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Вагнер-Надь, Беата. "“I GO DOWNSTREAM, AND YOU GO TOWARD THE SNOWSTORM”: EXPRESSIONS OF CARDINAL DIRECTIONS IN NGANASAN AND DOLGAN." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(38) (January 12, 2023): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2022-4-73-83.
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This corpus-based study is dedicated to the topic of spatial orientation in two genetically unrelated but geographically neighboring languages, Ngnasan and Dolgan. Nganasan belongs to the Northern-Samoyedic branch of the Uralic language family, while Dolgan is a Turkic language. The Dolgans reached the peninsula later than the Nganasan and inhabited rather the eastern part. The goal is to typologically examine the linguistic realization of the directions of the so-called compass orientation. This is a very well-known fact that many indigenous languages, including many languages spoken in Siberia, do not know compass orientation. According to Brown (1983), speakers of many indigenous languages use three or only two cardinal points, however, in many languages, the speakers do not necessarily use the names of the compass direction but apply other concepts for expressing spatial directions. Brown (1983) identifies several sources of lexemes expressing the cardinal points, such as celestial bodies, which is the most often used source. It also occurs in the Samoyedic languages, e.g. in Selkup, but as we will see, not in the closely related Nganasan. Atmospheric features such as wind, seasons, blizzards, or environment- specific features such as a mountain, forest, or tundra can be metaphorically extended, thereby acting as the conceptual source of cardinal directions. The study follows Brown's typologization and tries to classify the results into their typological categories. We will find similarities and differences between the two languages regarding the conceptual sources. Both languages rely on the so-called landmarks for orientation in the surrounding areas, such as tundra, forest, river, or mountain, but beyond that, Nganasan uses other, non-common categories as well. These reflect a connection to their way of life; thus, it can be interpreted as a culture-specific source, which in turn has its origin in the environment. In contrast, the Nganasans do not use rivers as orientation points at all, although they live partly on the same rivers. Also typical only for the Nganasan is the use of atmospheric features a conceptual source. It does not play a role in any way in the Dolgan.
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Urmanchieva, A. Yu. "On the Etymology of the Enets Presumptive Marker <i>-to</i>: Borrowing from Nganasan." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, no. 9 (December 11, 2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-9-64-73.
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Purpose. The article considers etymology of the evidential marker -to of the Forest and Tundra Enets which expresses the presumptive meaning (the speaker did not witness the situation, and his judgment on it is an assumption based on general knowledge). Results. Enets suffix is compared to Nganasan clitic -BTA (used either as intraclitic or as enclitic), which is used primarily in interrogative sentences and also marks the assumption. The article gives an overview of semantics of the compared forms of Enets and Nganasan, as well as an overview of their morphosyntactic and morphophonological properties. However, historical phonetics does not allow to consider the Enets and Nganasan morphemes as going back to a common protoform. The Enets marker can rather be considered as borrowed from Nganasan. This conclusion can be supported by the fact that the same phonetic correspondence is observed in a number of undoubted lexical borrowings from Nganasan into Enets. The article provides a list of such words. Conclusion. It would be even more accurate to say that the Enets presumptive forms are a material-structural borrowing from Nganasan. Namely, not only a morpheme per se is borrowed from Nganasan into Enets: synthetic Enets presumptive forms are an exact structural analogue of the corresponding Nganasan forms.
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Khomchenkova, Irina. "Contact-induced features in the Russian speech of Nganasans." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.2.01.
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This paper investigates the variety of Russian spoken by the Nganasans, basing on the Nganasan Russian subcorpus of narratives from the larger corpus of contact-influenced Russian speech of Russian Far East and Northern Siberia. The study focuses on morphosyntactic phenomena, namely peculiarities in noun and verbal inflection, verbal derivation, preposition drop, non-standard verb argument encoding, gender disagreement and some others, that presumably are contact-induced – they could be explained by direct structural copying (with clear parallels in Nganasan) or by incomplete acquisition of Russian (with no clear parallels in Nganasan). The second aim of this paper is to speculate as to whether the varieties of Russian spoken in the 1990s (when the audiofiles were collected) by the Nganasans form a post-pidgin continuum, with Govorka as the basilect and Standard Russian as the acrolect.
Kokkuvõte. Irina Xomtšenkova: Kontaktist tingitud jooned nganassaanide venekeelses kõnes. Selles artiklis uuritakse nganassaanide kõneldavat vene keele varianti. Töö põhineb narratiividel, mis on pärit suuremast Venemaa Lähis-Ida ja Põhja-Siberi suulise vene keele korpusest, mis sisaldab just kontaktist mõjutatud vene keele näiteid, sealhulgas ka nganassaanide kõneldud vene keele allkorpust. Uurimus keskendub morfosüntaktilistele nähtustele, sealhulgas eripäradele noomenite ja verbide inflektsioonis, verbituletuses, prepositsioonide väljajätus, mittestandardses verbi argumentide kodeerimises, soo mitteühildumises jms, mis on eeldatavasti kontaktist tulenevad – neid võib seletada otsese strukturaalse kopeerimisega (otsesed paralleelid nganassaani keeles) või vene keele mittetäieliku omandamisega (ilma otseste paralleelideta nganassaani keeles). Uurimuse teine eesmärk on spekuleerida, kas 1990ndatel kogutud keelenäidete põhjal moodustavad selleaegsed nganassaanide kõneldud vene keele variandid pidžini-järgse kontiinumi, milles govorka ehk Taimõri poolsaare pidžinvene keel on vähemprestiižne keelevariant ja vene kirjakeel on prestiižne keelevariant.
