Academic literature on the topic 'Newar (Nepalese people)'

The research article is focused on the peculiarities of the ethnocultural identity of the Newars.This is one of the many Nepalese peoples that is practically not studied in Russian oriental studies.Newars are considered the descendants of the ancient population of the Kathmandu valley,but it is not known for certain whether their ancestors were indigenous here or came to the valley from other places. Currently, the number of Newars is about 1.5 million people, this is the 6th population of the people of Nepal. They live mainly in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley.The Newars have long been famous as the creators of a rich and original culture. Their pronounced eth-nocultural identity has deep historical roots, and among its distinctive features there are many unique ones.The Newar religion is a synthe-sis of Hinduism and Buddhism, while many of its features are enshrined in a strictly ranked caste society. The caste system originally associated with Hinduism extends among the Newars and Buddhism, although initially it was incompatible with it. A distinctive feature of the social life of the Newars is the guthi, social and religious formations that regulate and control the social and ritual life of the people and help them maintain internal unity.Unique features are also preserved in ritual practices, for example, in the ihi wedding ceremony, during which girls are symbolically married to the deities Vishnu-Narayana and Surya.When a girl later marries in the usual way and her husband dies for whatever reason, she does not become a widow.The cult of the living goddess Kumari is also unique.

Gender is socially constructed idea and disparity is the problem created by the society. The study was conducted from the socio-cultural perspective so the main objective of this study was to identify the socio-cultural causes of gender disparity in five different ethnic groups: Newar, Magar, Tamang, Rai/Limbu and Brahmin/Chhetri of Kathmandu Valley. Total 390 respondents were selected randomly from the all ethnic groups. Except the role of religion, the role of culture, patriarchy system, social perception, sources of income, level of education, political awareness & involvement and gender based division of labor had significant effect to increase the gender disparity in society. Political announcement that Nepal as a secular country had effected in the perception and practices related to the religious activities of people also. The government should address the socio-cultural problem and further researcher should explore the strategies to address the problem of gender disparity.

This article explores manifold dynamics of demographic presence in Nepal. The polities at large are distinct in terms of culture, class and caste. The study focuses on ethnic differences in the context of the recent political development of Nepal. Demographic changes have profound effects on the society, economy, and people of a political institution. Nepal is a multi-ethnic country with a history of ethnic discrimination over the centuries because of racial differences imbibed in political and social affairs of the Nepalese. Demographic changes in Nepal have occurred under unique circumstances within a both a historical context and a contemporary and comparative perspective against other countries have encountered. The article encompasses the factors such as cultural harmony, integrity, and equity to analyze cultural differences and racial realities in the scenario of the postmodern era. The paper unfolds the pages of underrepresentation of the marginalized communities and overrepresentation of Indo-Aryan groups and Newar in the polity.

Introduction: Nasal anthropometry is a study that deals with the measurements of the proportion, size, and shape of the nose. The nasal index is considered as one of the major landmarks for craniofacial surgery, gender differentiation, and ethnic identity. This study is aimed to provide baseline data of the nasal index of Nepalese people and to assess the gender variation which will be of clinical, surgical interest in rhinology and craniofacial prosthetic purpose. Methods: BDS students from 17 to 25 years with various ethnicity were included in the study. A total of 160 students with an equal number of male and female students was included. Nasal parameters were measured and the nasal index was calculated for each student. Result: The mean nasal index was 78.03±7.07 suggesting Mesorrhine type of nose. The nasal width and height show statistically significant differences whereas there was no significant difference found between the nasal indices of male and female students. Hill Janajati showed the highest nasal index followed by Newar, Brahmin and Chettri; and Others. Conclusion: The study concludes the type of nose has an effect on gender when compared between the sex but the nasal index calculated to have a little contribution to sexual dimorphism. Mesorrhine nose was found to be most frequent. Among the population, Hill Janajati showed the highest nasal index. We recommend further study to compare the nasal index of various ethnical groups of the Nepalese population. Keywords: Anthropometry, Mesorrhine, Nasal Index

Background: Nepal has made remarkable efforts towards social health protection over the past several years. In 2016, the Government of Nepal introduced a National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) with an aim to ensure equitable and universal access to healthcare by all Nepalese citizens. Following the first year of operation, the scheme has covered 5 percent of its target population. There are wider concerns regarding the capacity of NHIP to achieve adequate population coverage and remain viable. In this context, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with enrolment of households in the NHIP. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey using face to face interview was carried out in 2 Palikas (municipalities) of Ilam district. 570 households were studied by recruiting equal number of NHIP enrolled and non-enrolled households. We used Pearson’s chi-square test and binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with household’s enrolment in NHIP. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23 software. Results: Enrolment of households in NHIP was found to be associated with ethnicity, socio-economic status, past experience of acute illness in family and presence of chronic illness. The households that belonged to higher socio-economic status were about 4 times more likely to enrol in the scheme. It was also observed that households from privileged ethnic groups such as Brahmin, Chhetri, Gurung, and Newar were 1.7 times more likely to enrol in NHIP compared to those from underprivileged ethnic groups such as janajatis (indigenous people) and dalits (the oppressed). The households with illness experience in 3 months preceding the survey were about 1.5 times more likely to enrol in NHIP compared to households that did not have such experience. Similarly, households in which at least one of the members was chronically ill were 1.8 times more likely to enrol compared to households with no chronic illness. Conclusion: Belonging to the privileged ethnic group, having a higher socio-economic status, experiencing an acute illness and presence of chronically ill member in the family are the factors associated with enrolment of households in NHIP. This study revealed gaps in enrolment between rich-poor households and privileged-underprivileged ethnic groups. Extension of health insurance coverage to poor and marginalized households is therefore needed to increase equity and accelerate the pace towards achieving universal health coverage.

