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Lindström, Tommy. "Multivariate Hawkes Process Modeled News Flow: Forecasting Financial Markets." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157671.
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Within the quantitative financial community there are a lot of different approaches in forming profitable trading strategies. This is frequently performed by analyzing historical prices from different perspectives. Some have analyzed other factors than price that might provide insight in which way the market is heading, which in some cases have been successful. This thesis investigates if a news flow model based on a multivariate Hawkes process could give a peek into the future news flow, and if it can be used to successfully predict financial market movements in terms of logarithmic returns by utilizing regression and classification models such as support vector machines. The results show that the trained models perform poorly in general in terms of common regression and classification metrics. Applying the trained models in simple trading strategies show that in some cases they perform better than a buy-and-hold strategy. The ambiguous results indicate that the models might be profitable in trading strategies, but that the predictions might not be very reliable. The trained models cannot seem to find important structures in the predicted news flow relating to market returns, but before dismissing the news flow model entirely it might altered in some sense by, e.g., expanding the dataset with more observations and by looking at other granularities of time.Kvantitativa analytiker inom finansvärlden försöker med olika tillvägagångssätt utforma vinnande trading-strategier. Oftast görs detta genom att analysera historiska priser från olika perspektiv. Vissa har analyserat andra faktorer än prisrelaterade sådana, i hopp om att dessa ska ge insikt om vart marknaden är på väg, som i vissa fall har lyckats. Det här arbetet undersöker om en nyhetsflödesmodell baserad på en multivariat Hawkes-process kan ge en inblick i det framtida nyhetsflödet, och om det kan användas för att lyckosamt prediktera finansiella marknaders rörelser i termer av logaritmisk avkastning genom att nyttja regressions- och klassificeringsmodeller. Resultaten visar att de tränade modellerna generellt sett presterar dåligt i termer av vanliga regressions- och klassificeringsmått. Genom att applicera de tränade modellerna till enkelt utformade trading-strategier visas att i vissa fall kan dessa prestera bättre än en buy-and-hold-strategi. De tvetydiga resultaten indikerar att modellerna kan vara lönsamma, men att prediktionerna inte är särskilt pålitliga. De tränade modellerna verkar inte kunna finna viktiga strukturer i data från nyhetsflödesmodellen som relaterar till marknadsavkastningar, men innan nyhetflödesmodellen avfärdas skulle den kunna modifieras genom att, t. ex., utöka antalet observationer, och genom att undersöka andra tidsgranulariteter.
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Botha, Nicolene. "Dispatches from the front : war reporting as news genre, with special reference to news flow." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/916.
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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During Gulf War II, the American government implemented new media policies which, due to their potentially manipulative impact, became a subject of concern to academics, social commentators and the media alike. Key to these policies was the Department of Defense's Embedded Media Program which allowed hundreds of selected reporters to accompany US forces to the war front. The US openly tried to win international support for the war, and critics felt that this policy was designed to saturate the media with reports supporting the American point of view. This study examines these policies, the history of war reporting as a separate news genre, as well as the fluctuating relations between the US military and the media. Because of the US media policies, the fact that only one South African newspaper reporter was in Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom phase of the war and South African newspapers' consequent reliance on foreign news sources, there was a real possibility that the American position would be propagated in the local press. To test whether this was the case, the way the war was reported on in four leading South African newspapers is examined in terms of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing. Using an adapted version op Propp's fairytale analysis as a standard, it compares the slant and content of the South African coverage to the way four senior US government officials presented the war. Also, the coverage of the newspapers is compared to one another. The analyses indicate that while most of the information published by the newspapers came from American sources, the news reports generally did not mirror the US standpoint, but instead criticised President Bush and the war on Iraq. Neither the frequency of the newspapers, nor its cultural background showed any correlation with the way the war was depicted by the different newspapers. It is therefore concluded that while the US might have been successful in their attempt to "occupy the media territory" in terms of sources cited, they were not able to sway the opinion of the South African press in their favour. However, the US is aware of these failures and plans to rectify the mistakes made in Gulf War II by means of proactive global operations started in times of peace.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens die Tweede Golfoorlog het die Amerikaanse regering 'n nuwe mediabeleid ingestel wat weens die potensieel manipulerende impak daarvan ’n bron van kommer vir akademici, sosiale kommentators en die media self geword het. Sentraal tot hierdie nuwe beleid was die Departement van Verdediging se sogenaamde "Embedded Media Program" wat honderde uitgesoekte joernaliste toegelaat het om Amerikaanse magte na die oorlogsfront te vergesel. Die VSA het openlik probeer om internasionale steun vir die oorlog te werf en kritici het gevoel dat dié beleid ontwerp is om die media met nuusberigte wat die Amerikaanse standpunt steun, te versadig. Hierdie studie ondersoek dié beleid, die geskiedenis van oorlogsverslaggewing as afsonderlike nuus-genre, asook die wisselvallige verhouding tussen die Amerikaanse weermag en die media. Weens die Amerikaanse mediabeleid, die feit dat slegs een Suid-Afrikaanse koerantverslaggewer tydens die Operation Iraqi Freedom fase van die oorlog in Irak was en Suid-Afrikaanse koerante gevolglik van buitelandse nuusbronne afhanklik was, was daar 'n werklike moontlikheid dat die Amerikaanse posisie deur die plaaslike pers gepropageer kon word. Om te toets of dit die geval was, is die manier waarop in vier vooraanstaande Suid-Afrikaanse koerante oor die oorlog berig is, ondersoek in terme van hekwagterskap, agendastelling en raamskepping. Deur 'n aangepaste weergawe van Propp se feëverhaalanalise as maatstaf te gebruik, is die neiging en inhoud van die Suid- Afrikaanse dekking vergelyk met die manier waarop vier senior Amerikaanse amptenare die oorlog voorgehou het. Die koerante se dekking is ook met mekaar vergelyk. Die analises wys dat hoewel die meeste van die inligting wat deur die koerante gepubliseer is van Amerikaanse bronne kom, die nuusberigte oor die algemeen nie die Amerikaanse standpunt weerspieël nie, maar eerder krities teenoor President Bush en die oorlog teen Irak is. Nie die frekwensie van die koerante of die kulturele agtergrond daarvan het enige korrelasie getoon met die manier waarop die oorlog deur die verskillende koerante uitgebeeld is nie. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hoewel die VSA moontlik daarin geslaag het om die "mediaterrein te okkupeer" in terme van aangehaalde bronne, het hulle nie daarin geslaag om die Suid-Afrikaanse pers se opinie in hul guns te swaai nie. Die VSA is egter bewus van die foute wat tydens die Tweede Golfoorlog gemaak is en beplan om dit deur middel van proaktiewe globale operasies in vredestyd reg te stel.
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Benbow, Hannah-Lee. "'I like New Zealand best' : London correspondents for New Zealand newspapers, 1884-1942 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3047.
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This thesis addresses the roles and experiences of fourteen London correspondents for New Zealand newspapers, 1884-1942. It argues that these correspondents made a small but significant contribution to news flow into New Zealand and that the importance of London’s role as an imperial, cultural and news-flow metropole make it central to studies of the New Zealand press during this period. However, correspondents identities as New Zealanders and the unique requirements of the New Zealand press system were also important, meaning that correspondents and their correspondence need to be addressed in terms of layered identity and of both imperial and domestic press systems.
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Teng'o, Dan. "More of the Same: The Flow and Framing of African News on the Web sites of Five Western News Organizations and an African News Aggregator." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1217576335.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2009). Advisor: Max Grubb. Keywords: African news; news flow; framing; journalism; mass communication; agenda setting; gatekeeping. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-104).
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Li, Xiang. "Order flow analysis, technical analysis and macroeconomic news in the FX market." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495890.
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Stan, Denis-Emanuel. "News flow and trading activity: A study of investor attention and market predictability." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203276/1/Denis-Emanuel_Stan_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the relationship between investors' attention and movements in financial markets. Providing an explanation to the relationship between investor attention and market returns and return volatility, where attention is measured by Google search volume and two indirect price-based measures, investor attention does not contribute to return predictability however significant links to volatility are found. Furthermore, revisiting the joint volume-volatility relationship seeking to investigate the dynamic links of market volatility, trading volume, and investor attention (measured by Google search and Twitter tweet volume), investor attention provides a somewhat significant link for the rate at which investors seek market information.
