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JÃnior, Carlos Augusto de Oliveira. "Non-governmental organizations - NGOs as an investment professional." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3607.
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The Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) progressively expand and assume a relevant role in contemporary society. With NGOs expansion in Brazil and the rest of the world, also increases people interest to enter this universe, motivated by a strong sense of dedication to social causes, as well as to achieve personal and professional
recognition through the exercise of a labor that could make sense to him or her. On the other hand, NGOs expansion brings some challenges, among them the adoption
of managerial practices and procedures aiming to attract, develop and retain competent and dedicated professionals, in order to achieve effective results in its actions, especially in a context of intensive competition for financial resources. This study aims to investigate whether NGOs represent opportunity for professional
investment, and was based on theoretical analysis of concepts such as people hiring, keeping and resigning, in the perspective of people employed with them and in
NGOs own perspective, through a critical-reflexive approach of human management subsystems, eventually adopted. This is an explanatory and descriptive research,
managed through a multiple case study, subsided by 12 (twelve) interviews and 19 (nineteen) questionnaires answered by managers and collaborators of 3 (three) most
prominent NGO in Brazilian state of CearÃ. Data were treated qualitatively employing quantitative instruments. The research allowed to evidence that surveyed
organizations assign importance to human management, nevertheless not adopting structured practices in order to promote the collaborators permanence, discerning
that hiring and permanence of them proceeds from the desire of professional qualification, of joining in these organizations an space of identification with the social
causes that he/she protect and believe, and by the work environment (organizational climate) provided.As organizaÃÃes nÃo governamentais - ONGs cada vez mais se expandem e assumem papel relevante na sociedade contemporÃnea. Com o crescimento das ONGs no contexto brasileiro e mundial aumenta tambÃm o interesses das pessoas de ingressarem no universo de trabalho das ONGs, pressupÃe-se, movidas por um forte senso de dedicaÃÃo a causas sociais, mas tambÃm de obter reconhecimento pessoal e profissional pelo exercÃcio de um trabalho que lhes faÃa sentido. Por outro lado, a expansÃo das ONGs traz alguns desafios, dentre esses, a necessidade de adotarem prÃticas e procedimentos de gestÃo que visem a atrair, desenvolver e reter profissionais competentes e mobilizados, com fins a obter resultados efetivos em suas aÃÃes, sobretudo num contexto de intensa concorrÃncia por recursos financeiros. O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar se as ONGs constituem espaÃo de investimento profissional, partindo-se da anÃlise teÃrica na perspectiva das pessoas que atuam nas ONGs e das organizaÃÃes, na qual se englobam conceitos sobre ingresso, permanÃncia e evasÃo de pessoas, mediante a anÃlise dos subsistemas de gestÃo de pessoas eventualmente adotados. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratÃria e descritiva, por meio de estudo de caso mÃltiplo, e valeu-se da aplicaÃÃo de 12 (doze) entrevistas e 19 (dezenove)questionÃrios, aplicados junto aos gestores e colaboradores, respectivamente, de 3 (trÃs) das maiores ONGs do Estado do CearÃ. As informaÃÃes foram tratadas qualitativamente com emprego de instrumentos quantitativos. A pesquisa permitiu constatar que as organizaÃÃes estudadas atribuem importÃncia à gestÃo de pessoas, entretanto nÃo adotam prÃticas estruturadas que visem a promover a permanÃncia de seus colaboradores, percebendo-se que o ingresso e permanÃncia desses colaboradores ocorrem a partir do desejo de se capacitarem profissionalmente, de encontrarem nessas organizaÃÃes um espaÃo de identificaÃÃo com as causas sociais que defendem e nos quais acreditam, e pelo ambiente de trabalho (clima organizacional) proporcionado.
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Dang, Linh H. "Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Development: An Illustration of Foreign NGOs in Vietnam." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243905289.
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Nguyen, Thi Kieu Vien. "Emerging local NGOs in Vietnam : strengths, limitations and prospects /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16773.pdf.
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Salehin, Mohammad Musfequs. "Development, state and religious non-governmental organizations in Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10513.
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This project investigates the relationship between religion, the state, development and Religious NGOs (RNGOs) in general and Islamic NGOs in particular in Bangladesh. Based on fieldwork with three Islamic NGOs, and carried out in Bangladesh over the period of July 2010 to February 2011, this research attempts to answer five specific research questions. This research uses qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation to collect data from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Islamic NGOs (including beneficiaries of secular NGOs), NGO officials and local key informants in three districts in Bangladesh. A new form of ‘governmentality’—a pious or sacralised governmentality, as this research argues, emerged in the context of hegemonic neoliberal governmentality. This new form of governmentality is revealed through the practices and programs of the Islamic NGOs, for example, through their practice of ‘entrepreneurial Homo economicus’. Thus Islamic NGOs also changed the ideological structures shaping the lives of rural women through an Islamic version of ‘women empowerment’ and the enhancement of Muslim women’s agency. Although an Islamic ideological construct informs the programs and activities of Islamic NGOs, these NGOs are having a crisis in their Islamic identity due to their alleged connections with Islamists, war-crimes and subsequent state surveillance. Yet, this research argues that in the context of the perceived ‘coercive’ practices of secular NGOs Islamic NGOs have the potential to emerge as an alternative development practice in Bangladesh.
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Yang, Xuehui. "Labor NGOs : labor movement agencies in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/600.