Аннотация. Ирина Хомченкова: Интерференция в русской речи нганасанов. Данная статья представляет обзор русского языка нганасанов, основанный на нганасанском подкорпусе нарративов из корпуса контактно- обусловленной русской речи билингвов – носителей малых языков Севера Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Исследование сфокусировано на морфосинтаксических феноменах, а именно нестандартности в именном и глагольном словоизменении, глагольном словообразовании, на опущении предлогов, нестандартном кодировании аргументов глагола, рассогласовании по роду и некоторых других, которые предположительно контактно обусловлены – их употребление может быть объяснено либо с помощью прямого структурного копирования (с явными параллелями в нганасанском), либо с помощью неполного усвоения русского (без явных параллелей в нганасанском). Вторая цель работы – это обсуждение того, образуют ли варианты русского языка нганасанов в 1990-х гг. (когда были записаны аудиозаписи) постпиджинный континуум, где говорка является базилектом, а стандартный русский – акролектом.
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de Lacy, Paul. "Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory." Phonology 21, no. 2 (August 2004): 145–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675704000193.
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Markedness distinctions can be ignored. For example, in some languages stress avoids central vowels, and falls on high peripheral vowels, yet in the Uralic language Nganasan central and high peripheral vowels are treated in the same way: stress avoids both types equally. Such ‘conflation’ of markedness categories is not only language-specific, but also phenomenon-specific. In contrast, dominance relations in markedness hierarchies are universal; e.g. stress never seeks out a central vowel when a high peripheral vowel is available. This article argues that both language-specific conflation and universal markedness relations can be expressed in Optimality Theory. Constraints that refer to a markedness hierarchy must be freely rankable and mention a contiguous range of the hierarchy, including the most marked element. The empirical focus is sonority-driven stress in Nganasan and Kiriwina. In addition, Prince & Smolensky's (1993) fixed ranking theory of markedness hierarchies is shown to be unable to produce the full range of attested conflations.
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Normanskaja, Julia V. "Новые полевые и архивные данные к глоттохронологической классификации самодийских языков." Oriental Studies 16, no. 5 (December 25, 2023): 1343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-69-5-1343-1366.
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Introduction. Classification of the Samoyedic languages ranks among most popular topics of Uralistics in recent years, with at least six different perspectives — often in contradiction with one another — expressed by leading experts. In fact, there is no single subgroup of the Samoyedic languages on which all the authors would unanimously agree. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of word lists of the Samoyedic languages available on the LingvoDoc platform (lingvodoc.ispras.ru) — recorded from the last native speakers and collected from archives. Materials and methods. The LingvoDoc platform stores a total of 16 Samoyedic-language dictionaries (and text concordances) containing some basic vocabularies. Ten dictionaries were compiled from native speakers (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, and Selkup dialects), while six others were derived from archival and published sources. They are processed using the glottochronology formula developed by S. Starostin. The LingvoDoc-based analysis yields 3D proximity degree graphs calculated depending on divergence time points of the Samoyedic language unity. Results. It has been determined that, from a glottochronological perspective, there was a certain proximity between Nenets, Enets, and Nganasan traditionally grouped into the North Samoyedic cluster, while Selkup, Mator, and Kamassian are regarded as South Samoyedic. However, these communities were short-lived enough, a longer period of unity be observed between Mator and Kamassian, and between Nenets and Enets. The highest number of words with no etymology in other basic vocabulary lists was found in Selkup dialects (up to 18 lexemes) and in the Nganasan language (13 words), which attests to their prolonged isolated existence. Conclusions. The current analysis supports the validity of the traditional classification of the Samoyedic languages. The involvement of materials from early Selkup texts provides more reliable evidence for delineating a South Samoyedic group.
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Winkler, Elizabeth. "LANGUAGE CONTACT, VARIATION, AND CHANGE. Jussi Niemi, Terence Odlin, and Janne Heikkinen (Eds.). Joensuu, Finland: University of Joensuu, 1998. Pp. 286." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100304065.
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The chapters of this book come from the 1997 Finnish Conference on Linguistics and the Scandinavian Summer School on Language Diversity. A number of the contributions focus on endangered languages, in particular, Ingrian Finnish. Hallamaa discusses developing appropriate methodologies to study endangered languages and evaluate individual language proficiency. Chapters by Koko and Riionheimo describe the loss of Ingrian through shift to Estonian. Ingrian is, again, the topic for Savijiirvi, who compares and provides a detailed sociohistory of four Balto-Finnic languages: Votian, Ingrian, Estonian, and Finnish. Duray writes about language death, focusing on the extralinguistic factors that have caused a community-wide shift to Russian by the Nganasan-speaking people.
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Gusev, Valentin. "Constructions with a Nominative possessor in the Nganasan language." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 2 (December 2022): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2022-2-67-88.
