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Journal articles on the topic 'Ngamiland (Botswana)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Erpelding, J. E. "Anthracnose field evaluation of sorghum germplasm from Botswana." Plant Protection Science 47, No. 4 (November 15, 2011): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/34/2010-pps.

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Sorghum anthracnose is a disease of worldwide importance and host-plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. In this study, 154 sorghum accessions from the Botswana collection maintained by the United States National Plant Germplasm System were inoculated with Colletotrichum sublineolum and evaluated for disease resistance at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Isabela, Puerto Rico during 2007 and 2008. A resistant response was observed for 69 accessions in 2007 and for 48 accessions in 2008 with no acervuli development observed on inoculated leaves. The low frequency of resistant germplasm is expected from a region of low annual rainfall. However, disease severity was low for the susceptible accessions with a mean severity of 11% for the 85 susceptible accessions observed in 2007 and 17% for the 106 susceptible accessions identified in 2008. The highest frequency of resistant accessions was observed for the Ngamiland district with 58% of the accessions rated as resistant, whereas the frequency of resistant accessions ranged from 22% to 36% for the other districts. The lowest mean disease severity was also observed for the susceptible accessions from the Ngamiland district with the highest mean disease severity observed for susceptible accessions from the Kgatleng district. The resistant accessions identified in this study would be useful for the development of disease resistant varieties and the results indicated an ecogeographic association with disease resistance.

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GEWALD, JAN-BART. "‘I WAS AFRAID OF SAMUEL, THEREFORE I CAME TO SEKGOMA’: HERERO REFUGEES AND PATRONAGE POLITICS IN NGAMILAND, BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE, 1890–1914." Journal of African History 43, no. 2 (July 2002): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701008064.

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Writers dealing with the Herero of Botswana have tended mostly to deal with them as a single homogeneous whole. Concentrating on Ngamiland, this article outlines and discusses the arrival, at different times and for different reasons, of various groups of Herero into the territory. The article indicates that prior to the Herero–German war of 1904, the majority of Herero moved into Ngamiland on account of the activities of German colonizers and the Herero chief, Samuel Maharero. In Ngamiland, the Herero immigrants came to form a substantial source of support for the Batawana usurper, Sekgoma Letsholathebe. With the outbreak of the Herero–German war, Herero who had fled Namibia on earlier occasions now opposed the move of Samuel Maharero into Ngamiland, and found themselves supported by Sekgoma Letsholathebe. Following the deposition of Sekgoma in a coup, the position of Herero who had supported Sekgoma became increasingly tenuous and led to their move out of Ngamiland. Overall, the article presents a case study of the manner in which, in seeking to strengthen their positions within host communities, refugees of necessity come to be bound up in the internal politics of such communities.

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Kennedy, Alicia M., Johan Marais, Aaron M. Bauer, Patrick J. Lewis, and Monte L. Thies. "Effect of fire on the herpetofauna of the Koanaka Hills, Ngamiland, Botswana." Check List 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.4.666.

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Ngamiland is one of the most remote regions in Botswana, and its herpetofauna is largely under-surveyed. This study documents the herpetofauna of the Koanaka Hills (KH) in Ngamiland in 2009 following extensive fire destruction and compares it to the pre-fire herpetofauna collected in 2008. We also provide new records for the region for three amphibian and six reptile species, and document vouchers for two taxa that were sighted but not collected in 2008. During 2009, 14 reptile and three amphibian species were collected, bringing the total number of confirmed herpetofaunal taxa near the KH to three amphibian and 19 reptile species. For seven species this is the first published occurrence in quarter degree square 2021 Aa. Analyses measuring changes in the KH herpetofauna following the fire are inconclusive due to differences in collection effort and weather conditions. However, these data suggest that fire impact was minimal.

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Williams, Blythe A., Callum F. Ross, Stephen R. Frost, Diane M. Waddle, Mohutsiwa Gabadirwe, and George A. Brook. "Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149, no. 1 (May 28, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22093.

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5

Magole, Lefatshe I. "Common pool resource management among San communities in Ngamiland, Botswana." Development Southern Africa 26, no. 4 (October 2009): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350903181381.

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6

Mazvimavi, Dominic, and Gagoitseope Mmopelwa. "Access to water in gazetted and ungazetted rural settlements in Ngamiland, Botswana." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 31, no. 15-16 (January 2006): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.036.