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Prevailing literature on Chinese labor non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which focuses largely on their relations with the authoritarian state and strategies for survival, mainly views that these labor groups, in order to survive, tend to confine their work to social service provisions and legal consultations that are permitted, or, at least, not prohibited, by the state. Hence, they hardly become the agencies of social change to build a labor movement in China. However, based my observations between 2013-2015 in the Guangdong Province, I argue that a small group of labor NGOs have stepped beyond their supposed roles and become labor movement agencies in China; they actively assist and organize striking workers to negotiate with employers, and have hatched several informal labor groups in industrial zones. To explain this new development of labor NGOs in China, first, I argue that the state exerts its control on labor NGOs through a differentiated process, which creates a certain space for movement-oriented labor NGOs to survive. On the one hand, the state's need for NGOs in relieving its social welfare obligations gives them a chance to "disguise" as an ostensible social service provider by employing strategies. One the other hand, the different functions, power bases and vested interests of labor NGO-related state organstrade unions, public and national security agencies, and civil affairs bureaususually lead to less coordinated efforts in containing these groups. Second, the movement-oriented labor NGOs are able to develop strong ties to workers and facilitate labor organizing. During workers' collective struggles, they organize training to enhance workers' right consciousness and transmit the idea of collective bargaining to them; they also help elect and train worker representatives, offer tactics to them, and are even present on bargaining tables on workers' behalf. By hatching informal labor groups, these labor groups network and educate workers in communities to build solidarity, and encourage them to run group activities and learn self-organization skills. Particularly, worker-turned NGO activists, who previously experienced labor disputes and with leadership skills, notably facilitate these activities due to their deep understanding of workers' circumstance and demands, and profound knowledge of their language and labor dispute settlement. This research demonstrates that, although movement-oriented labor NGOs are probably transitional forms in China and not able to replace genuine trade unions, they have taken up some roles that trade unions were supposed to play, significantly contributing to improving the organizational capacity of Chinese workers.
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Yang, Xuehui. "Labor NGOs: labor movment agencies in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/338.
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Prevailing literature on Chinese labor non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which focuses largely on their relations with the authoritarian state and strategies for survival, mainly views that these labor groups, in order to survive, tend to confine their work to social service provisions and legal consultations that are permitted, or, at least, not prohibited, by the state. Hence, they hardly become the agencies of social change to build a labor movement in China. However, based my observations between 2013-2015 in the Guangdong Province, I argue that a small group of labor NGOs have stepped beyond their supposed roles and become labor movement agencies in China; they actively assist and organize striking workers to negotiate with employers, and have hatched several informal labor groups in industrial zones. To explain this new development of labor NGOs in China, first, I argue that the state exerts its control on labor NGOs through a differentiated process, which creates a certain space for movement-oriented labor NGOs to survive. On the one hand, the state's need for NGOs in relieving its social welfare obligations gives them a chance to "disguise" as an ostensible social service provider by employing strategies. One the other hand, the different functions, power bases and vested interests of labor NGO-related state organstrade unions, public and national security agencies, and civil affairs bureaususually lead to less coordinated efforts in containing these groups. Second, the movement-oriented labor NGOs are able to develop strong ties to workers and facilitate labor organizing. During workers' collective struggles, they organize training to enhance workers' right consciousness and transmit the idea of collective bargaining to them; they also help elect and train worker representatives, offer tactics to them, and are even present on bargaining tables on workers' behalf. By hatching informal labor groups, these labor groups network and educate workers in communities to build solidarity, and encourage them to run group activities and learn self-organization skills. Particularly, worker-turned NGO activists, who previously experienced labor disputes and with leadership skills, notably facilitate these activities due to their deep understanding of workers' circumstance and demands, and profound knowledge of their language and labor dispute settlement. This research demonstrates that, although movement-oriented labor NGOs are probably transitional forms in China and not able to replace genuine trade unions, they have taken up some roles that trade unions were supposed to play, significantly contributing to improving the organizational capacity of Chinese workers.
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Kennedy, Kathleen M. "Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and tourism : a partnership for poverty reduction in developing countries /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000494/02/1950FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: D'Arcy Dornan "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-161). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Sharma, (Ghimirey) Gopal. "Non-governmental organisations and empowerment of women : a study on some selected NGOs of darjeeling district of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1393.
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Lam, Wai-shan Jovi. "An analysis of the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of the employees retraining policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21038107.
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Taylor, Jennifer. "Exploring Pediatric Healthcare Initiatives of Non-Governmental Organizations in Low-and Middle-Income Countries." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40670.
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Objective: To explore and describe how healthcare non-governmental organizations provide and evaluate programs and services that result in positive and sustainable health outcomes in children and adolescents living in low-and middle-income countries and to better understand the role of nursing within these organizations.
Scoping Review: A scoping review informed by the Arksey & O’Malley framework was completed to explore the research on the delivery of pediatric health services by non-governmental organizations in low-and middle-income countries.
Qualitative Study: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to share the voices and experiences of stakeholders working in the field of NGO practice to provide clarity, further insight and depth to the results from the scoping review and broaden the understanding of the role of nursing on this topic.
Conclusions: Despite variability in practice and a multitude of competing priorities, outcome evaluation is growing within the field of pediatric NGO practice, and progress is being made towards evaluation of broader health outcomes besides unidimensional health indicators or outputs. Nurses can play a significant role in improving pediatric NGO program development and evaluation practices and are well positioned to be global health leaders who can influence policy and practice for the achievement of positive and sustainable health outcomes in children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries.
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Li, Beiliu, and Ying Wang. "Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working with social welfare in China : characteristics, difficulties, possibilities." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11412.
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Non-governmental organizations play an increasingly important role in society today. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics, difficulties, and possibilities for NGOs working with social welfare in China. This paper presents data by using qualitative method and analyzes it with the social ecological perspective. The results of this study show that top-down NGOs like the one studied in this paper are experimental organizations which are established according to China's social environment in order to undertake the welfare services ordered by the government. In this way the government legalizes the working of NGOs. However, the result is that, on the one hand, NGOs help government to promote the quality of public services, and on the other, relying on the government becames an obstruction of NGOs development.
