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Journal articles on the topic "Newcastle (N.S.W.) Economic conditions"
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Khakbazan, M., C. A. Grant, G. Finlay, R. Wu, S. S. Malhi, F. Selles, G. W. Clayton, N. Z. Lupwayi, Y. K. Soon, and K. N. Harker. "An economic study of controlled release urea and split applications of nitrogen as compared with non-coated urea under conventional and reduced tillage management." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 3 (May 2013): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-107.
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Khakbazan, M., Grant, C. A., Finlay, G., Wu, R., Malhi, S. S., Selles, F., Clayton, G. W., Lupwayi, N. Z., Soon, Y. K. and Harker, K. N. 2013. An economic study of controlled release urea and split applications of nitrogen as compared with non-coated urea under conventional and reduced tillage management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 523–534. To evaluate the use of controlled-release urea (CRU) as a beneficial management practice for nitrogen management of wheat, barley, and canola, a multi-location study was conducted from 2004 to 2006 in a range of agro-environments across western Canada. The objective was to evaluate the relative economic performance of CRU and non-coated urea (NCU) for their effects on seed yield and quality, costs and net revenue (NR) using conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) management under varying environmental conditions. The NR was estimated as the income remaining after paying for all cash costs, ownership costs on machinery and buildings, and labour. The main factor affecting crop yield and NR was N application rate. In general, application of NCU produced similar or higher net revenues than that of CRU, split fertilizer applications or a blend of NCU and CRU. There were some limited situations where the use of split applications, CRU or CRU in a blend with the NCU increased crop yield as compared with NCU; however, the increased yield was not sufficient to cover the extra costs of CRU or the split application. The impact of tillage system on crop yield and NR was not consistent. Net revenue was higher under CT than RT for certain crops in some regions, but not in all regions or for all crops. Overall, NR analysis indicated that use of CRU did not provide an economic benefit over the use of NCU.
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Hall, Linda M., Hugh J. Beckie, Ryan Low, Scott W. Shirriff, Robert E. Blackshaw, Nicole Kimmel, and Christoph Neeser. "Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 1 (January 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-204.
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Hall, L. M., Beckie, H. J., Low, R., Shirriff, S. W., Blackshaw, R. E., Kimmel, N. and Neeser, C. 2014. Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia ( Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 127–130. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia was identified in Warner county in southern Alberta in 2011. To determine the scale of the distribution and frequency of GR kochia, a randomized stratified survey of more than 300 locations (one population per location) in southern Alberta was conducted in the fall of 2012. Mature plants were collected, seed separated, and F1 seedlings screened by spraying with glyphosate at 900 g a.e. ha−1 under greenhouse conditions. Screening confirmed 13 GR kochia sites: seven in Warner county, five in Vulcan county, and one in Taber county. The frequency of GR individuals in a population ranged from 0.3 to 98%. GR kochia were found in arid areas where chemical fallow is a significant component of the rotation. Economic and agronomic impact of this GR weed biotype is compounded because of multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides.
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Kutsch, Tobias, Christian Sedlmeier, Robin Schuster, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "From Powder to Sheets – a Comparative Study for Solution-Cast Solid Electrolyte/Binder-Sheets As Separators in All-Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012161mtgabs.
