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1
Fion, Yi-Chun Lin. Conservation in Taiwan: A case study of a newly developed country. Oxford Brookes University, 2000.
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2
Shiells, Clinton R. Competition and complementarity between U.S. imports from developed and newly industrialized countries. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 1987.
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3
Christison, J. Application of a newly developed fermenter-purifier system for the production of fuel/alcohol. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1987.
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4
Korea) International Workshop on Newly Developed Innovative Technology for Soil and Water Conservation (2005 Suwŏn-si. International Workshop on Newly Developed Innovative Technology for Soil and Water Conservation: Suwon, Korea, May 31-June 2, 2005. Rural Development Administration, Food & Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2005.
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5
Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), ed. A landscape model for predicting potential natural vegetation of the Olympic Peninsula USA using boundary equations and newly developed environmental variables. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2011.
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6
Görgen, Klaus. Sensitivitätsstudien und Analyse von Atmosphäre-Meereis-Wechselwirkungen mit dem regionalen Atmosphärenmodell HIRHAM4 auf Basis eines neu entwickelten beobachtungsgestützten unteren Modellantriebs während ausgewählter Sommer über der Arktis, Laptewsee: Sensitivity studies and analysis of atmosphere-sea-ice-interactions with the regional atmospheric model HIRHAM4 using a newly developed observational lower boundary forcing dataset during selected summers over the Arctic/Laptev Sea. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2006.
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7
United, States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy Research Development Production and Regulation. Biodiesel energy and methane hydrate research: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Research, Development, Production, and Regulation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on S. 1141, to amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to take into account newly developed renewable energy-based fuels ... S. 1418 ... May 21, 1998. U.S. G.P.O., 1998.
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9
Adrianus Cornelis Theodoreus Van Duin. Biogeochemical Applications of a Newly Developed Carbocation Force Field. Delft Univ Pr, 1996.
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10
Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station., ed. Policy and procedures related to the release and distribution of newly developed plant materials. Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station, 1988.
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11
United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific., ed. Early development experience of the newly industrializing economies: Lessons for the least developed countries of the Asian and Pacific region. United Nations, 1995.
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Early development experience of the newly industrializing economies: lessons for the least developed countries of the Asian and Pacific region. United Nations, 1995.
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13
(Johor), World Express Marketing Services. Johor Bahru, road map & highway guide: The most comprehensive & detailed map that covers all newly developed MBJB & MBJBT housing areas = Peta panduan jalan & lebuhraya Johor Bahru. Cartographic Dept., World Express Marketing Services, 2002.
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14
World Express Mapping Sdn. Bhd. Map of P.J. & Subang Jaya: The most comprehensive map that covers all newly developed MPPJ & MPSJ housing areas, Bandar Sri Damansara, Bandar Utama ... ... Subang Jaya (The Klang Valley locality maps). World Express Mapping Sdn. Bhd, 2002.
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16
Betts, Jonathan. The History of the Chronometer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641383.003.0001.
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A newly researched history of the marine chronometer, from its earliest origins in the 17th century through to electronic instruments manufactured in the late 20th century. The narrative is written in a style intended to be interesting and accessible to readers outside the horological profession and technical matters are explained and illustrated in the simplest possible terms. The seminal contribution by clockmaker John Harrison (1693-1776) is newly assessed and discussed and the importance of the pioneers who developed marine timekeepers before and after Harrison’s break-though is emphasised and explained. The international context within which the chronometer evolved is discussed, and the contributions of nations other than Britain and France are included. This history follows on from the great work by R.T.Gould, The Marine Chronometer, its History and Development (1923), but brings the narrative up to date, whilst also adding the results of much further research, carried out since Gould’s time.
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Goodman, Nan. The Manufactured Millennium. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642822.003.0004.
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The Puritans reconceptualized the millennium—their vision of peace in the world to come. As a religiously inspired end-of-the-world scenario, most political and legal historians see the millennium as the product of Christian universalism, whose exclusionary and apocalyptic nature the law of nations was designed to overcome. Looking closely at its changing profile among late seventeenth-century Puritans, we find that the millennium developed in parallel with and was informed by the cosmopolis that stood geopolitically and hermeneutically at the center of the law of nations. Once described in abstract terms lacking spatial specificity, the reorganized geopolitical millennium appears in three book-length sermons by Cotton Mather and includes a variety of jurisdictions in what the West had considered newly discovered territories, such as the New World colonies, as well as newly appreciated old territories, such as the Ottoman Empire, giving it many of the attributes of a cosmopolis itself.