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Boulding, Carew Elizabeth. "Protest, voting and political change the effects of NGOs on politics in developing democracies /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258708.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 4, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-197).
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Shawa, Salma Aown. "Building 'civil society' in Palestine 1993-1998 : four case studies of Palestinian non-governmental organizations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367560.
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This thesis looks in depth at the efforts of Palestinian NGOs to build 'civil society' during the period after the transfer of power from Israeli occupation to Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in 1993 till 1998. The process of building civil society is shown in the thesis to be understood differently by NGOs, the PNA and international donors in the functions that it involves and the position that NGOs ought to occupy within the Palestinian community. Drawing on the civil society literature, a working definition of the process of building civil society is developed for the purposes of the study which emphasises three dimensions: (i) NGO efforts to gain public influence either by influencing public debate, rights and duties or public policies; (ii) NGO attempts to strengthen community solidarity and (iii) NGO work to promote democratic organisational practices within their own organisations. A set of four NGO case studies was collected and the data analysed with reference to social theory literature, drawing in particular on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field and capital. It was found that a set of internal and external obstacles limited NGO efforts to build civil society. These included lack of support from the PNA, the continuation of Israeli occupation in different forms and lack of interest in the community. These obstacles reduced the ability of NGOs to realise this role effectively. Of the three dimensions of the process of building civil society it was only the second one - that of strengthening community solidarity - that NGOs focused on as a way of combating the difficult economic circumstances that Palestinian Territories were experiencing. The thesis concludes that Palestinian NGOs had the potential to build civil society but they needed more appropriate external and internal circumstances to be entrusted with carrying out this role.
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Sundberg, Juanita R. "Conservation encounters : NGOs, local people, and changing cultural landscapes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kilemi, Sarah Mwakiuna. "Efficiency and sustainability of non-governmental organisation (NGOs) with reference to women led NGOs in Kenya /." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/497625865.pdf.
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Saungweme, Maxwell. "Factors influencing financial sustainability of local NGOs : the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97293.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Local non-governmental organisations play an important role in the development processes of Zimbabwe. However, they face an uncertain future, as they depend on volatile external donor funding which leaves them financially unsustainable. This research sought to determine whether local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were sustainable, and to analyse the main factors that influenced their financial sustainability. Through a mixed methods research design including literature review, secondary data analysis and a survey using a structured questionnaire, this research revealed that local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were financially unsustainable. A regression analysis was employed to determine the relationships between the different factors and financial sustainability. The research focused on four factors of financial sustainability of local non-governmental organisations: sound financial management practices, income diversification, own income generation, and good donor relationship management practices. Data used for the research was from 2009 to 2013. The survey of 52 local non-governmental organisations spread throughout Zimbabwe provided primary data for the research. The research confirmed findings of others that local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were not financially sustainable and depended on external donor funds. The research revealed that most local non-governmental organisations were funded entirely by external donors, had no reserve funds, were not generating own income, and depended on average on about three donors. This meant that if the external donors pulled out these organisations would cease operations. The research revealed that on average donor dependency ratios for Zimbabwean non-governmental organisations were above 93 percent, while survival ratios were very low with 22 days being the maximum. These results meant that if external donors completely pulled out their funding, local non-governmental organisations would operate for at most 22 days before closing down. The research also revealed that most local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were not leveraging their assets to generate income, and most were not engaged in own income generating activities while their funding sources were not diversified enough to be regarded sustainable. The government of Zimbabwe was not funding local non-governmental organisations and local donors were scant. The regression analysis ascertained that sound financial management practices had the largest influence on financial sustainability of local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe, followed by income diversification, then own income generation and good donor relationship management. The research recommends that international donors should provide local non-governmental organisations with some unrestricted income to support start-up of social entrepreneurship activities and small businesses to ensure the financial sustainability of the programmes they fund. The government of Zimbabwe must view local non-governmental organisations as partners that complement its work and are therefore deserving of government funding. Non-governmental organisations need to change their mind-set, start social entrepreneurship and small business activities, and refrain from just seeing external donors as their main source of funding. Networks of non-governmental organisations must fundraise to train and enhance the capacity of their member organisations in running social enterprises and small businesses, and hire staff with expertise in running profit-making activities to complement their non-profit work.
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Chui, Hiu-kwan Cheryl, and 徐曉君. "Child welfare NGOs in China : implications for state-society relations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206334.
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The civil society perspective and the corporatist perspective have thus far dominated studies on state-society relations in the Chinese context. While these paradigms are insightful, their unidirectional and rigid natures may no longer adequately describe the complex nature of evolving state-society relations in China. As such, Joel S. Migdal’s State-in-Society framework is adopted as the theoretical premise of this study. Allowing for more fluidity, the State-in-Society theory serves as an alternative approach towards examining interactions between the state and nonprofits and between the state and society. The concept of social control within the framework is examined in further detail. Descriptive multiple case study was used as a method of inquiry, followed by thematic analysis.
Findings generally corroborate with the logic of social control, with compliance, participation and legitimacy being the incremental stages with which both nonprofits and the state seek to attain from each other and from the public. It was found that the state employ strategies including co-optation, procedural validation and hijacking scholarship to gain participation whereas moral reinforcement, rhetoric validation, and image consolidation are used to attain legitimacy. Ironically, nonprofits employ similar strategies in an attempt to change the state’s behaviour. Vilification and shaming are used to gain compliance, while resource appropriation and preemptive engagement are employed to attain participation. Moral reinforcement, image consolidation, individual credibility and persistence were found to be critical factors in bolstering organizational legitimacy. Furthermore, findings generally support the claim that nonprofits operating in rural areas enjoy greater autonomy than those active in urban areas. Even so, state-society relations is highly localized and therefore overgeneralization should be avoided.