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Sulfidic all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are considered as one of the next-generation energy storage systems.[1,2] Most of the previous research studies have investigated ASSBs that are based on a pellet-type separators, i.e., a highly compressed solid electrolyte (SE) powder, with thicknesses of several hundreds of microns.[3] However, their applicability is limited to small electrode area single-layer lab-scale cells, as large-format cells would require separator pellets with a large area that are difficult to produce. Furthermore, in order to be competitive or superior to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes, the thickness of the solid electrolyte separator in ASSBs should be less than 100 μm.[4] Consequently, a key for the industrialization of large-format and high energy density ASSBs is the development of sheet-type cell components. Up to date, only a few publications focus on sheet-type SE separators, investigating appropriate solvents and binders for wet-processed SE/binder composites.[4-7] In the present study, we report on the preparation of composite sheet-type separators for ASSBs by a slurry-based process, investigating three different sulfidic solid electrolyte systems (Li6PS5Cl, Li7P3S11 and Li10SnP2S12) in combination with different volume fractions of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR, φHNBR = 1.7 – 16.0 vol.-%) binder. By means of the analysis of top-view and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the prepared sheet-type separators, combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), we characterize the influence of the slurry-coating process conditions as well as of the binder volume fraction on their morphology. Densification of the obtained separator sheets is easily possible by uniaxial compression at room temperature, resulting in residual pore volume fractions of ≈ 3 – 12 %, depending on the respective solid electrolyte. While increasing fabrication pressures lead to a reduction of void volume and an increasing contacting between the solid electrolyte particles, very high fabrication pressures (> 200 MPa) lead to a fusing of the SE particles and to nearly pore-free separator sheets. Besides the micromorphology and porosity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets, we investigate the dependence of binder content and processing conditions on their ionic conductivity by means of potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements that are performed using a novel, in-house designed cell setup. As one would expect, the Li+-ion conductivity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets decreases with increasing binder volume fraction (see Figure 1a). Interestingly, however, the relationship between Li+-ion conductivity and binder volume fraction (φ HNBR) is essentially identical for the three different sulfidic electrolytes that are examined in our study (see Figure 1b). To obtain mechanically stable and free-standing SE/HNBR separator sheets, an HNBR volume fraction of approximately 8 vol.-% is required for all three SEs, yielding in a separator sheet conductivity of ≈ 0.5 mS/cm at 70 MPa, which is ≈ 3-fold lower than that of the pure, binder-free SE powder conductivity measured at the same conditions. Nevertheless, by considering the currently achievable thicknesses of these solution-cast separator sheets of ≈ 50 µm, their overall areal resistance (in unit of Ω·cm2) is equal or even lower than that of the typically substantially thicker pellet-type separators, so that these separator-sheets can be used for the assembly of large-format cells with competitive separator resistances. [1] J. Janek and W. G. Zeier, Nature Energy, 1, 16141 (2016). [2] W. Zhang, D. A. Weber, H. Weigand, T. Arlt, I. Manke, D. Schroder, R. Koerver, T. Leichtweiss, P. Hartmann, W. G. Zeier and J. Janek, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 9, 17835 (2017). [3] M. R. Busche, D. A. Weber, Y. Schneider, C. Dietrich, S. Wenzel, T. Leichtweiss, D. Schröder, W. Zhang, H. Weigand, D. Walter, S. J. Sedlmaier, D. Houtarde, L. F. Nazar and J. Janek, Chemistry of Materials, 28, 6152 (2016). [4] N. Riphaus, P. Strobl, B. Stiaszny, T. Zinkevich, M. Yavuz, J. Schnell, S. Indris, H. A. Gasteiger and S. J. Sedlmaier, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165, A3993 (2018). [5] K. Lee, S. Kim, J. Park, S. H. Park, A. Coskun, D. S. Jung, W. Cho and J. W. Choi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2075 (2017). [6] A. Sakuda, K. Kuratani, M. Yamamoto, M. Takahashi, T. Takeuchi and H. Kobayashi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2474 (2017). [7] F. Shen, M. B. Dixit, W. Zaman, N. Hortance, B. Rogers and K. B. Hatzell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 166, A3182 (2019). Acknowledgements: This work was carried out as part of the research project “Industrialisierbarkeit Festkörperelektrolyte”, funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy. This work was also supported by the BMW Group. Figure 1
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Bakhur, Nadiia. "The influence of the institutional environment on development of investment activity in the agricultural sector of the economy." University Economic Bulletin, no. 46 (September 1, 2020): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-7-20.