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Hahn, Tomie, and J. Scott Jordan. Sensible Objects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0010.
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This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examine the phenomenology dynamics that emerge during spontaneous interaction in a newly developed practice called banding. Specifically, participants are connected to each other via large rubber bands. An enactivist analysis of participants’ journals reveals participants undergo intense intercorporeal experiences with properties that are: disorienting; multiscale; conjure intercorporeal surprise and discovery; undergo patterns of change, in both groups and individuals; give rise to intercorporeal trust; and entail intercorporeal shifts in identity. The paper analyses how these properties might reflect the intercorporeal nature of everyday experiences.
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Raydugin, Yuri G. Modern Risk Quantification in Complex Projects. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844334.001.0001.
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There are multiple complaints that existing project risk quantification methods—both parametric and Monte Carlo—fail to produce accurate project duration and cost-risk contingencies in a majority of cases. It is shown that major components of project risk exposure—non-linear risk interactions—pertaining to complex projects are not taken into account. It is argued that a project system consists of two interacting subsystems: a project structure subsystem (PSS) and a project delivery subsystem (PDS). Any misalignments or imbalances between these two subsystems (PSS–PDS mismatches) are associated with the non-linear risk interactions. Principles of risk quantification are developed to take into account three types of non-linear risk interactions in complex projects: internal risk amplifications due to existing ‘chronic’ project system issues, knock-on interactions, and risk compounding. Modified bowtie diagrams for the three types of risk interactions are developed to identify and address interacting risks. A framework to visualize dynamic risk patterns in affinities of interacting risks is proposed. Required mathematical expressions and templates to factor relevant risk interactions to Monte Carlo models are developed. Business cases are discussed to demonstrate the power of the newly-developed non-linear Monte Carlo methodology (non-linear integrated schedule and cost risk analysis (N-SCRA)). A project system dynamics methodology based on rework cycles is adopted as a supporting risk quantification tool. Comparison of results yielded by the non-linear Monte Carlo and system dynamics models demonstrates a good alignment of the two methodologies. All developed Monte Carlo and system dynamics models are available on the book’s companion website.
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Anders, Tisa M. Betabeleros and the Western Nebraska Sugar Industry. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the newly founded and (soon to be) prosperous city of Scottsbluff in Western Nebraska as the chosen site for the first sugar factory in that region in 1910. Within a decade of its opening, Mexican and Mexican American migrant workers were the main group recruited for the fields. Finding that migrants successfully negotiated a variety of social, cultural, and economic challenges, the chapter considers how migrant workers and their families became part of the growing Scottsbluff community as the sugar industry developed. In addition to a variety of primary source materials, their labor and community-building efforts are brought to life through a series of oral history interviews.
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Mullen, Lisa A. MRI-Guided Core Biopsy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0057.
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MRI-guided breast biopsy techniques were developed to sample indeterminate and suspicious breast lesions visible only on MRI. Breast MRI performed for high-risk screening, problem solving, or assessment of extent of disease in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer may demonstrate indeterminate findings, such as enhancing foci, masses or non-mass enhancement. If the lesion is not visible by mammography or ultrasound, and MRI follow-up is not appropriate, then MRI-guided biopsy is indicated. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical changes, reviews the key points and procedural protocols and pitfalls for performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided breast core biopsy. Pre-, peri-, and post-procedure clinical management, radiology–pathology correlation, and imaging follow-up are also reviewed.
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Tjärnlund, Anna, and Ingrid E. Lundberg. Diagnostic and classification criteria. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0002.
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Diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is based on clinical features such as subacute progress of symmetrical weakness of proximal muscle and muscle fatigue, in combination with laboratory confirmation of myopathy, including elevated muscle enzyme levels in serum and histological demonstration of skeletal muscle inflammation, as well as fibre regeneration and degeneration in muscle biopsies. Several classification criteria for IIM have historically been proposed. New classification criteria for IIM have been developed, and are based on real patient data from adult and juvenile IIM cases worldwide. These criteria provide a probability of having IIM with defined cut-off values for categorizing ‘possible’, ‘probable’, and ‘definite’ IIM. Autoantibodies in IIM are becoming increasingly important for diagnosis and classification, and newly identified autoantibodies specific for inclusion body myositis may provide a future diagnostic tool.
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Munson, Kim A., ed. Comic Art in Museums. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496828118.001.0001.
