman towards women’s war service. Originality/value This is likely the only research offering combined Australian–New Zealand analyses of women teacher’s war service, either in support at home in Australia and New Zealand or working as volunteers abroad. To date, the efforts of Australian and New Zealand women teachers have largely gone unrecognised.

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Sautter, Lilja Mareike. "FEMININITY AND COMMUNITY AT HOME AND AWAY: SHIPBOARD DIARIES BY SINGLE WOMEN EMIGRANTS TO NEW ZEALAND." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000564.

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New Zealand experienced a massive influx of European immigrants in the 1870s and early 1880s after the introduction of Julius Vogel's assisted immigration programme. Single women under the age of thirty-five were a significant target group of recruitment schemes. They were expected to contribute to the colony's labour force as domestic servants and balance New Zealand's surplus of male settlers by becoming wives and mothers. Many of these young women had never been away from home until they embarked on their hazardous journey halfway around the world. Elizabeth Fairbairn, a single woman emigrant herself, was the matron in charge of the young women travelling to New Zealand on board the Oamaru in 1877–78. She narrates in her shipboard diary that Christmas Day made many of the single women homesick: “A great many of the girls grew downhearted last night and had such a good cry, poor things I was sorry for them, for the heart does feel things at a time like this and it is the first time a good many of them have been from home” (25 Dec. 1877). Jane Finlayson was one of these homesick “girls” on the same ship a year earlier. On 22 September 1876 she writes in her diary: “After parting with our friends at Greenock and thinking that ‘Whatever be our earthly lot, Wherever we may roam, Still to our heart the brightest spot, Is round the hearth at home’ we came with the tug on board this ship.” Having left their old home, the women emigrants spent three months crammed into an uncomfortable steerage compartment, honing domestic skills such as sewing and knitting. The ship became a temporary home in which the emigrants prepared for their future life in New Zealand. Metropolitan notions of femininity which located women in the private, domestic sphere had to be questioned and modified on board. While the single women's compartment was supposed both to become a home away from home and to represent a domestic setting, the transitional and public nature of shipboard space complicated both of these projects. This ambiguity relates to an image of single women which was similarly contradictory. The single woman emigrant was a figure at the centre of discourses of femininity and community: on her centred hope but also anxiety. Like in other settler colonies, it was imagined in New Zealand that women would exert beneficial moral and religious influence upon male-dominated colonial society. Women were thus expected to act as creators of community, both ideologically through their moral influence and physically by bearing children. However, until they got married, single women also represented a threat: they were often held responsible for the increase in prostitution in New Zealand (Macdonald 180). This illustrates the danger women could embody: again, both ideologically, since prostitution was seen as contaminating the moral character of society, and physically, since deviant sexual activity was often seen as undermining the biological purity of the community. How did such notions of femininity and community travel from Britain to New Zealand? How were they constructed and redefined during the transitional period of the voyage? In order to explore these questions this essay discusses two texts that also travelled, and narrate travelling: the two shipboard diaries by Elizabeth Fairbairn and Jane Finlayson referenced above, which look at single women's experience of emigration from the slightly different perspectives of a matron and a young woman under the care of a matron. The figure of the matron is an ambiguous one within the notion of women as representing both hope and anxiety: she is not married but nevertheless in a position of relative authority compared to the other single women on board. Elizabeth Fairbairn's diary represents her efforts to create unity among the women under her charge by submitting all of them to the same ideology of femininity. However, her text also has to deal with her own complicated status within the social structure of the ship. Jane Finlayson's text aims to contain anxiety and ambiguity by framing subversive and frightening events within the generic conventions of a shipboard diary. It negotiates the position of the single women on board while simultaneously reaffirming this position.