In addition to contributing to the discourse on state-society relations, this study seeks to identify the role of nongovernmental organizations in orphan care provision in China. Along with content analysis and field observations, 10 in-depth cases are presented to illustrate existing obstacles pertaining to orphan care provision. Identified barriers are subsequently compartmentalized into five main categories: knowledge level, policy level, cultural level, organizational level, and state-NGO relations.
Given the distinct welfare system extant between rural and urban areas, findings indicate that orphans in rural areas are disproportionately disadvantaged compared to those residing in cities. This may be due to the relatively weak economic and human resources that often characterize rural China. One important observation is the growing tendency for local governments to regard nongovernmental organizations as critical service partners. However, the sustainability of this service model is questionable, especially when the state claims to carry primary responsibility over citizen welfare. The legal ambiguity concerning the registration and governance of nonprofits also jeopardizes future undertakings. Nevertheless, it is strategically and rationally sensible for local governments to ally with nonprofits insofar as there are deficiencies in the former’s capacity to deliver social services for disadvantaged children. This study concludes by discussing policy implications on China’s third sector and social development.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Roy, Raili. "“Jagoron: Awakening” to Gender in Non Governmental Organizations in Contemporary Bengal." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1356033850.
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Quinn, Rapin. "NGOs, peasants and the state transformation and intervention in rural Thailand, 1970-1990 /." Canberra : Australian National University, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060227.084102/index.html.
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Mačiukaitė-Žvinienė, Saulė. "Non-Governmental Organizations in the Baltic States: Impact on Democracy." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080306_132157-21946.
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Problem Statement. Anyone trying to analyze the dimensions of the impact of non-governmental organizations on democracy in the Baltic States comparatively faces a double dilemma: on the one hand, dimensions should be conceptualized and integrated into a range of theories and, on the other hand, the characteristics of the system in these countries both referring to historical reality and theoretical exceptions have to be taken into sufficient considerations. The latter constructs the following problem statement – the impact of non-governmental organizations on democracy can be regarded from approach of social sciences as a comprehensive interconnection, on which could be based theoretical outputs and which can be analyzed empirically applying qualitative and quantitative measures and meta-analysis. The problem statement has been used to guide the thesis by principle research questions: 1. What are the chances of support of non-governmental organizations to democracy?; 2. Which are the factors contributing most to the development of democracy in the Baltic States referring to the role of non-governmental organizations, and what are the differences among the countries? 3. What is the quality of the impact of relations between non-governmental organizations and democracy in the Baltic States, and what are the differences among the countries?
The answers to these questions are definitely neither simple nor straight forward. They depend on the method of analysis and also on the... [to full text]Temos aktualumas Demokratijos plėtros sąlygomis Rytų ir Centrinėje Europoje vienu svarbiausiu tyrimo objektu žlugus Sovietų Sąjungai tampa demokratija. Skirtingų šalių mokslininkai atlieka lyginamuosius tyrimus, remdamiesi gausiais statistikos duomenimis ir originalių tyrimų rezultatais, ir taip formuluoja išvadas, pabrėždami efektyvios demokratijos plėtros galimybes. Tačiau daugiausia tyrimų apima Lenkiją, Čekiją, Slovakiją, Vengrijos Respubliką ar net Rusijos Federaciją, bet maža jų dalis yra siejama su Baltijos šalimis. Pažymėtina ir tai, kad nėra pakankamai analizuojamos demokratijos ir pilietinės visuomenės sąsajos bei nevyriausybinių organizacijų, kaip pilietinės visuomenės elemento, įtakos demokratijai identifikavimo dimensijos. Skirtingų šalių mokslininkai (A. Uhlin, T. Vanhanen, L. Diamond, D. Held, R. Dahl ir kiti) teigia, kad svarbiausia demokratijos prielaida yra pilietinės visuomenės gebėjimas mobilizuotis. Pabrėžiama, kad nėra taip svarbu užtikrinti, kad kiekvienas pilietis aktyviai dalyvautų politiniame procese, tačiau kiekvienas turi turėti tokią galimybę (A. Uhlin, 2004). Praktinėje veikloje pastebima, kad pilietinei visuomenei siekiant dalyvauti politinėje, socialinėje, ekonominėje ar kultūrinėje arenoje būtina pasitelkti nevyriausybines organizacijas, kurių veikla padeda įgyvendinti pilietinės visuomenės idėjas, tačiau šioje disertacijoje nagrinėjama ne nevyriausybinių organizacijų veikla, o tik jų sąsajos su demokratija. Vis dėlto nepaisant gana gausių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Zhou, Hang. "Saving Nu Jiang : embedded political opportunity for Chinese NGOs under globalization /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202006%20ZHOU.
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Tsui, Wai-hang, and 崔偉恆. "Civil society in China: an analysis of NGOs on the Mainland." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31228379.
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Wilhide, Nicolette M. "NGOs as agents of historical change a comparative study of violence against women in Argentina and Brazil /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5177.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 58 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-58).
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Tang, Jie. "The actual and potential roles played by Chinese NGOs in human rights promotion and protection in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36901155.
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Bodja, Sebilu. "A critical perspective on community empowerment: the cases of selected NGOs in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2920_1181913991.
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Empowerment is a catchword that has recently entered current development debate. Development is largely perceived as a process of building capacities hence empowering people to be able to handle their affairs. As such it is a concept highly espoused by prominent development actors and mainly Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The study attempted to examine the theoretical and empirical aspects of community empowerment from a critical perspective by surveying activities of three NGOs in Ethiopia. A recent framework developed by a working group of the World Bank for measuring and structuring analysis was used for analyzing findings. Conceptualization and practices of empowerment seem to be at a nascent stage and tools for measuring it as well
that is what the findings of the study indicate. Despite the rhetoric surrounding the concept, the experience of surveyed NGOs also shows disparities between theory and practice.
