Academic literature on the topic 'Newark Eagles (Baseball team)'

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>93<br>The purpose of this study is to examine a dismissed professional baseball teams’ fans, particularly their online and offline interactions, performances and maintenance behaviors showing their loyalty and devotion to the team. The subjects in this study are loyal fans, the sixteen interviewed cadre members from China Time Eagles Fans Club in all, by using case study researching and multiple method strategies to collect the data generalized into four stages, including documents collecting, interviews, participant observation, and survey. The major discovered results are as followed: (1) The factors of supporting China Time Eagles team are “popular traits”, “familiarity”, “uncertainty of team ranking”, and “feeling of affinity.” (2) After team was dismissed, these fans still maintain identify and loyalty for team. Even though the reason of team being dismissed is gamble scandal, the fans’ identify and loyalty have not been influenced by the negative impact. (3) The results of Dismiss team affect these fans’ consumption behaviors, such as, “not view baseball sports any more,” “care domestic professional baseball sports no more, but still view the international games,” “not view domestic professional baseball sports, but view other overseas professional baseball sports instead” and “continue viewing domestic professional baseball sports without supporting a particular team.” (4) Many enthusiastic and dynamic fans have never entered court to view baseball games. (5) The reasons of participating virtual community (VC) are “diversified VC content” with interpersonal network relationship”. (6) The development of community began to be advanced by actual activities after enrolled in VC.

Two professional soccer leagues began play in 1894. The American League of Professional Football was formed by baseball club owners in Boston, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington DC. A rival league called the American Association of Professional Football (AAPF) had four teams in Philadelphia, Trenton, Newark, and Paterson, New Jersey. The chapter argues that baseball owners launched a soccer league because they wished to maintain control over professional team sports and viewed it as an additional revenue stream that would allow them to make money year-round. The motivations for launching the AAPF are less clear. Both competitions were failures, shutting down after just weeks, with only twenty-five games played. Ultimately the leagues flopped because of poor organization, low attendance, and higher than expected costs. The failed experiments of 1894 meant that a major, fully professional soccer league would not return to the United States until 1921.