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Adetunji, VE. "Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in primates and their keepers from two zoological gardens in Ibadan, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 2 (2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v12i2.5.
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A study was conducted to determine the levels of infestation of gastro-intestinal parasites in 36 non-human primates (NHP) and 19 zoo keepers at the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden (UIZG) and Agodi Zoological Garden (AZG) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Freshly passed faecal samples were collected from NHP, zoo keepers, and from apparently healthy individuals (control). The faecal samples were processed using standard parasitological techniques. Twenty-two (61.1%) out of 36 NHP at UIZG and AZG were infested with gastro-intestinal parasites. Infestations at UIZG and AZG were 61.3% and 60%, respectively. All the red patas, mangabey and mandrill monkeys and 90.9% (10/11) of the green monkeys were infested. There were higher infestation rates in young NHP than in adults (P<0.05). The infestation rate in males and females were the same (61.1%). The most prevalent gastro-intestinal parasites were Trichuris trichiura (47.2%), Strongyle spp(13.9%), Entamoeba spp (13.9%) and Stronglyloides spp (5.6%). Six (27.3%) of the infested NHP have mixed infestations. Only one of the 19 zoo keepers screened was infested with Ascaris lumbricoides and two (15.4%) of the 13 members of control group (non-zoological garden workers) were infested with Ancylostoma duodenale. There was no evidence of cross transmission of gastro-intestinal helminths between the NHP and the zoo keepers.Keywords: Gastro-intestinal parasites, Helminths, Infestation, Primates, Prevalence, Zoos
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Adelakun, AD, AA Elujoba, and CO Ajayi. "Providing Some Pharmacopoeial Standards for Nigerian Allium cepa Var. cepa Linn." Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 19 (August 28, 2015): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v19i0.4.
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The essence of standardization of medicinal plants is to produce herbal medicines with acceptable safety, efficacy, quality and reproducibility. Allium cepa var. cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) bulbs purchased from Sasha Market, Ibadan, Nigeria during the rainy season was subjected to organoleptic, morphological and physico-chemical experiments. The total ash gave 5.40 ± 0.001%, acid-insoluble ash (0.62 ± 0.0001%), water-soluble extractive (2.30 ± 0.004%), alcohol-soluble extractive (1.14 ± 0.005%) and moisture content (91.1 ± 0.009%). Microscopical evaluation of the bulb showed distinct cell-walls devoid of nucleus while the inner epidermis possessed well delineated cell-walls, transparent cytoplasm containing nucleus but without stomata. Histochemical experiments showed lignified, suberized and cellulosic cell-walls, starch grains, oils, resins, tannins and anthraquinones. The study has provided some data for the pharmacopoeial monograph on Allium cepa var. cepa bulb as a possible antidiabetic agent for inclusion into the 2nd editions of the Nigerian Herbal Pharmacopoeial (NHP) and West African Herbal Pharmacopoeial (WAHP).Keywords: Allium cepa var. cepa, Pharmacopoeial, Standardization, Monograph
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Adedeji, Babatunji Samuel, Tze San Ong, Md Uzir Hossain Uzir, and Abu Bakar Abdul Hamid. "Corporate governance and performance of medium-sized firms in Nigeria: does sustainability initiative matter?" Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 20, no. 3 (2020): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-09-2019-0291.
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Purpose The non-existence of the corporate governance (CG) concept for practices by non-financial medium-sized firms (MSFs) in Nigeria informed. This study aims to determine whether CG practices influence firms’ performance and whether sustainability initiative (SI) mediates the relationship between CG and MSFs’ performance in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A total of 300 firms were selected on convenience sampling basis from South Western Nigeria using a structured questionnaire. The authors used Statistical Package for Social Sciences for exploratory data analysis and hypotheses were tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Findings The results show that CG has a significant positive effect on performance [financial performance (FNP) and non-financial performance (NFP)] and SI. SI has a mixed impact on performance, e.g. a significant positive impact on NFP but insignificant negative impact on FNP. Similarly, SI has a combined mediating effect in the relationship between CG and performance, e.g. fully mediates CG → NFP and does not mediate CG → FNP. Firms are to invest in social and environmental initiatives substantially. CG codes will complement the International Financial Reporting Standards for MSFs. Research limitations/implications This study supports the assumptions of theories (institutional, stakeholder and agency) as the basis for the usage of multiple approaches to determine the outcome of hypotheses, especially in developing climes. Practical implications The study contributes to CG and performance literature by examining the mediating effects of SI. The paper also shows the necessity to emphasise NFP aspect. Policymakers should evolve CG codes to encourage stakeholders to believe more in the corporate existence of MSFs for strengthening capital-base and quality personnel engagement. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first empirical attempts showing the evidence on the relationship between CG and NFP in Nigeria.
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Moses Oladele, Ogunniran, Komolafe Blessing Funmi, and Ogundele Atinuke Ruth. "The Impact Of World Bank And Other International Organizations On Higher Education System In Nigeria." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.3p.76.
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Education is an essential tool for human, economical, societal and technological development. When education is properly utilized and financed, learning outcomes with higher quality are achieved. Under-funding is the critical challenge facing the Nigerian higher education (NHE) system. There is considerable increase in the demand for NHE and government could no longer adequately finance it because of this increasing-demand. This paper attempts to assess the impact of international organization in NHE system. Among the key important international organizations operating in Nigerian Education (NE) are the World Bank, IMF, EU, UNICEF, UNESCO and many NGOs operating from both in and out of the country. The paper concludes by recommending that adequate consecration should be given to higher education since basic education and secondary level have so far benefitted more from the World Bank. It is also recommended that all other international organizations and other sectors should focus on impacting NHE if truly high quality education is desired for Nigerian university students.
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Ifediora, Chuka Uzoma, Anthony A. Igwe, and Wilfred I. Ukpere. "Appraisal of the adequacy of the application of customer-driven marketing strategies to the Nigeria National Housing Fund scheme." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3art6.
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This study appraised the adequacy of the application of customer-driven marketing strategies to the Nigeria National Housing Fund (NHF) scheme. The study objective was to assess the adequacy of the application of market segmentation, targeting, differentiation and positioning by the NHF implementers. The study adopted descriptive and exploratory research designs. Various offices of the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (the implementers of the NHF scheme) in Abuja, Lagos, PortHarcourt, Ibadan and Enugu, as well as the 19 state/ district offices in these zones were studied. The study population comprised 201 management staff and officers in these offices. A census was carried out, considering the size of the population and the nature of the investigation. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the formulated hypothesis at 5% level of significance. The hypothesis test revealed that the application of market segmentation, targeting, differentiation and positioning by the NHF implementers is not adequate (Fcal = 95.239, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Following the finding, it is concluded that there is a low level of application of customer-driven marketing strategies in the National Housing Fund (NHF) implementation. In line with the finding and conclusion of this study, it is recommended that the adoption and application of the customer-driven marketing strategies model for housing development programmes will aid the successful implementation of housing development programmes, thus leading to a substantial reduction in housing deficit level.
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Ayeni, Leye Samuel, Ademola Isaac Agbona, and Oluwatosin Peter Oso. "Agrowastes Potentials in Releasing Soil form of Nitrogen." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.2.1.228.
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A laboratory incubation study to determine the decomposition rate of Sunflower (SF), Gliricidia sepium (GL), Kola Pod Husk (KPH), and Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) on soil forms of nitrogen was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Science, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo South-Western Nigeria. The soil sample was collected from the farmers’ field in Ondo. The soil was air-dried and sieved through a 2mm diameter laboratory sieve. 200g of the soil samples were weighed into cups and 1g of each CPH, SF, GL and KPH was added. The treatments were replicated five times to give 45 cups of soil samples and arranged on a Completely Randomised Design. The cups were covered with absorbents. The treatments were analysed 30, 60 and 90 days to determine total N, NO3-N and NH4-N using destructive analytical method. Compared with control, all the treatments significantly increased total N and NO3-N while SF and GL significantly increased (p <0.05) NH4-N at 30 days of incubation. All the treatments significantly increased (p <0.05) total N, NH4-N and NO3-N at 60 and 90 days. Cocoa Pod Husk had the highest increase in total N while KPH recorded the highest NH4-N and NO3-N. Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH), KPH, GL and SF could be used to increase soil forms of N for optimum crop production in Ondo, South-Western Nigeria.
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Akhionbare, S. M. O., O. G. Okweri-Eric, and C. E. Ihejirika. "Comparative Assessment of Air Quality in Igwuruta and Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 4 (2020): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i4.10.