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This paper deals with head-marked nominal possessors in Nganasan, i. e., constructions with the possessor in the Nominative and possessive markers on the possessee. It is shown that this construction is only used when the possessor is topical and the possessee is in focus. All other combinations of topic/focus and possessor/possessee with a nominal possessor use the standard dependent-marking construction: the possessor stands in the Genitive and the possessee is unmarked.
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Vaysman, Olga. "Against Richness of the Base: Evidence from Nganasan." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 28, no. 1 (August 14, 2002): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v28i1.3848.
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Since Optimality Theory is a highly output-oriented grammatical theory, the strongest hypothesis is that all systematic, language-particular patterns are the result of output constraints, and that there is no other place from which such patterns can derive. In particular, input is not a level of derivation that can be constrained. This principle is known as Richness of the Base hypothesis, and it states that there are no constraints on the input structure of words, and that all linguistic constraints are statements on the surface structure only. In other words, Richness of the Base attributes all systematic phonological patterns to constraint rankings, not to difference in inputs. In this paper, I consider some consonant gradation facts from a Uralic Samoyedic language Nganasan, and argue that (at least the strict interpretation of) the Richness of the Base hypothesis runs into problems when we deal with full range of relevant data from this language, namely isolated words, compounds, and borrowings.
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Tuchkova, N. A. "Review of the dissertation “Reconstruction of the linguistic landscape of Western Siberia (a case study of the Samoyedic languages),” submitted by A. Y. Urmanchieva for the degree of Doctor of Philology." LANGUAGES AND FOLKLORE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF SIBERIA 49 (2024): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2024-1-153-160.
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The dissertation “Reconstruction of the linguistic landscape of Western Siberia (a case study of Samoyedic languages)” written by A. Y. Urmanchieva focuses on tracing the Samoyedic group language history. The period under study starts after the collapse of the Proto‒Samoyedic language and ends with the resettlement of the native speakers of Samoyedic languages as recorded in historical documents (16th–18th centuries). The work substantiates the preservation of the links between the Proto-Samoyedic and the Proto-Ob-Ugric languages after their collapse, with separate contacts between the Mansi and South Samoyedic languages. The author confirms the original boundary between the Mansi and Khanty languages, from west to east, and shows that Proto-Mansi was widespread in more southern territories, while Proto-Khanty was prevalent to the north (and not to the east) of the lower Ob basin. Additionally, the author confirms that Matorsky belongs to the Northern Samoyed subgroup. The analysis of separate parallels allowed the author to establish the early contacts between Nganasan, Selkup, and Kamassian and later between Nganasan and common Enets languages. Given these findings, the following successive linguistic landscapes of Western Siberia have been reconstructed. Initially, the migration of the forebears of Samoyedic language speakers moved towards the Ob basin from their original homeland, with a settlement pattern along the Ob tributaries determined by taiga fishing culture. Later, the expansion of the Khants towards the east along the middle Ob River disrupted the previously established pattern, leading to a break in the linguistic continuity of the Samoyed area.
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Janhunen, Juha, and Ekaterina Gruzdeva. "Nganasan: A fresh focus on a little known Arctic language." Linguistic Typology 24, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2036.
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Zayzon, Réka. "Observations on non-possessive usages of personal markers (possessive suffixes) in Nganasan." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 6, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2015.6.2.11.
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This paper aims at a systematic overview of the non-possessive usages of possessive (relational) suffixes in Nganasan. In the analyzed corpus, the non-anchoring usage types of the 3rd person suffix (including the direct anaphoric and situational usages), are less frequent than relational usages. The distribution of the suffixes suggests that in traditional narratives, the primary topic of the discourse tends to be marked with a deictic (2nd person) and the secondary topic with an anaphoric (3rd person) suffix. The language data also show that in Nganasan, the concept of semantic uniqueness does not suffice to explain the occurrence of the 3rd person suffix as definiteness marker, the topical status of the referent being decisive. Furthermore, predicting the (possessive vs. non-possessive) reading of the relational suffix solely by the conceptual type of the host noun is in case of some lexemes impossible and therefore, contextual information gains crucial importance.
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Chumakina, Marina. "Nominal periphrasis." Studies in Language 35, no. 2 (September 30, 2011): 247–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.35.2.01chu.
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Periphrasis, the use of two independent word forms to serve the function of a single inflected word, is usually associated with verbal systems. However, it occurs also in nominal systems. Using the canonical approach to formulate the criteria for nominal periphrasis, I analyse instances of periphrasis in three Samoyedic languages (Tundra Nenets, Forest Enets and Nganasan) where it approaches the canonical ideal, and compare these to the case systems of Romanian, Armenian and Archi where the periphrasis is further away from the canonical centre. An important advantage of the canonical approach is that it provides an instrument to investigate periphrastic realisations in finer detail, and takes periphrasis as an integral part of the morphological and syntactic systems of an individual language.
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Däbritz, Chris Lasse. "Focus position in SOV ~ SVO-varying languages – evidence from Enets, Nganasan, and Dolgan." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.2.04.