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Morton, Susan MB, Cameron C. Grant, Clare R. Wall, Polly E. Atatoan Carr, Dinusha K. Bandara, Johanna M. Schmidt, Vivienne Ivory, Hazel M. Inskip, and Carlos A. Camargo. "Adherence to nutritional guidelines in pregnancy: evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand birth cohort study." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (April 9, 2014): 1919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000482.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine adherence to nutritional guidelines by pregnant women in New Zealand and maternal characteristics associated with adherence.DesignA cohort of the pregnant women enrolled into New Zealand’s new birth cohort study, Growing Up in New Zealand.SettingWomen residing within a North Island region of New Zealand, where one-third of the national population lives.SubjectsPregnant women (n 5664) were interviewed during 2009–2010. An FFQ was administered during the face-to-face interview.ResultsThe recommended daily number of servings of vegetables and fruit (≥6) were met by 25 % of the women; of breads and cereals (≥6) by 26 %; of milk and milk products (≥3) by 58 %; and of lean meat, meat alternatives and eggs (≥2) by 21 %. One in four women did not meet the recommendations for any food group. Only 3 % met all four food group recommendations. Although adherence to recommendation for the vegetables/fruit group did not vary by ethnicity (P=0·38), it did vary for the breads/cereals, milk/milk products and meat/eggs groups (all P<0·001). Adherence to recommendations for the vegetables/fruit group was higher among older women (P=0·001); for the breads/cereals group was higher for women with previous children (P<0·001) and from lower-income households (P<0·001); and for the meat/eggs group was higher for women with previous children (P=0·003) and from lower-income households (P=0·004).ConclusionsMost pregnant women in New Zealand do not adhere to nutritional guidelines in pregnancy, with only 3 % meeting the recommendations for all four food groups. Adherence varies more so with ethnicity than with other sociodemographic characteristics.

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Dixon, Lesley, Alison Andrews, Alison Eddy, Karen Guilliland, Chris Hendry, and Jo Houston. "Changing trends in pregnancy registration for New Zealand women." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14279.

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INTRODUCTION: Early pregnancy registration is recommended and provides an opportunity for screening, risk assessment and health promotion. AIM: To determine the gestation at pregnancy registration for a cohort of pregnant New Zealand women who received maternity care from a midwife Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) and to determine if women are registering earlier in pregnancy. METHODS: The gestation of pregnancy at registration was reviewed for the 81 821 women who registered with a midwife LMC between 2008 and 2010 and had data recorded in the New Zealand College of Midwives Clinical Outcomes Research Database (COMCORD). RESULTS: Over the three-year period, there was a trend towards earlier registration with 22.0% of women registering before 10 weeks' gestation in 2008 increasing to 29.9% in 2010. Women of New Zealand European ethnicity were more likely to register before 10 weeks' gestation compared to women who identified as Maori or Pacific ethnicity. Women under 20 or over 40 years of age were more likely to register in the second or third trimester than other age groups. DISCUSSION: Groups that were slower to register with a midwife LMC were women under 20 years or over 40 years of age and women of Maori or Pacific ethnicity. These groups have higher perinatal mortality rates, higher rates of smoking and lower uptake of antenatal Down syndrome screening. Further research is required to explore the barriers to earlier registration for these groups. KEYWORDS: Midwifery; pregnancy; pregnancy trimester, first; prenatal care

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Basnyat, Supriti, and Kerry Chamberlain. "Dietary Acculturation of Nepalese Women in Aotearoa, New Zealand." Proceedings 37, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037009.

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The immigrant population in New Zealand is growing dramatically, giving those arriving on work visas, student visas and visitor visas no guaranteed right to remain as well as restrictions to social resources such as health care. [...]

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Romans, S. E., V. A. Walton, G. P. Herbison, and P. E. Mullen. "Social Networks and Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072075.

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A random community survey of urban and rural New Zealand women revealed higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in subjects who reported poorer social support. Substantial differences in social networks were found between demographic subgroups. Rural women described better than expected social relationships, giving some support to the pastoral ideal of well integrated rural communities. Women in part-time employment also described better social networks. Elderly, low socio-economic, and widowed, separated and divorced women had poorer social relationships. It is suggested that normative values for social network measures for each demographic subgroup will need to be established before the clinical significance of deviations from the norm can be meaningfully evaluated. Also, the mechanisms linking social networks to health may vary in different subgroups.