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This study investigated the air quality of Aluu and Igwuruta communities both in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, using carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), suspended particulate matter (SPM), Methare (CH4), ammonia (NH3) Ozone (03) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) as indices. Sampling was done at eighteen (18) locations within Aluu and Igwuruta at graded distances from the two (2) flare points located within the study area. Ambient air temperature, relative humility and windspeed were also measured for the location. Results showed the following levels for Aluu: CO; 934.2 ± 6.5 μg/m3, NO2; 1451.4 ± 14.28 μg/m3, SO2; 243.3 ± 9.085 μg/m3, NH3; 2167.3 ± 8.916 μg/m3, CH4; 34734.5 ± 9.55 μg/m3, SPM; 23.55 ± 6.05 μg/m3, O3; 14.795 ± 6.33 μg/m3 and VOC; 4.04 ± 1.842 μg/m3 while for Igwuruta, results are given as: CO; 460 ± 6.81 μg/m3, SPM; 95.7 ± 3.588 μg/m3, NO2; 1300.75 ± 4.681 μg/m3, SO2; 1191.72 ± 13.127 μg/m3, SO2; 1191.72 ± 13.127 μg/m3, NH3; 554.05 ± 9.241 μg/m3, CH4; 15078.8 ± 10.74 μg/m3, O3; 17.464 ± 1.696 and VOC; 4.659 ± 1.059 μg/m3. The dominant pollutants were NO2, SO2, NH3 and CH4. These results raises concern on possible health risk on community dwellers while Igwuruta had higher levels than Aluu in NO2 and SO2 levels. It is therefore recommended among others, that gas to energy conversion approach is a readily available technology that can be used to curb the menance of environmental pollution due to gas flaring at the same time harnessing the commodity value of the associated gases currently being flared.
 Key words: criteria pollutants, reinforcement, Igwuruta, Aluu, health effects
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Bateman, Fiona. "Ireland and the Nigeria-Biafra War: Local Connections to a Distant Conflict." New Hibernia Review 16, no. 1 (2012): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2012.0004.
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Jatau, Audu Andrew. "Effect of Nutrition Education Programme on Food-Related-Knowledge and Attitudes of Literate Women in Pankshin Community, Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 19 (December 2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.19.18.
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The study investigated the effect of nutrition education programme on food-related- knowledge and attitudes of literate women in Pankshin community. The non-randomized control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental design was employed for the study. The instruments for data collection were a self developed 53 items nutritional knowledge and attitude questionnaire (NKAQ) and 24 content 12 weeks unit plans. The findings of the study showed that there was statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the nutritional knowledge of women exposed to nutrition education programme (NEP) and those not exposed to NEP. There was statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the nutritional attitudes of the women exposed to NEP and those not exposed to NEP. Level of education has no significant influence on the nutritional attitudes of the women. Age has no significant influence on the nutritional attitudes of the women. Based on these findings, suggestions were proffered on ways to curtail the problems of nutritional disorders.
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I Opara, Peace. "Prevalence of Malaria among Neonates Presenting with Fever in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Neonatology & Clinical Pediatrics 4, no. 1 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ncp-878x/100017.
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Ajeigbe, Hakeem A., Folorunso M. Akinseye, Alpha Y. Kamara, AbdulAzeez Tukur, and Abubakar Hassan Inuwa. "Productivity, Water- and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency, and Profitability of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under Different Nitrogen Applications in Semiarid Region of Nigeria." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1802460.
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An experiment was conducted to examine the performance of pearl millet under different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates in two locations in the semiarid zone of Nigeria. The objective was to evaluate the effects of different N rates on pearl millet yields, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency, and profitability. Grain yield increased by 23, 26, 32, 32, and 27% and by 38, 41, 54, 58, and 56% compared to unfertilized plots when applying 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg Nha−1 in Minjibir and Gambawa, respectively. Similarly, stalk yield increased by 4, 3, 9, 9, and 9% and by 16, 24, 36, 40, and 37% compared to unfertilized plot when applying 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg Nha−1 in Minjibir and Gambawa, respectively. The variations in GY that could be explained by TWU and NUE were 28% and 26% in Minjibir and 46% and 41%, respectively, in Gambawa. There was a strong and positive correlation (R = 0.81 and R = 0.95) between WUE and GY across N-fertilizer rates and pearl millet varieties in both locations. An increase in N-fertilizer levels increased WUE, confirming the optimal application of 60 kg Nha−1 in Minjibir and of 80 kg Nha−1 in Gambawa. Similarly, the highest net economic return (NER) of US$610 ha−1 was obtained at 60 kg Nha−1 in Minjibir and the highest NER of US$223 ha−1 was obtained at an application rate of 80 kg Nha−1 in Gambawa. Break-even yield was above 1000 kg ha−1, signifying that average farmer with a mean yield of less than 1000 kg ha−1 produces millet at a loss.
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Suleiman, Ismail A., Shitu Abubakar, Muhammad Usman Kaisan, et al. "PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF BIODIESEL DERIVED FROM USED COOKING OIL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 2 (2020): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-240.
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The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking groundnut oils using alkali trans-esterification reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out on the biodiesel produced and the presence of methyl esters and their various functional groups were detected. The Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels produced were also carried out and most of the properties conformed to ASTM standards. The biodiesel samples were tested in a 165F- Horizontal Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Bayero University Kano (BUK), Kano State, Nigeria, investigating parameters such as: Brake power, Specific fuel consumption and Brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas was analysed in an NHA-506EN automotive gas analyzer, from Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, where parameters such as hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) were all analyzed. The results showed that the oil from frying yam yielded 87.5% while that from frying fish yielded 94% and the biodiesels produced conformed to most of the Physico-chemical properties according to the ASTM standards. Also, the engine results demonstrated that there was improved brake power and mean effective pressure but the specific fuel consumptions were higher than that of the control sample. Lastly, the exhaust gas emissions results showed that there were significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon IV oxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions showing us that biodiesel is more eco-friendly.
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Olawale, Adeyinka, and Balogun Oluwatoyin. "Genetic studies of fibre yield-related traits and days to anthesis in some kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 1 (2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1901009o.
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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an economically important and multi-purpose natural fibre crop with several industrial applications. However, its potentials have not been fully maximised due to poor yield and its narrow genetic base which limited the available hybrids. The low yield is attributed to high photoperiod sensitivity of most kenaf accessions because it reduces the vegetative growth. This study attempts to understand the genetic architecture of days to anthesis of kenaf towards the development of a photo-insensitive kenaf hybrid. Two early maturing Nigerian kenaf accessions: NHC (12)1 and NHC (3)2, and two late maturing accessions (NHC [9]2 and NHC 15) were crossed to generate F1 population. The F1 hybrid together with its parents and its reciprocals were planted in a randomised complete block experiment design with three replicates. Data were collected on days to anthesis (DTA), plant height (HAH), basal stem girth (GAH), base diameter (BDAH) and weight at harvest (WAH) for analysis. The mean squares were significant for DTA, HAH, DBAH, GAH and WAH. DTA exhibited the highest broad-sense heritability value (0.98) among other traits. The GCA: SCA ratio for DTA and BDAH signifies that the effect of non-additive genes was prevalent because it was lower than a unity while the additive gene action was predominant in HAH. The negative GCA estimates for NHC (12)1 and NHC (9)2 indicated a poor combining ability. Only NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2 showed good specific combining ability (-5.75, 0.33, 0.85, 91.46) for DTA, GAH, BDAH and WAH respectively. NHC (12)1 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC 15, NHC (9)2 x 3NHC (3)2, NHC (9)2 x NHC 15, NHC 15 x NHC (3)2, NHC 15 x NHC (9)2 showed negative significant percent of F1 heterosis above the mid-parent in days to anthesis and could be employed to breed photo-insensitive early maturing kenaf.
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Aschonitis, V. G., G. O. Awe, T. P. Abegunrin, K. A. Demertzi, D. M. Papamichail, and G. Castaldelli. "Geographic segmentation, spatial dependencies, and evaluation of the relative position of rain-gauges based on gridded data of mean monthly precipitation: application in Nigeria." Hydrology Research 49, no. 1 (2016): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.095.