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Over the last twenty years, the growing diversity in content and artistic innovation in graphic novels, comic books, and web comics combined with the popularity of films based on comics material have made comic art newly attractive to curators, museums, and university galleries. More artists identified with comics are getting big budget retrospectives, collecting institutions are mounting rich historical shows, and exhibits capitalizing on the popularity of all types of comics are popping up around the world. This book is an introduction to the history and controversies that have shaped comics exhibitions, who the pioneers were, different ideas about comic art exhibits around the world, how the best practices for displaying comics have developed and why, and how artists and curators have found ways to display comics that break away from the “framed pages on the wall” format. Using long out-of-print reviews and new material from experts such as Art Spiegelman, Denis Kitchen, and Andrei Molotiu, Comic Art in Museums maps out the history of influential shows of original comic art from newly rediscovered shows of the 1930’s to contemporary blockbusters like High and Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture and Masters of American Comics, as well as the critical dialogue surrounding these shows. To borrow a phrase from Theirry Groensteen, it’s the story of one way that comics have finally achieved “cultural legitimization.”
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Deletis, Vedran, Francesco Sala, and Sedat Ulkatan. Transcranial electrical stimulation and intraoperative neurophysiology of the corticospinal tract. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0008.
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Transcranial electrical stimulation is a well-recognized method for corticospinal tract (CT) activation. This article explains the use of TES during surgery and highlights the physiology of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). It describes the techniques and methods for brain stimulation and recording of responses. There are two factors that determine the depth of the current penetrating the brain, they are: choice of electrode montage for stimulation over the scalp and the intensity of stimulation. D-wave collision technique is a newly developed technique that allows mapping intraoperatively and finding the anatomical position of the CT within the surgically exposed spinal cord. Different mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology of postoperative paresis in brain and spinal cord surgeries so that different MEP monitoring criteria can be used to avoid irreversible damage and accurately predict the prognosis.
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et, Mokal. Examples for Implementing the Modular Approach beyond Specific Economic and Institutional Backgrounds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0007.
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This chapter presents four examples of how the Modular Approach could be designed and implemented in specific economic, institutional, and socio-economic frameworks. The country examples are fictional countries, but the factual background for each example is drawn from common characteristics of jurisdictions in the region. They illustrate how specific module choices can be made to create a fair, effective, and efficient MSME insolvency system. The first example is a European developed economy; the second is an Asia-Pacific newly industrialized economy; the third is an African emerging nation; and, finally, there is a European emerging nation country example, which could also apply to a central Asian emerging nation. These country examples are not proposing the optimal combination of modules; rather, they are to illustrate the types of choices that could be made, given particular socio-economic, financial, and institutional circumstances.
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van Miert, Dirk. On the Eve of Spinoza. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803935.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 demonstrates how biblical scholarship became part of normal public discourse in the course of the 1650s and 1660s. Discussions on the Sabbath, on usury, on long hair, on vernacular translations, on chronology, on the Septuagint all conspired to normalize textual criticism, linguistic analysis, and historical contextualization as ways of approaching the Bible, in juxtaposition with theological and dogmatic readings. Meanwhile, such theological discussions raged particularly in the 1660s, with pamphlet wars over newly voiced radical ideas. Together, all such disputes made very fertile ground for Spinoza’s radical biblical scholarship, which took its lead from precisely the philology developed and was made popular by Scaliger, the translators of the States’ Translation, Gomarus, Heinsius, Grotius, Saumaise, La Peyrère, Isaac Vossius, and a host of other participants in what had become a highly charged public debate over the status of the biblical text.
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Brinton, Louise A., Mia M. Gaudet, and Gretchen L. Gierach. Breast Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0045.
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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, with annual estimates of 1.7 million newly diagnosed cases and 522,000 deaths. Although more breast cancers are diagnosed in economically developed than in developing countries, the reverse is true for mortality, reflecting limited screening and less effective treatments in the latter. Breast cancer incidence has been on the rise in the United States for many years, but in recent years this is restricted to certain subgroups, while internationally there have been continued generalized increases, likely reflecting adoption of more Westernized lifestyles. Breast cancer is widely recognized as being hormonally influenced, with most of the established risk factors believed to reflect the influence of cumulative exposure of the breast to stimulatory effects of ovarian hormones—leading to increased cellular proliferation, which in turn can result in genetic errors during cell division.
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Cerna, Lucie. European High-Skilled Migration Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0005.