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Romans-Clarkson, Sarah E., Valerie A. Walton, Paul E. Mullen, and G. Peter Herbison. "Validity of the GHQ-28 in New Zealand Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062135.

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The GHQ-28 was validated against the short PSE in a New Zealand community study of female psychiatric morbidity. The GHQ-28 total scores were significantly correlated with the PSE scores. Higher coefficients were obtained using the scoring method of Good child and Duncan-Jones than with the standard scoring method. In this data set, the 3/4 cutoff had the best sensitivity and specificity. The correlations of the GHQ-28 subscales with ICD diagnostic classes and ad hoc PSE sub-scores were also statistically significant. Because the distribution of the GHQ-28 scores is positively skewed, non-parametric statistics may be preferable to the traditional Pearson's correlation coefficient. Overall, the results from this study confirm the GHQ-28 to be a valid and practical screen for presence or absence of psychiatric disorder in New Zealand women.

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Maver, Igor. "Trading Places in New Zealand two women's literary search for self-realization overseas." Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, no. 9 (2014): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2014.i9.10.

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Toe paper compares sorne of the possíble reasons for the radical change of locale and overseas travel far away from home in the case of the New Zealand writer Katherine Mansfield and especially the Slovenian author Alma Maximiliana Karlin in the early twentieth-century, which shows an interesting parallelism and search for the 'othemess' of experience beyond their respective homelands. If Mansfield decided to leave New Zealand for London to study, and for the second time to avoid the provincial climate at home, then the Slovenian travel writer Alma Karlin decided to leave Europe for Asia and New Zealand at roughly the same time as Mansfield arrived in the modemist literary Bloomsbury area in London. Toe publication of Mansfield's famous collection, I11e Carden Parti; and Other Ston·es (1922), and Karlin's travel book, Solitan; Journey (Die Einsame Weltreise, 1929), almost coincided, although the two women authors never met.

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Nunn, Pamela Gerrish, Anne Kirker, Max Germaine, and Sandy Kirby. "New Zealand Women Artists: A Survey of 150 Years." Woman's Art Journal 17, no. 1 (1996): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358532.

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Parker, Jane, Maritino Nemani, James Arrowsmith, and Sanjay Bhowmick. "Contemporary Collective Regulation and Working Women in New Zealand." Journal of Industrial Relations 54, no. 2 (April 2012): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185611435470.

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Smits, Katherine. "Rethinking Women and Politics: New Zealand and comparative perspectives." Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 5, no. 2 (November 2010): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1177083x.2010.537812.

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Lévesque, Andrée. "A History of New Zealand Women par Barbara Brookes." Histoire sociale/Social history 50, no. 101 (2017): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/his.2017.0014.

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Ramia, Gaby. "Book Review: Breadwinning: New Zealand Women and the State." Journal of Industrial Relations 43, no. 3 (September 2001): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1472-9296.t01-1-00023.

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Thompson, Shona M. "Women in sport: some participation patterns in New Zealand." Leisure Studies 4, no. 3 (January 1985): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614368500390241.

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Law, Robin. "Shifting Centres. Women and Migration in New Zealand History." New Zealand Geographer 59, no. 1 (April 2003): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2003.tb01658.x.

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Curtin, Jennifer. "Women and Proportional Representation in Australia and New Zealand." Policy and Society 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(03)70013-7.

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Bo[zbreve]i(-Vrban[cbreve]i(, Senka. "Pretty as a picture: Croatian women in New Zealand." History and Anthropology 14, no. 1 (March 2003): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10275720032000069593.

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McCarthy, Christine. "Architectural style spreads its wings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1880s." Architectural History Aotearoa 10 (February 14, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v10i.7306.

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The 1880s was a period in New Zealand of economic depression. It caused "unemployment, family distress, ragged children and exploited women workers, general business collapse, a crash in the property market, a ten-year banking crisis, bankruptcies and unstable ministries." But despite this Hodgson identifies this period in New Zealand's architectural history as one when: "Architectural style ... started to spread its wings and this period contains some fine examples of building design which was definitely out of the mainstream."