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It is well known that the basic word order pattern of a language is closely intertwined with the syntactic realization of argument focus constituents. SVO languages exhibit a focus position at the sentence’s right periphery, SOV languages exhibit an immediately preverbal focus position. The study at hand examines both the basic word order patterns and the syntactic realization of focus in Enets, Nganasan and Dolgan. The major outcome is that Nganasan and Dolgan are much more flexible with respect to their basic word order pattern and, in consequence, exhibit both an immediately preverbal focus position and a right-peripheral focus position, whilst Enets realizes argument focus constituents almost exclusively immediately preverbally.
Kokkuvõte. Chris Lasse Däbritz: Fookuse asend SOV ~ SVO variatsiooniga keeltes – tõendus eenetsi, nganassaani ja dolgaani keeltest. On üldiselt teada, et ühe keele põhiline sõnajärjestus on tihedas seoses (kitsalt) fookustatud konstituentide süntaksiga. SVO keeltes on (kitsas) fookus reali seeritud lause paremas perifeerias, SOV keeltes on (kitsas) fookus realiseeritud vahetult verbi ees. Selles artiklis uuritakse nii põhilist sõnajärjestust kui ka fookuse süntaksit eenetsi, nganassaani ja dolgaani keeltes. Uurimuse kõige olulisem tulemus on see, et nganassaani ja dolgaani keeltes on põhiline sõnajärjestus tunduvalt paindlikum kui eenetsi keeles. Sellepärast realiseeritakse nganassaani ja dolgaani keeltes (kitsalt) fookustatud konstituendid nii vahetult verbi ees kui ka lause paremas perifeerias, samas kui eenetsi keeles realiseeritakse nad ainult vahetult verbi ees.
Аннотация. Крис Лассе Дэбриц: Позиция фокуса в языках с вариативным порядком слов SOV ~ SVO – данные энецкого, нганасанского и долганского языков. Как известно, базовый порядок слов в языке определяет синтаксическую позицию фокусных аргументов. В языках SVO фокусные составляющие ставятся в конце предложения, в языках SOV – непосредственно перед глаголом. В данной статье рассматриваются базовый порядок слов и позиция фокуса в энецком, нганасанском и долганском языках и показывается, что в нганасанском и долганском языках порядок слов намного более свободен и, соответственно, фокусные аргументы могут располагаться как перед глаголом, так и в конце предложения; а в энецком языке позиция фокуса – почти всегда непосредственно перед глаголом.
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Урманчиева, Анна Юрьевна. "On the Etymology of the Probabilitative Suffix -qxiə in the Language of the Tundra Nenets." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 1(39) (June 30, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2023-1-43-54.
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Предложена этимология показателя -qxiə , который входит в состав нескольких морфологически неэлементарных глагольных грамматических показателей тундрового ненецкого языка. По крайней мере, для некоторых таких форм в последние годы устоявшимися терминами являются «пробабилитатив» или «пробабилитив». Пробабилитив маркирует эпистемическую оценку, основанием для которой служат общие знания о мире. Этот показатель имеет нетривиальную морфологическую позицию: он входит в качестве второго компонента в составные показатели, первым компонентом которых могут выступать морфемы, исторически представляющие собой причастные показатели. Между тем в ненецком после причастных показателей невозможно употребление каких-либо морфем, за исключением лично-числовых показателей. Родственные ненецкому -qxiə показатели обнаруживаются в лесном энецком и в нганасанском. В лесном энецком когнатный показатель также является частью составного аффикса, в котором предшествующий компонент, как и в ненецком, исторически представлял собой суффикс причастия. В нганасанском когнатный показатель с тем же значением представляет собой элемент, который может употребляться либо как постпозитивная частица при любой финитной глагольной форме, либо как вспомогательный отрицательный глагол (при котором смысловой глагол стоит в неизменяемой форме – коннегативе). Нетривиальная морфологическая позиция рассматриваемого показателя в тундровом ненецком и его когната в лесном энецком указывают на то, что и в этих языках интересующие нас формы восходят к аналитическим конструкциям. В то же время структура и грамматическое оформление элементов этих конструкций окончательно оформились независимо в каждом из трех языков. The article proposes the etymology of the suffix -qxiə, which is part of several morphologically complex verbal grammatical markers of the Tundra Nenets language. In recent publications, most of these forms use the terms probabilitative or probabilistic. The probabilitative suffix denotes an epistemic estimate based on common knowledge. This suffix has a non-trivial morphological position in the Tundra Nenets language: it is used as the second component in compound markers, the first component of which may be a morpheme based on suffixes of the perfective or imperfective participle. Conversely, no morphemes other than personal suffixes can be used after participial suffixes in the Tundra Nenets language. Grammatical markers historically related to Tundra Nenets -qxiə are found in the Forest Enets and Nganasan languages. In the Forest Enets language, the cognate morpheme is also part of a compound affix where the preceding component goes back to a participial suffix, as in the Tundra Nenets language. In Nganasan, the cognate marker with the same meaning is a syntactically independent element that can be used either as a particle attached to any finite verb form or as an auxiliary that marks the main verb with a connegative suffix. The nontrivial morphological position of the marker in the Tundra Nenets language and its cognate in the Forest Enets language suggests that the forms under consideration in these languages also derive from auxiliary constructions. At the same time, the structure and grammatical form of the elements of these constructions have developed independently in each of the three languages.