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Lee, Melanie Wai Yi. "Towards a richer understanding of NGOs in Hong Kong : a market orientation perspective." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/582.
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This qualitative study was designed to develop a deeper understanding of market orientation among NGOs in Hong Kong. Although there have been many academic studies of market orientation, its theory and practice as well as its relationship with performance, there has never previously been a systematic analysis of that theme in the context of NGOs, and in particular in the unique context of Hong Kong. Previous research has established that systematic maintenance of a market orientation correlates with better performance among business organizations. There have also been studies addressing how organizations can become more market oriented, its antecedents and consequences, as well as its relationship with leadership, entrepreneurship and innovation. But little scholarly work has considered market orientation in NGOs, a category of organizations that is growing in numbers and social significance. The managers of 5 quite different Hong Kong NGOs were interviewed, and the interview transcripts were analyzed to identify themes related to market orientation and its application in their organizations. Ten important antecedents to a market orientation were identified from the transcripts. These were distilled into 3 factors which together largely explained the varying degrees of market orientation in the organizations studied. Senior management factors, organizational and institutional factors, as well as structural and system factors were all found to predict an NGO's market orientation. One important finding is that an NGO's fund-raising model moderates in the relationship between the organization's market orientation and its antecedents. A model is proposed that explains what antecedents are important, how they relate to market orientation and why fund raising affects the relationship. For NGOs, market orientation is understood less as a rational-actor model aimed at achieving organizational efficiency and performance, but rather as an explanation of how to appear legitimate in the eyes of donors. There appears to be a big impact of resource dependency on how the NGOs pursue market orientation. While all of the NGOs studied considered themselves market-oriented, they in fact had varied interpretations of market orientation depending on their fund-raising models. The more centralized an NGO' s source of funds, the greater the likelihood that its interpretation of market orientation is adjusted for legitimization in the eyes of its donors.
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Ma, Hung-tao Helene. "The impact of managerial reform on social service NGOs." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38645798.
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Mui, Tat-ming. "The corporate governance of NGOs in social welfare sector in Hong Kong after 2000." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38637054.
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Shologu, Anita. "Employee perceptions of organisational culture constructs in selected non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Cape Town, Western Cape Province." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2876.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are perceived to be poorly performing partly due to their culture; the constructs of NGOs’ culture usually affect employees’ commitment and performance negatively, leading employees to leave the organisation. This discourages and demoralises employees’ mind sets to perform as expected which affects NGOs’ productivity, goals and competitiveness in a negative way. The study investigated employee perceptions in organisational culture constructs to selected NGOs in Cape Town in order to generate valuable information in understanding the role of organisational culture in the achievement of organisational objectives in NGOs. Mixed methods approach was used in this study as it allowed collecting of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously and assessing different facets of complex outcomes in a richer way than one method alone. The study found that culture is set to boost employees’ and organisations’ performance, and that managers and owners in NGOs have knowledge of this. The study revealed that some criteria such as openness and the creativity view of the organisational culture are only considered positive to managers and owners of NGOs. This study found that managers and owners in NGOs believe the implemented organisational culture is very effective, positively affects and boosts employees’ performance. The employees, however, had a different perception; they feel excluded from the development of the organisational culture which in turn affects their commitment and performance in a negative manner. This study found that employees’ commitment towards organisational culture derives from the way it is designed and how it suits employees’ expectations. Aspects such as remuneration, a safe work environment and sustainability, were found to be important for employees’ performance and commitment. Therefore, it is evident that directing or developing NGOs’ organisational culture that focus on employees’ expectation such as remuneration and sustainable employees’ innovation and practice will receive more support from employees. Furthermore, the criteria are keen to improve the way employees perform and commit to the organisation. It was recommended that NGOs involve employees in the design or development of its organisational culture in order to have more information on employees regarding what to expect from them. Another major implication is that the issue of employee benefit or remuneration have to be addressed in order to maintain employees’ performance.
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Kim, Young Ho. "When do NGOs make differences in world politics? : an analysis of the U.S. NGO policy advocacy for international environmental treaties /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50265574.html.
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Maldonado, Martin A. "The politics of poverty non governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in affordable housing programs in Argentina /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041069.
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Gilbert, Paul Carson. "NGOs and Human Rights Promotion: Socialisation, Framing, and the Case of West Papua." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1694.
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Recent developments in international relations have seen dramatic increases in the number and activities of human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This has inspired research that seeks to explain processes of human rights socialisation, particularly in crisis zones. In this context, NGO advocacy is often welcomed as being inherently beneficial for adherence to human rights principles. Such a position, however, fails to account for the
critiques offered by theorists who suggest that the wielding of any power to affect change can have negative as well as positive outcomes, and the critiques of realist international relations theorists who assert the dangers of unqualified promotion of normative concerns in the face of power interests. In this context, this thesis offers a critical evaluation of the contributions of NGO advocacy in human rights socialisation.
Two models of human rights socialisation – the spiral and boomerang models – are utilised in
examining human rights advocacy in West Papua, a province of Indonesia. The West Papuan case study indicates that detrimental outcomes can result from the failure of human rights
advocates to account for political interests and state sovereignty in their strategies of human rights promotion. Human rights campaigns framed in terms of people’s rights to physical security and subsistence, instead of more political rights, such as the right to selfdetermination,
are likely to be more positive for human rights adherence. This points to the desirability of a hierarchy of rights principles in human rights advocacy and suggests, for the socialisation models used, a need for clearer distinctions between the human rights principles prescribed for advocacy.
