Academic literature on the topic 'Newtonian bubble'

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Journal articles on the topic "Newtonian bubble"

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Rosenbaum, Eilis, Mehrdad Massoudi, and Kaushik Dayal. "Surfactant stabilized bubbles flowing in a Newtonian fluid." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 12 (2019): 3823–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519854508.

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Bubbles suspended in a fluid cause the suspension to have different rheological properties than the base fluid. In general, the viscosity of the suspension increases as the volume fraction of the bubbles is increased. A current application, and motivation for this study, is in wellbore cements used for hydrocarbon extraction and carbon sequestration. In these settings, the gas bubbles are dispersed into the cement to reduce the density as well as improve the properties for specific conditions or wellbore issues. In this paper, we use Stokesian dynamics to numerically simulate the behavior of a
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De Kee and, D., C. F. Chan Man Fong, and J. Yao. "Bubble Shape in Non-Newtonian Fluids." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 5 (2002): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1480822.

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The study of the behavior of bubbles in complex fluids is of industrial as well as of academic importance. Bubble velocity-volume relations, bubble shapes, as well as viscous, elastic, and surfactant effects play a role in bubble dynamics. In this note we extend the analysis of Richardson to a non-Newtonian fluid.
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Kontaxi, Georgia, Yorgos G. Stergiou, and Aikaterini A. Mouza. "Experimental Study of Bubble Formation from a Micro-Tube in Non-Newtonian Fluid." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010071.

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Over the last few years, microbubbles have found application in biomedicine. In this study, the characteristics of bubbles formed when air is introduced from a micro-tube (internal diameter 110 μm) in non-Newtonian shear thinning fluids are studied. The dependence of the release time and the size of the bubbles on the gas phase rate and liquid phase properties is investigated. The geometrical characteristics of the bubbles are also compared with those formed in Newtonian fluids with similar physical properties. It was found that the final diameter of the bubbles increases by increasing the gas
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Kontaxi, Georgia, Yorgos G. Stergiou, and Aikaterini A. Mouza. "Experimental Study of Bubble Formation from a Micro-Tube in Non-Newtonian Fluid." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010071.

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Over the last few years, microbubbles have found application in biomedicine. In this study, the characteristics of bubbles formed when air is introduced from a micro-tube (internal diameter 110 μm) in non-Newtonian shear thinning fluids are studied. The dependence of the release time and the size of the bubbles on the gas phase rate and liquid phase properties is investigated. The geometrical characteristics of the bubbles are also compared with those formed in Newtonian fluids with similar physical properties. It was found that the final diameter of the bubbles increases by increasing the gas
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Long, Li. "Simulation analysis of bubble coalescence behavior characteristics in Newtonian fluids based on the phase field method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2707, no. 1 (2024): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2707/1/012123.

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Abstract Gas-liquid two-phase flow is widely used in various fields of chemical production because of its stability. The bubble coalescence behavior significantly impacts bubbles’ size, shape, and movement. These parameters are essential for interphase mass, heat transfer processes, and equipment performance. This paper presents a simulation study of the bubble coalescence behavior of Newtonian fluids using the phase field method through simulation software. The relative location of bubbles were divided into three types: vertical, parallel and random; and also the distribution of bubbles can b
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Shan, Jie, and Xiaojun Zhou. "The Effect of Bubbles on Particle Migration in Non-Newtonian Fluids." Separations 8, no. 4 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8040036.

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The movement of the gas–liquid interface caused by the movement of the bubble position will have an impact on the starting conditions for particle migration. This article quantifies the influence of moving bubbles on the starting conditions of particle migration in non-Newtonian fluids, and it aims to better understand the influence of bubbles moving in non-Newtonian fluids on particle migration to achieve more effective control. First, the forces and moments acting on the particles are analyzed; then, fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, extended DLVO (Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbe
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Long, Li. "Simulation analysis of bubble coalescence behavior characteristics in non-Newtonian fluids based on the phase field method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2707, no. 1 (2024): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2707/1/012132.