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Kuznecova, N. G., and E. V. Usenkova. "Sredstva vyraženija modal’nych značenij v nganasanskom jazyke [Means of Expressing of Modality in Nganasan]." Linguistica Uralica 39, no. 4 (2003): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2003.4.03.
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Urmanchieva, A. "Narrative Strategies as an Evidence for Language Contact: Case Study of Taz Selkup and Nganasan." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 3 (June 2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0373658x0004899-7.
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Khomchenkova, Pleshak, and Stoynova. "Nonstandard Use of the “Reflexive” Affix -sʲa in Russian Speech of Bilingual Speakers of Northern Siberia and the Russian Far East." Languages 4, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4020039.
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One of the features of the oral Russian speech of bilingual speakers of the indigenous languages of Russia is the omission / the overuse of the “reflexive” affix -sʲa (a “middle voice” marker with a wide range of uses including reflexive, reciprocal, anticausative, passive, and some others). We discuss the data on the nonstandard use of -sʲa in the Russian speech of bilingual speakers of two language groups that differ both from Russian and from each other in this grammatical domain: Samoyedic (Forest Enets, Nganasan, and Nenets) and Tungusic (Nanai and Ulch). The data come from the corpus of contact-influenced Russian speech, which is being created by our team. We show that the mismatches in standard and nonstandard usage cannot be explained by direct structural copying from the donor language (indigenous) to the recipient one (the local variety of Russian). Nor is there a consistent system which differs from standard Russian since there are many more usages that follow the rules of standard Russian. The influence of the indigenous languages explains some overuses and omissions; the others can be explained by other factors, e.g., difficulties in the acquisition of verb pairs with non-transparent semantic or syntactic relations.
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Gusev, Valentin. "Towards a typological profile of the North Siberian substrate." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 5 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2021.5.26-58.
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The paper deals with a number of typologically rare features present in the languages of Northern Siberia (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Ewenki, Neghidal, Ewen, to some extent also Yukaghir and Chukchi); these features are: interrogative mood of the verbs, intraclitics, nominal tense, polysemy ‘real’ / ‘autochtonous’. They are absent in the languages spoken to the south, including other Uralic and Tungusic languages, thus being of clearly areal character. On the other hand, none of the existing languages can be regarded as a source of these features, so that their origin must be due to a common substrate. Interestingly, all the four features are well attested in the Eskaleut languages. These features allow us to make some hypotheses about the typological profi le of the languages spoken in Northern Siberia about 1000–2000 years ago. They must have been diff erent from the Uralo-Altaic type, but probably were typologically close to the present-day Eskaleut (Unangan-Yupik-Inuit).
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Usenkova, E. V. "Leksičeskie i sintaksičeskie sredstva vyraženija modal'nosti v nganasanskom jazyke [Lexical and Syntactical Means of Expressing Modality in the Nganasan Language]." Linguistica Uralica 39, no. 2 (2003): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2003.2.04.
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Ilyina, L. A. "Grammaticalized sensory evidence as typological peculiarity of the North Asian languages." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 40 (2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-78-88.
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The paper defines a semantic zone of non-visual sensory evidence, grammaticalized in the verbal system, as “sensory evidence.” Sensory evidence grammaticalized in the verbal system is rare in contemporary languages. It is likely to be found in languages that are or were used in the recent past traditional cultures of ancient origin. Many Eurasian languages have evidential grammatical verbal forms, with most not having sensory evidential forms. Such verbal forms were known as auditive in Eurasia only in four Samoyedic languages: Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, and Selkup. Recently, the traditional Yukaghir folklore archaic texts collected by V. I. Jochelson in the late 19th – early 20th centuries revealed similar grammatical and semantic analog of Samoyedic auditive, suggesting sensory evidential verbal grammemes to be more widespread in the past in the languages of aboriginal Northern Asia peoples, in diachronic retrospective. Our main goal was to identify the inter-disciplinary evidence of diachronically earlier communicative functions and meanings of Northern Asian sensory evidential verbal forms. These functions and meanings are most informatively presented in the archaic texts of Nenets traditional folklore, especially shaman songs and heroic epos. The paper proves basic semantics of the Northern Samoyedic sensory evidential grammemes to refer to the auditive perception of non-visible situations (events). Thus, non-visible events were opposed grammatically to visual situations by verbal forms concerned. Considering historical ethnology data in an interdisciplinary way, the author explains the fact above as a grammaticalized language replica of fundamental mental opposition of ancient mythological thinking – the opposition of visible and non-visible situations.
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Urmanchieva, Anna. "Энецкие показатели каритива и их прасамодийские источники." Ural-Altaic Studies 45, no. 2 (2022): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-141-147.