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Abstract The aim of the study is to present a combination of techniques for (a) the spatiotemporal analysis of mean monthly gridded precipitation datasets and (b) the evaluation of the relative position of the existing rain-gauge network. The mean monthly precipitation (P) patterns of Nigeria using ∼1 km2 grids for the period 1950–2000 were analyzed and the position of existing rain-gauges was evaluated. The analysis was performed through: (a) correlations of P versus elevation (H), latitude (Lat) and longitude (Lon); (b) principal component analysis (PCA); (c) Iso-Cluster and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) analysis for terrain segmentation to regions with similar temporal variability of mean monthly P; (d) use of MLC to create reliability classes of grid locations based on the mean clusters’ characteristics; and (e) analysis to evaluate the relative position of 33 rain-gauges based on the clusters and their reliability classes. The correlations of mean monthly P versus H, Lat, Lon, and PCA highlighted the spatiotemporal effects of the Inter Tropical Discontinuity phenomenon. The cluster analysis revealed 47 clusters, of which 22 do not have a rain-gauge while eight clusters have more than one rain-gauge. Thus, more rain-gauges and a better distribution are required to describe the spatiotemporal variability of P in Nigeria.
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Ijarotimi, Oluwole Steve. "Assessing exclusive breastfeeding practices, dietary intakes and body mass index (BMI) of nursing mothers in Ekiti State of Nigeria." Nutrition Research and Practice 4, no. 3 (2010): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2010.4.3.222.
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Olayinka, A. Idowu. "Electromagnetic Profiling for Groundwater in Precambrian Basement Complex Areas of Nigeria." Hydrology Research 21, no. 3 (1990): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1990.0016.
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Ground electromagnetic profiling, using a Geonics EM34-3 instrument, has been employed to identify areas of high conductivity in a Precambrian basement complex terrain of Nigeria. Field examples, conducted as part of a rural water supply programme, are presented. They indicate that the apparent conductivities are generally lower than about 60 mmho m−1. Subsequent borehole drilling suggests a good correlation between high EM34 anomalies, deep weathering and high well yield (&gt; 1 1 s−1). On the other hand, boreholes sited on conductivity lows penetrated a thinner regolith with relatively lower yields.
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Yao, Xu, Wengen Zhang, Xiaoshan Duan, et al. "The making of elaborate petals in Nigella through developmental repatterning." New Phytologist 223, no. 1 (2019): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15799.
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Adedeji, Babatunji Samuel, Md Uzir Hossain Uzir, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, and Ishraq Jerin. "Corporate Governance and Non-financial Performance of Medium-sized Firms in Nigeria: A CB-SEM Approach." Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 12, no. 2 (2019): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349139619880983.
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This study investigates the perceptions of firm executives with respect to the extent of the influence of corporate governance (CG) practices on the non-financial performance (NFP) of medium-sized firms in Nigeria. The theoretical support for the research is from the stakeholder and agency theories. The cross-sectional survey and the cluster and stratified probability proportionate sampling methods are adopted, while the data collection is through a structured questionnaire that covers four CG indicators of board size, director’s qualification, ownership structure and board audit committee. The co-variance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) technique ensures the analysis of the data collected. The result indicates that CG has significant positive effect on firms’ NFP. This outcome supports the urgent need for the development and execution of CG code of ethics for the non-listed firms alongside a regulatory agency for ensuring monitoring and compliance. The drawbacks are inclusive of the measure of variables on linear relationship basis and non-adoption of the longitudinal approach for the study. Future studies need to look at the usage of the intervening variables which, can further aid in evaluating the relationships of the research variables and their indirect and total effects.
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Leye Samuel, Ayeni, and Adeleye Omotayo Ebenezer. "Mineralization Rates of Soil Forms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium as Affected by Organomineral Fertilizer in Sandy Loam." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/149209.
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Farmers tend to use organomineral fertilizers as a result of inadequacies embedded in the sole use of organic and mineral fertilizers. A laboratory incubation study to determine the rate of the forms of N, P, and K released by organomineral fertilizer was conducted at Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, southwest Nigeria, in 2013. Organomineral fertilizer (OMF) at the rates of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/100 g soil to represent 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 t ha−1OMF, respectively, was incubated for ninety days. The treatments were replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The determined forms of N were total N, NH4–N, and NO3–N; the forms of P were total P, solution P, and available P while the forms of K were total K, solution K, and exchangeable K. Organomineral fertilizer significantly increased N, NH4–N, NO3–N, total P, solution P, exchangeable P, solution K, and exchangeable K at all rates with different values. The rate of ammonification of N was higher than the rate of nitrification of NH4+ N to NO3+ N especially at 10 and 20 t ha−1OMF. Application of 5 and 10 t ha−1OMF could be used to increase soil forms of N, P, and K.
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Bello, Temitope K., Gerda J. Gericke, Una E. Maclntyre, and Piet Becker. "A nutrition education programme improves quality of life but not anthropometric status of adults living with HIV in Abeokuta, Nigeria." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (2019): 2290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000636.
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AbstractObjective:The focus of interventions for adults living with HIV (ALH) in Nigeria has been mostly on prevention and provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with little consideration to nutrition-related matters. Therefore, the present study aimed to improve the quality of life (QoL) and anthropometric status of ALH in Abeokuta, Nigeria.Design:A quasi-experimental design where 200 conveniently selected participants were stratified by gender and duration on ART. The intervention group (n 100) received the nutrition education programme (NEP) for 12 weeks. The control group received a brochure on nutrition guidelines for ALH. Socio-biographical information, QoL and anthropometric status were assessed using previously validated questionnaires and standard techniques at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Generalised least squares (GLS) regression analysis was used for group comparisons. Anthropometric status was summarised by gender.Setting:Two tertiary hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria.Participants:ALH.Results:The NEP led to significant improvement in the physical functioning (week 12 and 24: P &lt; 0·01), role limitation due to physical health (week 12: P = 0·01; week 24: P = 0·002) and pain (week 12: P = 0·01) constructs of the QoL of the intervention group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference (P = 0·07) between the mean weights of the two groups at baseline.Conclusions:There was a significant improvement at week 12 and week 24 in the QoL of the intervention participants. The results indicated that a tailored NEP could make a positive contribution to the management of ALH.
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Mbi Feh, Marilyn Keng-Nasang, Kristopher A. Lyon, Ankita V. Brahmaroutu, Ramya Tadipatri, and Ekokobe Fonkem. "The need for a central brain tumor registry in Africa: A review of central nervous system tumors in Africa from 1960 to 2017." Neuro-Oncology Practice 8, no. 3 (2021): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaa086.
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Abstract Background Central nervous system (CNS) tumors pose a substantial health problem. Although data on specific time periods and regions of Africa have been previously reported, no study has yet to provide a systematic review of CNS tumors for the entire continent of Africa. This study aims to analyze the frequency of CNS tumors in Africa from 1960 to 2017. Methods A comprehensive literature search on CNS tumors in Africa was performed using multiple online scientific databases. The following keywords were queried in combination with the phrase “CNS tumors in Africa”: incidence, frequency, epidemiology, prevalence, brain, and cancer. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Each selected article reported incidence and mortality rates from different regions of Africa in a time period between 1960 and 2017. SPSS21 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results Nigeria, Egypt, and Uganda were found to have the most of the cases of CNS tumors in Africa. Males made up 54% of the 5902 cases per 100 000 population. The most common CNS tumors found were astrocytoma (24.70%), meningioma (22.22%), pituitary adenoma (8.4%), medulloblastoma (4.26%), craniopharyngioma (4.07%), and other not specified (25.17%). Conclusions Given the large population of Africa, the total reported cases may be underestimated when compared with other continents due to the lack of a central brain tumor registry in Africa. A comprehensive knowledge of CNS tumors in Africa is critical to population-based research and improving the current healthcare system.
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Ademu Tanko Ogah, Obaje Daniel Opaluwa, Mohammed Alkali, and Kumo Lass. "Assessment of air quality within Maiganga coal mining area in Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (2020): 001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2020.4.3.0095.