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The chapter argues that while Europe needs high-skilled immigrants to fill labour shortages and respond to ageing populations, it continues to struggle recruiting these immigrants due to incre asing political tensions over immigration, which can also affect the highly skilled. These tensions are visible in the varying national policies and Blue Card versions at the EU level. The chapter analyses demographic, economic, and political challenges in Europe and traces high-skilled immigration policy developments over the last decade, both in terms of national policies and the adoption of the EU Blue Card. To demonstrate the variation in Blue Card versions, the chapter presents a newly developed Blue Card Index (BCI) and compares it with an existing index of national high-skilled immigration policies. The indices highlight considerable variation in national policies and Blue Card versions. This has important policy implications, which are discussed in the concluding section.
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Gaetz, Michael B., and Kelly J. Jantzen. Electroencephalography. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.006.
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Axonal injury is currently considered to be the structural substrate behind most concussion-related neurological dysfunction. Because the principal generators of EEG fields are graded excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons, the EEG is well suited for characterizing large-scale functional disruptions associated with concussion induced metabolic and neurochemical changes, and for connecting those disruptions to deficits in behavior and cognition. This essay provides an overview of the use of EEG and newly developed analytical procedures for the measurement of functional impairment related to sport concussion. Elevations in delta and theta activity can be expected in a percentage of athletes and change in asymmetry and coherence may also be present. Newer techniques are likely to be of critical importance for understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of cognitive deficits and may provide additional insight into susceptibility to future injury. Computational modeling may advance our understanding of concussion.
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Abrahams, Sharon, and Christopher Crockford. Cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in ALS and its assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0008.
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Cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) occurs in up to half of patients with a spectrum from ALS with no cognitive or behavioural impairment to ALS with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ~ 15% have a full blown ALS-FTD syndrome, while ~ 35% show milder and specific deficits on verbal fluency, executive and language functions and social cognition. Patients may show a behavioural syndrome that ranges from mild specific difficulties to changes that fulfil diagnostic criteria for behavioural variant-FTD. Apathy is the most prevalent symptom, but disinhibition, perseveration, loss of sympathy/empathy, and change in eating behaviour are also described. The importance of assessment is increasingly recognized. A distinction is made between brief assessment tools useful within ALS clinics and more extensive neuropsychological assessment by a qualified clinical neuropsychologist. Newly developed assessments specifically designed for ALS are available and will make valuable contribution to clinical care.
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Guerrero, Nina, David Marcus, and Alan Turry. Poised in the Creative Now. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.10.
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Nordoff-Robbins music therapy was founded through the pioneering collaboration between Paul Nordoff (1909–1977), an accomplished composer and pianist, and Clive Robbins (1927–2011), an innovative special educator. Their partnership began in 1959 at Sunfield Children’s Homes in Worcestershire, England, and they worked together for approximately 16 years in Europe and the United States. In 1975, formal training began at the newly opened Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Centre in London. In the same year, Clive Robbins formed a new music therapy team with his wife Carol Robbins (1942–1996). The Robbins’ developed and disseminated the Nordoff-Robbins model, and in 1990 they established the Nordoff-Robbins Center for Music Therapy at New York University’s Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Throughout its history, the clinical techniques, training methods, and research within this model have been based in close engagement with clinical work.
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Wu, Kana, NaNa Keum, Reiko Nishihara, and Edward L. Giovannucci. Cancers of the Colon and Rectum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0036.
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Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second in women, with annual estimates of 1.4 million newly diagnosed cases and over 690,000 deaths. Incidence rates relate closely to economic development. Although incidence rates have stabilized at a high level in most economically developed countries, they continue to increase in many traditionally low-risk countries, following the uptake of Western patterns of diet and physical inactivity. In principle, CRC is among the most preventable of all common cancers. Potentially modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, high intake of red or processed meat, tobacco smoking, and heavy alcohol use. Several screening tests effectively reduce both the incidence and death rates of CRC through the detection of precancerous lesions and the treatment of early stage cancers. Despite the preventability of CRC, incidence rates over the last twenty years have decreased in only a few countries.
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Gagarin, Michael. Ancient Greek Law. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.6.