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The article examines three caritive markers in the Enets language: a verbal one -se (‘not to have something’), an attributive one -seδa/-seδe (‘(a person) not having something’) and an adverbial one -śuδiɁ (‘being without something’). It analyzes their Samoyedic cognates, both quite transparent and less obvious ones. The etymology of the attributive caritive marker is quite transparent even at the synchronic level: the forms of the attributive caritive (-se-δe) are imperfective participles from verbal caritive forms (-se). However, the formation of the imperfective participle in Enets in this case is accompanied by a complicated morphonological phenomenon: the form of the participial morpheme (-δe) with a fricative rather than a stop points to a glide that precedes that participial marker. Based on its Nganasan (adverbial caritive marker -kaj) and Mator (attributive caritive marker -gǝsta/-kǝsta) cognates, a protoform with the glide *j is reconstructed: for the verbal caritive, *-kaj, for the attributive caritive, *-kaj-ntå-jǝ̑. The etymology of the adverbial caritive marker -śuδiɁ is somewhat less obvious. The final -Ɂ is a reflex of the Proto-Northern Samoyedic adverbializer, which is used to form adverbs from adjectives (and causes the change of the quality of the preceding vowel). Accordingly, the adverbial form -śuδiɁ is formed from the hypothetical attributive form **-śuδe, which also resembles a participial form (-śu-δe). The allomorph of the participial marker (-δe) also points to a preceding etymological glide. In Mator, there is another caritive marker -gǝda/-kǝda, which can only go back to *-kaw-ntå(-jǝ̑): the protoform without the glide would have resulted in Mator **-gǝnda/-kǝnda, the protoform with the glide *j results in another Mator caritive marker -gǝsta /-kǝsta, mentioned above. The glide *w can also explain the appearance of the close back rounded vowel in Enets -śuδiɁ.
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Stenin, Ivan. "[Review of:] B. Wagner-Nagy. A grammar of Nganasan. Leiden: Brill, 2018. xviii + 583 p. (Grammars and sketches of the world’s languages. Indigenous languages of Russia.) ISBN 978-90-04-38275-6." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 5 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2020.5.150-160.
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Helimski, E. "I. R. Kortt, Ju. B. Simčenko, Wörterverzeichnis der Nga- nasanischen Sprache. Teil 1: Nganasan-Deutsch-Russisches Glossar, Berlin 1985 (Systemata mundi. Institut zur Erforschung fremder Denksysteme und Organisationsformen. Materialien. Bd. 1). 422 c." Linguistica Uralica 22, no. 4 (1986): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.1986.4.17.
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Khanina, Olesya, and Miriam Meyerhoff. "A case-study in historical sociolinguistics beyond Europe: Reconstructing patterns of multilingualism in a linguistic community in Siberia." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2017-0016.
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AbstractA collection of traditional and ‘old life’ stories recorded in the late 1940s is used to reconstruct the sociolinguistic situation of the Enets community in Northern Siberia from the 1850s until the 1930s. The Enets had regular contacts with a number of neighbouring indigenous peoples (Nganasans, Tundra Nenets, Selkups, Evenkis, Dolgans) and later with Russian newcomers. The oral histories often comment on language use, and as a result we can reconstruct not only the languages that the Enets people used in this period, but also the contexts in which they used them. The Enets community’s multilingualism was typically characterized by command of key neighbouring languages, with the occasional command of other more (geographically and socially) remote ones. With close neighbours, language choice seems to have had limited social load, while in cases of trade or agonistic contact, the choice of language in interethnic communication seems to have followed a principle of asymmetric convergence towards the language of the party with the greatest contextual social power. The analysis is founded on a database of dozens of communicative events mentioned in the oral stories (over 50 are analyzed). Ongoing fieldwork on the modern sociolinguistic situation suggests that until quite recently there was considerable stability in the sociolinguistic norms governing multilingual interaction among the Enets.
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Плужников, Н. В. "The Nganasans and Enets: An Essay Based on the Results of a Film Expedition." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 4 (November 25, 2023): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2023.24.4.011.
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Статья посвящена этнографии, фольклору, языку, традиционной картине мира и системе ценностей двух из коренных народов Таймыра — нганасан и энцев. Главным источником для исследования послужили материалы таймырской экспедиции, организованной в 2022 г. телевизионным каналом «Культура» для съемки документальных фильмов об этих народах для цикла «Земля людей». В ходе работы экспедиции в поселках Усть-Аваме и Потапово и г. Дудинке были проведены интервью с местными жителями разных поколений, которые считают себя нганасанами или энцами, зафиксированы разного рода фрагменты этнических культур в современных интерьерах и ландшафтах. Актуальность и новизну статьи определяют наблюдения и выводы автора, сделанные на основе анализа массива сведений, полученного в ходе экспедиции, собственных полевых данных и предшествующих исследований, а также введение в контекст современной этнологии существенного пласта новых материалов. This article is devoted to the ethnography, folklore, language, traditional worldview, and value system of two indigenous peoples of Taymyr — the Nganasans and Enets. The main source for the research is materials of the Taymyr expedition organized in 2022 by the television channel “Culture” for filming documentaries about these peoples for the series “Land of People”. During the expedition, interviews were conducted with local residents of different generations who consider themselves Nganasans or Enets in the villages of Ust-Avame and Potapovo, as well as in Dudinka. Various fragments of ethnic practices in modern interiors and landscapes were recorded. The article features the author’s observations and conclusions based the information obtained during the expedition, his own field data, previous research, and introduces a significant amount of new ethnographic material.