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Wilson, Paul. "Constructing n(ews)-space : a theoretical model for the organisation and visualisation of complex and dynamic networked information flow." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343539.
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Al, Theidi Ahmad. "Al-Jazeera satellite channel: from regional to global : a question of objectivity and news flow." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273177.
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Chang, Qingqing. "Essays on Liquidity in Finance and Real Estate Markets." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378113690.
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Esperidião, Maria Cleidejane Silva. "Gigantes do telejornalismo mundial Mutações editoriais e tecnológicas das agências internacionais de notícias." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/947.
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Previous issue date: 2011-05-09This thesis focuses on the history of the news agencies‟ audiovisual divisions that act on an international scale (Reuters Television and Associated Press Television News), delimitating their operational characteristics within the informational flow, particularly the television news channels. It demonstrates, through the examination of case studies by Reuters TV and APTN, how the global news ecosystem functions, geared towards the broadcasting stations. This thesis carefully examines how this ecosystem behaves faced with the impact of the development of new media deriving from the web. It shows how the development of network digital technology led to editorial and logistical changes in the productive routine within the agencies, seen in this study as globalization‟s important social actors. Upon charting the agencies‟ commercial and structural dynamics, the hypothesis upheld here is that the vast majority of the news transmitted by these companies is determined by the political and economic interests of their biggest clients, which leads us to ratify, even today, 30 years after UNESCO‟s McBride Report was published, that there is still a great asymmetry in the international news in which countries, regions and subject matters are neglected and excluded. By looking upon the content of both agencies‟ output, the author concludes that western-led news agencies now appear to report an expressive number of stories dedicated to Asia. This thesis also claims that the bulk of their content is fed with news related to The United States and Western Europe. It shows that during dramatic and catastrophic media events, Reuters TV and APTN reassure their symbolic role by selling the idea of their news: unbiased, with accountability, diversity of themes and social actors. In these same events, news agencies also reinforce their role by organizing and packing the news. They also feed the global news system with constancy, speed and security.
Esta tese resgata a história das agências de notícias que atuam em escala internacional (Reuters Television e Associated Press Television News), delimitando suas características operacionais dentro do fluxo informacional do telejornalismo mundial. Por meio dos estudos de caso da Reuters TV e da APTN, a tese mostra o funcionamento do ecossistema noticioso global, voltado para as emissoras de televisão, explorando o entendimento de como ele se comporta a partir da irrupção das novas mídias advindas com a internet. Aponta como o desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais em rede provocou mudanças editoriais e logísticas na rotina produtiva das agências, vistas neste trabalho como importantes atores sociais da globalização. Ao mapear a dinâmica comercial e estrutural das agências, é sustentada a hipótese de que as reportagens transmitidas por essas empresas são, em sua maioria, determinadas pelos interesses políticos e econômicos de seus maiores clientes. Isso nos leva a ratificar que, ainda hoje, após 30 anos da publicação do Relatório McBride, da UNESCO, há uma assimetria no noticiário internacional, no qual alguns países, regiões e assuntos são negligenciados e excluídos. A tese revela, entre outros pontos, que as agências agora difundem um número expressivo de vídeos relacionados à Ásia e que a maior parte de suas reportagens tem imbricações com os Estados Unidos e/ou a Europa. Durante a cobertura midiática de eventos de grande impacto, as agências renovam seu capital simbólico vendendo a ideia de isenção, credibilidade e multiplicidade de vozes. Reforçam também papéis específicos: a organização do noticiário, a viabilização das imagens e a alimentação contínua, segura e veloz do fluxo informativo.
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Panthaki, Freyan. "Foreign exchange market reactions to news : a microstructure analysis of returns, volatility, and order flow from the Reuters D2000-2 electronic trading system." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2939/.
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The research in this thesis examines the effect of different kinds of news on high frequency order flow, exchange rate returns and volatility. The first chapter studies the impact of different aspects of central bank interventions (direction, size, frequency, timing), and news about these interventions, on exchange rate volatility. Briefly, we find that interventions decrease volatility contemporaneously but the effect is reversed in two hours. This effect is symmetric with respect to the direction of the intervention. The size and frequency of interventions are usually positively correlated with volatility. 9am and 2pm interventions have different effects on volatility, confirming that when the central bank chooses to intervene is important. The second chapter examines the intra-daily influence of a broad set of news reports, including variables which are not typically considered "fundamentals" in the context of standard models of exchange rate determination, and asks whether they too help predict exchange rate behavior. We also examine whether "news" not only impacts exchange rates directly, but also influences exchange rates via order flow (signed trade volume). We find that along with the standard fundamentals, both non-fundamental news and order flow matter. The last chapter examines intra-day foreign exchange market reactions to various types of intervention news (reported actual interventions, falsely reported interventions, oral interventions and unrequited interventions). Research has found that these operations can, under certain circumstances, effectively influence the level and volatility of exchange rates. Using Reuters' time-stamped newswire reports we are able to match the timing of intervention news to movements in intra-day exchange rates. Overall, the results indicate that along with actual interventions, other kinds of intervention news (including denials of intervention and unrequited interventions) and order flow matter. The results from these studies suggest that future models of exchange rate determination ought to include a broader concept of price relevant "news".
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Xie, Yutong. "Two Essays on Corporate Finance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93575.
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This Dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay examines how corporate financial policies depend on the properties of future cash flows. In contrast to prior literature, we investigate the role of asymmetries in the distributionof cash flows. We document the relevance of such asymmetries for firms' payout, liquidity, and capital structure policies. Policies are more sensitive to downside volatility and the directional effect of upside variation is often opposite that of downside. Controlling for cash flow volatility,policies significantly relate to measures of skewness. Firms adopt more conservative policies (lower propensity to pay, more cash, less leverage) when cash flow news is more negatively skewed.
The second essay addresses a mythical relationship between corporate payout and short-termism. Over the past 30 years, aggregate investment by US public corporations has declined, and corporate payout has increased. These facts are interpreted as evidence that public firms are plagued by short-termism and are foregoing valuable investment opportunities to support the large payouts. We find that large increases in corporate payout do not impact firm investment or innovative activities in the short run. In the long run, firms which increase their payout invest more in physical capital than control firms and that their RandD spending is comparable. Firms which increase their payout do not experience a decline in operating profitability or valuation in the long run. These conclusions hold when we restrict our attention to firms who persist in making large payouts and for those high payout firms that rely on internal funds. Our results are inconsistent with the view that unusually high payout harms the long-term viability of US firms. The evidence in the paper suggests that the high payers are from industries with declining growth opportunities but the firms themselves are expecting their high profitability and cash flow to persist.Doctor of Philosophy
Large increases or decreases in a company’s earnings or stock returns are breathcatching. Do such large changes contain information about the company’s future performance? If so, what information do they carry? My first essay answers these questions by looking into the data. We find that extreme stock returns do carry information about firms’ long-run performance, and this information effectively predicts firms’ financial decisions including payout, cash balance, and leverage. U.S. public firms have been decreasing their capital investment and increasing their cash payout to shareholders in the past 30 years. This create a concern because these firms are supposed to support economy growth and create jobs. Some commenters would conclude that if public firms payout so much money to shareholders, they would not have enough resource to support economy growth and create jobs. We try to find evidence from the data to support or refute this argument. The data shows that firms that payout a large amount of cash to shareholders do not reduce investment relative to their otherwise similar peers, neither in the short run nor in the long run. We also find that the firms that payout high amount are from industries with declining growth opportunities but the firms themselves are expecting their high profitability and cash flow to persist.