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Anthropogenic activity especially coal mining contributes immensely to environmental pollution within coalmine and the host community especially if not well managed. This study is on the assessment of air quality in and around Maiganga coalmine, with the objectives of finding out the ambient concentration levels of criteria air pollutants within the coalmine, the Maiganga community and the four control sites 2km north, south, east and west of the coalmine, as well as compare the findings with the concentration levels of pollutants recommended as acceptable safety limits set by Federal Ministry of Environment, FMEnv. Six sampling locations were selected for detail assessment, with one point in each of the sites mentioned. Measurement of concentrations of criteria air pollutants; sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) were taken in-situ using Personal Toxic Gas Monitor (Tango TXI single gas monitor). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), were collected using a Portable Counter HT – 9601 (PM2.5 and PM10) personal dust meter high volume gravity sampler. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were also measured using a Portable Hand Held Gas Detector (Porcheck+). The study was done during the dry season and the results revealed that, coarse paticulate matter (PM10) was above the stipulated safety limit of 250µg/m3 set by the FMEnv for the coal mine area and Maiganga community but all other parameters were within the safety limits of the FMEnv. CO, NO2, SO2, and NH3 in coalmine area had concentrations lower than in that in control areas because of other anthropogenic activities like burning, heating, waste disposal, agricultural practices and a host of others taking place in the control area and which are not available in the coalmine area. However, the concentrations of the aforementioned parameters were higher in Maiganga community than in the control areas due to higher rate of anthropogenic activities in the community than in the control areas. The hypothesis were tested using student t – test, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted which showed there was no significant variations in the values of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) obtain from the coalmine, Maiganga community and the Control (N.S.E.W) with safety limits set by FMEnv. It is however, recommended that the Federal Ministry of Environment and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) should ensure strict compliance with safety and environmental standards agreed upon during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
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Pugach, Sara. "Agents of dissent: African student organizations in the German Democratic Republic." Africa 89, S1 (2019): S90—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000197201800092x.
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AbstractAfrican students in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) often belonged to national student clubs (NHG) that were arranged for them by the East German government. Many were also members of an umbrella organization for all African students and workers in the GDR (UASA). While the GDR authorities thought that the NHG and UASA would adopt political positions that reflected those of the GDR, this article demonstrates that the students instead used them to criticize both their own governments and their host country. It shows that the students often held positions contrary to the GDR's, and were not shy about expressing them. Although they were usually unable to organize as openly as students in the West, African students in the GDR held meetings and wrote letters to protest about a variety of issues, including Sékou Touré’s repression of a teachers’ strike in Guinea, the Biafran crisis in Nigeria and ethnic separatism in Kenya. They also took the GDR to task for the racist behaviour of East German citizens. The GDR's Socialist Unity Party claimed that the country was anti-racist and anti-imperialist, and that all vestiges of Nazism had been expunged; the students, however, were able to point out multiple racist incidents, and through the UASA demanded that the GDR address its racism problem.
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Hughes, J. d'A, P. R. Speijer, and O. Olatunde. "Banana Die-Back Virus - a New Virus Infecting Banana in Nigeria." Plant Disease 82, no. 1 (1998): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.1.129c.
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Two viruses naturally infect Musa in Nigeria: banana streak badnavirus (BSV) and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV). During a recent field survey at Ibadan (Nigeria), some severely stunted banana plants (cv. Valery) were found that tested negative for CMV, banana bunchy-top virus, and BSV. The plants had symptoms of leaf crinkling, leaf necrosis, and cigar-leaf die-back. Subsequent suckers from the same mats were progressively more stunted. A 28- to 30-nm isometric virus was purified, and used for the production of antibodies, from the affected plants with (NH4)2SO4 to precipitate the virus. The antiserum (titer of 1:10,000) was used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunosorbent electron microscopy to detect the virus. Mechanical inoculation with partially purified virus preparations resulted in stunting and development of pinpoint chlorotic lesions on Vigna unguiculata TVu-76 and symptomless systemic infection of Nicotiana occidentalis. The virus was not mechanically transmissible from N. occidentalis to banana. A serological relationship between this virus, banana die-back virus (BDBV), and tobacco ringspot, tomato ringspot, and cacao necrosis nepoviruses was found. The nematode species around the affected banana plants were isolated: Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb) Golden was the dominant species, low numbers of H. dihystera (Cobb) Sher were present, but no virustransmitting nematodes were found in soil or banana roots. Further studies are needed to determine the mode of spread of BDBV, the implications for banana/plantain production in sub-Saharan Africa, and the safe international movement of germplasm.
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Adeloye, Adebayo J., and Rabee Rustum. "Self-organising map rainfall-runoff multivariate modelling for runoff reconstruction in inadequately gauged basins." Hydrology Research 43, no. 5 (2012): 603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.017.
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Water resources assessment activities in inadequately gauged basins are often significantly constrained due to the insufficiency or total lack of hydro-meteorological data, resulting in huge uncertainties and ineffectual performance of water management schemes. In this study, a new methodology of rainfall-runoff modelling using the powerful clustering capability of the self-organising map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural networks, is proposed as a viable approach for harnessing the multivariate correlation between the typically long record rainfall and short record runoff in such basins. The methodology was applied to the inadequately gauged Osun basin in southwest Nigeria for the sole purpose of extending the available runoff records and, through that, reducing water resources planning uncertainty associated with the use of short runoff data records. The extended runoff records were then analysed to determine possible abstractions from the main river source at different exceedance probabilities. This study demonstrates the successful use of emerging tools to overcome practical problems in sparsely gauged basins.
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Y., Abubakar, and Abdulrahman N. "Evaluation of Water Quality Index of River Musa for Drinking Purpose in Bida, Nigeria." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 1 (2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202003001.
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River Musa in Bida, Nigeria is of great importance to the people of the town and its environs. Due to the indiscriminate disposal of domestic and industrial effluents into the river, there is a need to evaluate the river water quality for drinking purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate some selected physicochemical parameters (Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, ammonia (NH4), Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and four heavy metals ( Fe, Pb, Cu and Mn)) of water from River Musa to reveal the detailed water quality of the river for its suitability for drinking purpose. To achieve this objective, the Canadian Council Water Quality index (CCWQI) was applied to the analytical results of the selected parameters to obtain a single value that was used to rank the river at each of the sampling locations. The annualaverage water quality indexes (for both rainy and dry season) at five locations are (40.9, 42, 40, 39.1 and 37.5). The results showed that the water quality of the entire river is poor (39.9) and the river water is not suitable for drinking purposes.
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Jolaosho, Dr Temilade O. "Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of National Gas Policy (NGP) 2017 among Oil and Gas Legal Experts in Nigeria." Scientific Research Journal 08, no. 04 (2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31364/scirj/v8.i4.2020.p0420768.
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Eze Chinwe Catherine, Ahmad Ahmad Danmama, Anaebonam Emeka, Frank−Ogu Ngozi, Nweze Kenneth Emeka, and Onyemeka Regland Michael. "Assessment of surface water quality of Onuiyieke river in Imo State, Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 3 (2021): 071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.3.0264.
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This research aimed to assess the surface water of Onuiyieke River to ascertain its quality status. Measurements were made on samples collected from seven locations with 500ml sample bottles according to standard methods. Samples for heavy metals were collected in 250ml bottle and fixed with concentrated HN03. Descriptive analysis, variation plots, ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range tests, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Pearson Correlation (r) and Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to analyze data. Mean values of the parameters obtained were: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 198.19 ± 80.93mg/L; Electrical Conductivity (EC) 331.81 ± 59.78µ; Turbidity 18.84 ± 2.22 NTU; Nitrate ions 14.77 ± 0.92mg/L; Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.58 ± O.22mg/L and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 1.77 ± 0.10mg/L. Mean values of the Trace Metals obtained were: Iron (Fe) 1.93 ± 0.23mg/L; Magnesium (Mg)0.22 ± 0.02mg/L and Calcium (Ca) 15.15 ± 1.87mg/L while the mean value of Faecal Coliform was 1.91 ± O.10MPN/100. pH, EC, TSS, BOD, turbidity, N03-, Ammonia, Fe and Faecal coliforms exceeded the NESREA and WHO maximum permissible limits. There were significant spatial differences in levels of TDS, EC, NO3, NH3, DO and Faecal coliforms (Sig F=0.000 to 0.039) and significant temporal differences in levels of PO43- (Sig F= 0.078 to 1000) between the control and other locations at p<0.05. Four Principal Components (PCs) formed the extraction solution with a cumulative percentage variability of about 77.67%. The Water Quality Index revealed that the rating for the water quality across the sampling locations was between excellent and unsuitable. Appropriate monitoring procedures for the sustainable development of the river should also be put in place.
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Jonah, U. E., E. S. Iwok, and H. E. Hanson. "Impacts Assessment of Coastal Activities on Water Quality of Upper Segment of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 7 (2020): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.14.