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Künnap, A. "Three North Samoyedic Prohibitive Auxiliaries: Nenetsńo-, ńō-, ńu-, ńū-,Nganasanńe-and Enetsi-." Linguistica Uralica 46, no. 2 (2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2010.2.04.
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Mestnikova, Akulina E. "Traditional culture as the key marker of ethnic identity of the Circumpolar peoples (on the example of Anabar National (Dolgan-Evenki) Ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)." Человек и культура, no. 6 (June 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.6.34739.
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The subject of this research is the content and form of preservation and conveyance of traditional culture as the key marker of ethnic identity of the Circumpolar peoples. The article provides the results of field research conducted in 2020 in the Anabar National (Dolgan-Evenki) Ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), particularly of the rural locality Yuryung-Khaya, which is the only settlement in Yakutia populated mostly by Dolgans. Cultural landscape of this region, which includes ethnic and linguistic cultures of Dolgans, Evenks, Evens, Nganasans, Enets, and Nenets is characterized by mutual influence of longtime ethnocultural contacts and their reflection in the cultural traditions. Analysis of the results of sociological survey demonstrates that the majority of respondents (60.2%) believe that the choice of nationality is determined by culture and traditions, native language (26.9%), history and territory (10.4%). The results of quantitative and qualitative sociological research (questionnaire, unstructured interview, psycholinguistic experiments), as well as the analysis of modern scientific studies, allow concluding on the leading positions of culture and traditions as the fundamental identifiers of ethnicity, and determinant role of traditional economic and cultural types of activity in the process of ethnic self-identification of the indigenous peoples.
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Pavlyukevich, R. V., and E. V. Barmina. "Interethnic Marriages of Indigenous Peoples of the North in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Late 1950s." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 2(118) (June 4, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)2-04.
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The article is devoted to the phenomenon of interethnic marriages between Russians and indigenous peoples of the North in the Krasnoyarsk territory in the 1950s. The research is based on the materials of censuses and surveys conducted by local authorities in the late 1950s. The focus of researchers was made by the Enets, the Nganasans, the Selkups, the Evenks and the Kets. Since the second half of the 20th century, contacts between the Russian population and the peoples of the far North of the Krasnoyarsk territory have become more frequent. In the context of construction projects in the region, there is an increase in marriages between Russians and representatives of local indigenous peoples. These marriages had an ambiguous impact, on the one hand they were an expression of the principle of "friendship of peoples", one of the basic principles of the Soviet state and contributed to the integration of the Northern territories into the Krasnoyarsk territory. On the other hand, mixed marriages accelerated the assimilation of these peoples and contributed to the cease and extinction of their culture. Their parents positioned most of the children in such marriages as Russian. In everyday speech these families, as well as a rule, was dominated by the Russian language, Russian culture.
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Гусев, Валентин Юрьевич. "NEW EVENKI-SAMOYEDIC ETYMOLOGIES." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 2(28) (September 18, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-2-9-17.
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В статье предлагается 19 новых этимологий и 1 дополнение к существующей этимологии, которые связывают самодийские языки с эвенкийским. В большинстве случаев предполагается заимствование из эвенкийского языка или его более ранней формы в прасамодийский или отдельные самодийские языки, особенно в нганасанский, и в 2 случаях – заимствование в эвенкийский из какого-то самодийского идиома, близкого к тундровому ненецкому. The paper presents 19 new etymologies and 1 addition to an existing etymology that bring together Samoyedic languages with Evenki. In most cases they presuppose borrowing from Evenki or some its earlier form into Proto-Samoyedic or separate Samoyedic languages, especially Nganasan; 2 etymologies propose borrowing into Evenki from a Samoyedic dialect close to Tundra Nenets. The etymologies under discussion are: TM sōl- ‘mix’ > ? PS *sVl- > *tålå- > Ngan tolu- ‘be mixed’; Ev. kawri(kī) > ? Nen. χăŕei̯, En. koriˀo, Ngan. kəriˀə ‘pole for driving reindeer’; Ev. malŋa ~ PSS məlkə ‘hornless reindeer’; Ev. mə̄ nə̄ - > ? Nen. meneq-, Ngan. mintə- ‘live settled, without wandering’; Ev. čātā > Ngan. satu ‘clay’, En. seδuo, seδui, Ngan. satüə ‘live coals’; Ev. kirka ~ En. kirkaa, Ngan. kirkaˀa ‘short-wooled dog’; Ev. ebej > Nen. abej, En. aboj etc., Ngan əbəj ‘exclamation of fright; frightful; powerful’; Ev. kiri ‘dirt; disgusting’ > ? Ngan. kur ‘rubbish’, kir ‘fly’; Ev. ūďa > Ngan. ŋuə(ďəə) ‘trace, footprint’; Ev. nika > Ngan. ńükü ‘little one’; Ev. činə ‘tree disease, witches’ broom’ > Ngan. sənə (huaa) ‘(tree) with a bare trunk and a thick crown’; Ev. hońo, həńə > Ngan. hoj ‘chink’; Ev. činə-kə̄ > ? Selk. suə̑ nə̠ , En. sanike, Ngan. soni̮, sonali̮ə ‘seagull’; Ev. ūkə̄ ŋ > ? En. uxo-seri, Ngan. uku-ďari̮ ‘loon’; Ev. ugučak ‘saddle reindeer’ > Ngan. uučakə ‘saddle’; Ev. ulikta > Ngan. uľikta ‘dried meat’; Ev. uŋtrə(wūn) ‘shaving-brush’ > ? Selk. umtə/untə ‘beard’, Ev. ude, Ngan. untiə ‘pubis’; Ev. -mō > Ngan. -mə, emphatic suffix; Ev. lamba ‘spoon, scoop etc.’ Nen. lămba; Ev. ďēlar ‘white (reindeer)’ ? North-Sam. jälä ‘day; bright’
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Sunanik, Sunanik. "Pelaksanaan Terapi Wicara dan Terapi Sensori Integrasi pada Anak Terlambat Bicara." Nadwa 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/nw.2013.7.1.542.