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Whitelum, Bernadette. "Rhetoric and reality in the World Bank's relations with NGOs : an Indonesian case study /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20040804.140004/index.html.
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Lam, Wai-shan Jovi, and 林偉珊. "An analysis of the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of the employees retraining policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965891.
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Tang, Jie, and 湯杰. "The actual and potential roles played by Chinese NGOs in human rights promotion and protection in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36901155.
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Rossi, Mark S. (Mark Stephen) 1962. "Greening the invisible hand : how environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) succeed and fall in technology change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29947.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 473-491).
This dissertation examines how national environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Sweden and the United States (US) tried to diffuse cleaner production technologies in the pulp and paper industry from 1980-1998. The environmental organizations were: Greenpeace Sweden, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Environmental Defense, Greenpeace USA, and Natural Resources Defense Council. The technologies they tried to diffuse reduced dioxins and other organochlorines from mills that bleach pulp for making white paper products. Totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching emerged as the cleanest bleaching technology in commercial use: it eliminated organochlorine water pollution. The Swedish environmental organizations, with help from Greenpeace Germany, were more successful at diffusing TCF bleaching. The success in Sweden emerged because the environmental organizations created market demand for TCF paper: they formed collaborative relations with major buyers of bleached paper, proved that TCF paper was a technically viable alternative, and connected environmentally-minded consumers with like-minded manufacturers. Supporting their success were: a longer history of market campaigns to transform paper bleaching, the lack of opposition to TCF paper in Germany (a major consumer of Swedish bleached pulp), and massive seal and fish die-offs in 1988. The failure in the US occurred because the environmental organizations did not create market demand: they disagreed on environmental goals, they did not succeed in forming collaborative alliances with major purchasers in favor of TCF paper, and they could not overcome a sophisticated counter-campaign from environmental laggards in the American pulp and paper industry.
(cont.) This dissertation proposes that success in the face of strident industry opposition entails changing organizing strategy: national environmental groups need to engage in sectoral organizing. In sectoral organizing environmental groups work to create a more environmentally sustainable busies sector, rather than addressing a single problem within that sector. Sectoral organizing creates opportunities for achieving challenging goals by collaborating with consumers across multiple environmental problems, addressing the low hanging fruit first, then moving to more complex problems. By creating trust, credibility, and legitimacy with consumers, environmental organizations are more likely to succeed in the face of opposition from environmental laggards.
by Mark S. Rossi.
Ph.D.
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Harrafa, Hassan. "Globalisation and alternatives an interdisciplinary reading into the discourse of NGOs /." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82441.
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"April 2002"Thesis (MA (Hons))--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Centre for International Communication, 2003.
Bibliography: leaves 222-232.
Introduction -- Historiography of NGOs -- Historiography of globalisation -- World social forum, the who is who in the anti-globalisation/deglobalisation movement and alternatives -- Critical discourse analysis, discourse historical method and study's methodology -- Data analysis, findings and impact of NGOs' discourse on global civil society and TNCs -- Summary of findings, limitations and avenues for future research.
Non-Government-Organisations (NGOs) have been in the forefront of the struggle against the alleged negative impact of globalisation on developing countries and disenfranchised communities around the world. But despite the fact that NGOs and other grassroot movements are becoming increasingly strident, the discourse of this sector of civil society has not been subjected to any substantial and concerted academic study, particularly in the field of international communication. -- The present study aims at partially filling this gap by 1) reviewing the current general state of NGOs, 2) surveying the latest debates relative to the outreach of globalisation and 3) examining the alternatives being proposed. While drawing mainly on a select sample of NGOs and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) press communiques, the core focus of this study is to deconstruct the NGOs' discourse with a view to gauging its linguistic and hermeneutical underpinnings and situating its relevance within the ongoing debate on globalisation and alternatives. -- This study also aims to examine the discourse of NGOs in the context of a multidiscourse environment relative to the present state of global community development in general and civil society and disenfranchised communities in developing countries in particular as part of the praxis of mainstreaming alternative views and discourses. -- For this, an interdisciplinary methodology of text analysis, juxtaposition and interpretation, based largely on the matrix outlined in Wodak's (Matouschek, Wodak & Januschek, 1996, p. 60), Historical Discourse Method (HDM), Van Dijk's (1998) Media Discourse Approach and Fairclough's (1995, 2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used throughout this study. -- And in order to gauge the impact of NGOs' discourse on global civil society, sample articles are examined to decode the perspectives of pro-globalisation media vis-a-vis NGOs' discourse within the parameters of TNCs/Civil Society/NGOs relationships, international political economy and NGOs' taxonomy within International Regimes.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 232 leaves
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PAGANO, Mario. "Overcoming Plaumann : Environmental NGOs and access to justice before the CJEU." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75102.