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A study was carried out at the supper segment of Qua Iboe River from November, 2018 to August, 2019 in four sampling stations to assess the impacts of coastal activities on water quality. Water samples were collected monthly and analyzed using standard procedures of Associations of Official Analytical Chemist and American Public Health Association. The stations comparisons and location of significant differences were carriedout using ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, while paired sample t-test were employed to compare the seasonal difference. The mean ranged values of water temperature were (25.03 – 25.330C), pH (5.8 –6.6 mg/l), DO(3.11 - 5.45 mg/l), TDS (18.63 – 32.53mg/l), EC (8.33-13.16s/cm), Turbidity (7.61 – 18.32 NTU), TSS (90.80 - 165.63 mg/L), NO3 -1(33.02 – 78.33mg/l), P04 3-(4.44 – 7.39mg/l), Cl-(43.60 – 63.21mg/l), COD(35.96 – 113.05mg/l), NH3(0.33 – 0.62 mg/l). Mean values of TSS, EC, TSS, NO3, PO4 3-, NH3 and turbidity were higher in wet season, while water temperature, pH, DO, Cl- and COD values obtained were higher in dry season. Spatial variations in parameters were ascribed to levels of anthropogenic activities and wastes discharged within the stations; the seasonal variations were emanated from influx of wastes, and dilution as result of surface run-offs during wet season. Based on the findings, the WQI values were poor for human consumption; especially from station 2 to4.These calls for urgent attention by Federal / State Ministry Health and Environment regards to its effects on human health and consistent water quality monitoring should be put into consideration.
 Keywords: Impact, Assessment, Coastal activities, Water Quality, Qua Iboe River
 Keywords: Impact, Assessment, Coastal activities, Water Quality, Qua Iboe River
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E. Adat, Promise, Ndifreke E. Udonwa, Abraham N. Gyuse, and Chibuike M. Okeke. "Assessment of Hypertensive Patients' Illness Experience Using Patient-centred Consultation among Patients Seen in an Urban Family-practice Setting in Nigeria." Nursing and Health 5, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/nh.2017.050101.
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OYEBANJI, F. F., G. R. E. E. ANA, Y. MIJINYAWA, and Y. A. TIJANI. "AMBIENT LEVELS OF GASEOUS, PARTICULATE AND BIO-AEROSOL POLLUTANTS IN FARM SETTLEMENTS ACROSS OGUN STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 19, no. 1 (2020): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v19i1.2020.
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This study assessed the levels of air pollutants emitted outdoor of farm settlements (FS), the seasonal and temporal variations, and the relationship among the parameters monitored. Seven FS within Ogun State were investigated, with 211 sampling points established across the FS. The concentrations of VOCs, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, NH3, CO2, TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 were monitored in replicates using active potable samplers while bacteria and fungi were isolated using settle plate technique. Descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tools (Pearson correlation) were used to analyse the data. The mean ranges of VOCs, CO and CO2 (ppm); 20.8±10.53 – 48.67±19.05, 17.95±6.65 – 21.5±3.93, 3562.15±1200.85 – 4266±1176.85, and for bacteria and fungi (cfu/m3); 548.98±1.18 – 2255.01±1.27 and 525.68±1.15 – 1282.38±1.27 respectively were above the threshold limits. There were significant seasonal, spatial and temporal differences among observed means of VOCs, CO2 O3, TSP, PM2.5, and fungi. The bacteria and fungi count increased as TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 increased. The study established that levels of air pollutants are dependent on the type of farming practice.
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Ipeaiyeda, Ayodele Rotimi, and Bamidele Ayodele Falusi. "Monitoring of So2, Nox and Nh3 emission from burning of solid wastes at Awotan and Lapite dumpsites, Ibadan, Nigeria." South African Journal of Chemistry 71 (2018): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2018/v71a22.
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Köhler, Florian. "Pastoralists and the State ... and 'islamic State' On Eastern Niger's Frontier: Between Evasion And Engagement." Nomadic Peoples 25, no. 1 (2021): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250104.
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In the current situation of militant Islamist groups encroaching on peripheral areas of different Sahelian states, mobile pastoralists are often accused of sympathising or collaborating with jihadists. Examining this phenomenon with a focus on eastern Niger and in the context of the Boko Haram crisis in the Lake Chad basin, this article relates it to the debates about incorporation and evasion of pastoralists with regard to state and society, and frontiers and borderlands as spaces not only of difficult governance but also of economic and political opportunities.
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M.O.O, Attah, Jacks T.W, Garba S.H., and Mshelia H.E. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF n-HEXANE EXTRACT OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA LEAVES: A PROPOSED HERBAL REMEDY IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 2 (2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i2.2019.992.
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Background: Leptadenia hastata is a leafy, climbing plant of whose root, leaf and bark is widely consumed in Northern Nigeria. Decoctions made from the leaf is locally used in treatment of diabetes as well as for numerous trado-medicinal processes. This study investigates the physico-chemical as well as phytochemical compounds present in the n-hexane extract of Leptadenia hastata.
 Method: Physical and chemical profile was determined using Smart Spectro test kits and a mass spectrometer to determine the presence of elements and physical properties.
 Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The elemental analysis revealed that Na, SO4 and PO4 had the highest levels in the extract. Pb, Hg and Cd were not detected which showed that the plant extract was not toxic. Other elements (NO4, Mn, Fe, K, Ni, Si, Cn, Zn, Ca, Mg, NH4, Cr and F) were present in varying concentrations which may contribute to its nutritive composition.
 Conclusions: Various elements present in Leptadenia hastata may have either a direct or indirect role in the control and management of diabetes mellitus, since diabetes is associated with marked alterations in trace elements concentrations and may replace diminished element stores in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Yakubu, Alhaji M. "Peace and Violence in Nigeria: conflict resolution in society and the state by Tekena N. Tamuno Lagos, Federal Government Printer for the Panel on Nigeria Since Independence History Project, 1991. Pp. xvi+676. N.p. paperback." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 4 (1993): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00012404.
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NWAOGUALA, Nwabueze C., and Kolawole E. LAW-OGBOMO. "Comparative Effect of Poultry and Swine Manures on the Performance of White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in an Ultisols Environment." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 4 (2018): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10410393.
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White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is an important staple food in a number of African countries, including Nigeria and Ghana. However, the tuber yield in these areas is below its potential yield. The most probably constraint to low tuber yield is the low soil nutrient status. A field trial was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, between April and November 2016 and 2017, to evaluate the effect of poultry and swine manures on the growth and tuber yield of white Guinea yam (D. rotundata) in an ultisols environment. The trial was laid out in a 2 × 3 split plot arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots were organic fertilizers (poultry and swine manures) and the sub-plots were represented by three rates (0, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) of application. Data collection on growth characters were on vine length (cm), vine girth (cm), number of nodes, number of leaves and leaf area index. At harvest, tuber length (cm), tuber girth (cm), number of tubers per plant, tuber weight and tuber yield (t ha-1) were also evaluated. The results showed that growth and yield variables varied significantly (p < 0.05) with organic fertilizer types and application rates. Poultry manure treated plants produced higher (p < 0.05) number of nodes and leaves than swine manure treated plants. Application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 of poultry manure significantly increased vine length, vine girth, number of nodes and leaves as well as leaf area index. Tuber weight and yield were higher in plants treated with poultry manure with the application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 performed better than control in 2016, while the application rate of 300 kg N ha-1 had the highest tuber weight and yield in 2017. Application rates of 300 and 450 kg N ha-1 performed better than the control (0 kg N ha-1) in 2016. However, in 2017, application rate of 300 kg Nha-1 had the highest tuber weight and yield. The present study suggests that poultry manure at application rate of 300 kg N ha-1 could be adopted by white Guinea yam farmers for high productivity of the crop under intense and continuous cropping in humid ultisols environment.
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Adegunwa, Abiodun, Festus Mayowa Adebiyi, and Olabode Asubiojo. "Evaluating aerial pollution using rainwater chemistry for sustainable environmental development." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 3 (2019): 713–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2019-0146.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use rainwater quality parameters as indicators of pollution to assess the level of aerial pollution for sustainable environmental development. Design/methodology/approach Rainwaters were collected in open spaces within commercial, industrial and residential areas in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria during onset, peak and late rainy season. Values of NO3−, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total acidity and total alkalinity were determined using certified wet chemistry procedures, whereas those of Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+ were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Findings Overall results showed that the concentrations of the physical parameters, anions and cations, were comparatively higher at the onset of the rainy period than the latter periods, indicating washout of the pollutants as the rainy season progressed. Results of Pearson correlation matrix and Cluster analysis results showed that many of the parameters have similar source(s). Analysis of variance and t-test results indicated significant difference between the concentrations of the analyzed parameters at different rainy periods, whereas ratio values of sea salt fraction were higher than non-sea salt fraction for all species, depicting anthropogenic influences. Originality/value From the findings, the study concluded that the quality of the rainwaters was substandard due elevated levels of most of the analyzed quality parameters; this method proved to be economical, effective and simple compared to the conventional methods; it also proved rainwater quality to be a reliable pointer of aerial pollution and the concept can be used to assess the pollution level of areas of similar settings.