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SILVA, Valeria Vargas da. "AS INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS E OS INTERMEDIÁRIOS DA PRODUÇÃO E DO ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO JORNALÍSTICA." Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, 2015. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1512.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Journalism is the main of many ways to offer themes to discuss and shape the public opinion, but depends on a technical system to be transmitted. For over a hundred years, the information produced by the press were issued, stored, transmitted and received by the so-called mass communication vehicles, using centralized network, whose features are in material shortages, mass production and massification. This system separates in time and space emitters and receivers creating an unequal relation of power, in which large companies have controlled the informative flow, defining what facts would be aired as news. In 1995, the internet which information circulates under distributed network technology, has been appropriated by society, changing the ways of production, storage and transmission of information. The technology aroused the hope that this tool could provide a more dialogic and democratic communication. However, gradually, it is possible to notice new companies taking ownership of the technology of distributed network under which circulates the internet, generating a new control of the information flow. This research conducted a survey and a critical reflection of the different intermediaries between the fact and the news, both in centralized network and in the distributed network, aiming to arouse a discussion that provides new ideas for policies and alternatives for a more libertarian and democratic communication.
O jornalismo é um dos principais meios de oferta de temas para a discussão e formação da opinião pública, porém depende de um sistema técnico para ser transmitido. Durante mais de cem anos as informações produzidas pela imprensa foram emitidas, armazenadas, transmitidas e recebidas pelos chamados veículos de comunicação de massa que utilizam a rede centralizada cujas características estão na escassez material, produção em série e massificação. Esse sistema separa no tempo e no espaço emissores e receptores criando uma relação desigual de força em que as grandes empresas controlaram o fluxo informativo, definindo quais fatos seriam veiculados como notícia. Em 1995, a internet cuja informação circula sob a tecnologia da rede distribuída, foi apropriada pela sociedade, alterando a forma de produção, armazenamento e transmissão de informação. A tecnologia despertou a esperança de que esta ferramenta poderia proporcionar uma comunicação mais dialógica e democrática. Mas aos poucos pode-se perceber novas empresas se apropriando da tecnologia da rede distribuída sob a qual circula a internet, gerando um novo controle do fluxo informativo. Realizou-se nessa pesquisa um levantamento bibliográfico para estabelecer uma reflexão crítica dos diferentes intermediários entre fato e a notícia tanto da rede centralizada como na rede distribuída, objetivando despertar uma discussão que possa oferecer novas ideias para políticas, bem como alternativas para uma comunicação mais democrática e mais libertária.
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Andronoudis, Dimos. "Essays on risk, stock return volatility and R&D intensity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21278.
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This thesis consists of three empirical essays studying the capital market implications of the accounting for R&D costs. The first empirical study (Chapter 2) re-visits the debate over the positive R&D-returns relation. The second empirical study (Chapter 3) examines the risk relevance of current R&D accounting. The third empirical study (Chapter 4) explores the joint impact of R&D intensity and competition on the relative relevance of the idiosyncratic part of earnings. Prior research argues that the positive relation between current R&D activity and future returns is evidence of mispricing, a compensation for risk inherent in R&D or a transformation of the value/growth anomaly. The first empirical study contributes to this debate by taking into account the link between R&D activity, equity duration and systematic risk. This link motivates us to employ Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004)'s intertemporal asset pricing model (ICAPM) which accommodates stochastic discount rates and investors' intertemporal preferences. The results support a risk based explanation; R&D intensive firms are exposed to higher discount rate risk. Hedge portfolio strategies show that the mispricing explanations is not economically significant. The second empirical study contributes to prior research on the value relevance of financial reporting information on R&D, by proposing an alternative approach which relies on a return variance decomposition model. We find that R&D intensity has a significant influence on market participants' revisions of expectations regarding future discount rates (or, discount rate news) and future cash flows (or, cash flow news), thereby driving returns variance. We extend this investigation to assess the risk relevance of this information by means of its influence on the sensitivity of cash flow and discount rate news to the market news. Our findings suggest R&D intensity is associated with significant variation in the sensitivity of cash flow news to the market news which implies that financial reporting information on R&D is risk relevant. Interestingly, we do not establish a similar pattern with respect to the sensitivity of discount news to the market news which may dismiss the impact of sentiment in stock returns of R&D intensive firms. The third empirical study examines the effect of financial reporting information on R&D to the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings. More specifically, we investigate the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings through an extension of the Vuolteenaho (2002) model which decomposes return variance into its discount rate, idiosyncratic and common cash flow news. We demonstrate that the relative importance of idiosyncratic over common cash flow news in explaining return variance increases with firm-level R&D intensity. Extending this analysis, we find that this relation varies with the level of R&D investment concentration in the industry. Those results indicate that the market perceives that more pronounced R&D activity leads to outcomes that enable the firm to differentiate itself from its rivals. However, our results also suggest that the market perceives that this relation depends upon the underlying economics of the industry where the firm operates.
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Haentzschel, Carl Alexander. "News flows in Singapore." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15736.
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Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Entwicklung der Nachrichtenflüsse in Singapur zwischen 1965 und 2000 im Kontext der Diskusionen über die "Neue Weltinformationsordnung". Zwei der Leitfragen sind, wie sich die Nachrichtenflüsse in Singapur entwickelt haben und ob die Idee einer "Neuen Weltinformationsordnung" immer noch taugt, die Nachrichtenflüsse dort "ausgewogener und effizienter" zu machen. Die These ist, dass die Nachrichtenflüsse in Singapur in den vergangenen Dekaden zwar effizienter, aber nicht ausgewogener wurden. Die Dissertation schließt damit, dass es sich nach wie vor lohnt, über die Unausgewogenheit in den Nachrichtenflüssen dort zu diskutieren, wenngleich die Idee einer "Neuen Weltinformationsordnung" an sich unrealistisch und inzwischen veraltet ist.The subject of this dissertation is the development of news flows in Singapore between 1965 and 2000 in context with the discussions regarding the "New World Information Order". Two of the main questions are how the news flows have developed in Singapore and whether the idea of a "New World Information Order" is still useful to make the news flows there "more just and more efficient". The thesis is that the news flows in Singapore have become more efficient, but not more just in the past several decades. The dissertation concludes that it is still worth discussing the imbalances in the news flows there, even though the idea of the "New World Information Order" itself is unrealistic and outdated now.
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Below, Jelka Ninja. "Photojournalism in War and Armed Conflicts : Professional Photography and the Framing of Victimhood in World Press Photos of the Year." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131548.
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During the last decades, the presence of visual media has increased dramatically. However, very little empirical research has been carried out to determine the implication of the medium photograph as a visual information transmitter. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the characteristics of professional press photos that relate to war and armed conflicts and to examine the framing of victimhood. A thorough literature review as well as an iconographic interpretation of World Press Photos serves to ascertain data in order to permit answering the research questions. The World Press Photo Foundation is the subject of research as it represents the most prestigious international competition for press photography at present and thus acts as an agenda-setter. That highlights the implication of its decisions about professional photographs since its coverage of certain issues biases the international media coverage of the same. It also affects the development of professional photojournalism. In this context the meaning of photographs in today’s visual media societies can be discussed.
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McPake, Christopher C. "New continuous flow oxidation methodology." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3244/.
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The HOF.MeCN complex, formed from the reaction of elementary fluorine with aqueous acetonitrile, was discovered by Shlomo Rozen in 1987 and, in a series of publications, he demonstrated that the complex is a uniquely effective electrophilic oxygen transfer agent. However, it is estimated that the HOF.MeCN complex has a half life of a few hours at 0ºC and thus, must be produced and used immediately when required. In addition to this, highly exothermic, rapid oxidation processes can be problematic with reaction control and safety when reagents are added into an excess of a highly oxidizing medium. Consequently, scale-up of oxidations to a larger industrial level using the HOF.MeCN complex in batch processes would not be possible. In recent years, continuous flow reactors using microchannels have been viewed as a viable method for avoiding many of the problems encountered when a laboratory process is scaled-up. The low chemical inventory of such reactors means that even highly reactive reactions can be performed safely and, with the application of multiple reaction channels in parallel, large quantities of product can be easily obtained. In this thesis we present new continuous flow methodology for the in situ generation of HOF.MeCN and, without isolation, immediate substrate oxidation in a two-step process. The continuous process, therefore, provides a genuine method for oxidizing large quantities of material, without the problems associated with batch oxidations. Scale-up oxidations of various amines, alkenes, and anilines are also presented along with a safe and accurate method for calibrating HOF.MeCN amounts.