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<p>Abstract The background of this research is the idea that a speech and language disorder is the causes of developmental disorders that are commonly found in children. Such disorder increases rapidly. Some reports put a number of speech and lan-guage disorder in the ranges from 5-10% in school children. This makes the speech delay as the most common disorder in childhood, so that quick treatment and appropriate therapy are highly needed for children with speech delay. The therapies made are speech therapy and sensory integration. The implementation of speech therapy and sensory integration should be given to children as early as possible. Speech therapy and sensory integration in children with speech delay have important role in determining the child's language development and motor skills. Inclusive education is education that puts all learners with special needs in the regular school day. In this kind of education, teachers have full responsi-bility for learners with special needs.<br /><br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi bahwasanya gangguan bicara dan bahasa adalah salah satu penyebab gangguan perkembangan yang paling sering ditemukan pa-da anak. Gangguan ini semakin hari tampak semakin meningkat pesat. Beberapa laporan menyebutkan angka kejadian gangguan bicara dan bahasa berkisar 5-10% pada anak sekolah. Hal ini menjadikan keterlambatan bicara adalah kelain-an yang paling umum terjadi pada masa anak-anak, sehingga diperlukan pena-nganan yang cepat dan terapi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tentunya yang terbaik bagi anak-anak terlambat bicara. Di antaranya adalah terapi wicara dan sensori integrasi. Pelaksanaan Terapi wicara dan sensori integrasi hendaknya diberikan kepada anak sedini mungkin. Terapi wicara dan sensori integrasi pada anak terlambat bicara mempunyai peranan penting dan menentukan perkem-bangan bahasa dan motorik anak selanjutnya.<br /><br /></p>
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Kaheinen, Kaisla. "Die Nganasanische Grammatik in einem Band." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2020, no. 65 (December 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.99933.
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Duray, Zsuzsa, Csilla Horváth, and Zsuzsa Várnai. "Visual multilingualism in the Arctic minority context of indigenous urban communities (Enontekiö, Dudinka and Khanty-Mansiysk)." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2017, no. 96 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.70249.
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The article summarizes some of the results of research on the current linguistic and cultural identity of the Sámi community in Enontekiö, Finland, of Nenets, Dolgan, Nganasan, Evenki and Enets communities in Dudinka, and of the Mansi community in Khanty-Mansiysk in the Russian Federation. The research focuses on analysing the linguistic landscapes of Enontekiö, Dudinka and Khanty-Mansiysk. The visual materials on linguistic landscape in general, and schoolscape in particular analysed in the paper were collected by the authors during their fieldworks: 2015 in Hetta, Enontekiö, 2008 and 2016 in Dudinka, and 2015 in Khanty-Mansiysk. We conclude that there is a direct correspondence between the representation of the minority languages in the broad linguistic landscape of the area and the official language policy of the state in question, the differences observed at the territories under investigation originate from the officiallanguage policy in the given state. The only domain of linguistic landscape in all the territories where the minority language is represented on its own or in combination with the majority language is that of educational and cultural institutions. The lack of monolingual minority signs in public spaces can also be the result of the fact that the use of the minority languages in writing is a recent development in all of these communities.
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"The Cultural Industries of the North through the Eyes of Young Russians." Sibirica 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2021.200305.
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Beginning in the late 1920s, the central driving force responsible for the preparation of specialists for work in the Northern, Siberian, and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation has been the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg (Herzen University), primarily led by the Institute of the Peoples of the North. Here, linguists are trained in twenty-three languages of Northern indigenous minorities. Notably, several languages of these minority groups—such as Nganasan, Dolgan, Itelmen, Enets, Ul’ta—are taught only here. The university also provides training in the field of traditional cultures of indigenous peoples (methods of traditional applied arts and crafts of the peoples of the North; dance and musical folklore; museology, etc.). However, not all experts in Northern studies are aware of the educational programs and scientific schools within the Department of Theory and History of Culture at Herzen University, under which the committee for the defense of doctoral and candidate dissertations has been working jointly with the Institute of the Peoples of the North for thirty years. The chairman of the council, doctor of arts, Professor L. M. Mosolova is the founder of the department and the head of the scientific school for the study of the culture of the regions of Russia, the countries of Northern Europe, and Eurasia. A significant amount of research completed by students—from undergraduate to postgraduate levels—is dedicated to the history and current issues of the various regions of Russia, including Siberia, the Far East, and Northern Europe.