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Abstract Gas-liquid two-phase flow is widely used in various fields of chemical production because of its stability. The bubble coalescence behavior has a significant impact on the size, shape and movement of bubbles. These parameters are important parameters for affecting the interphase mass and heat transfer processes and equipment performance. This paper presents a simulation study of the bubble coalescence behavior of non-Newtonian fluids using the phase field method through simulation software. The relative location of bubbles were divided into three types: vertical, parallel and random;
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Aquino, Andrea, Davide Picchi, and Pietro Poesio. "Modeling the motion of a Taylor bubble in a microchannel through a shear-thinning fluid." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131205006.

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Applications of multiphase flows in microchannels as chemical and biological reactors and cooling systems for microelectronic devices typically present liquid slugs alternated with bubbles of elongated shape, the Taylor bubbles. These occupy almost entirely the cross-section of the channel and present a hemispherical front and a liquid layer, the lubrication film, which separates the gas from the tube wall. The Taylor bubble perturbs the surrounding fluids activating many transport mechanisms in the proximity of the gas-liquid interface; therefore, the bubble motion significantly influences th
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Islam, Md Tariqul, P. Ganesan, and Ji Cheng. "A pair of bubbles’ rising dynamics in a xanthan gum solution: a CFD study." RSC Advances 5, no. 11 (2015): 7819–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15728a.

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The motion and interaction of a bubble pair in a non-Newtonian fluid are numerically simulated by a volume of fluid method. The effects of initial horizontal bubble interval, oblique alignment and fluid rheological properties on the pair of rising bubbles are evaluated.
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Almani, Sikandar, Muhammad Raheel Bawani, Ubedullah Ansari, Masroor Abro, Mashad Hussain, and Ali Abbas. "Design and fabrication of an indigenous confined bubble column: Investigation of single bubble ascent." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 44, no. 2 (2025): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.0053.

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In Chemical Process Industries (CPIs) like petrochemicals, biochemicals, and pharmaceuticals, gas-liquid interactions are crucial. Bubble columns are preferred for their low maintenance, absence of moving parts, and efficient mass transfer and mixing. Liquid phases in such systems often shift from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior, as seen in materials like molasses, cooking oil, and microalgae, affecting hydrodynamic parameters like gas holdup, mixing time and mass transfer. This study investigated single-bubble dynamics using an Indigenous confined bubble column (6 × 240 × 1140 mm³) in wat
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Newtonian bubble"

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Redmon, Jessica. "Stochastic Bubble Formation and Behavior in Non-Newtonian Fluids." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case15602738261697.

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Boehm, Michael. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO-PHASE PENETRATING FLOW OF NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN POLYMERIC FLUIDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS IN DRUG/GENE DELIVERY." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253548237.

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Wang, Yijie. "The Effect Of Non-Newtonian Rheology On Gas-Assisted Injection Molding Process." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1053622915.

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Mouline, Youssef. "Dynamique des bulles de gaz dans les milieux rhéologiquement complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL063N.

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Dans les procédés gaz-liquide, l'efficacité des transferts de matière et de chaleur est essentiellement contrôlée par la dynamique des bulles dans la phase liquide. L’étude du comportement des bulles de gaz dans un milieu liquide est donc d'un intérêt certain, tant sur le plan fondamental que sur le plan industriel, surtout lorsque le milieu liquide est non-newtonien. Notre étude a révélé que les propriétés rhéologiques de la phase liquide et la fréquence d'injection du gaz dans la colonne ont une influence importante sur la vitesse d'ascension des bulles. Dans les milieux viscoélastiques, des
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Monnet, Benjamin. "Fluides newtoniens et suspensions : bulle unique et vidange." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0014.

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Les écoulements multiphasiques (gaz/liquide/solide) sont présents dans de nombreux processus naturels et industriels. Malgré les nombreuses études sur ce sujet, sa physique riche et complexe soulève encore de nombreuses questions. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de quantifier d'une part la remontée d'une bulle unique dans un milieu confiné et d'autre part, la vidange d'un réservoir. Dans les deux cas, nous étudierons et comparerons les fluides newtoniens et les suspensions. Tout d'abord, nous avons regardé la vitesse et la forme d'une bulle remontant à la verticale dans un liquide newtonien.
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Cappello, Vincenzo. "Extrapolation des réacteurs agités gaz-liquide par modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'hydrodynamique, transferts et cinétique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC040.