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Burman, Mitchell H. (Mitchell Henry). "New results in flow line analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11411.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-212).
by Mitchell H. Burman.
Ph.D.
19
Rafeeq, Ali. "Covering Conflicts: the coverage of Iraq War II by The New Zealand Herald, The Dominion Post and The Press." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mass Communication and Journalism, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/981.
Full textAbstract:
The New Zealand news media have covered Iraq War II extensively, and from different perspectives, shaped by reporting restrictions, public opinion and editorial policies of the media organisations. This thesis studies New Zealand's three largest daily newspapers' coverage during the invasion phase of the war exploring their reliance on global news agencies such as Reuters, AFP and AP and on elite British and US newspapers. The research also aims to explore the newspapers' dependence on global news agencies and other content providers and the extent of US and Coalition domination of the news agenda. Global news media, including mainstream news agencies which mostly rely on government and military officials for information on military conflicts such as Iraq War II, become channels for propaganda and facilitate elite sources to set the agenda for national and global audiences. A content analysis of the three daily newspapers - The New Zealand Herald, The Dominion Post and The Press - reveals that the war coverage in New Zealand was framed by international news agencies, US and UK newspapers. And their reliance on US and Coalition official sources in the news construction meant that they became vehicles for propaganda. The mainstream New Zealand newspapers' coverage of Iraq War II is examined through the contexts of globalisation, news flows, media-source relations, news management and propaganda as these are the issues that have shaped the war journalism discourse in New Zealand. As there have not been many studies in New Zealand of news media coverage of wars, this research is an opportunity for studying mainstream newspapers of a country that is not a direct participant in the war. It gives the opportunity to compare reporting by newspapers in a country not directly involved in Iraq War II with that of countries that are directly involved. What emerges from this study is that the level of involvement in a war is no longer the most important factor in determining the direction of news media coverage. News values, globalisation, economic interdependence, news flows and propaganda are all highly significant factors affecting coverage. This thesis shows that the US military and government sources dominated the news agenda through various media management strategies. The findings of this research also demonstrate the dominance of the global news agencies and US and UK publications as main content providers in the war coverage. The implication of this is that the few Western media outlets are able to set the news agenda for news retailers such as New Zealand newspapers, and their readers.
20
Jones, Michael Allen, and Michael Allen Jones. "MODXX- A new modular groundwater flow model." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626897.
Full textAbstract:
MODXX is a computer program for groundwater flow modeling, based on the U. S. Geological Survey standard, MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988). All capabilities of MODFLOW are preserved, and existing MODFLOW simulations will run as MODXX simulations. In addition, MODXX offers an assortment of new options and features for advanced users. MODXX also provides a more flexible modular platform to programmers by permitting the formulation of a wider variety of problems and the use of wider variety of solution techniques.
21
Roper, Kimberley Ann. "New flow chemistry methods for organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607846.
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Alpsten, Erik. "Modeling News Data Flows using Multivariate Hawkes Processes." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229061.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a multivariate Hawkes process approach to model flows of news data. The data is divided into classes based on the news' content and sentiment levels, such that each class contains a homogeneous type of observations. The arrival times of news in each class are related to a unique element in the multivariate Hawkes process. Given this framework, the massive and complex flow of information is given a more compact representation that describes the excitation connections between news classes, which in turn can be used to better predict the future flow of news data. Such a model has potential applications in areas such as finance and security. This thesis focuses especially on the different bucket sizes used in the discretization of the time scale as well as the differences in results that these imply. The study uses aggregated news data provided by RavenPack and software implementations are written in Python using the TensorFlow package. For the cases with larger bucket sizes and datasets containing a larger number of observations, the results suggest that the Hawkes models give a better fit to training data than the Poisson model alternatives. The Poisson models tend to give better performance when models trained on historic data are tested on subsequent data flows. Moreover, the connections between news classes are given to vary significantly depending on the underlying datasets. The results indicate that lack of observations in certain news classes lead to over-fitting in the training of the Hawkes models and that the model ought to be extended to take into account the deterministic and periodic behaviors of the news data flows.Detta examensarbete presenterar en multivariat hawkesprocess som modell för flöden av nyhetsdata. Den givna datan delas upp i klasser baserat på nyheternas ämnen och sentimentnivåer. På sådant sätt ges att varje klass innehåller en mer homogen typ av datapunkter. Ankomsttiden för nyheterna inom varje klass relateras till ett unikt element i den multivariata hawkesprocessen. Givet denna modell ges det massiva och komplexa informationsflödet en mer kompakt representation som beskriver kopplingarna mellan nyhetsgrupperna och som kan användas för att bättre predicera det framtida flödet av nyheter, vilket är av intresse inom områden som säkerhet och finans. Arbetet fokuserar framförallt på de olika storleksordningar som används vid diskretisering av tidsskalan, samt de skillnader i resultat som dessa implicerar. Studien använder aggregerad nyhetsdata från RavenPack och implementationen skrevs i Python med hjälp av TensorFlow. För testerna med större tidsskalor och dataset som innehåller större mängd observationer ger resultaten att hawkesmodellerna anpassas bättre till träningsdata än de enklare poissonmodellerna. Dock tenderar poissonmodellerna ge bättre prestanda när modellerna som tränats på historiska data sedan testas på efterföljande nyhetsdataflöden. Dessutom fås att kopplingarna mellan nyhetsklasserna varierar avsevärt beroende på underliggande dataset. Resultaten tyder på att bristen på observationer i vissa nyhetsgrupper leder till överpassning i träningen av hawkesmodellerna och att modellen bör utvidgas för att bättre ta hänsyn till de fenomen i nyhetsdataflödet som är deterministiska och periodiska.
23
Kailey, Patrick. "Debris flows in New Zealand Alpine Catchments." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7769.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to improve our knowledge of debris flow occurrence and behaviour in New Zealand. Detailed field data collected in four debris flow prone areas in New Zealand are presented and compared. The travel distance of these events is then modelled with an empiricalstatistical model, UBCDflow, and an analytical, “equivalent fluid” continuum model DAN-W. While field studies are useful, they are often not linked to the underlying mechanics of debris flow motion or compared with the behavior of small scale flows due to the inherent complexity and unknown boundary conditions in field scale flows. Physical modelling simplifies the situation and allows boundary conditions to be controlled. The second part of this research uses physical modelling, including a series of novel debris flow tests in a geotechnical centrifuge, to compare and contrast flow behaviour and mechanics of laboratory and field scale flows. The debris flows events investigated in the field were categorized into hillslope, torrent, or intermediate-type events. Hillslope events were less channelized and progressively deposited on high slope angles. Consequently, high friction coefficients were needed to model their mobility. Torrent flows entrained more material than hillslope flows and deposited on lower angle slopes in response to unconfinement on the debris flow fan. Friction coefficients back-calculated for torrent events were lower than for the hillslope flows, but still larger than most of the friction coefficients given for large, channelized, debris flow events in the literature. Intermediate events were similar to hillslope events in terms of deposition angle and best-fit friction coefficients, but were very confined. Both UBCDflow and DAN-W were found to be useful decision support tools, but the capability of each model was limited. Greater modelling capability was gained by using the volume change behaviour predicted by UBCDflow in DAN-W, as DAN-W simulates flow heights and velocities, but does not predict the depth of erosion. In the second part of the research, a geotechnical centrifuge is used to model debris flow processes in a larger acceleration field than earth’s gravity. While centrifuges have been used to model a variety of processes in other geotechnical problems, debris flows are a relatively new phenomenon to be tested on a centrifuge. The centrifuge was successful in increasing the frictional properties of flow, but viscous forces were still the dominant form of shear stress with the materials used. Markedly different flow behaviour of tests using different pore-fluid rheologies suggested that the dominant mechanism of shear resistance may have changed between confined, downslope movement and unconfined runout. The results also showed that in geotechnical centrifuge testing, the viscosity of the pore fluid scales with the g-level, N. This research is an important step in developing centrifuge testing as an accepted method of modelling debris flow processes. Finally, a brief comparison of friction slopes between small-scale 1-g flume tests and field scale flows suggests that 1-g flume experiments are able to model the mobility of field scale flows if the soil used is well-graded and the pore-fluid is not too viscous. This research shows that the the ability of laboratory scale flows to model large scale processes may not be as limited as previously suggested by some investigators.