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This chapter gives an overview of law in ancient Greece. After discussing the unity of Greek law and scholarship on Greek law, it reviews the evidence for law in Gortyn (in Crete), including the Gortyn Law Code, in Sparta, and at greater length in Athens, which is best documented. Athens had a highly democratic legal system. Legislation was enacted by an Assembly open to all citizens, laws were written and publicly displayed, plaintiffs and defendants pleaded their own cases, and trials were judged by juries of 200 or more. Private disputes first went to arbitration. When no individual victim existed (e.g. public embezzlement), anyone could prosecute. There were no professional judges, prosecutors, or advocates, but the rule of law was largely observed. In Hellenistic Greece, law in cities remained relatively unchanged but in newly settled areas like Egypt, law developed very differently. Greek law had little influence on later law.
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Zur Nieden, Gesa. Symmetries in Spaces, Symmetries in Listening. Edited by Christian Thorau and Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.16.
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Based on the importance of the concept of symmetry in French sociological aesthetics circa 1900, this chapter analyzes the convergence of theaters, musical form, and musical understanding. The analysis focuses on architectural shape, audience response, and the musical repertoire in the new theaters built in Barcelona (1847), Paris (1862), and Rome (1880). While these theaters were fashioned after the baroque form of the “teatro all’italiana” that prevailed in Italy, France, and Spain during the late nineteenth century, they provided huge spaces accommodating a socially mixed audience within an architecturally symmetrical form. Music critics often aligned acoustic sound waves with actual visibility in the auditorium, and semicircular structures in the scenography on stage may have affected the reception of the musical performance. The newly built theaters arrived at a time when the “classical” music scene and a certain canon was developed, opposing the more “intellectual” audiences and repertories of contemporary music.
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McLean, Donald, and Claire-Louise Chapple. CT dosimetry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0015.
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The computed tomography (CT) medical examination is the highest single source of radiation to the general public in the developed world. Its use is rapidly growing, as is its technical complexity. The primary dosimetry formalism is based on the computed tomography dose index (CTDI), which can be measured in air or in standard phantoms using a calibrated pencil ionization chamber with adaptations for wide beam scanners. Displayed dose parameters can be used with caution to estimate patient organ doses, effective dose, and risk, using a variety of models and software. An understanding of automatic exposure control and the influence of patient size is essential when interpreting dosimetry results. CT examination protocols require optimisation, including the appropriate use of newly available dose reduction features. Particular consideration needs to be given to paediatric CT and to specialist applications such as radiotherapy planning, cardiac CT and volume imaging.
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Lu-Adler, Huaping. The Nature and Place of Logic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907136.003.0003.
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This chapter sketches a history of philosophy of logic from Aristotle, along with Epicurus and the early Stoics, to the late sixteenth century. The analysis revolves around the (supposedly) scientific status of logic on the one hand and its utility on the other. Following clues found in Kant’s works, the chapter explains how key questions about the nature and place of logic evolved over time. It tracks down a range of historically significant positions, represented by Avicenna, Averroës, Thomas Aquinas, and William of Ockham among others. In so doing, the discussion pays special attention to the newly developed conceptual apparatus, such as logica naturalis versus logica artificialis, logica utens versus logica docens, and scientia realis versus scientia rationalis. These distinctions would eventually come to fruition in Christian Wolff’s theory of logic, arguably the most formative source as well as a major target of Kant’s.
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Mukherjee, Joia S. Health Financing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662455.003.0012.
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As the world moves from vertical programs to Universal Health Coverage, governments must address health financing to develop systems. This chapter focuses on the financing of health care in impoverished countries. Health care is funded by a mix of financing—government expenditure, donor financing, out-of-pocket expenditures, and health insurance. From the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness of 2005 to the newly developed Framework Convention on Global Health, there is a growing movement for the shared global responsibility to finance the right to health. This chapter covers the evolution of health financing, from the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, the Gleneagles summit of 2005, and the Abuja Declaration in 2001, to recent novel financing and insurance schemes. The basic measures of macroeconomics are highlighted. Government, off-budget, and out-of-pocket expenditure are explained. Insurance and novel sources of health financing are discussed as they relate to financing and health as a human right.
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Guido, Ferrarini, and Saguato Paolo. Part III Trading, 11 Governance and Organization of Trading Venues: The Role of Financial Market Infrastructure Groups. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767671.003.0011.