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7

Thakadu, Olekae T., Barbara N. Ngwenya, Nthabiseng A. Phaladze, and Benjamin Bolaane. "Sanitation and hygiene practices among primary school learners in Ngamiland district, Botswana." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 105 (June 2018): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.02.006.

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8

Mogomotsi, Patricia K., Amogelang Sekelemani, and Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi. "Climate change adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in Ngamiland East, Botswana." Climatic Change 159, no. 3 (January 7, 2020): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02645-w.

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9

Alnaes, Kirsten. "Living with the past: the songs of the Herero in Botswana." Africa 59, no. 3 (July 1989): 267–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160229.

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Introduction‘I am in the Batawana's country,’ wrote the Herero chief Samuel Maharero to the British Magistrate in Tsau in Ngamiland on 28 September 1904. ‘I am writing to tell you that I have been fighting with the Germans in my country; the Germans were my friends; they made me suffer so much by the manner in which they troubled me, that I fought with them…’ (PRO CO 879/80). On the same date he wrote to the Tawana chief Sekgoma: ‘I tell you that I have fought with the German, they trouble me and killed my people, then I was angry about that. I have fought with them for 8 (eight) months, and I have no ammunition to-day, this is the reason why I came here…’ (PRO CO 879/86).

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10

Amanfu, W., K. V. Masupu, E. K. Adom, M. V. Raborokgwe, and J. B. Bashiruddin. "An outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Ngamiland district of north-western Botswana." Veterinary Record 143, no. 2 (July 11, 1998): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.2.46.

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11

Basupi, Lenyeletse Vincent, Andrew John Dougill, and Claire Helen Quinn. "Institutional challenges in pastoral landscape management: Towards sustainable land management in Ngamiland, Botswana." Land Degradation & Development 30, no. 7 (February 28, 2019): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3271.

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12

Ngwenya, Barbara N., and M. S. Nnyepi. "Threats to Maternal and Child Well-Being in Rural Communities in Ngamiland, Botswana." Health Care for Women International 32, no. 10 (October 2011): 917–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.603860.

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13

Boonstra, Eelco, Morten Lindbæk, Boga Fidzani, and Dag Bruusgaard. "Cattle eradication and malnutrition in under five's: a natural experiment in Botswana." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 4 (August 2001): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001129.

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AbstractBackground:An outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the northern part of Botswana in 1996 was contained through eradication of all heads of cattle in Ngamiland district (Ngami East and West) in the period April 1996 to February 1997. This disaster posed a serious threat to those who depended on the livestock sector for sustenance and to the nutrition security of the population, especially the under five's.Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cattle eradication on the nutritional status of children.Method:A secondary analysis of existing data from the Botswana National Nutrition Surveillance System enabled us to study the impact of this disaster on malnutrition in the under five's by comparing quarterly malnutrition rates for Ngami East with national figures for the period of January 1995 to March 1998.Results:While the risk for malnutrition among under five's in Ngami East increased from 0.046 to 0.105 during the study period, giving a relative risk of 2.299, the increase in risk for Botswana was from 0.133 to 0.139, giving a relative risk of 1.048. The attributable risk for cattle eradication impact on malnutrition was 4.6% for Botswana and 54.4% for Ngami East.Conclusion:The cattle eradication impacted seriously on the food and nutrition security of the under five's in Ngami East, compared with the country as a whole.

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14

Vanderpost, Cornelis. "Protected areas in Ngamiland, Botswana: investigating options for conservation‐development through human footprint mapping." International Journal of Environmental Studies 64, no. 5 (October 2007): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230701478301.

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15

Hitchcock, Robert K., Aron L. Crowell, Alison S. Brooks, John E. Yellen, James I. Ebert, and Alan J. Osborn. "The Ethnoarchaeology of Ambush Hunting: A Case Study of ǂGi Pan, Western Ngamiland, Botswana." African Archaeological Review 36, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9319-x.

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16

Sekelemani, Amogelang, Patricia K. Mogomotsi, Lesego S. Stone, Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi, and Oarabile Lekhane. "Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their adaptation strategies: The case of Ngamiland East, Botswana." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 75, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2020.1748749.

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17

Oageng, Itumeleng, and Gagoitseope Power Mmopelwa. "Water consumption patterns in a rural setting in Ngamiland district, Botswana: the case of Boro village." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 4 (July 7, 2014): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.065.