24
Sampath, Prahladavaradan. "Program analysis using game semantics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313304.
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Curry, Cecilia W. "New methods for the computation of optical flow." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20164.
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Chen, Xu. "New formulation of optical flow for turbulence estimation." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0025/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le flot optique est un outil, prometteur et puissant, pour estimer le mouvement des objets de différentes natures, solides ou fluides. Il permet d’extraire les champs de vitesse à partir d’une séquence d’images. Dans cette étude, nous développons la méthode du flot optique pour récupérer, d’une manière précise, le champ de vitesse des mouvements turbulents incompressibles. L’estimation de turbulence consiste à minimiser une fonction d’énergie composée par un terme d’observation et un terme de régularisation. L’équation de transport d’un scalaire passif est alors employée pour représenter le terme d’observation. Cependant, dans le cas où le nombre de Reynolds est grand, et, à cause des contraintes optiques, l’image n’est pas pleinement résolue pour prendre en compte la physique de toutes les échelles de la turbulence. Pour compléter les informations manquantes liées aux physiques des petites échelles, nous adoptons une démarche similaire à celle de Large Eddy Simulation (LES), et, proposons d’utiliser le modèle mixte afin de tenir compte de l’interaction entre les grandes échelles et celles non-résolues. Quant au terme de régularisation, il se repose sur l’équation de continuité des fluides incompressibles. Les tests à l’aide des images synthétiques et expérimentales de la turbulence bi-dimensionnelle - des données des cas test de la communauté du flot optique -, ont non seulement validé notre démarche, mais montrent une amélioration significative des qualités des champs de vitesses extraites. Le cas du flot optique, en 3D, relève encore du défi dans le cas de l’estimation des champs de vitesse de la turbulence. D’une part, contrairement au 2D où il existe des cas tests bien établis, il n’existe pas, à notre connaissance, des séquences d’images 3D référentielles permettant de tester notre démarche et méthode. D’autre part, l’augmentation du coût d’estimation demande des algorithme adaptés. Ainsi, nous sommes amené à utiliser la simulation numérique directe d’écoulement turbulent en présence d’un scalaire passif, pour générer des données de scalaires afin d’évaluer la performance du flot optique. Nous prêtons également attention à l’effet du nombre de Schmidt qui caractérise la relation entre la diffusion moléculaire scalaire et la dissipation de turbulence. Les tests sont ensuite effectués avec cette base de données numériques. Les résultats montrent que la précision de l’estimation augmente avec des nombres de Schmidt plus élevés. Par ailleurs, l’influence du terme de régularisation est aussi étudié au travers deux équations qui se différencient par l’ordre spatial des dérivées partielles. Les résultats numériques montrent que l’équation avec un terme de régularisation de seconde-ordre est meilleure que celle de premier-ordreThe method of optical flow is a powerful tool for motion estimation. It is able to extract the dense velocity field from image sequence. In this study, we employ this method to retrieve precisely the incompressible turbulent motions. For 2D turbulence estimation, it consists in minimizing an objective function constituted by an observation term and a regularization one. The observation term is based on the transport equation of a passive scalar field. For non-fully resolved scalar images, we propose to use the mixed model in large eddy simulation (LES) to determine the interaction between large-scale motions and the unresolved ones. The regularization term is based on the continuity equation of 2D incompressible flows. Evaluation of the proposed formulation is done over synthetic and experimental images. In addition, we extend optical flow to three dimensional and multiple scalar databases are generated with direct numerical simulation (DNS) in order to evaluate the performance of optical flow in the 3D context. We propose two formulations differing by the order of the regularizer. Numerical results show that the formulation with second-order regularizer outperforms its first-order counterpart. We also draw special attention to the effect of Schmidt number, which characterizes the ratio between the molecular diffusion of the scalar and the dissipation of the turbulence. Results show that the precision of the estimation increases as the Schmidt number increases. Overall, optical flow has showcased its capability of reconstructing the turbulent flow with excellent accuracy. This method has all the potential and attributes to become an effective flow measurement approach in fluid mechanics community
27
CHEN, HSIN-LEI. "Ebb and Flow." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1196019524.
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Conley, Andrew Keller Herbert Bishop. "New plane shear flows /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1994. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10182005-102648.
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Pong, Lih. "Formal data flow diagrams (FDFD) : a petri-net based requirements specification language /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323019.
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Sun, Jiasui. "Globalisation, cultural flows and new technology : Taiwan as a borderland in the flow of culture : a case study of the publishing industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412548.
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Houston, Jonas H. "Developing Dendrifrom Facades Using Flow Nets as a Design Aid." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/670.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis highlights a method of arriving at form that minimizes the need for high end technology and complex mathematical models, yet has structural principles of load flow at the highlighted methods core. Similar to how graphical statics assisted earlier architects and engineers to arrive at form by relating form and forces, this thesis suggests a method of form finding that relates the flow of stresses within solid masses to possible load-bearing façades. Looking to nature, where an abundance of efficient structural solutions can be found, this thesis focuses on a tree-like structural form called the dendriform. In doing so, this thesis explores the idea that through an understanding of typical load flow patterns and the removal of minimally stressed material of the solid body, dendriforms can be revealed that qualitatively exemplify load flow yet maintain an architectural aesthetic.
32
Beharrell, Paul Anthony. "A new industrial application of magnetic separation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327333.
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Henseler, Andrea H. "New Immobilized Catalytic Systems for Batch and Flow Applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289345.
Full textAbstract:
Durant
el
transcurs
de
la
Tesi,
s’ha
desenvolupat
un
sistema
catalític
per
reaccions
aldòliques
altament
estereoselectives
en
flux
continu
basats
en
una
prolina
immobilitzada
en
una
resina
de
poliestirè.
S’ha
demostrat
la
seva
aplicació
com
a
catalitzador
per
a
la
síntesi
de
diferents
substrats,
i
la
seva
utilització
en
condicions
de
flux
continu
va
permetre
la
preparació
a
mitjana
escala
d’un
conjunt
d’adductes
aldòlics.
A
part,
s’han
preparat
diferents
aminoàcids
primaris
ancorats
en
una
resina
de
poliestirè
i
s’han
utilitzats
com
a
catalitzadors
per
reacciones
enantioselectives
del
tipus
aldòliques
i
Mannich.
De
tots
els
aminoàcids
provats,
el
derivat
de
treonina
és
el
que
va
mostrar
més
eficàcia
per
les
dues
reaccions
esmentades.
A
més,
amb
aquest
catalitzador
es
va
poder
portar
a
terme
una
sèrie
de
reaccions
del
tipus
Mannich
altament
enantioselectives
en
condicions
de
flux
continu.
Es
va
dur
a
terme
eficaçment
la
inserció
de
diòxid
de
carboni
a
oxirans
sota
condicions
suaus
de
reacció
en
presencia
d’un
derivat
del
pirogalol
immobilitzat
en
una
resina
de
poliestirè
altament
reciclable.Durante el transcurso de la Tesis, se ha desarrollado un sistema catalítico para reacciones aldólicas altamente estereoselectivas en flujo continuo basados en prolina inmovilizada en una resina de poliestireno. Se ha demostrado su aplicación como catalizador para la síntesis de diferentes substratos, y su utilización en condiciones de flujo continuo permitió la preparación a mediana escala de un conjunto de aductos aldólicos. A parte, se han preparado diferentes aminoácidos primarios anclados en resinas de poliéster y se han utilizado como catalizadores para reacciones enantioselectivas del tipo aldólicas y Mannich. De todos los aminoácidos provados, el derivado de treonina era el que mostró más eficacia para catalizar las dos reacciones comentadas. Además, con este catalizador se pudo llevar a cabo una serie de reacciones del tipo Mannich altamente enantioselectivas en condiciones de flujo continuo. Se llevó a cabo eficazmente la inserción de dióxido de carbono a oxiranos bajo condiciones suaves de reacción en presencia de un derivado del pirogalol inmovilizado en una resina de poliestireno altamente reciclable.