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Dans le cadre de la production de bio-carburants, les fermenteurs agités aérés sont utilisés la culture de micro-organismes car ils permettent d’assurer un bon transfert d’oxygène entre gaz et liquide, tout en homogénéisant de manière efficace la concentration en substrats. Dans le cas de la production d’enzyme par le champignon filamenteux Trichoderma reesei (une étape clef de la production d’éthanol 2G), le transfert d’oxygène est dégradé par la rhéologie non-newtonienne du moût fermentaire. Par ailleurs, les volumes fermentaires nécessaires aux futures unités de production de bioéthanol son
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Mendes, Caroline Eliza. "Avaliação das condições hidrodinâmicas, de transferência de oxigênio e de cisalhamento em diferentes modelos e escalas de reatores pneumáticos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7928.

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Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-05T19:18:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCEMac.pdf: 12049463 bytes, checksum: acd65707762e60b912f35a2d267ad5b7 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:40:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCEMac.pdf: 12049463 bytes, checksum: acd65707762e60b912f35a2d267ad5b7 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:41:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCEMac.pdf: 12049463 bytes, checksum: acd65707762e60b912f35a2d267ad5b7 (MD5)<br>Made
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Mary, Gilles. "Prise en compte des effets du produit et du procédé au cours de l’opération de foisonnement par battage en continu - Analyse dimensionnelle". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0054/document.

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L'objet de cette étude est de mieux formaliser et modéliser de façon générique le processus de structuration d'un produit par le procédé de foisonnement, en reliant les paramètres opératoires aux propriétés des mousses formées et de contribuer ainsi à un meilleur pilotage de l'opération. Une ligne de foisonnement par battage en continu a été instrumentée et l'évolution du diamètre des bulles en fonction des paramètres du produit et du procédé a été suivie pour des milieux modèles newtoniens et rhéofluidifiants. L'analyse dimensionnelle à l'échelle du procédé a permis d'aboutir à un modèle phys
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Dewsbury, Kevin H. "Hydrodynamic study of free rise of solid particles and gas bubbles in non-Newtonian fluids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ58025.pdf.

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Zhang, Yuning. "Analysis of radial oscillations of gas bubbles in Newtonian or viscoelastic mediums under acoustic excitation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55427/.

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Acoustic cavitation plays an important role in a broad range of biomedical, chemical and oceanic engineering problems. For example, kidney stone can be crushed into the powder (being discharged naturally) by the acoustic cavitation generated by carefully controlled focused ultrasonic beams. Therefore, the prediction of generation of acoustic cavitation is essential to the aforementioned emerging non-invasive technique for kidney stone crushing. The objective of this PhD program is to study the generation of acoustic cavitation (e.g. through rectified mass diffusion across bubble interface) the
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Books on the topic "Newtonian bubble"

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Carew, Peter Simon. Bubble dynamics of non-Newtonian flows in inclined pipes for the prediction of gas kicks in oilwells. University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Bubbles, drops, and particles in non-Newtonian fluids. 2nd ed. CRC Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Coopersmith, Jennifer. The Principle of Virtual Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743040.003.0004.

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The meaning behind the mysterious Principle of Virtual Work is explained. Some worked examples in statics (equilibrium) are given, and the method of Virtual Work is compared and contrasted with the method of Newtonian Mechanics. The meaning of virtual displacements is explained very carefully. They must be ‘small’, happen simultaneously, and do not cause a force, result froma force, or take any time to occur. Counter to intuition, not all the actual displacements can be allowed as virtual displacements. Some examples worked through are: Feynman’s pivoting (cantilever) bar, a “black box,” a wei
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Chhabra, R. P. Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Chhabra, R. P. Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Patel, Swati A. Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

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Chhabra, R. P. Bubbles Drops and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Patel, Swati A. Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

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Bubbles, drops, and particles in non-Newtonian fluids. CRC Press, 1993.