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Water is a precious resource with a variety of uses, which include drinking, cooking, bathing, recreation, gardening, agriculture, hydropower generation, industry and maintenance of the environment. The focus of many empirical studies has been the identification of factors that determine demand for water in urban and semi-urban areas, with the aim of improving water resource planning and development. However, studies on water use patterns in rural areas, especially where water is obtained from open sources, are limited. This study aims to describe water use patterns and demand in the rural settlement of Boro in the Ngamiland district in Botswana. Data were collected from rural households using a structured questionnaire. The average per capita water use was estimated at 20.6 litres per person per day. Estimation of the water demand model showed a significant relationship between annual household income and per capita water consumed (PWC). Both the regression model and the scatter plot did not reveal any significant relationship between PWC and distance to the water source. The study recommends further work be done on the relationship between PWC and distances beyond the ‘threshold’ distance.

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18

Basupi, Lenyeletse, Claire Quinn, and Andrew Dougill. "Pastoralism and Land Tenure Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Conflicting Policies and Priorities in Ngamiland, Botswana." Land 6, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land6040089.

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19

Ngwenya, B. N., and D. L. Kgathi. "HIV/AIDS and access to water: A case study of home-based care in Ngamiland, Botswana." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 31, no. 15-16 (January 2006): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.041.

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20

McFarlane, M. J., F. D. Eckardt, S. H. Coetzee, and S. Ringrose. "An African surface weathering profile in the Kalahari of North West Ngamiland, Botswana: processes and products." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 273–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2010/0054-0027.

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21

Basupi, Lenyeletse Vincent, Claire H. Quinn, and Andrew J. Dougill. "Adaptation strategies to environmental and policy change in semi-arid pastoral landscapes: Evidence from Ngamiland, Botswana." Journal of Arid Environments 166 (July 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.01.011.

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22

Abolafia, Joaquín, Ebrahim Shokoohi, Gerhard Du Preez, and Hendrika Fourie. "Description of Acrobeles aenigmaticus sp. n. (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae), an unusual species with a poorly developed vulva, from the Kalahari Desert (Ngamiland, Botswana)." Nematology 21, no. 3 (2019): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003216.

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Summary Acrobeles aenigmaticus sp. n. is described from the North-West District (Ngamiland) of Botswana, which forms part of the Kalahari Desert. This new species is characterised by its body length, ‘double’ cuticle bearing numerous interannular punctations, lateral fields with two longitudinal incisures, lips triangular bearing triangular tines with variation in their morphology, labial probolae bifurcated with prongs bearing triangular tines, pharyngeal corpus 2.8-3.8 times the isthmus length, spermatheca 0.8-1.8 times the body diam., post-vulval sac 1.3-2.2 times the body diam., vagina bent to the left side, vulva located left subventral and very reduced, female tail conoid-elongate, male tail conoid, spicules 24-29 μm and gubernaculum 13-17 μm in length. Molecular characterisation of 18S and 28S rRNA shows the relationship of this species with other species of Acrobeles that also present a ‘double’ cuticle, as well as with other cephalobids (e.g., Cervidellus alutus) with the same characteristic in terms of its cuticle.

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23

Kgomotso, Phemo K., and Larry A. Swatuk. "Access to water and related resources in Ngamiland, Botswana: Toward a more critical perspective and sustainable approach." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 31, no. 15-16 (January 2006): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.07.004.

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24

McFarlane, M. J., S. H. Coetzee, J. R. Kuhn, C. H. M. Vanderpost, and F. D. Eckardt. "In situ rounding of quartz grains within an African surface weathering profile in North West Ngamiland, Botswana." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2007/0051-0269.

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25

McFarlane, M. J., F. D. Eckardt, S. Ringrose, S. H. Coetzee, and J. R. Kuhn. "Degradation of linear dunes in Northwest Ngamiland, Botswana and the implications for luminescence dating of periods of aridity." Quaternary International 135, no. 1 (June 2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.10.025.

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26

Ngwenya, B. N., O. T. Thakadu, N. A. Phaladze, and B. Bolaane. "Access to water and sanitation facilities in primary schools: A neglected educational crisis in Ngamiland district in Botswana." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 105 (June 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.006.

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27

Sterkenburg, Jan. "Rural development and the evolution of regional planning in Botswana: the implementation of national policy in Ngamiland district." Journal of Rural Studies 6, no. 2 (January 1990): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(90)90008-v.

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Nkomazana, Oathokwa, Robert Mash, Silvia Wojczewski, Ruth Kutalek, and Nthabiseng Phaladze. "How to create more supportive supervision for primary healthcare: lessons from Ngamiland district of Botswana: co-operative inquiry group." Global Health Action 9, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 31263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.31263.