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Defence date: 05 December 2022Examining Board : Professor Joanne Scott, (European University Institute, supervisor); Professor Claire Kilpatrick, (European University Institute); Professor Áine Ryall, (University College Cork); Professor Scott Cummings, (University of California, Los Angeles)
Since the early ‘90s, environmental NGOs have been fighting to be granted standing in actions for annulment. Direct access to the EU judiciary is hindered by the narrow interpretation given by the Court of the ‘individual concern’ requirement laid down under Article 263(4) TFEU. This narrow interpretation is known as ‘the Plaumann test’. By drawing from the literature on legal mobilisation and combining doctrinal and qualitative methods of analysis, the present dissertation explores how the European environmental movement has mobilised to overcome Plaumann in the last thirty years. In this regard, this thesis provides an empirical and theoretical contribution to the study of strategic litigation in the environmental domain. This by shedding light on the NGOs’ understanding of the legal opportunity structure in the EU, as well as on NGOs’ resources and legal strategies deployed to overcome Plaumann. This dissertation shows the relevance of networks membership in EU environmental litigation and argues that the lack of internal legal expertise does not necessarily prevent environmental organisations from resorting to legal mobilisation. Furthermore, this dissertation holds that, despite Plaumann, NGOs’ achievements are remarkable. In particular, the new Aarhus Regulation is expected to bring more legal mobilisation in Europe and deliver more disputes on the ‘science’ underlying EU environmental measures. Conversely, in the climate domain, NGOs are building what I conceptualised in terms of ‘transnational incremental judicial comfort’. The spreading of ‘judicial comfort’ in the climate context casts shadows on the CJEU, which looks increasingly ‘obsolete’ in the eyes of climate litigants. Finally, this dissertation argues that there is a demand within the European environmental movement for a different kind of EU environmental justice, which does not settle for administrative review of EU acts, but that rather strives for a more substantive judicial review of EU policy measures (including legislative acts).
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Abu-Sáda, Eman Y. "Conceptualizations, definitions, practices, and activities of people's participation in social development projects from the viewpoint of funding Northern NGOs and their local Palestinian partners /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1069257242.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 424 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-331). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Abu-Sa'da, Eman Y. "Conceptualizations, definitions, practices, and activities of people’s participation in social development projects from the viewpoint of funding Northern NGOs and their local Palestinian partners." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1069257242.
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Jones, Patrick 1982. "Lebanonizing the State: NGOs in a Confessional Society." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11987.
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ix, 179 p.This thesis, based on field research in Lebanon, explores how the confessional nature of the Lebanese state affects the construction of civil society. It elaborates on the state's role as a social service provider and its legal and bureaucratic relationship with the Lebanese NGO community while also exploring how the state's role as a service provider is perceived in the Lebanese media. Pulling from a variety of archival sources in Lebanon, this thesis surveys 26 Arabic language newspaper articles published between 2006 and 2008. It also utilizes a myriad of primary sources including government and donor documents, unpublished NGO studies and statistical data. This thesis argues that confessionalism inhibits the state's capacity to provide social services efficiently. The politicization of these services conditions the relationship between the state, sectarian political parties and the NGO community. This phenomenon is reproduced in the Lebanese media and allows confessional relationships to infect civil society.
Committee in charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chairperson; Dr. Alexander B. Murphy, Member; Dr. Frederick S. Colby, Member
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Kelly, Robert Edwin. "'A lot more than the NGOs seem to think' the impact of non-governmental organizations on the Bretton Woods institutions /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110364714.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 349 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 324-349). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Li, Ying, and 李颖. "The dynamics between the local state, the community and environmental NGOs in China: a state-in-society approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47032923.
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Finnetty, Shaun. "Analyzing the roles of local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in sustainable tourism, a case study of Belize, Central America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60800.pdf.
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Nqaba, Patronella Pinky. "NGOs and the depoliticisation of development : the case of GADRA education in Grahamstown." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017865.
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Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been criticised for depoliticising development through focusing on alleviating suffering rather than on addressing the root causes of poverty and underdevelopment. This research explores whether and how NGOs can act in ways that do not depoliticise development. The research focuses on education NGOs and in particular on the NGO GADRA education in Grahamstown, South Africa, to provide insights into ways in which politically conscious leadership of NGOs attempt to deal with the contradictions that are inherent in this field of work. This research provides a brief history of the South African Education system as a means to set a basis for the discussion of the role of education NGOs in the country. Furthermore it looks at the work that is done by GADRA education in the Grahamstown community. The thesis makes the argument that education NGOs can act in ways that do not depoliticise development because by providing access to education for people who are structurally excluded from education, they contribute to shifting power. This research found that although the leadership of GADRA Education acknowledge that they are confronted with great challenges in terms of how to bring about changes in the education system, they are hopeful that advocating for quality education will bring about the potential for the disruption of power relations as they exist between the state organs and the public.
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Matjuda, Mosibudi Agnes. "Assessment of the capacity of Masibambane donor funded non-governmental organizations (NGO's) to provide water services in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/900.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2010This study was undertaken in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Its aim was to assess the capacity of the NGOs that benefitted from Masibambane which is a donor funded programme and to examine the contributions that they are making towards addressing the water and sanitation challenges. This programme made funding available to capacitate the NGOs with the hope that they will assist the sector. Five NGOs which are operating in various districts in the province were included in the study. This was a qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from NGOs, municipalities, Department of Water Affairs and communities. Primary data were collected through interviews, focused groups and observations in the field while secondary data were obtained from NGO and Water Affairs documents. The findings of this study revealed that The Mvula Trust and Tsogang Water and Sanitation NGOs have the capacity to implement both water and sanitation infrastructure projects at a village level. Operation Hunger‟s expertise regarding water infrastructure projects is on digging boreholes and installing hand pipes even though it diversified to include water conservation. Akanani Rural Development Association has the expertise of building sanitation facilities while Thlavhama Training Initiative is still learning. It was also discovered that NGOs are good at mobilizing communities and also have the capacity to impart skills to the communities. Participants from NGOs confirmed that learning occurred through Masibambane programme even though some felt that the needs of the NGOs were not adequately addressed.
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Van, Leuven Nancy. "Hard news, soft news, and tough issues : the symbiotic relationships between NGOs, news agencies, and international development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6154.
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Nyathi, Daina. "Evaluation of poverty alleviation strategies implemented by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Zimbabwe: a case of Binga rural district." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/507.