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Patel, Swati A. Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Newtonian bubble"

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Zhang, Yidi, Xubo Cao, and Zhenzhen Li. "Interfacial Morphology of a Bubble Moving in Confined Channel Filled with Viscoelastic Fluid." In IUTAM Bookseries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78151-3_19.

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AbstractBubble motion in confined channels find applications ranging from carbon oxide sequestration to cardio-vascular embolism, and is ubiquitous in nature and industry. The confinement of bubbles in the channel causes the formation of a thin liquid film between gas and solid wall, whose flow field has been studied theoretically and especially for Newtonian fluids. Steadily moving bubbles in Newtonian fluids exhibits saddle shape. However, since a large amount of industrial and biological fluids are complex fluids, the motion of morphology of moving bubbles can be affected by non-Newtonian e
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Brujan, Emil-Alexandru. "Bubble Dynamics." In Cavitation in Non-Newtonian Fluids. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15343-3_3.

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Kumawat, Kapil Dev, Sachin Balasaheb Shinde, and Lalit Kumar. "Experimental Investigation of Bubble Rising in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids: A Comparative Assessment." In Green Energy and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2279-6_68.

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Sunder, Dasika, Ratnesh K. Shukla, and Dipak Vaghani. "Simulations of a Single Bubble Collapse in a Generalized Newtonian Fluid." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1033-1_21.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Non-Newtonian Fluid Behavior." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-2.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Fluid Particles in Non-Newtonian Media." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-6.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Rigid Particles in Time-Independent Liquids without a Yield Stress." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-3.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Fluidization and Hindered Settling." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-8.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Wall Effects." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-11.

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Chhabra, Raj P., and Swati A. Patel. "Introduction." In Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260759-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Newtonian bubble"

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Niazi, Erfan, Mehrzad Shams, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Population Balance Modeling for Non-Homogeneous Bubble Column: Effect of Fluid Rheology on Gas Dispersion." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72360.

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This work describes the development of a two-dimensional CFD model for gas-liquid flows in a bubble column. Population balance dynamic equation is solved for babbles including bubbles coalescence and break up in the column. Prince and Blanch model for bubbles coalescence extended to non-Newtonian rheology and used in the analysis. Luo and Svendsen model is used for bubbles breakup modeling and the k-e model equations are solved for analysis of primary fluid turbulence. Solutions of carboxy methyl cellulose in water with different concentrations are used as a non-Newtonian pesudoplastic liquid.
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Bamberger, Judith Ann, Carl W. Enderlin, and S. Tzemos. "Air Sparging for Mixing Non-Newtonian Slurries." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40833.

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The mechanics of air sparger systems have been primarily investigated for aqueous-based Newtonian fluids. Tilton et al. (1982) [1] describes the fluid mechanics of air sparging systems in non-Newtonian fluids as having two primary flow regions. A center region surrounding the sparger, referred to as the region of bubbles (ROB), contains upward flow due to the buoyant driving force of the rising bubbles. In an annular region, outside the ROB, referred to as the zone of influence (ZOI), the fluid flow is reversed and is opposed to the direction of bubble rise. Outside the ZOI the fluid is unaffe
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Niazi, Erfan, Mehrzad Shams, Arash Elahi, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Simulation of Gas – Non-Newtonian Liquid Flow in a Rectangular Bubble Column by Considering Bubbles Interactions." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72361.

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In this article a CFD model of a three-dimensional Eulerian-Lagrangian is developed for a gas - non-Newtonian liquid flow in a rectangular column. The model resolves the time-dependent, three-dimensional motion of gas bubbles in a liquid to simulate the trajectory of bubbles. Our model incorporates drag, gravity, buoyancy, lift, pressure gradient and virtual mass forces acting on a bubble rising in a liquid, and accounts for two-way momentum coupling between the phases. Population balance equation is solved to model bubble coalescence and break up. In bubble coalescence, Prince and Blanch mode
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Ihmoudah, Abdalsalam, Mohamed M. Awad, Aziz Rahman, and Stephen D. Butt. "Numerical Study on Gas-Yield Power-Law Fluid in T-Junction Minichannel." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4253.