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This chapter shows that MiFID II brings modest changes to trading venues in the EU: newly introduced Organized Trading Facilities (OTFs) will be the reference venues for a significant portion of derivatives trading; and regulated markets (RMs) and Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs) regimes have been aligned, with specific provisions to strengthen the governance of venues and operators. However, trading venues which have developed into Financial Markets Infrastructures (FMI) groups providing trading and post-trading services test the capacity of the current regime—and MiFID II itself—to oversee their activities and guarantee competition and stability. MiFID II does not explicitly take FMI groups into account; only three sets of rules address some of their potential risks. The authors conclude that this regulatory gap might threaten financial market stability, and regulators should consider a regulatory intervention, such as the experience of the regulatory and supervisory colleges of CCPs under EMIR and the regulatory framework of the financial conglomerates directive.
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De Vries, Catherine E. In or Out? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793380.003.0003.
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This chapter introduces a benchmark theory of public opinion towards European integration. Rather than relying on generic labels like support or scepticism, the chapter suggests that public opinion towards the EU is both multidimensional and multilevel in nature. People’s attitudes towards Europe are essentially based on a comparison between the benefits of the status quo of membership and those associated with an alternative state, namely one’s country being outside the EU. This comparison is coined the ‘EU differential’. When comparing these benefits, people rely on both their evaluations of the outcomes (policy evaluations) and the system that produces them (regime evaluations). This chapter presents a fine-grained conceptualization of what it means to be an EU supporter or Eurosceptic; it also designs a careful empirical measurement strategy to capture variation, both cross-nationally and over time. The chapter cross-validates these measures against a variety of existing and newly developed data sources.
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Davis, Joy Lawson, and Shawn Anthony Robinson. Being 3e, A New Look at Culturally Diverse Gifted Learners with Exceptional Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.003.0017.
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Our nation’s population of culturally diverse students continues to rise. Among this group are many whose intellect and creativity are often masked by behaviors often seen by classroom teachers as a deficit or in such need of correction that the same student’s gifts are seldom given any attention and therefore, go under-developed. Teachers with broader cultural experience, training, and openness to diverse expressions of intelligence and creativity tend to fare better when working with diverse learners and are able to capitalize on their strengths, despite specific disabling conditions. The challenges of being a culturally diverse learner with high potential and identifiable disabling conditions are complex and often troubling to students, their parents, and teachers. This newly conceptualized 3e status presents a quagmire of conditions requiring that educators view these students through a different set of lenses and utilize a more creative tool box of strategies to bring out the best in these often overlooked and misdiagnosed learners. This chapter will explore the challenges, provide real-life cases, and offer unique, but practical strategies matched to student traits. Recommendations will also be offered for parents and family members to enhance their role as advocates for their uniquely exceptional children.
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Bear, IJ, T. Biegler, and TR Scott. Alumina to Zirconia. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104884.
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Alumina to Zirconia is a history of the CSIRO Division of Mineral Chemistry, and tells the story of a significant part of Australia's mineral heritage.
 This history draws on the authors' long associations with the Division, anecdotal material, scattered records and photographs. What unfolds is a fascinating history of the Division of Mineral Chemistry, from its war-time origins as the Minerals Utilization Section in 1940, through several organisational changes under the guidance of four chiefs, until the end of 1987, when the name of the Division was changed to Mineral Products.
 In telling the story, Dr Joy Bear and her co-authors outline many of the main projects undertaken, highlight the achievements as well as the difficulties encountered in both the scientific and technological research itself, and in the commercialisation of newly developed processes. They also acknowledge the vital contributions of support staff, and acknowledge the close association of the Division with, and the contribution to research by, the Australian minerals industry. This is a story of scientific and technological achievement of the highest order.
 Alumina to Zirconia is essential reading for all those interested in the history of Australian science and its role in supporting the development of Australia's world class minerals industry.
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Heiss, Mary Ann. Fulfilling the Sacred Trust. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752704.001.0001.
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This book explores the implementation of international accountability for dependent territories under the United Nations during the early Cold War era. Although the Western nations that drafted the UN Charter saw the organization as a means of maintaining the international status quo they controlled, newly independent nations saw the UN as an instrument of decolonization and an agent of change disrupting global political norms. The book documents the unprecedented process through which these new nations came to wrest control of the United Nations from the World War II victors that founded it, allowing the UN to become a vehicle for global reform. It examines the consequences of these early changes on the global political landscape in the midst of heightened international tensions playing out in Europe, the developing world, and the UN General Assembly. The book puts this anti-colonial advocacy for accountability into perspective by making connections between the campaign for international accountability in the United Nations and other postwar international reform efforts such as the anti-apartheid movement, Pan-Africanism, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the drive for global human rights. Chronicling the combative history of this campaign, the book details the global impact of the larger UN reformist effort. It demonstrates the unintended impact of decolonization on the United Nations and its agenda, as well as the shift in global influence from the developed to the developing world.