During the course of this thesis, a catalytic system for highly stereoselective aldol reactions in continuous operation has been developed based on polystyrene-‐ supported proline. The applicability to different substrates and the suitability of the flow system for repeated reuse allowing the medium scale preparation of a series of aldol adducts under a single set of reaction conditions has been demonstrated. Furthermore, different polystyrene-‐supported primary amino acids have been prepared and applied as catalysts for aldol and Mannich reactions. Out of the amino acid derivatives, immobilized threonine shows the best performance in both reactions. With this catalyst, a series Mannich reactions could be conducted under continuous flow conditions. In the presence of a highly recyclable polystyrene-‐ supported pyrogallol derivative, the insertion of carbon dioxide into oxiranes under mild conditions was accomplished.
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Downey, Paul. "New mechanisms of blood flow regulation in obstructive nephropathy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287205.
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Wong, Wai-tak. "Calibration of new sheared delay formulae for the estimation of queues and delays in TRANSYT /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21841482.
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Weeden, A. Curtis Jr, and Thomas III Maddock. "Simulation Of Groundwater Flow In The Rincon Valley Area And Mesilla Basin, New Mexico And Texas." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617629.
Full textAbstract:
A groundwater flow model was constructed for the Rincon Valley area and Mesilla
Basin. The system is dominated by the complex interaction of the Rio Grande, canals, laterals,
and drains with groundwater pumping. The primary purpose of the model was to aid the New
Mexico -Texas Water Commission in assessing options for water resources development in the
Lower Rio Grand Basin from Caballo Reservoir in New Mexico to El Paso, Texas. One such
assessment was to evaluate the effect of secondary irrigation releases from Caballo Reservoir on
the water budget. In addition, the model will eventually be linked to a surface water model
(BESTSM) being utilized by the New Mexico -Texas Water Commission to evaluate water
supply alternatives for El Paso, Texas.
Stress periods were specified on a seasonal basis, a primary irrigation season from March
through October and a secondary irrigation season from November through February. Analysis
of model output indicates that groundwater pumping decreases Rio Grande flows, secondary
irrigation season releases do not alter the water budget significantly, and that recharge and
discharge from aquifer storage are strongly related to the season.
37
Pong, Lih, and 龐立. "Formal data flow diagrams (FDFD): a petri-netbased requirements specification language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207406.
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Guiraud, Florence Nathalie. "Energy flows : empowering New Orleans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72633.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-121).
This thesis claims to develop alternative energy-harvesting systems by looking at their implementation at the residential scale in order to facilitate the economical autonomy of a community and thus improve its living conditions. It can be said that the evolution of the farming tools brought an opportunity of emancipation to farmers -- greater production yields than what was necessary to subsist were sold on markets thus increasing the economical power of the farmer and conceptually stretching the domestic space to the field owned. Taking the hurricane-devastated, slow-recovering New Orleans as a site for intervention, the thesis will challenge existing building materials for their flood resistance and reaction to an inundated environment while developing tools to harvest energy from the multiple environmental conditions present at this location. Ultimately, the thesis will try to demonstrate how these tools will influence geography and the concept of property. Six years after the devastation of hurricane Katrina, New Orleans is still struggling to gain economical growth solely depending on tourism and oil-related businesses. Louisiana's offshore oil industry benefits from an exemption of state taxation, creating an unbalanced economical and ecological situation. Louisiana's oil is being drilled without Louisiana receiving any monetary compensation, and the bayou's biodiversity is being devastated from reoccurring oil spills along with the dredging of the sediments at the bottom of the Mississippi river to facilitate the movement of tankers and protect settlements along the river's edge. New Orleans' population currently relies on the Army Corps of Engineers' infrastructure and a colonized oil industry to survive, while it could insure its own protection against natural disasters by regaining stewardship over land and water, and by competing with the oil industry through the creation of an alternate energy market. Through the investigation of newly developed materials and energy systems created for industrial uses, and by understanding their potential in the domestic realm, this thesis will seek to create new techniques of harvesting energy which will respond to the different climatic and topographical conditions present in New Orleans; the strong winds, the variations in tides, the current velocity of the Mississippi River and the potential of the bayou's biodiversity. Moreover, it hopes to generate new methods of residential constructions and typology, adapted to different disaster threat level conditions particular to the area, and potentially reorganize the domestic realm according to its new added functions. Recognizing the possibility of another flood in New Orleans and understanding the effect of the Army Corps of Engineer's flood prevention devices on the bayou's ecosystem, the thesis's methodology will require a thorough analysis of existing hydrological methods of flood protection and water based harvest, hydro-morphological and geomorphological patterns, creating a catalog of tools from which one may start speculating in the design phase. An analysis of selected urban and architectural precedents will be useful to assess the potential of each tool and its particular repercussions on the landscape and the organization of the greater urban form. Further analysis will be devoted to energy producing and harvesting devices, procuring the thesis with insights of their impact on existing infrastructure and their potential at the residential scale for both energy performance and architectural adaptation. The content of this research will be continuously tested. Other important implementation strategies, land organization and transformation will be investigated through different scales of physical models, constantly informing the specificity of the design to its physical and ecological environment.
by Florence Nathalie Guiraud.
M.Arch.
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Lee, Yan-pui, and 李昕鋇. "A new approach to presenting congestion level alerts to road users." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46541421.
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Nyrnes, Siri Ann. "New ultrasound flow modalities for evaluation of congenital heart defects." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sirkulasjon og bildediagnostikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27190.
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Smith, Katherine Nicole. "New Methodology for the Estimation of StreamVane Design Flow Profiles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82039.
Full textAbstract:
Inlet distortion research has become increasingly important over the past several years as demands for aircraft flight efficiency and performance has increased. To accommodate these demands, research progression has shifted the emphasis onto airframe-engine integration and improved understanding of engine operability in less than ideal conditions. Swirl distortion, which is considered a type of non-uniform inflow inlet distortion, is characterized by the presence of swirling flow in an inlet. The presence of swirling flow entering an engine can affect the compression systems performance and operability, therefore it is an area of current research.
A swirl distortion generation device created by Virginia Tech, identified as the StreamVane, has the ability to produce various swirl distortion flow profiles. In its current state, the StreamVane methodology generates a design swirl distortion at the trailing edge of the device. However, in many applications the plane at which the researcher wants a desired distortion is downstream of the StreamVane trailing edge. After the distortion is discharged from the StreamVane it develops as it moves downstream. Therefore, to more accurately replicate a desired swirl distortion at a given downstream plane, distortion development downstream of the StreamVane must be considered.
Currently Virginia Tech utilizes a numerical modeling design tool, designated StreamFlow, that generates predictions of how a StreamVane-generated distortion propagates downstream. However, due to the non-linear physics of the flow problem, StreamFlow cannot directly calculate an accurate inverse solution that can predict upstream conditions from a downstream boundary, as needed to design a StreamVane. To solve this problem, in this research, an efficient estimation process has been created, combining the use of the StreamFlow model with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation tool to estimate upstream flow profiles that will produce the desired downstream profiles. The process is designated the StreamFlow-MC2 Estimation Process.
The process was tested on four fundamental types of swirl distortions. The desired downstream distortion was input into the estimation process to predict an upstream profile that would create the desired downstream distortion. Using the estimated design profiles, 6-inch diameter StreamVanes were designed then wind tunnel tested to verify the distortion downstream. Analysis and experimental results show that using this method, the upstream distortion needed to create the desired distortion was estimated with excellent accuracy. Based on those results, the StreamFlow-MC2 Estimation Process was validated.Master of Science
42
Pevchin, Sergei V. "New efficient contact discontinuity capturing techniques in supersonic flow simulations." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164543/.