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29

Kujinga, Krasposy, Cornelis Vanderpost, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, and Piotr Wolski. "An analysis of factors contributing to household water security problems and threats in different settlement categories of Ngamiland, Botswana." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 67-69 (2014): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2013.09.012.

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30

Mondillo, Nicola, Maria Boni, Giuseppina Balassone, Nigel Forrester, Francesco Putzolu, and Licia Santoro. "Mineralogy and Genesis of the Kihabe Zn-Pb-V Prospect, Aha Hills, Northwest Botswana." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080685.

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The Kihabe Zn-Pb-V > (Cu-Ag-Ge) prospect is located at the boundary between Namibia and Botswana (Aha Hills, Ngamiland District) in a strongly deformed Proterozoic fold belt, corresponding to the NE extension of the Namibian Damara Orogen. The Kihabe prospect contains Zn-Pb resources of 14.4 million tonnes at 2.84% zinc equivalent, Ag resources of 3.3 million ounces, and notable V-Ge amounts, still not evaluated at a resource level. The ores are represented by a mixed sulfide–nonsulfide mineralization. Sulfide minerals consist mainly of sphalerite, galena and pyrite in a metamorphic quartzwacke. Among the nonsulfide assemblage, two styles of mineralization occur in the investigated samples: A first one, characterized by hydrothermal willemite and baileychlore, and a second one consisting of supergene smithsonite, cerussite, hemimorphite, Pb-phosphates, arsenates and vanadates. Willemite is present in two generations, which postdate sulfide emplacement and may also form at their expenses. These characteristics are similar to those observed in the willemite occurrences of the nearby Otavi Mountainland, which formed through hydrothermal processes, during the final stages of the Damara Orogeny. The formation of the Kihabe willemite is likely coeval. Baileychlore is characterized by textures indicating direct precipitation from solutions and dissolution–crystallization mechanisms. Both processes are typical of hydrothermal systems, thus suggesting a hydrothermal genesis for the Kihabe Zn-chlorite as well. Baileychlore could represent an alteration halo possibly associated either with the sulfide or with willemite mineralization. The other nonsulfide minerals, smithsonite, cerussite, various Pb-phosphates and vanadates, are clearly genetically associated with late phases of supergene alteration, which overprinted both the sulfide and the willemite- and baileychlore-bearing mineralizations. Supergene alteration probably occurred in this part of Botswana from the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene.

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31

Murray, A. C. "Botswana by its Regions - A History of Ngamiland 1750 to 1906: The Formation of an African State. By Thomas Tlou. Gaborone: Macmillan Botswana, 1985. Pp. xi + 174. £6." Journal of African History 28, no. 1 (March 1987): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029558.

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Blackie, Israel. "The impact of wildlife hunting prohibition on the rural livelihoods of local communities in Ngamiland and Chobe District Areas, Botswana." Cogent Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1558716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1558716.

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33

Eames, Tom, Jeremy Russell-Smith, Cameron Yates, Andrew Edwards, Roland Vernooij, Natasha Ribeiro, Franziska Steinbruch, and Guido R. van der Werf. "Instantaneous Pre-Fire Biomass and Fuel Load Measurements from Multi-Spectral UAS Mapping in Southern African Savannas." Fire 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4010002.

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Landscape fires are substantial sources of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols. Fires in savanna landscapes represent more than half of global fire carbon emissions. Quantifying emissions from fires relies on accurate burned area, fuel load and burning efficiency data. Of these, fuel load remains the source of the largest uncertainty. In this study, we used high spatial resolution images from an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) mounted multispectral camera, in combination with meteorological data from the ERA-5 land dataset, to model instantaneous pre-fire above-ground biomass. We constrained our model with ground measurements taken in two locations in savanna-dominated regions in Southern Africa, one low-rainfall region (660 mm year−1) in the North-West District (Ngamiland), Botswana, and one high-rainfall region (940 mm year−1) in Niassa Province (northern Mozambique). We found that for fine surface fuel classes (live grass and dead plant litter), the model was able to reproduce measured Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) (R2 of 0.91 and 0.77 for live grass and total fine fuel, respectively) across both low and high rainfall areas. The model was less successful in representing other classes, e.g., woody debris, but in the regions considered, these are less relevant to biomass burning and make smaller contributions to total AGB.

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Okatch, Harriet, Barbara Ngwenya, Keleabetswe M. Raletamo, and Kerstin Andrae-Marobela. "Determination of potentially toxic heavy metals in traditionally used medicinal plants for HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Ngamiland District in Northern Botswana." Analytica Chimica Acta 730 (June 2012): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.067.