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Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of transformation, a special role in the formation of a favorable institutional environment for the intensification of investment activities in the agricultural sector is given to the state as an important institution for the organization of the process and its participants. Formulation of the problem. The relationship of investment activity with the processes of institutional transformation is still poorly studied in economic theory due to the novelty of this process and are systemic in nature. Here, a significant role is played, first of all, by the institutional features of the formation of a favorable investment environment in the conditions of deepening transformation and integration processes in the state. For the transformational economy, the system of economic property relations is an urgent problem, in particular, for the agricultural sector – it is land ownership. Analysis of recent research and publications. Many works of famous scientists are devoted to the issue of institutional theories of investment: A. Spithof [5, p. 330-331], J. Commons [3], W. Mitchell [15], J. Buchanan [4], W. Rostow [24], R. Coase [11], J. Ellull [27], R. Aron [18], J. Galbraith [30], J. Schumpeter [21], W. Favor [19], K. Eklund [7], A. Burley [6], G. Minz [6], I. Nadler [6], S. Chase [6], P. Drucker [26]. In Ukraine, scientific research of domestic scientists using the methodological tools of institutionalism A. Bykova, M. Kolesnik, T. Kosovo, N. Marenkov, A. Ivashina, V. Fedorenko is also presented. In the works of N. Marenkov [13], A. Bykova [1], O. Ivashina [1], M. Kolisnyk [9], M. Tugan-Baranovsky [20], the organization of the process of formation and development of non-market forms of economic interactions in conditions of transformation of social and economic relations. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A special study of investment activity in the context of deepening transformation processes in the national economic system requires consideration of two aspects of this process: the need and principles of adaptation of investment institutions as carriers of another institutional tradition to the market environment; study of those positive institutional effects of direct investment, which contribute to the acceleration of institutional transformations, the adaptation of world "institutional standards" to national conditions. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. To study the theoretical and practical aspects of the relationship between structural and institutional transformation with the organization of the investment process in the agricultural sector. Method or methodology of the study. Institutionalism, as a scientific field, emerged at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, as a trend that criticizes the methodological positions of the neoclassical school. Among the well-known representatives of this school are usually T. Veblen, J. Commons, W. Mitchell, D. Clark. At the same time, early institutionalism is sometimes considered as a precursor of Keynesianism [12, p. 28]. The methodological basis of the new institutionalism are the works of the classics of economic scientific thought. Presentation of the main material (results of work).The article examines the features of institutional support in the development of investment activitiesinthe agricultural sector. There is a need to take into account investment capacity in the methodology of analysis of investment potential,in the process of considering investment potential, from the point of view of the institutional approach. The processes of globalization are a catalyst in the search for ways to increase economic prosperity and an important prerequisite for this process is the investment potential. The possibility of using institutional theory in the development of investment activity is proved. A recommendation is given that the investment process and investment activities should be studied and considered in dynamics. Institutionalism focuses on a comprehensive study of economic systems. Theories of institutionalism related to investment are reduced to separate concepts of behavior of market participants and to the analysis of the investment climate. For the formation of international economic relations, an important element in determining the effectiveness of the global economy are approaches to institutional economics. The factor of high technology is an important factor in the formation of an economic institutional system. The subject of knowledge of institutional theory are institutions, and what are its advantages. The institute (as a subject of research), on the one hand, provides a broad view of the development of the economy and society, analysis of the economic system and society as a whole in interaction with other institutions, such as the state, and on the other - requires a deep and specific understanding institutions. From the point of view of representatives of institutionalism, institutions are a way of thinking and acting that is embodied in social customs, institutions, and rules. In the non-institutional direction, institutions are considered as factors influencing the decisions made by economic agents. The field of application of results. Directions for further development of the agricultural sector of the national economy depend on the investment policy that shapes the investment climate in the country and the ability of state institutions to implement it effectively. The investment process, as evidenced by world experience, is able to provide large-scale technical and technological renewal of the agricultural sector, which will result in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production and ensuring sustainable social and economic development of the country. Conclusions according to the article.It should be noted that according to the methodology of the system approach, investment activity has all the hallmarks of a system that is developing dynamically and is influenced by external and internal institutional environment. The development of Ukraine's economy in the conditions of deepening transformation and integration processes is characterized by increasing influence of uncertainties and risks of the modern institutional environment in which investment activities are carried out not only by national but also foreign investors. Increasing the degree of uncertainty of the investment process in the transformation of the national social and economic system is due primarily to the fact that in the transition to market relations remain institutions and institutions inherited from the previous economic system, and market institutions are not yet formed or poorly functioning. Also, the development of the investment process is influenced by the constant change of the economic situation and the situation and competition in the investment capital market, the introduction of new technologies and methods of organizing the production process, and so on. Thus, institutionalism is a productive direction in the development of investment activities.