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Thakur, Vineet. Postscripts on Independence. Edited by Siddharth Mallavarapu, Himadeep Muppidi, and Raymond Duvall. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479641.001.0001.
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India and South Africa, two states that bookended the process of twentieth century decoloniszation, punched above their weight in global politics in their initial years of liberation. This book analyses the foreign policy ideas, identity, and institutions of these two newly independent states. Theoretically, it argues that foreign policy is often more than just a reaction to global events; rather it is a site where ideas of nationhood are legitimized. Nehru’s India advanced the idea of ‘civilisational pacifism’ through its foreign policy, in turn sanctifying a particular idea of India—a non-violent, secular, and civilizational state. Likewise, in South Africa, ‘rainbow nation’ and ‘African renaissance’, two ideas internalized in the country through its foreign policy, contest for predominance. The book also narrates the institutional history of the early years of the Ministry of External Affairs in India and the Department of International Relations and Cooperation in South Africa. In particular, it investigates the relationship between the political leadership and the foreign office bureaucracy in these two countries and discusses how this relationship affected decision-making. The traditions of national identity-making in these countries have also influenced their respective ideas of bureaucratic ‘professionalism’, which lay at the heart of understanding why the two ministries have developed different organization cultures. This book is the first detailed theoretical and historical comparative analysis of the foreign policies of two emerging countries from the Global South: India and South Africa.
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Nalbantian, Tsolin. Armenians Beyond Diaspora. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458566.001.0001.
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A socio-political and cultural history of the Armenians in Cold War Lebanon, this book argues that Armenians around the world – in the face of the Genocide, and despite the absence of an independent nation-state after World War I – developed dynamic socio-political, cultural, ideological and ecclesiastical centres. And it focuses on one such centre, Beirut, in the postcolonial 1940s and 1950s. Tsolin Nalbantian explores Armenians’ discursive re-positioning within the newly independent Lebanese nation-state; the political-cultural impact (in Lebanon as well as Syria) of the 1946–8 repatriation initiative to Soviet Armenia; the 1956 Catholicos election; and the 1957 Lebanese elections and 1958 mini-civil war. What emerges is a post-Genocide Armenian history of – principally – power, renewal and presence, rather than one of loss and absence. Armenians Beyond Diaspora: Making Lebanon Their Own investigates Lebanese Armenians’ changing views of their place in the making of the Lebanese state and its wider Arab environment, and in relation to the Armenian Socialist Soviet Republic. It challenges the dominant Armenian historiography, which treats Lebanese Armenians as a subsidiary of an Armenian global diaspora, and contributes to an understanding of the development of class and sectarian cleavages that led to the breakdown of civil society in Lebanon from 1975. In highlighting the role of societal actors in the US–Soviet Cold War in the Middle East, it also questions the tendency to read Middle East history through the lens of dominant (Arab) nationalisms.
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Pollock, Emily Richmond. Opera After the Zero Hour. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190063733.001.0001.
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Opera after the Zero Hour argues that newly composed opera in West Germany after World War II was a site for the renegotiation of musical traditions during an era in which tradition had become politically fraught. The idea of the “Zero Hour,” which put a rhetorical caesura between National Socialism and postwar occupied and divided Germany, was belied by significant continuities with earlier periods and by repeated efforts at conservative restoration. Opera’s social, aesthetic, and political value systems made it an essential piece of this cultural ethos. Its conservatism was creative and multifaceted, and composers who wrote new operas developed a range of strategies to make opera modern while still drawing on the conventions of the genre. Different historical reference points and approaches to operatic tradition are exemplified through five case studies of works premiered in the first two postwar decades on the stages of West Germany. For these operas, this book presents source studies, close reading, and reviews as constellations to illuminate the politicized artistic environment that influenced both their creation and their reception. The argument also draws on historical information and the archives of German opera houses to contextualize new opera within institutions. Works written for postwar West German opera companies could be nuanced in their conception of and relationship to historic and modern ideas of what opera should be, and the reception of these works reveals tensions between particular interpretations of tradition, operaticism, and the future of opera.