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35

Chatupa, J. C., and B. B. Direng. "Distribution of trace and major elements in the −180 + 75 μm and −75 μm fractions of the sandveld regolith in northwest Ngamiland, Botswana." Journal of African Earth Sciences 30, no. 3 (April 2000): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(00)00036-1.

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36

Swatuk, Larry A., and Phemo K. Kgomotso. "The challenges of supplying water to small, scattered communities in the Lower Okavango Basin (LOB), Ngamiland, Botswana: An evaluation of government policy and performance." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 15-18 (January 2007): 1264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.036.

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Sharma, S. P., T. C. Losho, M. Malau, K. G. Mangate, K. B. Linchwe, W. Amanfu, and T. K. Motsu. "The resurgence of trypanosomosis in Botswana : short communication." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 72, no. 4 (July 9, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v72i4.658.

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No sleeping sickness or nagana cases have been reported in Botswana since 1985. In view of several confirmed clinical cases of nagana and reports of heavy bovine mortality, a parasitological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle in Maun and Shakawe areas of Ngamiland district. Wet blood films, buffy coat and Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears were used to detect trypanosomes in animals. Overall,trypanosome infection rate was 15.98%, with 5.94% and 27.29% in Maun and Shakawe respectively. The urgent need to combat trypanosomosis in Ngamiland, particularly in the Shakawe area, is highlighted, and a 3-phase integrated tsetse control strategy for this disease problem is discussed.

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38

Nkomazana, Oathokwa, Robert Mash, and Nthabiseng Phaladze. "Understanding the organisational culture of district health services: Mahalapye and Ngamiland health districts of Botswana." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 7, no. 1 (November 30, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.907.

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Background: Botswana has a shortage of health care workers, especially in primary healthcare. Retention and high performance of employees are closely linked to job satisfaction and motivation, which are both highest where employees’ personal values and goals are realised.Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate employees’ personal values, and the current and desired organisational culture of the district health services as experienced by the primary health care workers.Setting: The study was conducted in the Ngamiland and Mahalapye health districts.Method: This was a cross sectional survey. The participants were asked to select 10 values that best described their personal, current organisational and desired organisational values from a predetermined list.Results: Sixty and 67 health care workers completed the survey in Mahalapye and Ngamiland districts, respectively. The top 10 prevalent organisational values experienced in both districts were: teamwork, patient satisfaction, blame, confusion, job insecurity, not sharing information and manipulation. When all the current values were assessed, 32% (Mahalapye) and 36% (Ngamiland) selected by health care workers were potentially limiting organisational effectiveness. The organisational values desired by health care workers in both districts were: transparency, professional growth, staff recognition, shared decision-making, accountability, productivity, leadership development and teamwork.Conclusions: The experience of the primary health care workers in the two health districts were overwhelmingly negative, which is likely to contribute to low levels of motivation, job satisfaction, productivity and high attrition rates. There is therefore urgent need for organisational transformation with a focus on staff experience and leadership development.

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39

Gabalebatse, M., BN Ngwenya, D. Teketay, and OD Kolawole. "Ethno-veterinary practices amongst livestock farmers in Ngamiland district, Botswana." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 10, no. 3 (May 7, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i3.16.

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40

Kujinga, Krasposy, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, Cornelis Vanderpost, and Wellington RL Masamba. "Short and Long Term Strategies for Household Water Insecurity in Ngamiland, Botswana." Journal of Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (May 15, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v7n3p96.

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41

Ogundipe, Radiance M., and Robert Mash. "Development of Family Medicine training in Botswana: Views of key stakeholders in Ngamiland." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 7, no. 1 (August 31, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.865.

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Background: Family Medicine training commenced in Botswana in 2011, and Maun was one of the two sites chosen as a training complex. If it is to be successful there has to be investment in the training programme by all stakeholders in healthcare delivery in the district.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the attitudes of stakeholders to initiation of Family Medicine training and their perspectives on the future roles of family physicians in Ngami district, Botswana.Setting: Maun and the surrounding Ngami subdistrict of Botswana.Methods: Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected key stakeholders in the district health services. Data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the framework method.Results: Participants welcomed the development of Family Medicine training in Maun and expect that this will result in improved quality of primary care. Participants expect the registrars and family physicians to provide holistic health care that is of higher quality and expertise than currently experienced, relevant research into the health needs of the community, and reduced need for referrals. Inadequate personal welfare facilities, erratic ancillary support services and an inadequate complement of mentors and supervisors for the programme were some of the gaps and challenges highlighted by participants.Conclusion: Family Medicine training is welcomed by stakeholders in Ngamiland. With proper planning introduction of the family physician in the district is expected to result in improvement of primary care.