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Beckie, Hugh J., Robert H. Gulden, Nasir Shaikh, Eric N. Johnson, Christian J. Willenborg, Clark A. Brenzil, Scott W. Shirriff, Chris Lozinski, and Greg Ford. "Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 2 (March 2015): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-328.
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Beckie, H. J., Gulden, R. H., Shaikh, N., Johnson, E. N., Willenborg, C. J., Brenzil, C. A., Shirriff, S. W., Lozinski, C. and Ford, G. 2015. Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 345–349. Previous surveys have documented the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia in Alberta in 2011 and 2012. To determine the incidence of GR kochia in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, a stratified-randomized survey of 342 sites (one population per site) in southern and central regions of Saskatchewan and a similar survey of 283 sites in southern Manitoba was conducted in the fall of 2013. Mature plants were collected, seed threshed, and progeny screened by spraying with a discriminating glyphosate dose of 900 g ae ha–1 under greenhouse conditions. Screening confirmed 17 GR kochia populations in nine municipalities in west-central or central Saskatchewan, but only two GR populations from different municipalities in the Red River Valley of Manitoba. While the majority of GR kochia populations in Saskatchewan originated in chemical-fallow fields, some populations were found in cropped fields (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; lentil, Lens culinaris Medik.; GR canola, Brassica napus L.) and non-cropped areas (oil well, roadside ditch). In Manitoba, the two populations occurred in fields cropped to GR corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Agronomic and economic impact of this GR weed biotype is compounded because of consistent multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. However, GR kochia is susceptible to dicamba, an increasingly important auxinic herbicide used for control of this multiple-resistant weed biotype.
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Macheret, D. A. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORT ON THE BASIS OF HISTORICAL COMPARISONS." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-27.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT Historical analysis made by the author shows that the emergence of new t ransport communications contributes to creation of new major economic and cultural centers, while traditional centers, which turned away from traffic flows, lose their meaning. Research of transport conditions in pre-Columbian America (absence of wheel, horse-drawn, with the exception for the Central Andean region, and horse transport, a lower level of water communications development in comparison with the Old World) allows us to conclude that the lack of vehicles and the lack of private initiative in transport sector essentially limited the possibilities of social and economic growth in ancient civilizations. Keywords: transport, socio-economic development, communication lines, ancient civilization, economic history, institutions. REFERENCES 1. Mises, L. von. Socialism. Economic and Sociological Analysis [Ekonomicheskij i sociologicheskij analiz. Transl. from English]. Мoscow, Catallaxy publ., 1994, 416 p. 2. Goldstone, J. Why Europe? The Rise of the West in World History 1500-1850 [Pochemu Evropa? Vozvyshenie Zapada v mirovoj istorii, 1500-1850: Transl. from English]. Moscow, Izd-vo Instituta Gajdara publ., 2014, 224 p. 3. Ivanenko, A. F. Analysis of economic activity in the railway transport [Analiz hozjajstvennoj dejatel’nosti na zheleznodorozhnom transporte]. Moscow. Marshrut publ., 2004, 568 p. 4. Allen, R. C. Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction [Global’naja ekonomicheskaja istoria: Kratkoe vvedenie: Transl. from English]. Moscow, Izd-vo Instituta Gajdara publ., 2013, 224 p. 5. Macheret, D. A. The impact of transport on socioeconomic development [Vlijanie transporta na social’noekonomicheskoe razvitie]. Ekonomika zheleznyh dorog, 2003, Iss. 10, pp. 16-19. 6. Macheret, D. A. Creation of Railway Network and Economic Growth. 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World History: A New Perspective [Vsemirnaja istoria. Novyj vzgljad: Transl. from English]. Moscow, AST; Astrel’ publ., 2010, 958 p. 19. Berezkin, Yu. E. The Incas. The historical experience of the empire [Inki. Istoricheskij opyt imperii]. Leningrad. Nauka publ., 1991, 230 p. 20. Ershova, G. G. Ancient America: a flight in time and space. Mesoamerica [Drevnjaja Amerika: polet vo vremeni i prostranstve. Mezoamerika]. Moscow. Aleteja publ., 2002, 392 p. 21. Bushnell, G. H. S. Peru: Ancient People and Places [Peru. Ot rannih ohotnikov do imperii inkov: Transl. from English]. Moscow, Centropoligraf publ., 2003, 190 p. 22. Macheret, D. A. Economy of Bottle Necks. World of Transport and Transportation, 2014, Vol. 12, Iss. 3, pp. 64-75. 23. Macheret, D. A. Time Multiplier in Transportation. World of Transport and Transportation, 2015, Vol. 13, Iss. 3, pp. 102-107. 24. Chernomordik, G. I., Kozin, B. S., Kozlov, I. T. 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Hasanah, Nur, and H. Hastuti. "UTILIZATION OF FOREST BY WOLASI SUB-DISRICT COMMUNITY, SOUTH SULAWESI." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.9435.
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This study aims to determine the utilization of forests conducted by communities in forest area of Wolasi sub-district. This research was conducted in Wolasi forest sub-district of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research methods used were survey and interview with 86 and 87 respondents with purposive sampling by plotting two different villages characteristics to represent forest utilization form in different area (villages in lowland landforms) and Aoma village (village has the shape of hilly terrain). The result of this study examining the forests utilization of inhabitants in Wolasi sub-district, which is represented by two topographic characteristics. Reseacher selected two similar conditions that engage the forest as a source of daily needs and workface that is considered as a resource, producing timber and non-timber products. Ranowila inhabitants occupations are dominated with farmers, while in Leleka village, despite being farmers, some inhabitants are craftsmen of non-timber forest products such as bamboo and rattan as well as furniture entrepreneur. This fact is influenced by residential areas that close to the forest and can be observed through the neighbourhood area which is close to the temporary forest area in Leleka Village. Temporary forest is located in an area which always extends land, since the topography circumstance encourages numerous people prefer to live closely towards their managed land. The forest is beneficial both in the term of land utilization or forest products,due to the distance there is limited knowledge,as well as limited work, it enhances low expenditure obtained.
Keywords: Utilization, Forest, Community in District Wolasi
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Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
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Alaufey, Rayan, and Maureen H. Tang. "A Mechanistic Investigation of Electrochemical Ozone Production Using Nickel and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide in Non-Aqueous Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642389mtgabs.