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Isaac, Afe, Alabi Oyebisi, Ogundare Kayode, and Adeniji Mojisola. "Effects of spatial arrangement and population density on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a sesame/maize intercrop." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 4 (2020): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2004337i.
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A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as affected by the row arrangement and population density of maize (Zea mays L.). The full population of sesame in two-row arrangements (1:1) and (2:2) was combined with four population densities of maize viz: 100S:100M; 100S:75M; 100S:50M and 100S:25M (where S and M represented sesame and maize, respectively). Sole crops of sesame and maize at full population were included in the treatments as control. The number of pods per plant (NPP), length of fruit zone (LFZ), and yield of sesame were significantly (P?0.5) influenced by the interactive effect of population ratios and row arrangements. These variables increased as the population of associated maize decreased. All variables measured in maize were influenced by population density and row arrangement except for the number of cobs per plant (NCP), cob length (CL), and cob circumference (CC). Regardless of spatial arrangement and population density, the aggressivity (A) value was positive for sesame and negative for maize. The competitive ratio (CR) values were also higher in sesame than in maize. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values, for all population ratios tested, indicated the intercropping advantage with the highest value recorded at a full population of sesame mixed with fifty percent population of maize in a 2:2-row arrangement and hence, recommended for adoption.
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Chima, Uzoma Darlington, and Miriam Ugochi Opara. "Evaluation of Morphological Properties of Avenue Tree Species and Concentrations of Pollutants Under and Outside Their Canopies in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Journal of Environment and Ecology 10, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v10i2.15258.
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We evaluated the morphological attributes of three major avenue tree species (Delonix regia, Gmelina arborea and Terminalia mantaly) and the concentrations of pollutants under and outside their canopies at four locations reflecting different levels of anthropogenic activities that contribute to pollution, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The sites are: Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Agbada (II) Flow Station, Aluu; LNG Seaport (LNG), Trans-Amadi; Isaac Boro Park (IBP), Mile 1; and Rivers State University (RSU), Nkporlu. Three trees belonging to each of the three species were randomly selected at each site and measurements of their total height (THT), diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter (CD), and basal area (BA), were taken. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM) under and 50 m outside their canopies, were also measured. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in tree attributes and the concentrations of pollutants under canopies of each tree species among sites, while t-test was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of the pollutants under and 50 m outside tree canopies at each site. THT, DBH, CD and BA of the three tree species varied significantly at the four sites with highest and lowest mean values recorded for RSU and LNG, respectively, except for D. regia where DBH and BA were highest and lowest at IBP and LNG, respectively. The concentration of pollutants under tree canopies at different sites did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) in most cases (except PM) despite the significant differences in tree growth/morphological attributes. There was no significant difference between the concentrations of pollutants under and 50 m outside tree canopies in all the sites. Higher concentrations of CO and PM were recorded under trees at LNG Seaport while NO2, SO2 and CH4 were higher under trees at SPDC, indicating that the level of pollutants at each site reflected the nature of the activities associated with the sites and not differences in tree morphological attributes. However, concentrations of the pollutants, except CH4, were below recommended exposure limits under and outside tree canopies, at all the locations.
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E. Mark, Okorobia, Etim D. Uko, Amechi Bright, and Onengiyeofori A. Davies. "DELINEATION OF CONCENTRATION OF FERRUGINOUS MINERALS IN AQUIFERS IN YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA, USING GEOELECTRIC VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING (VES) AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES." Earth Science Malaysia 4, no. 2 (2020): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2020.90.101.
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A total of sixteen Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys and five physicochemical analyses were carried out in selected locations within the Yenagoa Metropolis, in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, to delineate the concentration of ferruginous minerals in freshwater aquifers in the area. For the geophysical survey, the Schlumberger electrode configuration was employed. The resulting data obtained was processed and interpreted using Excel suite, IPI2WIN resistivity, Surfer-11 and Rockworks software. The results revealed four to six geologic layers across the area, and were used to generate geoelectric maps which showed that in most part of the study area, there were uneven distributions of shallow aquifers (4 – 10m), and uneven layers of clay and sandy-silt at varying depths up to 20m. The physicochemical analysis of raw water samples collected from five boreholes located in close proximity to the VES sounding locations were analysed for physical and chemical parameters. Physical parameters tested include colour, conductivity, turbidity, and temperature. Chemical parameters analysed are pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Alkalinity, Total Iron, Carbonate, Chloride, Sulphate, and heavy metals such as copper, chromium, nickel, cadmium, manganese, zinc and lead. The pH was determined using a Mettler Toledo (GmbH 8603 Schwerzenbach) pH meter by direct measurement. An analogue mercury thermometer was used for temperature measurements and a Hach 2100A turbidimeter for turbidity determination. Also, the concentrations of Zinc, Lead, and Copper in the water samples were obtained using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was observed that the values SO42- , Cl-, Na2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F- have values below World Health Organization (WHO) standard in all boreholes tested while Mn2+, NH3, PO3−and Fe2+, K+, and Cu2+ have values above WHO standard in some boreholes. The pH values all showed that the water was slightly basic as the values all exceeded the neutral limit 7, with only station showing slightly elevated pH value 9, suggesting the presence of iron bacteria. F-, K+, Fe2+ and Mn2+ have values that exceeded the WHO standard. The results from Physicochemical and geophysical analysis suggest that at depths of 20 – 45m, the concentration of ferruginous minerals is high especially towards the north eastern section of the study area and so drilling should be made to approximate depths of 50 – 80m for minimal iron contamination in the aquifers.
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Asiegbu, J. E., and C. C. Onyeonagu. "Effect of cutting frequency and nitrogen application on herbage yield and nitrogen content of a degraded Panicum maximum pasture." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 35, no. 1 (2021): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v35i1.1161.
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The effects of cutting frequency and levels of nitrogen on revitalization of a run-down pasture were investigated in 2000 and 2001 at Nsukka, Nigeria. Grass swards were cut at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks and received 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha' nitrogen. Grass dry matter yield was increased from 52 to 75% at the 3 and 6 weeks intervals of cutting, respectively. Weed proportion was reduced from 48 to 25% with 6-weekly cuts compared with more frequent cutting at 3 weeks interval between cuts. Cutting interval did not affect the total herbage yield. The dry matter yields of leaf blade, stem and inflorescence fractions increased significantly with increase in interval between cuts in the second year. The percentage nitrogen content was highest with 3-weekly interval of cut and decreased with high interval of cuts in the second year. Crude protein yield (kg ha') was highest with 6- and followed by 3- and 9-weekly intervals of cut and decreased with lar cutting of 12-weekly interval. Fertilizer-N treatment significantly increased total annual herbage dry matter yield from 3,460 kg ha yrl where no fertilizer N was applied to 5,233 kg ha-yr' with application of 450 kg N ha-'. Grass dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was increased from 57 to 80% with the highest N rate of 450 kg Nha compared with where N was not applied, while the weed dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was reduced from 43 to 20% with the highest N rate of 450 kg N ha compared with where N was not applied at the second year. A combination of 6-weeks interval of cutting with 450 kg N ha' gave the highest dry matter yield. It was also adequate in suppressing weed. Frequent cutting at higher levels of fertilizer N (300 - 450 kg ha'') increased the nitrogen and crude protein percentages of forage foliage while 6-weekly interval of cuts when combined with higher N levels gave the highest crude protein yield per hectare per year in the foliage herbage.
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Ewetola, I. A., K. O. Adebayo, A. A. Amisu, et al. "Chemical composition of hay produced from three different drying techniques." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 3 (2021): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i3.2974.