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Ng, Hoi Sum. "Petri nets for fault diagnosis and distribution automation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366530.
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Daniels, Benjamin. "Effects of Climate Nonstationarity on Low-Flow Models for Southern New England." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103565.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Noah SnyderIncreasing attention has been drawn to the need for reliable streamflow estimates at ungaged locations under a range of climatic and hydrologic conditions. Climate projections for the northeastern United States over the 21st century--which include significant increases in temperature and precipitation--could have broad impacts on streamflows, potentially reducing the accuracies of existing streamflow models for the region. This thesis investigates recent changes in daily flow-durations in southern New England, and examines their influence on the reliability of the low-flow models for Massachusetts presented by Ries and Friesz (2000). An analysis of discharge data collected at gaging sites through water year 2012 revealed increases in nearly all flow durations at sites across southern New England since the mid-20th century, whereas very low flows (quantiles at or above the 95-percent exceedance probability) generally showed decreases, especially since the 1990s. Twenty-year moving streamflow quantiles at each of ten selected exceedance probabilities were examined for the periods of record of 16 streamflow-gaging stations in southern New England. The beginning of water year 1992 appeared to mark an inflection point in low-flow quantiles, before which very low flows were steady or increasing, and after which these flows showed near-universal decreases. While the observed peak in 20-year low-flow quantiles around 1992 may be due to the statistical method used to calculate the quantile trends, the inflection point could also be an indicator of when increasing evapotranspiration surpassed increasing precipitation as the principal climatic driver of changes in low flows in southern New England. The general upward translation of the flow-duration curve observed over the last 60 years is very likely linked to increases in annual precipitation during this period, while the decreases in very low flows are likely due to changes in climatic variables (increasing summer temperatures and evapotranspiration rates), and amplified by anthropogenic factors (greater areas of impervious surfaces and increasing rates of surface- and ground-water withdrawal). The data suggest that increasing precipitation rates have already caused the Ries and Friesz (2000) equations for the median low flows (Q50 to Q75) to become biased towards underestimation, and decreases in very low flows threaten to render the models for these flows biased towards overestimation in the coming decades. The streamflow quantile trends (for both the entire period of record of the gaging stations and just the post-1992 period) for each of the ten flow-durations of interest were extended into the future to the point where the corresponding Ries and Friesz (2000) model would fail (when actual flow durations would be outside the 90-percent prediction intervals for the estimated flows for greater than 10% of sites). The models for the lowest streamflows are estimated to lose validity by as early as 2018. Climate change is predicted to have significant effects on streamflow characteristics in southern New England over the 21st century, and the results of this study indicate that the Ries and Freisz (2000) low-flow models should be reformulated using more recent streamflow data within the next decade, and validated every 20 years thereafter to ensure their accuracies are maintained despite the effects of regional nonstationarity
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Ngaza, Nyashadzashe. "Thermal field-flow fractionation (Thermal FFF) and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) as new tools for the analysis of block copolymers and their respective homopolymers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95836.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers contain a hydrophilic PEO block and a hydrophobic PS block. PS and PEO have different affinities for most organic solvents and as a result, the PS-b-PEO copolymers are difficult to characterize in solution. In order to achieve a complete characterization of their molecular heterogeneity different techniques have been used. Recently FFF has become a cutting edge technology for polymer analysis because it possesses a number of advantages over conventional SEC and other liquid chromatographic techniques. The mild operating conditions allow the analysis of delicate and sensitive complex analytes such as complex polymer assemblies. The ability to analyze polymers with ultrahigh molar masses has also contributed to its significance in the characterization of polymers. In this study, the FFF behaviour of PS-b-PEO copolymers as well as PS and PEO homopolymers was investigated using Thermal FFF in different organic solvents and AF4. The aim of the study was the correlation of the thermodynamic quality of the solvents and the elution behaviour of the polymers. Unfortunately, PEO homopolymers have been found to interact with the membrane in AF4. Therefore, they were best characterized in organic solvents using Thermal FFF. In contrast to AF4 no specific interactions occurred due to the absence of a membrane. Results for Thermal FFF showed that in all utilized solvents, PS and PEO homopolymers were separated in the direction of increasing molar mass. For PS-b-PEO copolymers the retention in selective (good) solvents for PS was dependent on the molar mass of the PS block in the block copolymer. This was explained by the fact that in poor solvents PEO adopts a collapsed coil conformation while PS is present in extended random coil conformation. Results also showed that polymer retention was dependent on the temperature programme utilized. The fractionations by Thermal FFF indicated that some of the PS-b-PEO copolymer samples contained PS and PEO homopolymers as by-products. After semi-preparative fractionation these homopolymers were qualitatively identified using FTIR spectroscopy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Polistireen-blok-poli(etileenoksied) (PS-b-PEO) ko-polimere bevat 'n hidrofiliese politetileen oksied (PEO) blok en 'n hidrofobiese polistireen (PS) blok. PS en PEO het verskillende affiniteite vir die meeste organiese oplosmiddels, dit bemoeilik die karakterisering van PS-b-PEO ko-polimere in oplossing. Ten einde 'n volledige karakterisering van hul molekulêre heterogeniteit te bepaal moet ‘n verskeidenheid van tegnieke gebruik word. Onlangs het veldvloeifraksionering (FFF) baie grond gewen tov polimeer analise, aangesien dit verskeie voordele het bo tradisionele chromatografiese tegnieke soos grootte-uitsluitingschromatografie (SEC). Die ligte operasionele omstandighede laat die ontleding van ‘n verskeidenheid van polimere toe, enige iets van delikate polimeer komplekse tot ultra hoë molekulêre massa. In hierdie studie is die FFF gedrag van PS-b-PEO ko-polimere asook PS en PEO homopolimere ondersoek met behulp van Termiese FFF(ThFFF) in verskillende organiese oplosmiddels en onsimmetriese vloei-veldvloeifraksionering(AF4). Die doel van die studie was om die verband tussen die termodinamiese gehalte van die oplosmiddels en die eluering gedrag van die polimere te bepaal. Analise van PEO homopolimere was onsuksesvol aangesien daar interaksie was met die membraan. PEO is dus net geanaliseer in organise oplosmiddels met behulp van ThFFF, aangesien daar geen membraan is nie. Analise met ThFFF het gewys dat skeiding plaasvind volgens ‘n toename in molekulêre massa in organise oplosmiddels. Vir PS-b-PEO ko-polimere die retensie in selektiewe (goeie) oplosmiddels vir PS was afhanklik van die molekulêre massa van die PS blok in die ko-polimeer. ‘n Moontlike teorie is dat die PEO blok ‘n ineengestorte spoel struktuur vorm terwyl die PS blok ‘n uitgestrekte lukraake vorm aan neem. Resultate het ook getoon dat die polimeer retensie afhanklik was van die temperatuur program wat gebruik is. Die fraksionering deur ThFFF het aangedui dat sommige van die PS-b-PEO kopolimeer monsters bestaan het uit PS en PEO homopolimere as by-produkte. Hierdie is kwalitatief bewys deur analise van die fraksies na fraksionering van die ko-polimere met behulp van FTIR spektroskopie.
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James, Matt. "Detailed characterisation of ground water nitrate/leachate flow in gravelly deposits using EM and GPR methods with particular reference to temporal flow changes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10270.
Full textAbstract:
Irthing Road is situated 20 kilometres north of the small town of Lumsden in Northern
Southland, New Zealand. Irthing Road is accessed from State Highway 97 and leads
north-west for 7 kilometres up the Irthing Creek Valley. The research site is situated 4.4
kilometres from the Irthing Road - State Highway 97 intersection and the area is at 300
metres elevation above sea level on gently south sloping Quaternary alluvial deposits.
The study was initiated by Environment Southland and Southern Geophysical Ltd with
the intention of investigating the potential uses of near surface geophysics in the mapping
of shallow groundwater contamination, specifically agriculturally sourced nitrates and
leachates. The changes in land use and the introduction of high density grazing of dairy
cattle on free draining soils in Southland has created cause for concern around the ease
at which large volumes of contaminants could potentially gain access to the shallow
groundwater system.