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Electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen has attracted great interest as an environmentally-friendly renewable fuel. While cathodic hydrogen evolution (HER) is a relatively fast process that produces a valuable chemical, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a slow process that adds little to no economic value to water splitting.1,2 Generating a high-performance oxidizer such as ozone instead of oxygen could make water splitting more economically feasible because of the added value of ozone. However, electrochemical ozone production (EOP) catalysts are typically hindered by low current efficiencies, poor selectivity, low stability, and high energy demands, which limit the industrial application of this reaction.3,4 Further improvements in catalyst performance could be achieved by better understanding the mechanism of ozone production. Nickel and antimony doped tin oxide (Ni/Sb-SnO2, NATO) is currently reported to have the highest EOP current efficiency at room temperature. However, the mechanism of EOP on NATO electrodes has not yet been established. A primary complication when studying the mechanism of EOP using NATO electrocatalysts in water is that oxygen atoms in the ozone molecule can originate from sources other than water, such as dissolved molecular oxygen or the electrocatalyst oxide lattice.1,5,6 In this work, lattice oxygen participation in EOP is investigated by replacing water with acetonitrile, a polar aprotic solvent without oxygen atoms. Our results show that ozone can be generated in acetonitrile in similar quantities as aqueous conditions.2 These quantities are inconsistent with a 6-electron process based on calculated current efficiencies. Furthermore, the addition of small quantities of water is shown to have a negative impact on ozone generation. The origin of this impact is thought to not be mechanistic in nature. Instead, we suggest that adding water to the mixture leads to the generation of hydroxide ions which act as ozone scavengers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of electrochemical ozone production in a non-aqueous solvent. Future work will more conclusively determine the origin of oxygen atoms using isotopic labeling. Furthermore, the ability of nonaqueous solvents to stabilize reactive oxygen species and impact selectivity will be investigated. Utilizing the knowledge gained by studying ozone generation in nonaqueous solvents, it might be possible to design a better EOP system which could enhance the applicability of this reaction. (1) Lees, C. M.; Lansing, J. L.; Morelly, S. L.; Lee, S. E.; Tang, M. H. Ni- and Sb-Doped SnO2 Electrocatalysts with High Current Efficiency for Ozone Production via Electrodeposited Nanostructures. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165 (16), E833. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0051816jes. (2) James L. Lansinga±, Lingyan Zhaob, Tana Siboonruanga, N. Harsha Attanayakea, Angela B. Leob, Peter Fatourosb, So Min Parkc, Kenneth R. Grahamc, John A. Keithb, Maureen Tang*a. Gd-Ni-Sb-SnO2 Electrocatalysts for Active and Selective Ozone Production. (3) Christensen, P. A.; Attidekou, P. S.; Egdell, R. G.; Maneelok, S.; Manning, D. A. C.; Palgrave, R. Identification of the Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Ozone Generation on Ni/Sb-SnO 2. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (2), 1188–1199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10521. (4) Wang, Y.-H.; Chen, Q.-Y. Anodic Materials for Electrocatalytic Ozone Generation. Int. J. Electrochem. 2013, 2013, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/128248. (5) Jiang, W.; Wang, S.; Liu, J.; Zheng, H.; Gu, Y.; Li, W.; Shi, H.; Li, S.; Zhong, X.; Wang, J. Lattice Oxygen of PbO 2 Induces Crystal Facet Dependent Electrochemical Ozone Production. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9 (14), 9010–9017. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA12277G. (6) Feng, J.; Johnson, D. C.; Lowery, S. N.; Carey, J. J. Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions: Evolution of Ozone. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141 (10), 2708–2711. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2059184.