Full textAbstract:
Sporadic change in weather condition has posed serious threat to hay production which has been considered to be the simplest means of conserving forage during the period of abundance. In order to maximize opportunity of ensuring that forage is conserved with less weather dependent technique, an experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical composition of hay produced from three different drying techniques stored for a period of 90 days in South-west Nigeria. The experiment comprises three factors namely: Four fertilizer types, two grass species and three drying techniques forming 4 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, having 24 total treatments combinations replicated thrice. The fertilizer types were N.P. K. 20:10:10 (NPK), Aleshinloye organo-mineral (AOM) and poultry manure (PM) and a control. These were applied at the rate of 120 kgN/ha based on their nitrogen content. The grasses were Panicum maximum (Ntchisi) and Andropogon tectorum which were harvested at 8 weeks after cutting back (8WAC) in early dry season period in the year 2016. The three drying techniques were oven drying, solar drying and conventional drying. The results presented shows that solar dried hay were observed to produce the highest significant (P<0.05) crude protein (CP) (9.50, 8.81 and 8.41%) at 0, 6 and 12 weeks after storage (WAS), respectively. Meanwhile, the highest (P<0.05) ash (9.77 %) was observed in conventional dried hay at 6 WAS. The highest (P<0.05) ether extract (EE) (5.92%) was obtained in conventional dried hay at 12 WAS. The highest (P<0.05) Non Fibre Carbohydrate (NFC) values (23.35, 29.19 and 44.41%) were observed in conventional dried hay, while the lowest (P<0.05) NFC values (10.42, 25.12 and 37.55%) were obtained in solar dried hay at 0, 6 and 12 WAS, respectively. The highest (P<0.05) Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) (58.08 and 48.83%) were observed in oven and solar drying techniques at 0 and 6 WAS respectively. Conventional dried hay had the highest ADL (14.58%) at 12 WAS. The highest (P<0.05) hemicellulose (16.17 and 24.58%) were recorded in solar dried hay at 0 and 6, WAS respectively. In conclusion, solar drying technique produced best hay having the highest CP content throughout the sampling periods, although the CP content was decreased as the storage progresses, but it still retained the CP content beyond the recommended rate for optimum animal performance.
 
 
 Les changements sporadiques dans les conditions météorologiques ont posé une grave menace à la production de foin, qui a été considérée comme le moyen le plus simple de conserver le fourrage pendant la période d'abondance. Afin de maximiser les possibilités de s'assurer que le fourrage est conservé avec une technique moins dépendante des conditions météorologiques, une expérience a été menée pour évaluer la composition chimique du foin produite à partir de trois techniques de séchage différentes stockées pendant une période de 90 jours dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria. L'expérience comprend trois facteurs: quatre types d'engrais, deux espèces d'herbe et trois techniques de séchage formant 4 x 2 x 3 arrangement factorial, ayant 24 combinaisons totales de traitements répliquées trois fois. Les types d'engrais étaient N.P. K. 20:10:10 (le 'NPK'), Aleshinloye organo-minéral (le 'AOM') et fumier de volaille (le 'PM') et un contrôle. Ceux-ci ont été appliqués à un taux de 120 kgN/ha en fonction de leur teneur en azote. Les graminées étaient panicum maximum (Ntchisi) et Andropogon tectorum qui ont été récoltées à 8 semaines après la coupe (8WAC) au début de la saison sèche en 2016. Les trois techniques de séchage étaient le séchage au four, le séchage solaire et le séchage conventionnel. Les résultats présentés montrent que le foin séché solaire a été observé pour produire la protéine brute (CP) la plus importante (P<0.05) (CP) (9.50, 8.81 et 8.41 %) 0, 6 et 12 semaines après le stockage (WAS), respectivement. Pendant ce temps, les cendres les plus < (P<0.05) (9.77 %) a été observé dans le foin séché conventionnel à 6 WAS. Extrait d'éther (P<0.05) le plus élevé (EE) (5.92 %) a été obtenu dans le foin séché conventionnel à 12 WAS. Les valeurs les plus élevées (P<0.05) non fibre de carbone (NFC) (23.35, 29.19 et 44.41 %) ont été observées dans le foin séché conventionnel, tandis que les valeurs NFC les plus faibles (P<0.05) (10.42, 25.12 et 37.55 %) ont été obtenus dans le foin séché solaire à 0, 6 et 12 WAS, respectivement. Fibre détergente neutre (NDF) la plus élevée (P<0.05) (NDF) (58.08 et 48.83 %) ont été observés dans les techniques de séchage au four et solaire à 0 et 6 WAS respectivement. Le foin séché conventionnel avait l'ADL le plus élevé (14.58%) à 12 WAS. L'hémicellulose la plus élevée (P<0.05) (16.17 et 24.58 %) ont été enregistrés dans le foin séché solaire à 0 et 6, WAS respectivement. En conclusion, la technique de séchage solaire a produit le meilleur foin ayant la teneur en CP la plus élevée tout au long des périodes d'échantillonnage, bien que la teneur en CP ait diminué au fur et à mesure que l'entreposage progresse, mais elle a tout de même conservé la teneur en CP au- delà du taux recommandé pour une performance optimale des animaux.
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Sholadoye, Idayat O., and Idris Abubakar. "Determination of Strength Classes of Selected Nigerian Timbers in Accordance with EN338 (2009)." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.413.
Full textAbstract:
Wood has several unique, independent properties. The physical and mechanical properties of wood do vary from species to species and even within species due to environmental conditions during growth. In Nigeria, timber is been grade based on permissible stress (NCP) an upgrade to the limit state is required. A laboratory test was carried out to develop the physical and mechanical properties (four-point bending test) of the timber species in accordance with EN 13153-1, ASTM D143 and EN 408. The strength classification of selected timber was performed according to EN 338 using characteristic value of the material properties in accordance with EN384 from the generated physical and mechanical properties, after being adjusted to 12% (Eurocodes reference moisture content). The timber species considered were Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea. The result showed Tectona grandis had a higher property than Gmelina arborea and the species were assigned to strength classes of D50 and D35 (hardwoods) respectively. The study shows that the selected timber species are suitable for structural purposes.Keywords: Strength classes, Nigerian timber, Four-point bending test, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea
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Adeosun, S. A., and A. O. Togun. "Field Performance Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the Application of Different Organic Wastes under Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, October 21, 2020, 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i1330356.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: To assess the field establishment of two tea cultivars under Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and Poultry Manure (PM).
 Study Design: Randomized complete block design arranged in Split-plots (cultivars as main plots and organic amendments as sub-plots) with four replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria stations in Ibadan and Owena, Southwest Nigeria between May 2016 and November 2017 (Rainy and dry seasons of 2016; Rainy season of 2017). 
 Methodology: Milled CPH and cured PM were applied each at the rates of 150 and 300 kg Nha-1 to established C143 and C318 tea cultivars on the field; unfertilized tea cultivars served as control. Data on number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and stem diameter were collected on monthly basis; while dry matter was assessed at 15 months after transplanting. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and correlation at α.05. 
 Results: The C143 performed better than C318 and 150 kg Nha-1 of CPH and PM enhanced the vegetative growth and dry matter of tea better than 300 kg Nha-1 in Ibadan and Owena. Cultivar 143 was significantly (P=0.05) better than cultivar 318 in number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter in Ibadan; and in number of leaves and leaf area in Owena. CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 increased number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and total dry matter by 135.11, 88.19, 346.12, 65.33 and 428.11% at Ibadan; and by 349.09, 245.41, 376.89, 80.89 and 231.49% at Owena, compared to control. On the interaction, tea cultivar 143 that received 150 kg Nha-1 CPH produced significantly (P=0.05) higher number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter at Ibadan and Owena. Leaf area was positively correlated with number of leaves (r=0.87) in Ibadan and stem diameter (r=0.80) in Owena.
 Conclusion: CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 enhanced the growth and dry matter content of C143 tea established on the field in Ibadan and Owena, and is therefore recommended for tea cultivation in Southwest of Nigeria.
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Ogunfowokan, Oluwagbenga, and Muhammad Mora. "Time, expectation and satisfaction: Patients’ experience at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 4, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.398.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Long patient-clinic encounter time is typical of many hospital general outpatient departments (OPD) in Nigeria.Objectives: The objectives of our study were to determine the time spent by patients at the service points in the general OPD of the National Hospital Abuja (NHA), to establish the perception of patients regarding the patient–clinic encounter time, and to describe the level of satisfaction of patients with the services received.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the general OPD of the NHA. Information relating to the time spent at the various service points amongst others were obtained from 320 randomly selected patients using a patient administered validated questionnaire.Results: Two hundred and seventy (84.4%) patients responded adequately and were analysed.The median patient–clinic encounter time was 2.7 hours (range 0.2–7.2 hours). The long patient–clinic encounter time was accounted for mainly by the waiting time to see a doctor which was a median of 1 hour (range 0–5.6 hours) and time spent at the medical records with median of 0.5 hours (range 0–5 hours). There was a significant relationship between a short waiting time as perceived by patients, clinic visit encounters where patients’ expectations were met or surpassed, and overall patient satisfaction with the clinic visit encounter (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Reduction in patient–clinic encounter time and meeting patients’ pre-visit expectations could significantly improve patient satisfaction after clinic visit encounter at the general OPD of NHA.