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Kujinga, Krasposy, Cornelis Vanderpost, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, and Wellington R. L. Masamba. "Analysis of Gender and Other Social Dimensions of Household Water Insecurity in Ngamiland, Botswana." Journal of Management and Sustainability 4, no. 4 (November 27, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v4n4p86.

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Basupi, Lenyeletse Vincent, Claire Helen Quinn, and Andrew John Dougill. "Historical perspectives on pastoralism and land tenure transformation in Ngamiland, Botswana: What are the policy and institutional lessons?" Pastoralism 7, no. 1 (August 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13570-017-0093-1.

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Buxton, Mmabaledi, Ryan J. Wasserman, and Casper Nyamukondiwa. "Spatial Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) insecticide resistance patterns across malaria-endemic regions of Botswana." Malaria Journal 19, no. 1 (November 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03487-z.

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Abstract Background Since the advent of the Green Revolution, pesticides have played an important role in the global management of invertebrate pests including vector mosquitoes. Despite optimal efficacy, insects often display insensitivity to synthetic insecticides owing to prolonged exposure that may select for resistance development. Such insecticide insensitivity may regress national and regional coordination in mosquito vector management and indeed malaria control. In Botswana, prolonged use of synthetic insecticides against malaria vectors have been practiced without monitoring of targeted mosquito species susceptibility status. Methods Here, susceptibility status of a malaria vector (Anopheles arabiensis), was assessed against World Health Organization-recommended insecticides, across three malaria endemic districts. Adult virgin female mosquitoes (2–5 days old) emerging from wild-collected larvae were exposed to standardized insecticide-impregnated papers with discriminating doses. Results The results showed resistance dynamics were variable in space, presumably as a result of spatial differences in insecticide use across malaria endemic districts and the types of insecticides used in the country. Overall, there was a reduced susceptibility of An. arabiensis for the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and for dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane [DDT], which have similar modes of action and have been used in the country for many years. The Okavango district exhibited the greatest reduction in susceptibility, followed by Ngamiland and then Bobirwa, reflective of national intervention strategy spraying intensities. Vector mosquitoes were, however, highly susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates irrespective of region. Conclusions These results provide important findings of vector susceptibility to insecticides recommended for vector control. The results highlight the need to implement insecticide application regimes that more effectively including regionally integrated resistance management strategies for effective malaria control and elimination.

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du Preez, Gerhard, Nabil Majdi, Antoinette Swart, Walter Traunspurger, and Hendrika Fourie. "Nematodes down under: State of knowledge and future trends." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 1 (August 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aca.1.e29329.

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Nematodes inhabit most environments that address their need of water, carbon, and energy. They also play an important role in epigean food webs by occupying different trophic levels, while providing essential ecosystem services such as regulating decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Conversely, little is known about the role that nematodes play in subterranean ecosystems. For this reason, an in-depth review was undertaken in order to concatenate data from existing literature and provide a baseline for future studies. A total of 41 surveyed scientific works, published over a time period of 138 years, reported 295 unique taxa from 78 different cave systems. Although an increase in scientific outputs was recorded from the late 1990s, there is a considerable lack of information on cave-dwelling nematodes from Asia, South America, and North America. Also, only seven true cave-dwelling (troglobitic) species have been discovered, which may indicate a lack of comprehensive taxonomic efforts. From an ecological perspective, very few works have reported on the importance of nematode assemblages associated with cave ecosystems. This has resulted in the causal factors leading to population resilience processes, as well as trophic interactions, remaining mostly speculative. Nonetheless, the isolated cave-dwelling nematode assemblage associated with Movile Cave, including the true cave-dwelling species Chronogaster troglodytes, fulfills an important role by feeding on microbial mats and in turn serving as a food source for predators. This example of a cave nematode assemblage providing ecosystem services has inspired the undertaking of the Gcwihaba Caves Research Project, which aims at studying artificially opened caves in Ngamiland, Botswana. Compared to other caves in the area with natural openings, the artificially opened systems present different food source pathways, atmospheric conditions, and community assemblage structures. This provides a unique opportunity to study isolated cave communities, including nematode assemblages, as well as their ecological importance.

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