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Gao, J., Y. Wang, C. W. Wang, and B. H. Lu. "First Report of Bacterial Root Rot of Ginseng Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0276-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is an economically valuable medicinal herb mainly planted in Jilin Province, China. In September 2013, during harvest, suspected bacterial rots were observed on ginseng roots with about 10% incidence in Fusong County, Jilin Province, China (127°29.48′ N, 42°11.12′ E). Rotted roots completely lost their economic value. Symptoms on roots began as water-soaked lesions, and developed rapidly into a soft, watery, decayed mass within 3 to 5 days. Three diseased root tissues were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed 3 times in sterilized water and cut into small pieces (2 to 3 mm). Tissues were then macerated for 5 min in sterilized water, streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) medium, and incubated at 28°C for 2 days. Representative colonies were selected from each plate and further purified by sub-culturing onto NA medium. Five strains of the bacteria were gram-negative, short straight rods, 0.5 to 1.0 × 1.5 to 3.0 μm with a single, polar flagellum. Colonies were round, smooth, translucent, and yellowish green on NA medium. The bacteria were identified based on physiological and biochemical tests as follows (3): They were levan and potato rot negative, oxidase, aerobic, and arginine dihydrolase positive, converted nitrate to N2, hydrolyzed gelatin, produced nitrites from nitrates, produced pyocyanin, and grew at 41°C. Bacterial identity was further confirmed by amplifying the 16S rRNA (1,461 bp), gyrB (1,134 bp), and 16S-23S ITS genes (523 bp) with 27F/1492R, UP1/UP2, and L1/L2 primer sets, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (NCBI Accession No. KJ156527), gyrB gene sequence (KJ748373), and 16S-23S ITS gene sequence (KJ748374) had 99% identity to that of Pseudomons aeruginosa strain BS01 (JQ229778), ATCC25011 (FJ652721), and ATCC15522 (AB547908), respectively. The strains were also identified by using BD Phoenix-100 Automated Microbiology System (BD Ltd., New Jersey) as P. aeruginosa with 99% confidence. A pathogenicity test was conducted by spraying a suspension of five strains individually (108 CFU/ml) onto 4-year-old ginseng roots (cv. Damaya) wounded with a sterilized needle. Five ginseng roots were inoculated with each strain and five ginseng roots were inoculated with sterilized water as controls. All inoculated plants were maintained at 28°C with 80 to 85% relative humidity. Soft, watery tissue rot symptoms developed 3 to 5 days after inoculation, and were similar to those observed on the diseased plants under natural conditions. In contrast, no symptoms developed on control plants. The bacteria were readily re-isolated from inoculated plants and identified as P. aeruginosa using bacterial colony morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, as well as sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, fulfiling Koch's postulates. The bacterium was not isolated from control plants. P. aeruginosa has been reported to cause diseases in a variety of plants including onion (1,2), arabidopsis, and sweet basil (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aeruginosa causing ginseng root rot in China. References: (1) E. J. Cother et al. Phytopathology 66:828, 1976. (2) X. J. Hao, and G. L. Xie. J. Plant Pathol. 88:340, 2006. (3) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for the Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd edition. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (4) T. S. Walker et al. Plant Physiol. 134:320, 2004.
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Nur Atika, Aisyah, Khutobah, Misno, Haidor, Lutfi Ariefianto, and Syarifudin. "Early Childhood Learning Quality in Pandalungan Community." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 13, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.132.07.
Full textAbstract:
The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education.
Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community
References:
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Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013
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Book chapters on the topic "Newcastle (N.S.W.) Economic conditions"