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R.O., Rahmon,, and Jimoh, A.A. "STRENGTH CHARACTERIZATION AND GRADING OF LESS-USED NIGERIAN GROWN TIMBER SPECIES FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v32n1.609.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for timber is unlimited as it continues to increase rapidly in Nigeria. There is problem of undocumented properties of unpopular timber species used locally, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. This research therefore aimed at characterizing and grading of three (3) less-used timber species in Nigeria for structural uses. Ayunre (Albizia zygia), Eku (Brachystegia eurycoma) and Ire (Funtunia elastica) timber species were obtained from different sawmills in Ilorin, Nigeria and preparation of various test specimens are in accordance with British Standards BS 373: 1957. A total of 300 specimens were used in determining the strength characteristics of the timber species a 300 kN capacity Testometric Universal Testing Machine (UTM) at Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, University of Ilorin. Twenty (20) specimens for each timber species were tested for structural/strength properties according to the British Standard. Results show that the timber species had average moisture contents of 12.47, 11.78 and 12.71% for Ayunre, Eku and Ire, respectively. For density classification, Ayunre and Eku were classified as heavy wood and Ire as light wood. The results obtained provided quantitative details of the strength properties of selected timber species which can be used in determining the application of these timber species for structural applications. The timber species were, therefore graded according to NCP 2 (1973), EN 338 (2009) and BS 5268 (2002).
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Akpokodje, O. I., H. Uguru, D. Esegbuyota, and D. Esegbuyota. "Characterization, Grading and Flexural Modelling of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis); for the Local and International Construction Industry." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, December 12, 2020, 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2020/v19i317235.
Full textAbstract:
Rubberwood, hitherto solely employed as fuel wood has found fairly suitable use in the Nigerian construction industry. This paper investigated the engineering properties of this low cost, alternative, timber material, produced from Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis); often employed within two weeks of felling, for the construction of formworks and related wood works. No real attempt has been made to formally grade or coordinate the properties of rubber wood as employed in the Nigerian construction industry. The research was aimed to achieve the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of naturally seasoned rubber wood obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and assigned to it a strength/grade class. Specific properties required for grading were determined using suitable standard methods. The structural and mechanical properties of the timber wood were determined using the three point bending test in accordance with standards presented by BS EN 408 and ASTM D193, but with an aspect ratio of 12. Characteristic values for the wood properties (at the tested moisture content “MC”) were determined in accordance with BS EN 384. Adjustments were made to the characteristic values for the mechanical properties, and the density of the timber species at the test MC; to conform with the international reference MC condition of 12% (as specified by BS EN 338), and also 18% MC, to suit standards required for the Nigerian environmental condition (NCP 2). Grading was carried out in accordance with BS EN 338. The characteristic values for the mechanical properties (at 12% and 18% MC) evaluated from test results are as follows; characteristic values for MOR and MOE were 20.191 N/mm2 and 19.283 N/mm2, and 2285.784 N/mm2 and 2195.606 N/mm2 respectively. Mean values for densities (at 12% and 18% MC) were 406.169 Kg/m3 and 431.058 Kg/m3, while the characteristic values for the related densities were 338.474 Kg/m3 and 359.215 Kg/m3. Furthermore, the mean green density and characteristic green density for the rubberwood were 988.148 Kg/m3 and 900.352 Kg/m3 respectively. From the results obtained, rubberwood procured from the Niger Delta region was categorized as a grade D30 and D35 timber material at 18% MC and 12% MC respectively. Rubberwood from the Niger Delta can be conveniently employed as an alternative material to conventional timber, in both the furniture and the construction industry, but with special considerations.
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Nta, S. A., M. J. Ayotamuno, A. H. Igoni, and R. N. Okparanma. "Emission from Uyo Main Refuse Dumpsite and Potential Impact on Health." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, May 9, 2020, 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i530196.
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This paper presents potential impact on health of emission from landfill site on Uyo village road, Uyo local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three sampling points were assessed for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide H2S, ammonia (NH3), total volatile organic carbon (TVOC) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using highly sensitive digital portable meters. The data obtained were expressed in terms of an air quality index. Air quality index indicates that the ambient air can be described as unhealthy for sensitive groups for NO2, unhealthy for SO2 and PM2.5 and moderate for CO, respectively. H2S, NH3, TVOC, HCN, PM10 were not indicated in USEPA air quality standards. It recommended that stringent and proper landfill emissions management together with appropriate burning of wastes should be considered in the study area to ease the risks associated with these pollutants on public health.
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Mirinn, E., E. P. Berezi, and K. T. Nwauche. "Effect of Drilling Wastes on Urease Activities and Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) in Wetland Soil of Delta and Bayelsa States, South-South, Nigeria." Chemical Science International Journal, March 16, 2020, 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2020/v29i230162.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of drilling waste on urease activities and substrate-induced respiration in wetland soil of Niger Delta of Nigeria was investigated, using Fadama, mangrove and meander soils respectively. Urease activity and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) were measured after 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 105 and 140 days of incubation to evaluate the effects of drilling waste on soil biochemical perimeters. Results obtained indicated that Fadama soil urease activities varied from 13.5 to 2.10 mg NH4 – Hg-1 dry soil in drilling waste. Mangrove soil varied from 13.5 to 2.22 mg NH4 – Ng-1 dry soil in drilling waste. Meander soil activities varied from 14.7 to 3.10 mg NH4 – Ng-1 dry soil in drilling waste. Also, the substrate-induced respiration in Fadama and mangrove soil range from 2.05 to 0.05 ml CO2 kg-1 24 h-1 in drilling waste respectively. Analysis of enzyme activities indicated positive relationship between urease activities and SIR (r = 0.78, p < 0.05 Fadama (r = 1, P < 0.05 Mangrove) and (r = 0.83, P < 0.05 Meander). There was also a positive relationship between 5%, 10% and 15% treatment levels in Fadama, meander and mangrove soils.
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Abiodun, F. O., J. O. Afolabi, N. C. Isienyi, J. O. Isola, V. A. Olayiwola, and C. I. Ihediuche. "Early Growth Response of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Seedlings to Ranging Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on an Alfisol." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, April 17, 2020, 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i330258.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: To investigate the early growth response of Morinda citrifolia to varying levels of Aleshinloye compost and N:P:K 15:15:15 in a degraded Alfisol in a tropical Nigerian environmental condition.
 Study Design: The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve (12) treatments replicated six (6) times with a total of seventy two (72) experimental units.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the greenhouse of Soil and tree Nutrition department of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan (FRIN) and it lasted for a period of 6 month.
 Methodology: Degraded top soil used for the experiment was collected within FRIN arboretum. The soil was air dried and passed through a 2 mm diameter sieve before being filled into polythene pots of 15 cm x 20 cm dimension having a 3 kg soil capacity. The organic fertilizer was applied at 4 weeks before transplanting while the inorganic fertilizer was applied at 2 weeks after transplanting and pre-germinated seedlings of Noni were transplanted at four leaves stage. The data collected include Stem Girth (mm), plant height (cm) and Number of leaves starting from 30 Days After Transplanting (DAT).
 Results: The result revealed that the soil sample used for this study had pH value of 6.06 and the total N value of 0.11%. Noni plant with treatment T11 (N:P:K 15:15:15 at 80 Kg Nha-1 + Aleshiloye compost (AC) at 80 Kg Nha-1) had the highest plant height values of 48.17, 65.67 and 77.87 cm respectively which are significantly higher (P = .05) than T1 (control) with 37.17, 47.50 and 55.33 cm respectively that are the least values observed from 120 DAT to 180 DAT. The Plant Dry Matter (PDM) for leaves, stem and root (3.593, 2.720 and 4.220 g/plant) respectively from the control (T1) plant was the least when compared to every other treatment in the study.
 Conclusion: The use of composted manure in combination with N:P:K 15:15:15 ensured early and continuous supply of nutrient with resultant higher growth performance of Noni over a period of six months as shown in the study.