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Simpson, Megan. "New Zealand Lost Cases: Case Note: R v Margaret Reardon." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 1 (May 3, 2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i1.5242.

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This note considers the case of R v Margaret Reardon. The case is of historical importance as she was the only woman to ever be sentenced to transportation in New Zealand. She was involved in three Supreme Court cases during 1848; as victim, witness and accused. Her case is indicative of how women were dealt with by the courts in the early colony.

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Clair, Valerie Wright-St, Clare Hocking, Wannipa Bunrayong, Soisuda Vittayakorn, and Phuonjai Rattakorn. "Older New Zealand Women Doing the Work of Christmas: A Recipe for Identity Formation." Sociological Review 53, no. 2 (May 2005): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00517.x.

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‘Christmas, because it is rather a sentimental time you tend to look for the familiar and go back into what you remember in your childhood.’ In the process of preparing family favourites or trying exciting new foods at Christmas, older New Zealand women construct self and family identities. This paper presents the New Zealand findings from an interpretive, multi-site research project exploring older women's experiences of food occupations at Christmas in Auckland, New Zealand, and Kentucky, USA and Songkran (the tradition Thai New Year) in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Narrative data were collected through focus group interviews with 16 New Zealand women, aged 65 years or over. Talk about recipes and kitchen things used, and how the foods are prepared and served revealed layers of identity work. While recipes from, and stories about, mothers’ and grandmothers’ homemade cooking are kept alive through doing the food work at Christmas, being a women in contemporary New Zealand allowed new identities to emerge. Identity as a family unit is formed and reformed over time by blending cultural and family traditions and remaking new ones through Christmas foods and family rituals. Significantly, the women's skilled preparation and customising of recipes for Christmas foods creates a rich opportunity for self-affirmation and public recognition. For these older women, the gift of Christmas food was like giving something of themselves.

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Hayes, James. "Population-attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.15.

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15 Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of illness and death in New Zealand women. It is the most commonly registered cancer in women, and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. In 2009, 2,759 women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 658 women died from breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is projected to stabilise in New Zealand, but the actual number of women diagnosed with breast cancer will increase because of the increasing proportion of older people and increasing size of the population. Methods: Estimates of the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer (relative risks and odds ratios obtained from published epidemiological studies) and the prevalence of exposure in New Zealand were used to calculate the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) for each risk factor. The PAR%s show the relative importance of these risk factors, and give an indication of the potential impact of reducing the prevalence of these lifestyle risk factors on the incidence of breast cancer in New Zealand. Results: Six modifiable lifestyle factors were identified for breast cancer. These were obesity, lack of physical activity, high alcohol intake, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and delayed first birth. The PAR%s for these risk factors ranged from 1% for delayed first birth to 10% for obesity (16% for Maori women and 17% for Pacific women). Conclusions: The most important primary preventive strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer in New Zealand are promoting lifestyle changes to reduce obesity, promoting regular physical activity (which may in turn reduce the prevalence of obesity), reducing HRT use, and avoiding high alcohol intake. A strategy to promote regular physical activity and reduce obesity could also have other benefits, such as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

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Chan, Elizabeth. "Women Trailblazers in the Law: The New Zealand Women Judges Oral Histories Project." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i3.4954.

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The New Zealand Women Judges Oral Histories Project aims to provide the first national, publicly accessible records of the lives and careers of trailblazing women judges. As part of this project, this article shares the stories of nine women judges who have broken gender barriers at every stage of their legal studies and careers, including as the first women law graduates, partners of law firms, Queen's Counsel and judges. In sharing the challenges faced by, and celebrating the successes of, these women judges, their individual stories give context to the statistics showing that women's participation at the highest levels of the legal profession remains the exception rather than the norm. It is hoped that the achievements of the women who have gone before will inspire today's young women to reach positions of leadership in the profession, and, more broadly, to strive for equality in both their personal and professional lives.

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