1
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Crop or forage yields may be nor (e.g., itude of the deficiency over so dmreap th e e ri rod th o an f ti t m he etm im al eloyr ( i a .e b . o , vceo in ncoirdm in aglwdiu th ri n cr g i ti acadlrpohueg no hltog if icraalinsfta ag ll esi ) saOsrm ga unc fo h r Britain, fifteen days, none of which received and effective (i.e., low intensity and high soil infil in thos iz aeats0. rieogni215 on 93m6m ]) . oSfupcrh ec a ip idteaftiinoint io [B n ri is ti suhnrReaailn is ftailcl trat H io yndrroaltoeg ). ical droughts are associated with the effects c se oam so mno al n . an M d os etxst where precipitation distributi m en e d te eodropleorg io ic daslw dr i o th uoguhttrd ai enff in al oln is of periods of precipitation shortfall on surface or sub relate actual precipitation depa itio a n re slsaukre fa cleevw els a , tegr ro su upnpdlwya ( tie .e r) ., rsa tr th ea emrftlhoawn , rweistehrvpor ir eca ip nid a ti mmoeun sc tasleosn . H monthly, seasonal, wa rtteurreyse ar t , ooraavnen ra ugaeltHay ti dornolsohgo ic rt aflald ls r o ( uDgrhatcsuapreetusaul. al1 ly 98o0u , t K of le pmheaSse1o9r8l7a ) g . are Aegqruiaclu ly lt uvraarliuam ble a . n perceptions of these conditions tdhreo ug o h cc ts u . rrM en e c te eoroof lo g m ic e a te lod ro ro lo uggihctasl re asnudltfargorm ic u p lt ruerca i l m on etperoercoilpoigtiacta io lddrroouugghhttto li n a ks various characteristics of pitation deficiencies; agricultural droughts are largely and potential nesvhaopro ta tr gaenss , gdriifcfuelrteun ra cles im bpea tw cts, focusing the result of soil moisture deficiencies. More time deficits, and piration (ET), seoeinlawca tu te arlien la o ps th es erbceo fo mrpeopnreenctispio ta fttihoenhdyedfr ic oileongciiceasla sy re s te d m et e (e c . tge . d , cdheapreancd te ern is tto ic nsop re fvoa rt i h li . ngAw plant’s demand for water is reservoirs, groundwater). As a result, impacts are out growth, and s t he ofphtyhse ic al sp eeactih fi ecrcpolnadnitt , i ons, biological of phase with those in other economic sectors. Also, the soil. and biological p it rsopsetratg ie esooffw riv a e te rs r ) i n is hoyfd te ro nlougsiecdalfo st rom ra ugletispy le st eam nd s ( ceo .g m ., preets in er gvopiu rs r , dorfocu ro gphst sh Aonu ld opaecrcaotu ional definition of agricultural poses (e.g., power generation, flood control, irri example, adted fi icfifeen re tnstub st natge fo srotfhe cr voap riable susceptibility gation, recreation), further complicating the sequence stage wil soil moisture idneavneleoaprm ly egnrt. o w Fo th r a in n d th q es ueansttiofriacgae ti osnyso te f m im sepsaccatlsa . te Csodm ur pientg it idornoufg or htw , aatnedrrseoq il u ir m em oi lsthuarveeliist tle su impact on final crop yield if top-conflicts between water users increase significantly. moisture en ctosn . ti Hnouw es e , v ffi ear ci , einft th teodm ef e ic eiten early growth The frequency and severity of hydrological drought result. substantial yie c ld y o lo fsss ub m so aiyli ( s19o6f6 te ) n de dfeifniendedaadtrotuhgehtr iv yeerarbaassionnescian le . whW ic hhiptphlee the The impacts of drought are crop specific because a ru gngo re ff g . atLeow ru -n fl oofwfifsre less than the long-term average betw m ee onstcrw op ea s. thPelra -s netn in s g it idvaetepshaenndolm og aitcuarla ti s o ta ngepserv io a d ry stfiomremapney ri osd tr efaam lls s . bIefqu th eenca ie cstuhaalvfelobweefnordea te srem le icnteeddahlisgohv te a m ry p between crops and locations. A period of hydrological drought lioswc on a si cdeerrtead in tothbreesihnop ld ro , gr th es esn . d se rnysic ti ovnedi era g ti roonts ur wt hmeasy tr ecsositnhca id teocw cu it rhsiancarsis ti occailatw io enatw stage for one he it r h -b Hio li w ty e v th ear, ttm he usntubmebeexrco ee fddeadystoanddeftihneelaevheyldorfop lo rgoibcaa l c ca ri n ti coafltesn ta rgeedu fo crea th neotrh is ekro cr fodpr . o A cr gorp ic while missing a drought period is somewhat arbitrary. These criteria ught ium lt pua ra cltpolnancn ro in pgs will Tvhaeryibm et p w ac etesnso tr f e am hy sda ro nldog ri ivcearl ba dsr in osu . ght in an." In Droughts, 41. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-29.
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