The investigation of the Irthing Road field site included: (1) background research into
historical land use changes that may have affected the area 2) a study of the Lumsden
area geological and hydrogeological setting 3) six trips to the field site throughout the
year to collect near surface geophysical data using a Geonics Ltd EM31-MK2, Dualem
Inc. DUAL-EM 421s, and Sensors & Software pulseEKKO Pro GPR system; 4) ground-
water testing conducted by Environment Southland; 5) an evaluation of the geophysical
and groundwater data sets to identify whether leachate concentrations were high enough
to register an anomalous response 6) the identification of how the groundwater system
at the Irthing Road field site behaves 7) a conclusion as to the effectiveness of all three
near surface geophysical techniques in this application.
The major conclusions that emerged from this study are: (1) the groundwater system
is transporting a large volume of water beneath the site and this leads to such effi-
cient removal of contaminants that the concentrations are not high enough to register a
response in the geophysical data 2) the groundwater system is highly sensitive to rain-
fall and this is a contributing factor to the variation within the geophysical data 3) the
Geonics Ltd EM31-MK2 and Sensors & Software pulseEKKO Pro GPR system returned
highly consistent results and have great potential in further contaminated groundwater
applications 4) Environment Southlands' DUAL-EM 421s needs more consistency, how-
ever the device has a lot of potential once reliability can be ensured 5) further research is
needed to determine the contamination
ow paths and destinations at a larger, regional
scale.
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Tabor, Gavin R. "New models of galactic cooling flows." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358712.
Full text
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Rissmann, Clinton Francis. "Using Surface Methods to Understand the Ohaaki Hydrothermal Field, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5027.
Full textAbstract:
After water vapour, CO₂ is the most abundant gas associated with magmatic hydrothermal systems. The
detection of anomalous soil temperature gradients, and/or a significant flux of magmatic volatiles, is
commonly the only surface signature of an underlying high temperature reservoir. For both heat (as water
vapour) and gas to ascend to the surface, structural permeability must exist, as the unmodified bulk
permeability of reservoir rock is too low to generate the focussed fluid flow typical of magmatic
hydrothermal systems. This thesis reports the investigation into the surface heat and mass flow of the
Ohaaki hydrothermal field using detailed surface measurements of CO₂ flux and heat flow. Detailed
surface measurements form the basis of geostatistical models that quantify and depict the spatial
variability of surface heat and mass flow, across the surface of both major thermal areas, as high
resolution pixel plots. These maps, in conjunction with earlier heat and mass flow studies, enable: (i)
estimates of the pre-production and current CO₂ emissions and heat flow for the Ohaaki Field; (ii)
interpretation of the shallow permeability structures governing fluid flow, and; (iii) the spatial
relationships between pressure-induced ground subsidence and permeability.
Heat flow and CO₂ flux surveys indicate that at Ohaaki the soil zone is the dominant (≥ 70% and up to
99%) pathway of heat and mass release to the atmosphere from the underlying hydrothermal reservoir.
Modelling indicates that although the total surface heat and mass flow at Ohaaki is small, it is highly
focused (i.e., high volume per unit area) relative to other fields within the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ).
Normalised CO₂ emissions are comparable to other volcanic and hydrothermal fields both regionally and
globally. Despite 20 years of production, there is little difference between pre-production and current CO₂
emission rates. However, the similarity of CO₂ emission rates masks a 40% increase in CO₂ emissions
from new areas of intense steaming ground that have developed in response to production of the field for
electrical energy production. This increase in thermal ground emissions is offset by emission losses
associated with the drying up of all steam heated pools and alkali-Cl outflows from the Ohaaki West
(OHW) thermal area, in response to production-induced pressure decline. The location of surface thermal
areas is governed by the occurrence of buried or partially emergent lava domes, whereas the magnitude of
CO₂ flux, mass flow, and heat flow occurring within each thermal area is determined by the proximity of
each dome (thermal areas) to major upflow zones.
Buried or partially emergent silicic lava domes act as cross-stratal pathways for fluid flow, connecting the
underlying reservoir to the surface, and bypassing several hundred metres of the poorly permeable Huka
Falls Formation (HFF) caprock. For each dome complex the permeable structures governing fluid flow
are varied. At Ohaaki West, thermal activity is controlled by a deep-rooted concentric fracture zone,
developed during eruption of the Ohaaki Rhyolite dome. Within the steam-heated Ohaaki East (OHE)
thermal area, flow is controlled by a high permeability fault damage zone (Broadlands Fault) developed
within the apex of the Broadlands Dacite dome. Structures controlling alkali-Cl fluid flow at OHW also
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appear to control the occurrence and shape of major subsidence bowls (e.g., the Main Ohaaki Subsidence
Bowl), the propagation of pressure decline to surface, and the development and localization of pore fluid
drainage. Across the remainder of the Ohaaki field low amplitude ground subsidence is controlled by the
extent of aquifer and aquitard units that underlie the HFF, and proximity to the margins of the hot water
reservoir. The correlation between the extent of low amplitude ground subsidence and the margins of the
field reflects the coupled relationship between the hot water reservoir and reservoir pressure. Only where
thick vapour-phase zones buffer the vertical propagation of deep-seated pressure decline to the surface
(i.e., OHE thermal area), is ground subsidence not correlated with subvertical structural permeability
developed within the HFF.
This thesis makes contributions to regional and global research on geothermal and hydrothermal systems
by: (i) quantifying the origin, mass, and upward transport of magmatic carbon from geothermal
reservoirs; (ii) assessing the changes to the natural surface heat and mass flow of the Ohaaki Field
following 20 years of production; (iii) establishing the utility of surface CO₂ flux and heat flow surveys to
identify major upflow zones, estimate minimum mass flow, and determine the enthalpy of reservoirs; (iv)
providing insight into the hydrothermal, structural and lithological controls over hydrothermal fluid flow;
(v) demonstrating the influence of extinct silicic lava domes as important structural elements in the
localisation of hydrothermal fluid flow; (vi) identifying the hydrostructural controls governing the spatial variability in the magnitude of pressure-induced ground subsidence, from which predictive models of subsidence risk may be defined, and; (vii) developing new technologies and characterising methods used for detailed assessment of surface heat and mass flow.
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Deadman, Benjamin Jade. "New tools for flow chemistry and the machine assisted synthesis of pharmaceuticals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648306.
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Anghel, Ionut Gheorghe. "Experimental Study of Post-Dryout Heat Transferin Annuli with Flow Obstacles." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reaktorteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-44071.
Full textAbstract:
An experimental study on post dryout heat transfer regime in annuli with flow obstacles was conducted in the High-pressure Water Test (HWAT) loop at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. An annulus consisting of two concentric heated pipes (12.7x24.3) mm, with total heated length equal to 3650 mm was employed as a test section. Three kinds of flow obstacles were used: pin-spacers, cylindrical obstacles and grid obstacles. The experiments performed in the test section with pin-spacers only were considered as the reference case. In two consecutive sets of runs, additional obstacles were placed inside the flow channel while keeping the pin spacers in the same positions. In that way the net effect of obstacles on heat transfer was measured. The experimental investigations were performed in a wide range of the operational conditions: mass flux (500-1750) kg/(m2s), inlet subcooling (10-40) K and system pressure (5-7) MPa. The wall superheat was measured at 88 different axial positions (40 on the inner tube and 48 on the outer tube) for the conditions mentioned above. A local heat transfer coefficient was calculated based on the measured annulus wall temperatures and the saturated fluid (water) properties. The results show an enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient downstream of flow obstacles. The most significant influence has been observed in case of pin spacers. This result is consistent with blockage area of various obstacles, which was the highest in case of pin spacers. The data obtained in more than 200 runs were compared with two pre-dryout and post-dryout correlations. The correlations show a slight over-prediction of the heat transfer coefficient in both pre-dryout and post-dryout regions. The thesis contains a detailed description of experimental procedures as well as an analysis of the results of measurements.QC 20111024
SKC: Post Dryout Regime