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Turid, Stemre. 10 The IMO, the Polar Regions, and Global Ocean Governance: Newly Accessible Maritime Environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the content of the recently adopted Polar Code and outlines the methodology used in the working group of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) that led to the Code being developed and adopted. In doing so, the chapter provides invaluable insight into the workings of International Maritime Organization (IMO) committees. In addition, the chapter maintains that, in the absence of political will to do so, the intended results of this lengthy negotiation at IMO will not be achieved. An additional area this chapter identifies for further action concerns the International Life-saving Appliance (LSA) Code and the International Code for the Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP). This area urgently needs revision in order to take into account the new requirements of the Polar Code regarding procedures and performance standards.
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Barton, Gregory A. The Global History of Organic Farming. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199642533.001.0001.
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Organic farming is a major global movement that is changing land use and consumer habits around the world. This book tells the untold story of how the organic farming movement nearly faltered after an initial flurry of scientific interest and popular support. Drawing on newly unearthed archives, Barton argues that organic farming first gained popularity in an imperial milieu before shifting to the left of the political spectrum after decolonization and serving as a crucial middle stage of environmentalism. Modern organic protocols developed in British India under the guidance of Sir Albert Howard before spreading throughout parts of the British Empire, Europe, and the United States through the advocacy of his many followers and his second wife Louise. Organic farming advocates before and during the Second World War challenged the industrialization of agriculture and its reliance on chemical fertilizers. They came tantalizingly close to influencing government policy. The decolonization of the British Empire, the success of industrial agriculture, and the purging of holistic ideas from medicine sidelined organic farming advocates who were viewed increasingly as cranks and kooks. Organic farming advocates continued to spread their anti-chemical farming message through a small community that deeply influenced Rachel Carson’s ideas in Silent Spring, a book that helped to legitimize anti-chemical concerns. The organic farming movement re-entered the scientific mainstream in the 1980s only with the reluctant backing of government policy. It has continued to grow in popularity ever since and continues to inspire those who seek to align agriculture and health.
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Paul, Sharon J. Art & Science in the Choral Rehearsal. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863760.001.0001.
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In recent decades, cognitive neuroscience research has increased our understanding of how the brain learns, retains, and recalls information. At the same time, social psychology researchers have developed insights into group dynamics, exploring what motivates individuals in a group to give their full effort, or conversely, what might instead inspire them to become freeloaders. This book explores the idea that choral conductors who better understand how the brain learns, and how individuals within groups function, can lead more efficient, productive, and enjoyable rehearsals. Armed with this knowledge, conductors can create rehearsal techniques which take advantage of certain fundamental brain and social psychology principles. Through such approaches, singers will become increasingly engaged physically and mentally in the rehearsal process. This book draws from a range of scientific studies to suggest and encourage effective, evidence-based techniques, and can help serve to reset and inspire new approaches toward teaching. Each chapter outlines exercises and creative ideas for conductors and music teachers, including the importance of embedding problem solving into rehearsal, the use of multiple entry points for newly acquired information, techniques to encourage an emotional connection to the music, and ways to incorporate writing exercises into rehearsal. Additional topics include brain-compatible teaching strategies to complement thorough score study, the science behind motivation, the role imagination plays in teaching, the psychology of rehearsal, and conducting tips and advice. All of these brain-friendly strategies serve to encourage singers’ active participation in rehearsals, with the goal of motivating beautiful, inspired, and memorable performances.
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Batt, Jennifer. Class, Patronage, and Poetry in Hanoverian England. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859666.001.0001.
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This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous Threshing Poet’. In 1730, Duck became the most famous agricultural labourer in the nation when his writing won him the patronage of Queen Caroline. The man, and the writing he produced, intrigued contemporaries. How was it possible, they asked, for an agricultural labourer to become a poet? What would a thresher write? Did he really deserve royal patronage, and what would he do with such an honour? How should he be supported? And was he an isolated prodigy, or were there others like him, equally deserving of support? Duck’s remarkable story reveals the tolerances, and intolerances, of the Hanoverian social order. This book sheds new light on the poet’s early life, revealing how the farm labourer developed an interest in poetry; how he wrote his most famous poem, ‘The Thresher’s Labour’; how his public identity as the ‘famous Threshing Poet’ took shape; and how he came to be positioned as a figurehead of labouring-class writing. It explores how the patronage Duck received shaped his writing; how he came to reconceive his relationship with land, labour, and leisure; and how he made use of his newly acquired classical learning to develop new friendships and career opportunities. And it reveals how, after Duck’s death, rumours about his suicide came to overshadow the achievements of his life. Both in life, and in death, this book argues, Duck provided both opportunity and provocation for thinking through the complex interplay of class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England.