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The problem this research seeks to address is about the ineffectiveness of NGOs’ strategies implemented in the rural areas of Binga District in Zimbabwe. The research has been basically influenced by personal concerns which I believe have influenced the selection of the research problem. My main concern is the deepening of poverty in Binga District. Lack of infrastructure like roads, shortage of schools leading to high illiteracy levels, shortage of clinics and hospitals, lack of clean water, high unemployment levels are the indicators of poverty in Binga. Country wide, the district is regarded as one of the poorest districts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation strategies implemented by NGOs in the rural areas of Zimbabwe specifically in Binga. Today there are more than fifteen NGOs that operate in Binga and they specialise in different areas ranging from food distribution, education, agriculture, conservation and advocacy. What matters most is that despite the number of NGOs operating in Binga, poverty is still intensifying and widening. Through the research, it was found that most NGOs’ strategies in Binga focus on relief than developmental aid. Also when addressing poverty, NGOs use the trickle down approach than the bottom up approach. Moreover, the strategies implemented in Binga do not address the needs of the poor. The political instability in Zimbabwe is also believed to be a serious stumbling block to the operation of NGOs in Binga and the rest of the country. Finally, the research recommends NGOs to use the participatory approach as well as the sustainable livelihoods approach in dealing with poverty. Again, NGOs need to monitor and evaluate their projects because most of their projects are not monitored and evaluated properly. Above all the NGOs’ strategies for alleviating poverty need to be reviewed.
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Manzere, Bogadi Patricia. "Financial sustainability mechanisms for local NGOs in the Gauteng province, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18562.
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The role of NGOs has been widely recognised in eradicating poverty and creating sustainable development in communities. Governments and private corporations view them as complementary partners in enhancing the livelihoods of people. In order to survive, NGOs need to be financially sustainable to carry out their missions. Their existence is, however, threatened by the current economic and political climate. In South Africa, the recent global economic recession and the country’s recovery from the apartheid system since 1994 have both had a negative impact in funding financial flow to NGOs. Compounded by the growing demand for new NGOs, evidence shows that there is fierce competition between NGOs for the same funding and, since NGOs by nature do not produce commercial outputs, they are limited to pursue funding opportunities made available through donations. This study explored the issues of financial sustainability within local NGOs in the Gauteng Province. The aim was to build mechanisms that could be put in place to monitor organisational financial sustainability over time. The study used a qualitative methodology and the researcher adopted an exploratory design to gain insight and meaning into the issues faced by NGOs. A sample of ten members from local NGOs in the Gauteng Province was identified and data was collected through key informant interviews and questionnaires. The study found that the majority of NGOs face difficulties in achieving financial sustainability over the long-term. The results indicated that funding in the sector is shrinking, with very few NGOs surviving through endowments. Their major challenges in raising funds are due to area limitations, competition within the sector, lack of skills, staff shortage and visibility. They optimise available opportunities but also acknowledge that they are not implementing other fundraising strategies that could be effective in raising funds. Evidence also showed that these NGOs are meeting the requirements of good financial management practices, which could improve their likelihood to achieve financial sustainability. The research recommends that NGOs need to be empowered to negotiate restrictions under the grants, raise endowments through income-generating activities, manage stakeholder relationships and cost any future funding prospects for key decision making that is likely to have an impact on the structure and the strategic direction of an organisation.
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Urban, Ionut Bogdan. "Essays on Environmental NGOs and Clean Technologies Adoption." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41940.
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Chapter 1. We develop a model of NGO-firm partnerships. An NGO can share environmental expertise with one or two competing firms, and certify their 'clean' production, important for consumers with environmental concerns. The NGO may also obtain funds from a partner firm for an environmental project, important for consumers who derive project participation warm-glow. The NGO benefits from reduced environmental damage and project realization, while firms may gain or avoid loss of profitable custom. This model allows us to understand increasingly common partnerships between firms and NGOs as mutually beneficial in a competitive setting. 'Clean' production and/or the project may be independently viable on the market, supported by consumer preferences. A viable project can then support adoption of a non-viable 'clean' technology, leading to a 'cleaner' market. However, when 'clean' production is viable, we identify a 'dirty' production damage threshold below which the NGO prefers to obtain funds for a non-viable project and partners on production with only one firm, rather than forgo the project and partner on 'clean' production with both firms instead. Moreover, this damage threshold is increasing in consumers' environmental concern, and thus can generate counterintuitive situations: less environmental concern leads to a 'cleaner' market, whereas more concern leads to a 'dirtier' market. Chapter 2. Consumers choosing amongst horizontally-differentiated products (brands) that also embody some degree of an environmental attribute, suffer stigma if they make brown choices. The intensity of that stigmatization is declining in the fraction of other consumers making similarly brown decisions. It is common to suppose that people feeling such stigma would improve environmental outcomes. We show that while the threat of stigma makes it more likely that a consumer will choose the green option from a given menu, it can reduce the incentives for firms to offer green options in the first place. In an asymmetric duopoly setting social stigma can lower or increase the likelihood of clean technology adoption and in plausible circumstances drives the high-cost firm into a 'brown trap' or the low-cost firm into a 'green trap'. While increased competition reduces the 'green trap', it exacerbates the 'brown trap'. Chapter 3. The effect of warm-glow on number of NGOs and welfare is investigated within a charity market with ideologically differentiated public goods. In this setting ideology acts as a warm-glow multiplier on donations and high enough warm-glow can push welfare into negative territory — welfare would be higher if nobody donated. Under first-best we find that an optimal number of NGOs exists even though NGOs have no costs. Under free-entry we obtain the level of warm-glow that would induce the welfare-maximizing number of NGOs to enter. A social planner can determine donor population to behave overall as if they were experiencing the welfare-maximizing level of warm-glow, and thus optimize free-entry welfare, through one of two equivalent and revenue-neutral fiscal policies: by subsidizing/taxing donations either at the source, when the donors make them, or at the destination, when the NGOs receive them.