Participatory conservation approach practiced in most of the protected areas of Nepal mandate the active role of people for conservation planning and implementation. Peoples’ participation in conservation is largely regulated by the benefits they receive. Ecotourism, as it envisions the improved living standard of local people, could be one of the drivers for alluring local people towards biodiversity conservation. Thus, it is essential to assess ecotourism potential of a site for planning and implementing community engagement for biodiversity conservation. The potentiality of ecotourism depends upon three major factors i.e. visitors’ satisfaction, willingness of local people to participate in ecotourism related activities, and enthusiasm of park authority. Studies on ecotourism potential in Nepal are limited in scope and time. Therefore, this study tends to recognize the perspective of youth towards ecotourism in Rara National Park, where visitors’ numbers are growing of late. Scheduled interview was used to collect the perspectives of youth. Data were explored using descriptive statistics and association between the perceptions and visitors’ general background were explored using Chi-Square test. In the study, length of stay was observed to be associated with educational background. As per the responses, ecotourism activities in the park were found to contribute in biodiversity conservation and betterment of livelihood of local people. Though, the number of tourists are increasing, they are not adequate yet with potential to increase further in near future. When optimum tourist visit the park area, ecotourism activities can create win-win situation to biodiversity and people.

Interaction is the relationship between organisms for food, shelter and other needs. It may be positive or negative. There is strong interaction between wildlife and local people particularly at the national park and its adjoining area. Local people are responsible for a number of problems related to protected area management. The objective of this study was to assess the causes of interactions and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the wildlife and local people. The study applied cross-sectional design and used quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study. In any National Park in Nepalese context relation between wildlife and local people is positive and negative. Wildlife helps in promoting and maintaining greenery. It also helps in promoting tourism in the area. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2016, Page :100-104

Technical education and vocational training programs in Nepalese society have been a aloud offbeat that is combating to slice through the prevalent socio-economic and contemporary social setup so that it could contribute at the very best. Despite more than a half a century’s effort to establish it as a strong element that supports the country’s economy and peoples’ living standard, it has still been straining somewhere near the beginning point. This study investigates some impeding socio-cultural factors that fade the overall development of TEVT programs. The result should help the policy makers to be more assured about the major issues that hurdle the TEVT setup in Nepalese society. Analyzing several research works and national and international reports on concerned topics it is found that the TEVT values have not been placed as one of the top national priorities due to the existing social setup and people’s perspective towards TEVT programs. Therefore the heterogeneous aspects are required to be synchronized even more tactically along with TEVT’s integration in the labor market in order to choreograph, qualitatively improved TEVT programs so that TEVT could be significantly potential element among those on which the country’s socio-economic development could depend on more reliably.Himalayan Journal of Sociology & Anthropology - Vol. VII (2016), page: 155-174

This paper focuses to voluntary relocation of residents of Nepalese society and its effects on social relationship which unfolds the restructuring and transforming old residential structure of Nepalese society. Some scholars attribute the individual factors to the residential relocation and exemplify the life-cycle changes of household heads or household composition such as the age, employment or marital status of the household head and the number of children (Rossi, 1955, p. 24). They believe that the increase of marriage rate and fertility rate are determinative conditions for the residential relocation and rapid expansion of suburban areas. Besides these arguments, many scholars have embraced various facets of social change with residential relocation and find that most residents move to significantly higher income and less racially segregated suburban neighbourhoods with access to better infrastructure, services, and amenities (Deluca et al., 2005; Diewald and Mayer, 2009). Suburban growth is propelled by transportation and technology development such as mass-produced automobiles and highways. It is interesting social phenomenon in Nepal that the residents on hilly side and remote areas are relocating slightly downward and near to market areas. This paper follows field work on Lele valley, Lalitpur district which is emerging suburban area. It finds that people prefer to relocate their residents near to market and transport facilities creating a new social relationship. . It is found that they relocate their residents because of income sent from their family members who are in foreign employment or they sell their land. They introduce a new type of nexus and relationship with new neighbors who are not among their kinship and start bounding in every occasion.

Cultural tourism is critical to the growth of destinations all over the world. Cultural activities and events, as well as existing local historical and cultural assets or cultural capital, shopping, and event attractions, are all believed to play a key role in the nations' cultural and economic development. In the Nepalese context, cultural tourism is widely discussed for the potential development of local and indegenous communities. Thus, the research aims to identify Newari Community’s attitude toward promoting cultural tourism development in Kathmandu Valley. Newari community people from Kathmandu valley were taken as a population, a total of 280 individuals were taken as a sample, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The attitude level of Newari people was measured using the attitude index. The Ordered Logistic Model was used to test the factors determining the Newari community's attitude towards promoting cultural tourism development. The result revealed that the Newari community is highly aware of cultural tourism development. Further, regression result shows that monthly income, employment opportunities, a wide variety of cultural activities, developed partnership, pride of local residents, sufficient information, cost of living, a problem with parking or traffic, and household employed in art and cultural activities statistically influence attitude level of Newari community to promote cultural tourism development. Hence, the Newari community should focus on promoting cultural tourism development through conservation, protection, and development of cultural management.