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Abstract In this study, a computational examination of Taylor bubbles was performed for gas/non-Newtonian fluid two-phase flows developed in a minichannel T-junction mixer with a hydraulic diameter of 1 mm. The investigations employed three separate aqueous xanthan gum solutions at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 w/w, which are referred to as non-Newtonian (yield power-law) fluids. The effective concentration of the xanthan gum solutions and superficial velocity of the inlet liquid phase on the length, velocity, and shape of the Taylor bubbles was studied using the ANSYS FLUENT 19 softwar
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Williams, P. Rhodri, Rodhri L. Williams, and A. Al-Hussany. "Cavitation Phenomena in Thin Films of Newtonian, Non-Newtonian and Viscoelastic Fluids Due to Rapid Bubble Expansion Under Pulses of Negative Pressure." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45001.

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We report studies of the growth of a cavitation bubble in terms of the development of hydrodynamic pressures within the liquid close to the expanding bubble’s surface. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the possible consequences of cavitation bubble expansion in Newtonian and non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids (such as synovial fluid). Contrary to previous indications in the literature, non-Newtonian (specifically, shear-thinning) behaviour is found to be significant in this context, insofar as it may result in markedly enhanced tensions due to the pressure waves developed a
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De Kee, D., D. Rodrigue, and C. F. Chan Man Fong. "The Motion of Bubbles in Non-Newtonian Fluids." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0226.

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Abstract The drag and the rise velocity of a spherical bubble rising freely and slowly in an inelastic Carreau fluid are calculated by a perturbation method. Measurements of the rise velocity of gas bubbles in several Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are reported. The transition from the Stokes to the Hadamard-Rybczynski regimes has been observed and in the case of viscoelastic fluids a jump discontinuity in the velocity has also been recorded. An equation is proposed to predict the volume at which the jump discontinuity occurs and the prediction is in good agreement with the experimental da
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Jing, Silin, Xianzhi Song, Zhaopeng Zhu, Buwen Yu, and Shiming Duan. "Settling Behavior of Particles in Bubble Containing Newtonian Fluids: Experimental Study and Model Development." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62756.

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Abstract Accurate description of cuttings slippage in the gas-liquid phase is of great significance for wellbore cleaning and the control accuracy of bottom hole pressure during MPD. In this study, the wellbore bubble flow environment was simulated by a constant pressure air pump and the transparent wellbore, and the settling characteristics of spherical particles under different gas volume concentrations were recorded and analyzed by highspeed photography. A total of 225 tests were conducted to analyze the influence of particle diameter (1–12mm), particle density (2700–7860kg/m^3), liquid vis
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Williams, P. R. "Cavitation phenomena in thin films of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids due to rapid bubble expansion." In BIOMEDICINE 2003, edited by R. L. Williams and A. Al-Hussany. WIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bio030091.

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Leishear, Robert A., Michael L. Restivo, and David J. Sherwood. "Bubble Formation in a Large Scale System." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55013.

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Abstract:
The complexities of bubble formation in liquids increase as the system size increases, and a photographic study is presented here to provide some insight into the dynamics of bubble formation for large systems. Air was injected at the bottom of a 28 feet tall by 30 inch diameter column. Different fluids were subjected to different air flow rates at different fluid depths. The fluids were water and non-Newtonian, Bingham plastic fluids, which have yield stresses requiring an applied force to initiate movement, or shearing, of the fluid. Tests showed that bubble formation was significantly diffe
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Pillapakkam, Shriram, Pushpendra Singh, Denis L. Blackmore, and Nadine Aubry. "Analysis of the Motion and Deformation of a Bubble Rising in a Viscoelastic Fluid." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98363.

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A finite element code based on the level set method is developed for performing two and three dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of viscoelastic two-phase flow problems. The Oldroyd-B constitutive equation is used to model the viscoelastic liquid and both transient and steady state shapes of bubbles in viscoelastic buoyancy driven flows are studied. The influence of the governing dimensionless parameters, namely the Capillary number (Ca), the Deborah Number (De) and the polymer concentration parameter c, on the deformation of the bubble is also analyzed. Our simulations demonstrate
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